CN116023794A

CN116023794A - Degradable material, preparation method and application

Info

Publication number: CN116023794A
Application number: CN202211113426.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 于博雅
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2022-09-14
Filing date: 2022-09-14
Publication date: 2023-04-28

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of degradable materials, in particular to the field of IPC C08L67, and more particularly relates to a degradable material, a preparation method and application thereof. The degradable material of the invention is prepared from the raw materials of 80-100 parts by weight of gelatin, 15-30 parts by weight of plasticizer, 130-180 parts by weight of raw wood pulp and 400-500 parts by weight of water. The invention develops a degradable material which is easy to degrade in soil, has high toughness, no toxicity and pollution, controllable cost and simple process, and can be used for manufacturing daily necessities.

Description

Degradable material, preparation method and application

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of degradable materials, in particular to the field of IPC C08L67, and more particularly relates to a degradable material, a preparation method and application thereof.

Background

Plastic, which is a high molecular material, is easily folded due to its high toughness, and is widely used in our lives. However, the natural environment is difficult to degrade, white pollution is formed, the living environment of people is destroyed, and the ecological system is also destroyed.

The prior patent CN200810011021.8 discloses a degradable plastic film, which comprises 50-80% of film-grade polyethylene and 20-50% of film-grade polylactic acid, and can replace a certain plastic film to be used as a degradable material. But it is expensive and heat resistance is still to be improved.

The prior patent CN202111128872.2 discloses a manufacturing process of a degradable light non-combustion-supporting plastic bag, and the outside non-combustion-supporting fabric comprises the following raw materials: polypropylene, a flame retardant, an elastomer, 15-20 parts of a softening agent, a plasticizer, an antioxidant, a coupling agent and cooling master batch; the inner degradable lightweight plastic layer comprises the following raw materials: the plastic bag has strong flame retardant effect, but long degradation time.

Some degradable materials in the current market are high in cost, complex in process and long in degradation period in soil. The invention develops a degradable material which has controllable cost, simple process, easy degradation in soil, good toughness, stiffness, no toxicity and no pollution and can be used for manufacturing plastic tolt bags.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the first aspect of the invention provides a degradable material, which is prepared from the following raw materials, by weight, 80-100 parts of gelatin, 15-30 parts of plasticizer, 130-180 parts of raw wood pulp and 400-500 parts of water.

Preferably, the degradable material is prepared from the raw materials of 90-100 parts by weight of gelatin, 20-25 parts by weight of plasticizer, 140-160 parts by weight of raw wood pulp and 450-500 parts by weight of water.

Preferably, the weight ratio of the gelatin to the water is (9-10): (47-49); further preferably, it is 1:5.

in the application, the weight ratio of the components is (90-100): gelatin of (470-490), water, is capable of forming a degradable material of moderate hardness. The applicant speculates that gelatin molecules contain many hydrophilic groups, and that gelatin solutions form a viscous flowing sol when the temperature is increased, and that upon a decrease in temperature, protein molecules dispersed in chains form a network structure, and water molecules are contained in the network structure and converted into a gel. When the gelatin is too small, the protein molecules which are dispersed in a chain form a network structure with too many water molecules, and the formed degradable material is too viscous and easy to stick to hands. When the gelatin is too much, the water molecules in the network structure formed by the protein molecules dispersed in a chain form are too little, and the formed degradable material is too hard and is not easy to cut and sew.

Preferably, the gelatin is in the form of gelatin powder.

Preferably, the gelatin is food grade gelatin, purchased from daily flavor shops.

In the application, the food-grade gelatin is added, so that the pungent smell is lightened, the shaping is better, and the toughness and leather texture are enhanced. The applicant speculates that the food grade gelatin contains less impurities than the industrial grade gelatin, and the impurities do not generate pungent odor when the food grade gelatin reacts with glycerol, water and raw wood pulp in a heating environment, and the food grade gelatin in the same quality contains more gelatin components and no harmful substances than the industrial gelatin, so that bubbles in the degradable material can be reduced, and the food grade gelatin can react with other materials together to form a material with toughness and leather texture, and has the characteristics of no toxicity and no pollution.

Preferably, the weight ratio of the gelatin to the plasticizer is (90-100): 24, a step of detecting the position of the base; further preferably, it is 4:1.

preferably, the weight ratio of the plasticizer to the raw wood pulp is 24: (140-160); further preferably, it is 24:145.

in the application, the weight ratio of the components is (90-100): 24, and glycerol, can enhance the softness of the degradable material and also can enhance the elasticity of the degradable material. The applicant speculates that the addition weight ratio is (90-100): 24, and the glycerol can interact with gelatin molecules to form hydrogen bonds, so that acting forces in and among the gelatin molecules can be reduced, the elasticity of the degradable material is improved, and the degradable material has better flexibility. However, glycerol also has a strong hygroscopic property and is extremely susceptible to humidity in the air. Therefore, it is necessary to further add other materials.

In the application, the weight ratio of the components is 24: the glycerol and the log pulp of (140-160) reduce the moisture absorption effect of the glycerol and further enhance the toughness and the seamability of the degradable material. The applicant has found that the further addition of raw wood pulp makes wood fiber uniformly distributed in the mixed solution of gelatin, water and glycerin, and the wood fiber and gelatin molecular chain are combined to form a more stable structure, so that the toughness and the seamability of the degradable material are improved. If the content of the raw wood pulp is reduced, the fiber content in the degradable material is too low, so that gelatin is stuck on the needle and sewing cannot be performed; if the raw wood pulp content is too large, the stiffness of the degradable material is insufficient.

Preferably, the plasticizer is a small molecule polyol; further preferably, it is glycerol.

Preferably, the glycerol content is greater than or equal to 99.5%.

Preferably, the glycerol is purchased from Shandong Denkang medical science and technology Co.

Preferably, the log pulp has a mesh number of 50 to 100 mesh; further preferably, it is 80 mesh.

The addition of 80-mesh raw wood pulp can lead the dispersity of the raw wood pulp in the whole system to be more uniform and not easy to agglomerate in the preparation process, thereby improving the toughness and hardness of the degradable material and saving the cost.

Preferably, the raw wood pulp is purchased from the stone house Hua Lang mineral products trade company limited.

In order to improve the aesthetic degree of the product and meet the demands of various consumers, pigments, flash powder and dry flowers can be added in the process of preparing the degradable material, so that the fashion of the product is improved.

The second aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing a degradable material, comprising the steps of:

s1: opening the heating plate, pouring water into the pot, weighing glycerol with food scale, adding gelatin with food scale, adding into the pot, stirring to uniform state, and adding wood pulp to form mixture.

S2: stirring the mixture until no obvious lump exists, heating to 90-100 ℃ to start foaming, continuing heating for 1-3 minutes, removing the pot from the heating plate, continuing stirring for 1-3 minutes, removing the foam on the surface of the liquid by using a spoon, pouring into a complete mould after no lump exists, and drying for 2-3 days.

Preferably, the membrane contains a layer of vegetable oil inside.

Preferably, the vegetable oil is peanut (arachis hypogaea) oil.

Preferably, the peanut oil is available from sandisk trade limited.

Preferably, the size of the die is 60cm×40cm×2mm.

The glycerol is added first and then the gelatin is added, so that the aggregation of the gelatin at the bottom of the pot can be reduced, the gelatin is prevented from being dehydrated at the bottom of the pot to become burnt, the loss of raw materials is reduced, and meanwhile, the elasticity of the degradable material is improved. The applicant finds through experiments that gelatin is added firstly and then glycerin is added, the gelatin and water react firstly, the gelatin is easy to sink and gather at the bottom of a pot, and the gelatin is easy to paste at the bottom of the pot in the stirring process. However, after changing the feeding sequence, glycerol is added first, then gelatin is added, water and the glycerol are mixed and then react with the gelatin, so that the gelatin can be mixed into a uniform state in the whole system, and is not easy to paste at the bottom of a pot under the condition of high-temperature heating, thereby reducing the cost.

Stirring until no obvious lump exists, the probability of scorching can be reduced, bubbles and impurities are reduced, the uniformity and toughness of the degradable material are improved, the smoothness of the degradable material can be improved, the impurities in the whole system can be reduced, and the attractiveness of the whole product is improved.

In a third aspect, the invention provides the use of a degradable material in an item of daily use.

Preferably, the daily necessities are accessories, bags and folders of the clothes.

In some preferred embodiments, the degradable material is prepared as a pack and folder as shown in fig. 5 and 6.

The beneficial effects are that:

1. by adding the food-grade gelatin, the food-grade gelatin can reduce the pungent smell, simultaneously can be better shaped, and can enhance the toughness and leather texture.

2. The weight ratio of the components is (90-100): gelatin of (470-490), water, is capable of forming a degradable material of moderate hardness.

3. The weight ratio of the components is (90-100): 24, and glycerol, can enhance the softness of the degradable material and also can enhance the elasticity of the degradable material.

4. The weight ratio of the components is 24: the glycerol and the log pulp of (140-160) reduce the moisture absorption effect of the glycerol and further enhance the toughness and the seamability of the degradable material.

5. The glycerol is added first and then the gelatin is added, so that the aggregation of the gelatin at the bottom of the pot can be reduced, the gelatin is prevented from being dehydrated at the bottom of the pot to become burnt, the loss of raw materials is reduced, and meanwhile, the elasticity of the degradable material is improved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a degradable material prepared in comparative example 1;

FIG. 2 is a degradable material prepared in comparative example 2;

FIG. 3 is a degradable material prepared in comparative example 3;

FIG. 4 is a degradable material prepared in example 1;

FIG. 5 is a packet processed from the degradable material prepared in example 1;

FIG. 6 is a folder processed from the degradable material prepared in example 1;

FIG. 7 is a comparison of three materials before and after they are embedded in soil in a first degradation experiment;

FIG. 8 is a comparison of three materials before and after they are embedded in soil in a second degradation experiment;

fig. 9 is a view showing the planting of plants in soil of the degradable material dyed in degradation example 1.

Detailed Description

Example 1

The invention provides a degradable material which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight.

The weight ratio of the gelatin to the water is 1:5.

the state of the gelatin is gelatin powder.

The gelatin is food-grade gelatin and is purchased from daily flavoring shops.

The weight ratio of the gelatin to the plasticizer is 4:1.

The weight ratio of the plasticizer to the raw wood pulp is 24:145.

the plasticizer is glycerol.

The glycerol content is more than or equal to 99.5%.

The glycerol was purchased from Shandong Denkang medical science and technology Co.

The mesh number of the raw wood pulp is 80 mesh.

The raw wood pulp was purchased from stone house Hua Lang mineral products trade limited.

S2: the mixture was stirred until no distinct lumps, heated to 95 ℃ to begin foaming, heated for 2 minutes, the pan was removed from the heated plate, stirred for 3 minutes, the foam on the liquid surface was removed with a spoon, after confirming no lumps, poured into a complete mold, and dried for 3 days.

The membrane contains a layer of vegetable oil.

The vegetable oil is peanut (Arachishypogaea) oil.

The peanut oil is purchased from Sangzhi Kao, inc.

The size of the die is 60cm multiplied by 40cm multiplied by 2mm.

The daily necessities are bags.

The degradable material prepared in the example 1 is shown in fig. 4.

Example 2

The embodiment of example 2 is the same as that of example 1 except that the raw materials for preparing the same comprise, by weight, 90 parts of gelatin, 24 parts of plasticizer, 140 parts of raw wood pulp and 490 parts of water.

The weight ratio of the gelatin to the water is 9:49.

the weight ratio of the gelatin to the plasticizer is 90:24.

the weight ratio of the plasticizer to the raw wood pulp is 24:140.

the daily necessities are folders.

Example 3

The embodiment of example 3 is the same as that of example 1 except that the raw materials for preparing the same comprise, by weight, 100 parts of gelatin, 24 parts of plasticizer, 160 parts of raw wood pulp and 470 parts of water.

The weight ratio of the gelatin to the water is 10:47.

the weight ratio of the gelatin to the plasticizer is 100:24.

the weight ratio of the plasticizer to the raw wood pulp is 24:160.

the daily necessities are accessories of clothes.

Comparative example 1

The embodiment of comparative example 1 is the same as example 1 except that the raw materials for preparation thereof comprise, by weight, 96 parts of gelatin, 24 parts of plasticizer, 145 parts of raw wood pulp, 480 parts of water, and 0.1 part of pigment (violet).

The gelatin is industrial gelatin, and is purchased from Jiangsu Runfeng synthetic technology Co.

The degradable material prepared in the comparative example 1 is shown in fig. 1.

Comparative example 2

The embodiment of comparative example 2 is the same as in example 1 except that the raw materials for preparation thereof, in parts by weight, comprise 10 parts of gelatin, 24 parts of plasticizer, 145 parts of raw wood pulp, 480 parts of water, 0.1 part of pigment (blue).

The weight ratio of the gelatin to the water is 1:48.

the degradable material prepared in comparative example 2 is shown in fig. 2.

Comparative example 3

The embodiment of comparative example 3 is the same as in example 1 except that the raw materials for preparation thereof comprise, by weight, 96 parts of gelatin, 96 parts of plasticizer, 145 parts of raw wood pulp, 480 parts of water, 0.1 part of pigment (blue), and 0.2 part of dried flowers.

The weight ratio of the gelatin to the plasticizer is 1:1.

the degradable material prepared in comparative example 3 is shown in fig. 3.

Comparative example 4

The embodiment of comparative example 4 is the same as in example 1 except that the raw materials for preparation thereof comprise, by weight, 96 parts of gelatin, 145 parts of raw wood pulp, and 480 parts of water.

Comparative example 5

The embodiment of comparative example 5 is the same as in example 1 except that the raw materials for preparation thereof comprise, by weight, 96 parts of gelatin, 24 parts of plasticizer, 57 parts of raw wood pulp, and 480 parts of water.

The weight ratio of the gelatin to the raw wood pulp is 96:57.

comparative example 6

The embodiment of comparative example 6 is the same as in example 1 except that the raw materials for preparation thereof comprise, by weight, 96 parts of gelatin, 24 parts of plasticizer, and 480 parts of water.

Comparative example 7

The embodiment of comparative example 7 is the same as in example 1, except that S1: opening the heating plate, pouring water into the pot, weighing gelatin with food, weighing glycerol with food, adding into the pot, stirring to uniform state, and adding wood pulp to form mixture.

Comparative example 8

The embodiment of comparative example 8 is the same as in example 1 except that the raw wood pulp has a mesh number of 20 mesh.

The raw wood pulp was purchased from Shijia Hua Lang mineral products trade company Limited.

Comparative example 9

The embodiment of comparative example 9 is the same as in example 1, except that S2: heating the mixture to 95deg.C to start foaming, heating for 2 min, removing the pot from the heating plate, stirring for 3 min, removing foam on the surface of the liquid with spoon, pouring into a complete mold after no caking is confirmed, and drying for 3 days.

Performance testing

1. The surfaces of the degradable materials prepared in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 9 were observed for bubbles and impurities, and the results are shown in Table 1.

2. The degradable materials prepared in the examples 1 to 3 and the comparative examples 1 to 9 are touched by hands, have better toughness, moderate hardness, no obvious foreign body sensation and optimal hand feeling, and are A; the toughness is poor when touching, the feeling is hard, the kneading is not good, or the touch is soft, and the hand feeling is poor as B; difficult to knead, or not formed, with worst hand feel C, the results are shown in Table 1.

3. The degradable materials prepared in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 9 were placed in a humidity-adjustable sealed box for 8 hours, and the difference from the original state was recorded after taking out, and the results are shown in table 1.

4. The degradable materials prepared in the examples 1 to 3 and the comparative examples 1 to 9 are placed under a sewing machine for processing, so that complete wiring can be performed, and the seamability is strong; part of wiring can be performed, and the seamability is middle; no routing was performed at all, the seamability was weak, and the results are shown in table 1.

5. The dyed degradable material, rag and plastic prepared in example 1 were cut into 6X 6cm pieces ² Is buried in the soil. After three days, excavation is carried out, so that relatively complete rags and plastics can be found in the soil, and degradable materials cannot be found. The degradable material prepared in example 1 can be considered to have been completely degraded. Two experiments were performed, and the results of the two experiments are the same, see fig. 7 and 8. Soil degraded with the degradable material of example 1 was planted and plants grew normally and in good growth conditions, see fig. 9.

TABLE 1

	Bubbles, impurities	Hand feel	Moisture resistance	Suture ability
					Example 1	No bubble and no impurity	A	No change	Strong strength
Example 2	No bubble and no impurity	A	No change	Strong strength
					Example 3	No bubble and no impurity	A	No change	Strong strength
Comparative example 1	Multiple bubbles and multiple impurities	B	No change	Strong strength
					Comparative example 2	Multiple bubbles, no impurity	B	Soft and sticky	Weak and weak
Comparative example 3	No bubble and no impurity	B	Soft and sticky	In (a)
					Comparative example 4	No bubble and multiple impurities	B	No change	In (a)
Comparative example 5	No bubble and no impurity	B	Soft and sticky	In (a)
					Comparative example 6	No bubble and no impurity	C	Not formed into shape	Weak and weak
Comparative example 7	No bubble and impurity	B	No change	In (a)
					Comparative example 8	No bubble and impurity	B	No change	Strong strength
Comparative example 9	Has bubbles and impurities	C	No change	In (a)

Claims

1. The degradable material is characterized by comprising, by weight, 80-100 parts of gelatin, 15-30 parts of plasticizer, 130-180 parts of raw wood pulp and 400-500 parts of water.

2. The degradable material according to claim 1, wherein the raw materials for preparing the degradable material comprise, by weight, 90-100 parts of gelatin, 20-25 parts of plasticizer, 140-160 parts of raw wood pulp and 450-500 parts of water.

3. The degradable material according to claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of gelatin to water is (9-10): (47-49).

4. The degradable material according to claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of the gelatin to the plasticizer is (90-100): 24.

5. the degradable material according to claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of the plasticizer to the raw wood pulp is 24: (140-160).

6. The degradable material according to claim 1, wherein the raw wood pulp has a mesh size of 50-100 mesh.

7. The degradable material of claim 1, wherein the plasticizer is a small molecule polyol; further preferably, it is glycerol.

8. A method of producing a degradable material according to any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising the steps of:

s1: opening the heating plate, pouring water into the pot, weighing glycerol with a food scale, adding gelatin with a food scale, adding into the pot, stirring to uniform state, and adding raw wood pulp to form a mixture;

9. Use of a degradable material according to any one of claims 1 to 7, in a daily necessities.

10. The use of a degradable material according to claim 9, wherein the daily necessities are accessories, bags, folders of clothing.