CN116014295B - Sodium ion battery energy storage module - Google Patents
Sodium ion battery energy storage module Download PDFInfo
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- CN116014295B CN116014295B CN202310299582.7A CN202310299582A CN116014295B CN 116014295 B CN116014295 B CN 116014295B CN 202310299582 A CN202310299582 A CN 202310299582A CN 116014295 B CN116014295 B CN 116014295B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a sodium ion battery energy storage module, which relates to the technical field of energy storage batteries and mainly adopts the technical scheme that: the control module is used for determining the total electric quantity of the current charging behavior of the energy storage cabinet, generating the charging time of the current charging behavior according to the charging strategy, and dividing the charging time according to the charging strategy to obtain the first charging time of each charging stage of the charging strategy and the charged electric energy; calculating the second charging time of each charging stage of the charging strategy according to the charging coefficient of the sodium ion battery and the current charging information, if the time difference value between the first charging time and the second charging time accords with a preset time threshold value, determining the energy loss of each charging stage according to the real-time electric quantity of each sodium ion battery and the input electric energy under the first charging time, and simulating the temperature data of each sodium ion battery according to the energy loss of each charging stage and the size information of the sodium ion battery; and regulating and controlling the output power of the refrigerating system according to the temperature data to perform heat dissipation management on the plurality of sodium ion batteries.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of energy storage batteries, in particular to a sodium ion battery energy storage module.
Background
A sodium ion battery is a secondary battery that operates by means of sodium ions moving between a positive electrode and a negative electrode. The water system sodium ion battery has the dual advantages of rich sodium resource reserves and intrinsically safe water system electrolyte, and is regarded as an ideal large-scale static energy storage technology. When the sodium ion battery stores energy, as ions are mutually converted to generate certain heat, the energy storage rate is also increased in different ways along with the increase of the temperature until the temperature reaches the balance point of energy storage, the early temperature cannot reach the requirement, the time for reaching the balance point is long, and the rapid reaching of the balance point is not facilitated; after the equilibrium point is reached, a certain potential safety hazard exists in the sodium ion battery due to the higher temperature.
The prior art CN113948761A discloses an energy storage process and device for a sodium ion battery, and relates to the technical field of sodium batteries, and the specific steps are as follows: firstly, placing a sodium ion battery in an energy storage machine, wherein the energy storage machine is well electrically connected with the sodium ion battery; step two, detecting the state of each sodium ion battery by an energy storage machine, if the voltage of the sodium ion battery is lower than a threshold value of a pre-energy storage voltage, pre-energy storage is carried out on the sodium ion battery by the energy storage machine, the pre-energy storage current is 400-490mA/min, the pre-charging time is 13-18min, the energy storage machine carries out cyclic heating treatment, and the temperature in the energy storage machine is controlled to be 38-46 ℃; according to the invention, the sodium ion battery is heated for pre-stored energy, so that the activity of the sodium ion battery is improved, the speed of entering the balance point of stored energy is increased, and the balance point is quickly reached; and the balanced energy storage stage is used for cooling treatment, so that the sodium ion battery is cooled to a stable state, potential safety hazards are avoided when the sodium ion battery stores energy, the sodium ion battery with larger weight is convenient to load and unload, and the sodium ion battery is convenient to load and unload in an energy storage machine.
In the prior art, temperature data of the sodium ion battery is usually obtained by arranging a temperature sensor, a refrigerating system, a fan system and the like are controlled to perform heat dissipation management on the sodium ion battery according to the temperature data or the temperature rise, but in the actual process, the temperature data is inaccurate due to the position and the working mode of the temperature sensor, for example, the temperature sensor can only collect the temperature data on the surface of the sodium ion battery, in the actual heat dissipation scene, sodium ion current heat is transmitted from inside to outside, the acquired temperature data of the sodium ion battery changes due to environmental influence, the acquired temperature data cannot accurately represent the temperature condition of the sodium ion battery, so that the battery is likely to have serious thermal runaway phenomenon due to the acquired temperature data by adopting the temperature sensor, and a large-area battery monomer is extremely easy to fail and fire, and serious consequences are caused.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides the sodium ion battery energy storage module, the temperature data of each sodium ion battery is simulated according to the energy loss of each charging stage and the size information of the sodium ion battery, the temperature data relatively accurately represents the integral temperature change condition of the sodium ion battery in the charging process, the output power of a refrigerating system is regulated and controlled according to the temperature data, and the sodium ion battery is timely subjected to heat management, so that the thermal runaway phenomenon of the sodium ion battery is avoided.
The technical aim of the application is achieved through the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a sodium ion battery energy storage module, which comprises:
the sodium ion battery module is used for plugging a plurality of sodium ion batteries connected in series and/or in parallel, and a heat dissipation channel is arranged between every two adjacent sodium ion batteries;
the energy storage cabinet is used for acquiring the voltage state of the sodium ion battery module and charging the sodium ion battery module according to a preset charging strategy according to the voltage state;
the refrigerating system is connected with the heat exchange plates through pipelines and is used for transferring heat conducted by the heat exchange plates from the heat dissipation channels to the outdoor atmosphere, and one heat exchange plate is arranged between every two adjacent sodium ion battery modules;
the control module is used for obtaining the battery capacities of the sodium ion batteries, determining the total electric quantity of the current charging behavior of the energy storage cabinet according to the battery capacities of the sodium ion batteries, generating the charging time of the current charging behavior according to the charging strategy, and dividing the charging time according to the charging strategy to obtain the first charging time of each charging stage of the charging strategy and the charged electric energy; calculating the second charging time of each charging stage of the charging strategy according to the charging coefficient of the sodium ion battery and the current charging information, if the time difference value between the first charging time and the second charging time accords with a preset time threshold value, determining the energy loss of each charging stage according to the real-time electric quantity of each sodium ion battery and the input electric energy under the first charging time, and simulating the temperature data of each sodium ion battery according to the energy loss of each charging stage and the size information of the sodium ion battery; when the temperature data of any sodium ion battery is larger than the temperature threshold value set by the refrigerating system, the output power of the refrigerating system is regulated and controlled to dissipate heat of the sodium ion batteries, so that heat is dissipated through the heat dissipation channel.
In one embodiment, the control module is further configured to control the refrigeration system to perform a first control mode to dissipate heat from each of the sodium-ion batteries when the temperature data is detected to be between a trigger temperature that causes thermal runaway of the sodium-ion batteries and a starting temperature of the thermal runaway; the first control mode is a heat dissipation mode corresponding to a triggering temperature of the sodium ion battery reaching thermal runaway, wherein the triggering temperature is smaller than the initial temperature;
controlling the refrigeration system to execute a second control mode to radiate heat of each sodium ion battery between the temperature data detected to be greater than the initial temperature of thermal runaway; the second control mode is a heat dissipation mode corresponding to thermal runaway of the sodium ion battery.
In one embodiment, the control module is further configured to determine, when the temperature data is detected to reach a maximum temperature of the thermal runaway of the sodium-ion battery, position information of the sodium-ion battery affected by the thermal runaway of the sodium-ion battery according to position information of the sodium-ion battery at the maximum temperature.
In one embodiment, the energy storage cabinet is further configured to execute a first charging strategy when the voltage of each sodium ion battery is detected to be lower than a pre-stored voltage threshold value, wherein the first charging strategy is pre-stored energy charging and constant current charging;
when the difference value of the highest voltage and the lowest voltage of each sodium ion battery exceeds the balanced differential pressure threshold value, executing a second charging strategy to control the voltage difference of each sodium ion battery within the balanced differential pressure threshold value range, wherein the second charging strategy is a balanced energy storage stage;
after the second charging strategy is finished, the energy storage cabinet stores energy for the sodium ion battery at a constant voltage until the sodium ion battery is charged to a set constant voltage value.
In one embodiment, the heat dissipation channel is a through hole structure, the sodium ion battery modules penetrate through front and back, a plurality of sodium ion battery modules are installed in the energy storage cabinet, and the sodium ion battery modules are stacked.
In one embodiment, the heat exchange plate comprises an inlet pipe, an inlet pipe branch pipe, an outlet pipe collecting pipe, an outlet pipe and a plurality of heat exchange flow channels for the secondary refrigerant to flow inside; the inlet pipe is communicated with the inlet pipe branch pipe, the outlet pipe is communicated with the outlet pipe header, and each heat exchange flow passage is connected between the inlet pipe branch pipe and the outlet pipe header; the secondary refrigerant enters through the inlet pipe, is split into each heat exchange flow channel at the pipe separating part of the inlet pipe, and is collected into the outlet pipe collecting pipe after heat exchange and is discharged from the outlet pipe.
In one embodiment, the refrigeration system includes a liquid reservoir, a circulation pump, and an air-cooled heat exchanger; the liquid storage device is used for storing the secondary refrigerant and is provided with a liquid outlet and a liquid inlet; the circulating pump is connected between a liquid outlet of the liquid reservoir and a liquid inlet pipe of the heat exchange plate through a pipeline and is used for conveying the refrigerating medium in the liquid reservoir to the heat exchange plate;
the air-cooled heat exchanger is used for being installed outdoors, is connected between the outlet pipe of the heat exchange plate and the liquid inlet of the liquid reservoir through a pipeline, dissipates heat of the secondary refrigerant discharged by the heat exchange plate in an air-cooled mode, and stores the heat-dissipated secondary refrigerant into the liquid reservoir.
In one embodiment, the refrigeration system includes a liquid reservoir, an expansion valve, a compressor, and an air-cooled heat exchanger; the liquid storage device is used for storing the secondary refrigerant and is provided with a liquid outlet and a liquid inlet; the expansion valve and the compressor are sequentially connected with the inlet pipe of the heat exchange plate; the air-cooled heat exchanger is used for being installed outdoors, is connected between the outlet pipe of the heat exchange plate and the liquid inlet of the liquid reservoir through a pipeline, performs air-cooled heat exchange on the secondary refrigerant discharged by the heat exchange plate, and stores the secondary refrigerant after heat exchange into the liquid reservoir.
In one embodiment, the refrigeration system includes a liquid reservoir, a circulation pump, a plate heat exchanger, a compressor, an expansion valve, and an air-cooled heat exchanger; the liquid storage device is used for storing the secondary refrigerant and is provided with a liquid outlet and a liquid inlet, and the liquid inlet is connected with the outlet pipe of the heat exchange plate through a pipeline; the circulating pump is connected between the liquid outlet of the liquid reservoir and the first side of the plate heat exchanger through a pipeline, and the first side of the plate heat exchanger is also connected with the inlet pipe of the heat exchange plate; the second side of the plate heat exchanger is sequentially connected with the expansion valve, the air-cooled heat exchanger and the compressor to form a closed loop structure.
In one embodiment, the system further comprises a battery management system electrically connected with the sodium ion battery module for managing the charge states of the plurality of sodium ion batteries plugged by the sodium ion battery module.
Compared with the prior art, the method and the device have the advantages that the total electric quantity charged by the current charging action of the energy storage cabinet is determined through the residual battery capacities of the sodium ion batteries, the charging time required by the current charging action is generated according to the charging strategy of the energy storage cabinet, the first charging time and the charged electric energy of each charging stage of the charging strategy are obtained by dividing the charging time according to the charging strategy, further, the second charging time of each charging stage of the charging strategy is calculated through the charging coefficient of the sodium ion battery and the current charging information, if the difference value between the first charging time and the second charging time divided on the basis of the charging strategy meets the preset time threshold, the sodium ion battery is in a normal charging state, on the basis, the energy loss in the charging process is determined according to the actual charging capacity of the sodium ion batteries and the input electric energy in the charging time period, the energy loss in each charging stage is determined according to the real-time electric quantity of each sodium ion battery and the input electric energy in the first charging time, the temperature data of each sodium ion battery are simulated according to the energy loss of each charging stage and the size information of the sodium ion battery, the temperature data of each sodium ion battery are accurately represented in time, the temperature data of the sodium ion battery is controlled in a temperature runaway state, the temperature data is accurately is controlled, the temperature data is controlled in the temperature data is stored in the temperature is stored, and the temperature data is prevented from the temperature data is stored, and the temperature is relatively out, and the temperature data is relatively out, and the temperature data is relatively is in the temperature is relatively controlled.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a sodium ion battery energy storage module according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a block diagram of a first refrigeration system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a block diagram of a second refrigeration system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Description of the drawings and reference numerals:
110. a sodium ion battery module; 120. an energy storage cabinet; 130. a control module; 140. a refrigeration system; 1411. a reservoir; 1412. a circulation pump; 1413. an air-cooled heat exchanger; 1421. an expansion valve; 1422. a compressor.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
As described in the background, in the prior art, temperature data of the sodium ion battery is usually obtained by arranging a temperature sensor, and the cooling system 140, the fan system and the like are controlled to perform heat dissipation management on the sodium ion battery according to the height or temperature rise of the temperature data, but in the actual process, the temperature sensor is inaccurate in position and working mode, for example, the temperature sensor can only collect the temperature data on the surface of the sodium ion battery, and in the actual heat dissipation scene, sodium ion current heat is transmitted from inside to outside, which results in that the collected temperature data of the sodium ion battery changes due to environmental influence, so that the collected temperature data cannot accurately represent the temperature condition of the sodium ion battery, and therefore, the battery is likely to have serious thermal runaway phenomenon due to the fact that the battery is collected by adopting the temperature sensor, so that a large-area battery monomer is extremely easy to fail and fire, and serious consequences are produced.
Therefore, this embodiment provides a sodium ion battery energy storage module for simulating the change condition of temperature data in the charging and energy storage process of a sodium ion battery, so as to reasonably control the heat dissipation device (such as the refrigeration system 140, the fan system, etc.) to dissipate heat, thereby ensuring the safety of the sodium ion battery in the charging process and further reasonably controlling the energy consumption of the heat dissipation device.
The implementation of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments. Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a sodium ion battery energy storage module according to an embodiment of the present invention, including:
the sodium ion battery module 110 is configured to plug a plurality of sodium ion batteries connected in series and/or parallel, wherein a heat dissipation channel is provided between each adjacent sodium ion battery. Specifically, one sodium ion battery module 110 is used for plugging a plurality of sodium ion batteries in series or in parallel, wherein the sodium ion battery module may be formed by connecting a plurality of sodium ion batteries in series, or may be formed by connecting a plurality of sodium ion batteries in parallel, or may be formed by connecting a plurality of sodium ion batteries in series and parallel in a mixed manner, and the plugging manner is a conventional means for those skilled in the art, so that redundant description is not made, and further, a heat dissipation channel arranged between each two adjacent sodium ion batteries is a conventional technical means for those skilled in the art, so that redundant description is not made. In a preferred embodiment, the heat dissipation channel is a through hole structure, and penetrates the sodium ion battery module 110 back and forth. It will be appreciated that the positive and negative electrode materials of sodium ion batteries are components known in the art, e.g., the positive electrode material is Na 0.44 MnO 2 The negative electrode material is hard carbon and the electrolyte is a gel polymer electrolyte.
The energy storage cabinet 120 is configured to obtain a voltage state of the sodium ion battery module 110, and charge the sodium ion battery module 110 according to a preset charging policy according to the voltage state.
Specifically, in one embodiment, when the voltage of each sodium ion battery is detected to be lower than a threshold value of the pre-stored energy voltage, a first charging strategy is executed, wherein the first charging strategy is pre-stored energy charging and constant current charging; when the difference value of the highest voltage and the lowest voltage of each sodium ion battery exceeds the balanced differential pressure threshold value, executing a second charging strategy to control the voltage difference of each sodium ion battery within the balanced differential pressure threshold value range, wherein the second charging strategy is a balanced energy storage stage; after the second charging strategy is finished, the energy storage cabinet 120 stores energy for the sodium ion battery at a constant voltage until the sodium ion battery is charged to a set constant voltage value. For example, if the voltage of the sodium ion battery is lower than the threshold value of the pre-stored voltage, the sodium ion battery is pre-stored by the energy storage cabinet 120, the pre-stored current is 400-490mA/min, the pre-charging time is 13-18min, the energy storage cabinet 120 performs cyclic heating treatment, and the temperature in the energy storage machine is controlled to be 38-46 ℃; the sodium ion battery is stored by using the energy storage cabinet 120 with constant current, the constant current is 4500-4800mA/min, and the constant current time is 12-14min; in the balanced energy storage stage, judging whether the difference value between the highest voltage and the lowest voltage of the single batteries in the sodium ion battery exceeds a balanced differential pressure threshold value, if so, performing energy transfer balanced energy storage until the voltage difference of each single battery is controlled within the range of the balanced differential pressure threshold value, performing circulating cooling treatment on an energy storage machine, and controlling the temperature in the energy storage machine to be 12-18 ℃; after the balanced energy storage is finished, the energy storage machine is used for storing the sodium ion battery with constant voltage, and the constant voltage is 3500-3900mA/min until the constant voltage is charged to a set constant voltage value.
For the charging strategy described in this embodiment, reference may be made to the technical solution described in the prior patent document (CN 113948761 a), so this embodiment will not be described in more detail.
Correspondingly, the first charging strategy is used for carrying out heating treatment on the sodium ion battery, so that the activity of the sodium ion battery is improved, the speed of entering the balance point of energy storage is increased, and the balance point is quickly reached; the second strategy charging strategy is an equilibrium energy storage stage, and the equilibrium energy storage stage is used for cooling treatment, so that the sodium ion battery is cooled to a stable state, and potential safety hazards are avoided when the sodium ion battery stores energy. Therefore, based on the charging phases corresponding to the charging strategies, the charging efficiency of each charging phase is different, and the resulting heating situation is also different, so in the prior art, it is unreasonable to control the output power of the cooling device of the cooling system 140, the fan unit and the like only according to the temperature data of the battery surface collected by the temperature sensor to regulate the temperature change situation of the sodium ion battery, and the distribution situation of the temperature data of the sodium ion battery surface is not considered, thereby affecting the service life of the sodium ion battery.
Preferably, the energy storage cabinet 120 is internally provided with a plurality of sodium ion battery modules 110, each sodium ion battery module 110 is stacked, the sodium ion battery modules 110 and the heat dissipation channels can be in a modularized structure, and the sodium ion battery modules 110 and the heat dissipation channels are integrally installed on a rack inside the energy storage cabinet 120, for example, a 19-inch rack can be arranged inside the energy storage cabinet 120, and then the sodium ion battery modules are installed on the rack.
A refrigerating system 140 connected to a plurality of heat exchange plates through pipes for transferring heat conducted from the heat dissipation channels to the outdoor atmosphere, wherein one heat exchange plate is installed between every two adjacent sodium ion battery modules 110;
specifically, in order to ensure the heat dissipation problem of the sodium ion battery in the charging process, a refrigerating system 140 is configured in the sodium ion battery energy storage device, and the refrigerating system 140 is connected with a plurality of heat exchange plates through pipelines, so that the heat generated by the sodium ion battery is conducted out of the pipelines through the heat exchange plates. The refrigeration principle of the refrigeration system 140 is that the heat transfer plate transfers heat conducted by the heat transfer plate from the heat dissipation air channel through the reciprocating circulation of the secondary refrigerant in the heat transfer plate and the system. The coolant may be a phase change or non-phase change coolant such as R134a, R22, R410a, water, glycol, cooling oil, and the like. The heat exchange plate is a heat conduction heat exchange device with a heat exchange flow passage inside, the heat exchange plate is made of metal materials, such as aluminum or copper materials, and a plurality of flow passages for circulating coolant are designed inside the heat exchange plate.
The control module 130 is configured to obtain battery capacities of the plurality of sodium ion batteries, determine total electric quantity of the current charging behavior of the energy storage cabinet 120 according to the battery capacities of the plurality of sodium ion batteries, generate charging time of the current charging behavior according to a charging policy, and divide the charging time according to the charging policy to obtain first charging time of each charging stage of the charging policy and charged electric energy; calculating the second charging time of each charging stage of the charging strategy according to the charging coefficient of the sodium ion battery and the current charging information, if the time difference value between the first charging time and the second charging time accords with a preset time threshold value, determining the energy loss of each charging stage according to the real-time electric quantity of each sodium ion battery and the input electric energy under the first charging time, and simulating the temperature data of each sodium ion battery according to the energy loss of each charging stage and the size information of the sodium ion battery; when the temperature data of any sodium ion battery is greater than the temperature threshold set by the refrigerating system, the output power of the refrigerating system 140 is regulated to dissipate heat of the sodium ion batteries, so that heat is dissipated through the heat dissipation channel.
Specifically, the control module 130 includes a Memory and a processor, where the Memory stores a computer program that can be loaded by the processor and execute the above-mentioned temperature data simulating the entire sodium ion battery, and the Memory includes a usb disk, a mobile hard disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a random access Memory (Random Access Memory, RAM), a magnetic disk or an optical disk, and other various storage media that can store program codes.
Wherein the charging coefficient is obtained by the steps of: acquiring historical charging data of a sodium ion battery; dividing unit electric quantity intervals according to historical charging data, and obtaining time required by charging each unit electric quantity interval of a sodium ion battery, and charging current and charging voltage of a current charging environment; calculating the product of time, charging current and charging voltage required by the sodium ion battery to charge each unit electric quantity interval as a sub-charging coefficient of the unit electric quantity interval; if the sub-charging coefficient does not change obviously with the electric quantity, taking the average value of the sub-charging coefficients as the charging coefficient.
Further, since the current charging information includes the charge amount percentage, the charging current and the charging voltage at the current time, how to estimate the second charging time of each charging stage of the charging strategy according to the charging information and the charging coefficient is a prior art for those skilled in the art, and will not be explained herein in detail.
Then, the control module 130 calculates a time difference between the first charging time and the second charging time, and determines whether the time difference meets a preset time threshold, where the preset time threshold is a range, for example, 1 to 3 minutes, or 1 to 5 minutes, because the energy density or the battery capacity of the sodium ion battery is affected due to the cyclic charging of the sodium ion battery, so if the sodium ion battery is charged by the energy storage cabinet 120, an overcharging phenomenon may occur in the sodium ion battery, and in this embodiment, whether the time difference between the first charging time and the estimated second charging time corresponding to the charging strategy is larger, for example, not within the preset time threshold range is considered, which indicates that the charging state of the sodium ion battery is abnormal, and the charging behavior of the sodium ion battery by the energy storage cabinet 120 needs to be interrupted, so as to avoid the occurrence of a thermal runaway phenomenon in the sodium ion battery due to continuous charging.
It should be understood herein that, for the first charging time and the second charging time described in this embodiment, the time difference value accords with the preset time threshold, and the energy loss of each charging stage is determined according to the real-time electric quantity of each sodium ion battery and the input electric energy at the first charging time. As a general knowledge, the temperature is the cumulative effect of heat under a certain period of time, so as long as each parameter of the sodium ion battery is in accordance with the condition of normal working conditions, for example, the energy density of the sodium ion battery is changed along with the increase of the charging times, so as to shorten the charging time, but the sodium ion battery still belongs to a battery which can be used normally, and no abnormal temperature rise condition occurs in the charging process, and the temperature is the normal temperature rise effect generated by the heat emitted in the normal charging process. Therefore, the second charging time of the embodiment is equivalent to the actual charging time of each charging stage of the preset charging strategy under the actual state of the simulated current sodium ion battery.
The second charging time is based on the charging coefficient and the current charging information of the sodium ion battery, and the meaning of the current charging information is described in the above embodiment, which is not described in detail herein, but the charging coefficient itself is a parameter for predicting the charging time of the battery. Therefore, in this embodiment, the judged time difference value between the first charging time and the second charging time accords with the preset time threshold value means that the charging time difference value of the sodium ion battery in the normal state is represented, and when the charging time difference value is in the preset time threshold value, it is indicated that the sodium ion battery cannot generate a large amount of heat in a short time in the charging process, so that the overall temperature rise condition of the battery is severe, the temperature of the energy storage cabinet is rapidly raised, and the condition of burning the charging equipment occurs. In summary, the first charging time and the second charging time in the embodiment are for preventing dangerous charging behavior caused by the abnormal state of the sodium ion battery, so as to avoid thermal runaway of the sodium ion battery caused by dangerous charging behavior.
Further, the real-time electric quantity of each sodium ion battery and the input electric energy are detected in real time under the first charging time to determine the energy loss of each charging stage, specifically, the energy loss in each charging stage can be determined by subtracting the real-time electric quantity from the input electric energy.
The temperature data of each sodium ion battery is simulated according to the size information of the energy loss sodium ion battery in the charging process, for example, a three-dimensional temperature distribution model of the sodium ion battery module 110 is constructed based on the size information of the sodium ion battery, so that the temperature data of the interior of each sodium ion battery is simulated, and the temperature change condition of the sodium ion battery from inside to outside in the charging process is represented. The heat dissipation of the plurality of sodium ion batteries by controlling the output power of the refrigeration system 140 according to the temperature data is a conventional technical means for those skilled in the art, and will not be described in detail herein.
In summary, in the embodiment, the total electric quantity charged by the present charging action of the energy storage cabinet 120 is determined by the remaining battery capacities of the plurality of sodium ion batteries, the charging time required by the present charging action is generated according to the charging strategy of the energy storage cabinet 120, the charging time is divided according to the charging strategy to obtain the first charging time of each charging stage of the charging strategy and the charged electric energy, further, the second charging time of each charging stage of the charging strategy is calculated by the charging coefficient of the sodium ion battery and the current charging information, if the difference value between the first charging time and the second charging time divided on the basis of the charging strategy meets the preset time threshold, the sodium ion battery is in a normal charging state, on the basis of the energy conservation mode, the energy loss in the charging process is determined according to the actual charging capacities of the plurality of sodium ion batteries and the inputted electric energy, the energy loss of each charging stage is determined according to the real-time electric quantity of each sodium ion battery and the inputted electric energy under the first charging time, the temperature data of each sodium ion battery is simulated according to the energy loss of each charging stage and the size information of the sodium ion battery, and the data of each sodium ion battery is calculated according to the reference formula: q=cm (t 2-t 1), where Q represents energy loss during charging of the sodium-ion battery, C represents specific heat capacity of the sodium-ion battery, M represents mass of the sodium-ion battery, t2 represents temperature data of each charging stage of the sodium-ion battery simulated, and t1 represents initial temperature of the sodium-ion battery, that is, ambient temperature.
The temperature data is used for accurately representing the overall temperature change condition of the sodium ion battery in the charging process, and regulating and controlling the output power of the refrigerating system 140 according to the temperature data timely carries out heat management on the sodium ion battery, so that the thermal runaway phenomenon of the sodium ion battery is avoided.
In one embodiment, the control module 130 is further configured to control the refrigeration system 140 to perform a first control mode to dissipate heat from each of the sodium-ion batteries when the temperature data is detected to be between a trigger temperature for thermal runaway of the sodium-ion batteries and a start temperature for thermal runaway; the first control mode is a heat dissipation mode corresponding to a triggering temperature of the sodium ion battery reaching thermal runaway, wherein the triggering temperature is smaller than the initial temperature; controlling the refrigeration system 140 to execute a second control mode to dissipate heat from each sodium ion battery between detecting that the temperature data is greater than the initial temperature of thermal runaway; the second control mode is a heat dissipation mode corresponding to thermal runaway of the sodium ion battery.
In this embodiment, since the internal/external short circuit and the overcharge of the sodium ion battery can cause the battery to have a thermal runaway phenomenon, the triggering temperature of the thermal runaway and the initial temperature of the thermal runaway are set in this embodiment, so as to realize the regulation and control of the safety behavior of the battery. Wherein the trigger temperature is the initial temperature at which the cell begins to abnormally generate heat, indicating that the interior of the cell has begun an exothermic reaction at this time, i.e., the time when the ARC detects significant heat generation within the cell. The onset temperature of thermal runaway reflects the overall thermal stability of the battery, i.e., a battery with a higher value of onset temperature of thermal runaway is more stable at high temperatures. Trigger temperature of thermal runaway of the battery, when the battery is at the trigger temperature, the battery is changed from slow temperature rise to fast temperature rise. The trigger temperature of thermal runaway of the battery is critical to evaluate the safety of the battery, and generally, batteries with higher trigger temperatures are more likely to pass abuse tests, such as heating or needling. The critical temperature at which the mild temperature rise and the abrupt temperature rise are separated is taken as the trigger temperature for thermal runaway.
In one embodiment, the control module 130 is further configured to determine, when the temperature data reaches the highest temperature of the thermal runaway of the sodium-ion battery, the position information of the sodium-ion battery affected by the thermal runaway of the sodium-ion battery according to the position information of the sodium-ion battery at the highest temperature.
In this embodiment, the highest temperature reached by the thermal runaway behavior of the battery is considered, and at this temperature, the thermal runaway behavior of the battery affects surrounding sodium ion batteries, so the position information of the highest temperature in the three-dimensional static temperature distribution model is the sodium ion battery corresponding to the thermal runaway behavior, so that the position information of the sodium ion battery affected by the thermal runaway behavior of the battery is determined, the positioning of abnormal temperature is ensured, the battery with the thermal runaway behavior can be conveniently replaced in time, and the situation that the battery burns or explodes in the charging process is avoided.
In one embodiment, the heat exchange plate comprises an inlet pipe, an inlet pipe branch pipe, an outlet pipe collecting pipe, an outlet pipe and a plurality of heat exchange flow channels for the secondary refrigerant to flow inside; the inlet pipe is communicated with the inlet pipe branch pipe, the outlet pipe is communicated with the outlet pipe header, and each heat exchange flow passage is connected between the inlet pipe branch pipe and the outlet pipe header; the secondary refrigerant enters through the inlet pipe, is split into each heat exchange flow channel at the pipe separating part of the inlet pipe, and is collected into the outlet pipe collecting pipe after heat exchange and is discharged from the outlet pipe.
Specifically, the heat exchange plate comprises an inlet pipe, an inlet pipe branch pipe, an outlet pipe collecting pipe, an outlet pipe and a plurality of heat exchange flow channels for the coolant to flow inside, wherein the heat exchange flow channels can be designed into a radiator type cascade structure, and the coolant flows and circulates in the cascade structure. The inlet pipe is communicated with the inlet pipe branch pipe, the outlet pipe is communicated with the outlet pipe header, and each heat exchange runner is connected between the inlet pipe branch pipe and the outlet pipe header. The secondary refrigerant enters the heat-conducting plate through the inlet pipe, is shunted to each heat-exchanging flow channel at the pipe-inlet and pipe-separating position, is collected into the outlet pipe header again after heat exchange, is discharged by the outlet pipe, and achieves the purpose of taking away the heat outside the heat-conducting plate through the heat-conducting and heat-exchanging mode in the process.
In this embodiment, the heat conduction refrigeration system 140 can be implemented in various forms, as long as the heat conducted by the heat conduction plate can be dissipated through the reciprocating cycle of the coolant, and three structures of the heat conduction refrigeration system 140 are listed below, which are described below:
in a first embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the refrigeration system 140 includes a liquid reservoir 1411, a circulation pump 1412, and an air-cooled heat exchanger 1413; the liquid reservoir 1411 is used for storing the secondary refrigerant and is provided with a liquid outlet and a liquid inlet; the circulating pump 1412 is connected between a liquid outlet of the liquid reservoir 1411 and a liquid inlet pipe of the heat exchange plate through a pipeline and is used for conveying the secondary refrigerant in the liquid reservoir 1411 to the heat exchange plate; the air-cooled heat exchanger 1413 is used for being installed outdoors, is connected between the outlet pipe of the heat exchange plate and the liquid inlet of the liquid reservoir 1411 through a pipeline, dissipates the coolant discharged by the heat exchange plate in an air-cooled mode, and stores the heat-dissipated coolant into the liquid reservoir 1411.
Specifically, the air-cooled heat exchanger 1413 may be a heat dissipating device composed of a copper-aluminum fin heat exchanger and a heat dissipating fan, so as to dissipate heat of the coolant inside the air-cooled heat exchanger 1413 in a manner of rapid convection of outdoor air. The first refrigeration system 140 is based on the use of natural heat dissipation, in which the heat of the sodium ion battery module 110 around the heat exchange plate is transferred to the outdoor air by heat conduction and heat transfer and natural heat dissipation of the air-cooled heat exchanger 1413.
However, when the charging strategy of the energy storage cabinet 120 is the second charging strategy, the energy storage cabinet 120 may generate more heat during the charging of the sodium-ion battery in a shorter time, and at this time, the heat dissipation problem of the sodium-ion battery cannot be completely solved by the natural heat dissipation system. Thus, in a second embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3, the refrigeration system 140 includes a liquid reservoir 1411, an expansion valve 1421, a compressor 1422, and an air-cooled heat exchanger 1413; the liquid reservoir 1411 is used for storing the secondary refrigerant and is provided with a liquid outlet and a liquid inlet; the expansion valve 1421 and the compressor 1422 are sequentially connected with the inlet pipe of the heat exchange plate; the air-cooled heat exchanger 1413 is used for being installed outdoors, is connected between the outlet pipe of the heat exchange plate and the liquid inlet of the liquid reservoir 1411 through a pipeline, performs air-cooled heat exchange on the secondary refrigerant discharged by the heat exchange plate, and stores the secondary refrigerant after heat exchange into the liquid reservoir 1411.
Specifically, the second refrigeration system 140 replaces the circulation pump 1412 with an expansion valve 1421 and a compressor 1422, which may now provide higher intensity refrigeration by way of mechanical refrigeration of the compressor 1422 in the form of a lithium battery energy storage device with the refrigeration system 140, as compared to the first. The expansion valve 1421 throttles the medium-temperature high-pressure liquid refrigerant into low-temperature low-pressure wet steam, and then the refrigerant absorbs heat in the evaporator to achieve the refrigerating effect, and the expansion valve 1421 controls the valve flow through the superheat change of the tail end of the evaporator to prevent the phenomenon of underutilization of the area of the evaporator and liquid impact.
In a third embodiment, the refrigeration system 140 includes a liquid reservoir 1411, a circulation pump 1412, a plate heat exchanger, a compressor 1422, an expansion valve 1421, and an air-cooled heat exchanger 1413; the liquid storage device 1411 is used for storing the secondary refrigerant, and is provided with a liquid outlet and a liquid inlet, and the liquid inlet is connected with the outlet pipe of the heat exchange plate through a pipeline; the circulating pump 1412 is connected between the liquid outlet of the liquid reservoir 1411 and the first side of the plate heat exchanger through a pipeline, and the first side of the plate heat exchanger is also connected with a pipe inlet of the heat exchange plate; the second side of the plate heat exchanger is connected with the expansion valve 1421, the air-cooled heat exchanger 1413 and the compressor 1422 in sequence to form a closed loop structure.
Specifically, the refrigeration system 140 of the present embodiment still uses the compressor 1422 as a mechanical refrigeration mode, but adds a plate heat exchanger as an intermediate heat exchange unit, which is beneficial to better control the temperature of the heat exchange plate position of the energy storage cabinet 120 according to actual needs.
In one embodiment, the battery management system is further electrically connected to the sodium ion battery module 110 and is configured to manage the states of charge of the plurality of sodium ion batteries plugged into the sodium ion battery module 110. Specifically, the battery management system BMS (Battery Management System ) is used for intelligently managing and maintaining the sodium ion battery module 110, preventing the battery module from being overcharged and overdischarged, prolonging the service life of the battery assembly, and monitoring the state of the battery, which is a conventional technical means for those skilled in the art, so that redundant description is not made.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A sodium ion battery energy storage module, comprising:
the sodium ion battery module is used for plugging a plurality of sodium ion batteries connected in series and/or in parallel, and a heat dissipation channel is arranged between every two adjacent sodium ion batteries;
the energy storage cabinet is used for acquiring the voltage state of the sodium ion battery module and charging the sodium ion battery module according to a preset charging strategy according to the voltage state;
the refrigerating system is connected with the heat exchange plates through pipelines and is used for transferring heat conducted by the heat exchange plates from the heat dissipation channels to the outdoor atmosphere, and one heat exchange plate is arranged between every two adjacent sodium ion battery modules;
the control module is used for obtaining the battery capacities of the sodium ion batteries, determining the total electric quantity of the current charging behavior of the energy storage cabinet according to the battery capacities of the sodium ion batteries, generating the charging time of the current charging behavior according to the charging strategy, and dividing the charging time according to the charging strategy to obtain the first charging time of each charging stage of the charging strategy and the charged electric energy; calculating the second charging time of each charging stage of the charging strategy according to the charging coefficient of the sodium ion battery and the current charging information, if the time difference value between the first charging time and the second charging time accords with a preset time threshold value, determining the energy loss of each charging stage according to the real-time electric quantity of each sodium ion battery and the input electric energy under the first charging time, and simulating the temperature data of each sodium ion battery according to the energy loss of each charging stage and the size information of the sodium ion battery; when the temperature data of any sodium ion battery is larger than the temperature threshold value set by the refrigerating system, the output power of the refrigerating system is regulated and controlled to dissipate heat of the sodium ion batteries, so that heat is dissipated through the heat dissipation channel.
2. The sodium ion battery energy storage module of claim 1, wherein the control module is further configured to control the refrigeration system to execute a first control mode to dissipate heat from each sodium ion battery when the temperature data is detected to be between a trigger temperature for thermal runaway of the sodium ion battery and a start temperature for thermal runaway; the first control mode is a heat dissipation mode corresponding to a triggering temperature of the sodium ion battery reaching thermal runaway, wherein the triggering temperature is smaller than the initial temperature;
when the temperature data is detected to be larger than the initial temperature of thermal runaway, controlling the refrigerating system to execute a second control mode to radiate heat of each sodium ion battery; the second control mode is a heat dissipation mode corresponding to thermal runaway of the sodium ion battery;
the output power of the second control mode is greater than the output power of the first control mode.
3. The sodium ion battery energy storage module of claim 2, wherein the control module is further configured to determine, when the temperature data is detected to reach a maximum temperature of the thermal runaway of the sodium ion battery, positional information of the sodium ion battery affected by the thermal runaway of the sodium ion battery according to positional information of the sodium ion battery at the maximum temperature using a three-dimensional static temperature distribution model.
4. The sodium ion battery energy storage module of claim 1, wherein the energy storage cabinet is further configured to execute a first charging strategy when detecting that the voltage of each sodium ion battery is lower than a pre-stored voltage threshold, wherein the first charging strategy is pre-stored energy charging and constant current charging;
when the difference value of the highest voltage and the lowest voltage of each sodium ion battery exceeds the balanced differential pressure threshold value, executing a second charging strategy to control the voltage difference of each sodium ion battery within the balanced differential pressure threshold value range, wherein the second charging strategy is a balanced energy storage stage;
after the second charging strategy is finished, the energy storage cabinet stores energy for the sodium ion battery at a constant voltage until the sodium ion battery is charged to a set constant voltage value.
5. The sodium ion battery energy storage module according to claim 1, wherein the heat dissipation channel is of a through hole structure, the sodium ion battery modules penetrate through the heat dissipation channel front and back, a plurality of sodium ion battery modules are installed in the energy storage cabinet, and the sodium ion battery modules are stacked.
6. The sodium ion battery energy storage module of claim 1, wherein the heat exchange plate comprises an inlet pipe, an inlet pipe branch pipe, an outlet pipe collecting pipe, an outlet pipe and a plurality of heat exchange flow channels for the coolant to flow inside; the inlet pipe is communicated with the inlet pipe branch pipe, the outlet pipe is communicated with the outlet pipe header, and each heat exchange flow passage is connected between the inlet pipe branch pipe and the outlet pipe header; the secondary refrigerant enters through the inlet pipe, is split into each heat exchange flow channel at the pipe separating part of the inlet pipe, and is collected into the outlet pipe collecting pipe after heat exchange and is discharged from the outlet pipe.
7. The sodium ion battery energy storage module of claim 6, wherein the refrigeration system comprises a liquid reservoir, a circulation pump and an air-cooled heat exchanger; the liquid storage device is used for storing the secondary refrigerant and is provided with a liquid outlet and a liquid inlet; the circulating pump is connected between a liquid outlet of the liquid reservoir and a liquid inlet pipe of the heat exchange plate through a pipeline and is used for conveying the refrigerating medium in the liquid reservoir to the heat exchange plate;
the air-cooled heat exchanger is used for being installed outdoors, is connected between the outlet pipe of the heat exchange plate and the liquid inlet of the liquid reservoir through a pipeline, dissipates heat of the secondary refrigerant discharged by the heat exchange plate in an air-cooled mode, and stores the heat-dissipated secondary refrigerant into the liquid reservoir.
8. The sodium ion battery energy storage module of claim 6, wherein the refrigeration system comprises a liquid reservoir, an expansion valve, a compressor, and an air-cooled heat exchanger; the liquid storage device is used for storing the secondary refrigerant and is provided with a liquid outlet and a liquid inlet; the expansion valve and the compressor are sequentially connected with the inlet pipe of the heat exchange plate; the air-cooled heat exchanger is used for being installed outdoors, is connected between the outlet pipe of the heat exchange plate and the liquid inlet of the liquid reservoir through a pipeline, performs air-cooled heat exchange on the secondary refrigerant discharged by the heat exchange plate, and stores the secondary refrigerant after heat exchange into the liquid reservoir.
9. The sodium ion battery energy storage module of claim 6, wherein the refrigeration system comprises a liquid reservoir, a circulation pump, a plate heat exchanger, a compressor, an expansion valve, and an air-cooled heat exchanger; the liquid storage device is used for storing the secondary refrigerant and is provided with a liquid outlet and a liquid inlet, and the liquid inlet is connected with the outlet pipe of the heat exchange plate through a pipeline; the circulating pump is connected between the liquid outlet of the liquid reservoir and the first side of the plate heat exchanger through a pipeline, and the first side of the plate heat exchanger is also connected with the inlet pipe of the heat exchange plate; the second side of the plate heat exchanger is sequentially connected with the expansion valve, the air-cooled heat exchanger and the compressor to form a closed loop structure.
10. The sodium ion battery energy storage module of claim 1, further comprising a battery management system electrically connected to the sodium ion battery module for managing the state of charge of the plurality of sodium ion batteries plugged by the sodium ion battery module.
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| DE4443015A1 (en) * | 1993-12-09 | 1995-06-14 | Aabh Patent Holdings | Temp. control system for rechargeable high temp. high power batteries |
| JP2002151166A (en) * | 2000-11-10 | 2002-05-24 | Japan Storage Battery Co Ltd | Method and device for temperature adjustment of secondary battery |
| CN106682288B (en) * | 2016-12-13 | 2020-07-07 | 清华大学 | Lithium ion battery overcharge thermal runaway modeling method |
| CN114725565A (en) * | 2022-03-29 | 2022-07-08 | 重庆金康赛力斯新能源汽车设计院有限公司 | High-temperature quick-charging cooling method, device, equipment and storage medium for lithium ion battery |
| CN114619925B (en) * | 2022-03-30 | 2023-08-25 | 重庆金康赛力斯新能源汽车设计院有限公司 | Low-temperature quick-charging heating method, device, equipment and storage medium for lithium ion battery |
| CN115276065A (en) * | 2022-07-29 | 2022-11-01 | 中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Energy storage system capacity configuration method, equipment and medium based on loss calculation |
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