CN116011154A - Urban catchment area division method based on road elevation - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a road elevation-based urban catchment area dividing method, which comprises the following steps: s1, dividing a first-level catchment area by urban topography and river channels; s2, calculating mutation points of the road elevation sequence, wherein the mutation points are divided into positive mutation points and negative mutation points; s3, dividing a secondary water collecting area by taking the positive mutation point as a demarcation point and taking a primary and secondary trunk as a boundary; s4, judging whether the negative mutation point is a water outlet or not according to the position relation between the negative mutation point and the river; s5, overlapping the surface type and street information, and finely dividing the three-level catchment area. The method is high in applicability, fully considers the influence of all urban terrains on the division of the catchment area, and improves the rationality of the division of the catchment area.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of municipal disaster prevention, relates to urban drainage, and particularly relates to a road elevation-based urban catchment area dividing method.
Background
The urban drainage model simulates and deducts an urban drainage system through a mathematical and physical method and an informatization technology, can carry out systematic analysis on various drainage services and application scenes, and can even give suggestions for further optimization of infrastructure construction, monitoring of the Internet of things, GIS management platform functions and the like.
And urban catchment area division is the basis for constructing an urban drainage model. The common catchment area dividing method can be divided into three types, namely, the catchment area is directly and manually divided according to a drainage pipe network, a building, a street and the like; secondly, dividing a catchment area according to the distribution of the rainwater wells by utilizing a Thiessen polygon technology; and thirdly, dividing a first-stage water collecting area according to the topography, and then dividing a second-stage even finer water collecting area by combining a Thiessen polygon technology.
The above-mentioned dividing methods all need drainage pipe network related data as the basis. After rainwater is stored and infiltrated on the ground surface, the produced flow can be converged on the ground surface in the catchment area and the catchment area, and the rainwater is converged into the pipe network through the rainwater inlet after entering the road network, and finally flows into the drainage river. If the urban drainage pipe network data cannot be collected, how to divide the urban catchment area according to the data such as roads is a problem to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a road elevation-based urban catchment area dividing method.
The invention solves the technical problems by the following technical proposal:
a city catchment area dividing method based on road elevation is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, dividing a first-level catchment area by urban topography and river channels;
s2, calculating mutation points of the road elevation sequence, wherein the mutation points are divided into positive mutation points and negative mutation points;
s3, dividing a secondary water collecting area by taking the positive mutation point as a demarcation point and taking a primary and secondary trunk as a boundary;
s4, judging whether the negative mutation point is a water outlet or not according to the position relation between the negative mutation point and the river;
s5, overlapping the surface type and street information, and finely dividing the three-level catchment area.
And the step S1 is to determine a water diversion line according to natural topography, and divide an urban area into a plurality of first-level catchment areas by taking the water diversion line and a main river as boundaries, wherein each first-level catchment area has independent catchment and drainage functions.
In addition, the step S2 adopts a Pettitt method and a sliding T test method to calculate the mutation points of the road elevation sequence, and determines the final mutation points according to actual conditions, and if the mutation points are at the peaks of the elevation sequence, the mutation points are positive mutation points; if the mutation point is in the trough of the elevation sequence, the mutation point is a negative mutation point.
And in the step S3, the drainage system in the urban area takes the drainage pipeline as a main part, the drainage pipeline is deeply buried at two sides of the road, the slope direction is assumed to be consistent with the road, the demarcation point of the next-stage catchment area is determined according to the positive mutation point, and then the divided first-stage catchment area is divided into the second-stage catchment area again by taking the urban main and secondary main road as a boundary.
In addition, each secondary water collecting area in the step S4 is an independent calculation unit, the water outlet is generally the lowest point of the local elevation, the negative mutation point is the trough of the elevation sequence, the condition of the lowest point of the local elevation is met, the road and the river channel are combined to further judge whether the water outlet is the water outlet, and if two positive mutation points are located between, namely, in a single secondary water collecting area, only one negative mutation point exists, the point is necessarily the water outlet; if two or even a plurality of negative mutation points exist, a water outlet is arranged closer to the river channel, and a plurality of water outlets can be arranged; when the water outlet cannot be directly connected with the river channel, the assumption that the drainage pipe network is consistent with the road slope direction is true, and the drainage pipe network can be prolonged to the river channel according to the road trend.
And the step S5 is to superimpose house, green land, working condition surface type and street information on the basis of the secondary catchment area division, further divide the corresponding secondary catchment area into three-level catchment areas, and when more detailed images and investigation data are provided, finely divide the catchment areas, such as houses into residential communities and shops, determine the upstream and downstream relation of adjacent catchment units according to the road elevation and water outlet position in the research area, thereby completing the urban catchment area division.
The invention has the advantages and beneficial effects that:
compared with the prior art, the urban catchment area dividing method based on the road elevation overcomes the problem that the catchment area divided only according to the natural topography is inconsistent with the actual situation in the urban area with the non-obvious height difference; on the basis of natural topography, the influence of ground feature elements such as water systems, roads, houses and the like on runoffs is fully considered, and the rationality of the division of the catchment area is improved; the method has good applicability to research areas with missing drainage pipe network data; is an accurate and universal method.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a technical roadmap of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the division of the primary catchment area according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph of the map of the high program list mutation points of the road according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the division of the secondary catchment area of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the division of the tertiary catchment area of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are intended to be illustrative only and not limiting in any way.
This embodiment will be described with reference to a region of Guangzhou city.
As shown in fig. 1, a road elevation-based urban catchment area dividing method is innovative in that: the method comprises the following steps:
1. the first-level catchment area is divided by urban terrain and river channels, as shown in fig. 2, and specifically comprises:
(1) Because the original data of the topography have the depressions with different sizes, the depressions influence the reasonable calculation of the water flow direction, and then influence the results of the boundary of the catchment area and the like. And filling the depressions in the digital elevation model to obtain the depression-free digital elevation model. The essence of filling is that the lowest elevation of 8 grids in the effective water flow direction around the central grid is compared and assigned to the filling unit grid;
(2) And determining an outlet of the river channel, finding a grid at the upstream of the outlet according to the water flow direction, and determining a primary water collecting area. The water flow direction is the direction leaving each grid mesh, the determining method comprises a single flow direction method and a multi-flow direction method, the flow direction calculation results of different algorithms are different, and the patent adopts a single flow direction D8 method. The D8 method is based on the assumption of one grid to one flow direction, the central grid is considered to only flow into 8 grids adjacent to the central grid, and finally the unit central distance with the largest height difference, namely the steepest gradient, is taken as an outflow grid, and two grid central connecting lines are the flow directions of the grids.
2. Calculating mutation points of the road elevation sequence, wherein the mutation points are divided into positive mutation points and negative mutation points, as shown in fig. 3, specifically comprising:
(1) Calculating mutation points of the road elevation sequence by respectively adopting a Pettitt method and a sliding T test method:
1) For an elevation sequence x with n sample sizes, a rank sequence is constructed:
wherein: k=2, 3, …, n;
wherein: j=1, 2, …, i;
rank sequence S k Is the cumulative number of the i position number greater or less than the j position number, the Pettitt method directly utilizes the rank sequence to detect the mutation point, if t 0 The position satisfies:
then t 0 The points are mutation points;
if P.ltoreq.0.5, the detected mutation points are considered statistically significant.
2) The sliding t-test is to examine mutations by examining whether the difference in the average of two sets of samples is significant. For an elevation sequence x with n sample sizes, a certain position is manually set as a datum point, and the two sub-sequences x before and after the datum point 1 And x 2 Respectively n samples 1 And n 2 Average value of two sub-sequences is
And->
Variance is->
And->
Defining statistics:
(2) Deleting the mutation points according to the actual situation, judging whether the mutation points are in peaks or troughs of the elevation sequence, and if the mutation points are in the peaks of the elevation sequence, determining that the mutation points are positive mutation points; if the mutation point is in the trough of the elevation sequence, the mutation point is a negative mutation point. The positive mutation points and the negative mutation points of a certain region in Guangzhou city are respectively 12 and 16.
3. The method for dividing the secondary catchment area by using the positive mutation points as demarcation points and the primary and secondary main roads and the river channels as boundaries specifically comprises the following steps: the drainage system in urban areas takes a drainage pipeline as a main part, and the drainage pipeline is deeply buried at two sides of a road, and the slope direction is assumed to be consistent with the road. And (3) taking the positive mutation point as a demarcation point, taking a main and secondary arterial road and a river channel of the city as boundaries, and dividing the divided primary water collecting region into secondary water collecting regions again, wherein 21 secondary water collecting regions are arranged in a certain region of Guangzhou city.
4. Each secondary water collecting area is an independent calculating unit, and the water outlet is generally the lowest point of the elevation. The negative mutation point is the trough of the elevation sequence, meets the condition of the lowest point of the local elevation, and further judges whether the water outlet is the water outlet or not by combining the road and the river channel, as shown in fig. 4. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) If there is only one negative mutation point between two positive mutation points, namely in a single secondary water collecting region, the point is necessarily a water outlet; if two or even more negative mutation points exist, the water outlet is closest to the river channel;
(2) When the water outlet cannot be directly connected with the river channel, the assumption that the drainage pipe network is consistent with the road slope direction is true, and the drainage pipe network can be prolonged to the river channel according to the road trend;
(3) Two secondary catchments across rivers and roads share a negative mutation point.
5. The catchment area is a hydrologic calculation unit, and the earth surface type has a great influence on hydrologic simulation calculation. Thus, the division of the catchment area must take into account the surface type, as shown in FIG. 5.
(1) On the basis of the division of the secondary water collecting areas, the corresponding secondary water collecting areas are further divided into three-level water collecting areas by taking ground surface types such as houses, greenbelts, working conditions and the like as boundaries;
(2) When the data of more detailed images, investigation and the like are provided, the catchment area can be finely divided, for example, houses are divided into residential communities, markets and the like;
(3) And finally, determining the upstream-downstream relation of adjacent catchment units according to the road elevation and the water outlet position in the research area, and completing urban catchment area division. The secondary catchment area of Guangzhou city with the area number 1 is divided into 14 tertiary catchment areas.
Although the embodiments of the present invention and the accompanying drawings have been disclosed for illustrative purposes, those skilled in the art will appreciate that: various substitutions, changes and modifications are possible without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention and the appended claims, and therefore the scope of the invention is not limited to the embodiments and the disclosure of the drawings.
Claims (6)
1. A city catchment area dividing method based on road elevation is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, dividing a first-level catchment area by urban topography and river channels;
s2, calculating mutation points of the road elevation sequence, wherein the mutation points are divided into positive mutation points and negative mutation points;
s3, dividing a secondary water collecting area by taking the positive mutation point as a demarcation point and taking a primary and secondary trunk as a boundary;
s4, judging whether the negative mutation point is a water outlet or not according to the position relation between the negative mutation point and the river;
s5, overlapping the surface type and street information, and finely dividing the three-level catchment area.
2. The urban catchment area division method based on road elevation according to claim 1, wherein: and step S1, determining a water diversion line according to natural topography, dividing an urban area into a plurality of primary catchment areas by taking the water diversion line and a main river as boundaries, wherein each primary catchment area has independent catchment and drainage functions.
3. The urban catchment area division method based on road elevation according to claim 1, wherein: step S2, calculating mutation points of the road elevation sequence by adopting a Pettitt method and a sliding T test method, determining final mutation points by combining actual conditions, and if the mutation points are at peaks of the elevation sequence, determining positive mutation points; if the mutation point is in the trough of the elevation sequence, the mutation point is a negative mutation point.
4. The urban catchment area division method based on road elevation according to claim 1, wherein: in the step S3, the drainage system in the urban area takes the drainage pipeline as a main part, the two sides of the road are deeply buried by the drainage pipeline, the slope direction is assumed to be consistent with that of the road, the demarcation point of the next-stage catchment area is determined according to the positive mutation point, and then the divided first-stage catchment area is divided into the second-stage catchment area again by taking the urban main and secondary main pipelines as boundaries.
5. The urban catchment area division method based on road elevation according to claim 1, wherein: in the step S4, each secondary water collecting area is an independent calculation unit, the water outlet is generally the lowest point of the local elevation, the negative mutation point is the trough of the elevation sequence, the condition of the lowest point of the local elevation is met, the road and the river channel are combined to further judge whether the water outlet is the water outlet, and if two positive mutation points are located between, namely, in a single secondary water collecting area, only one negative mutation point exists, the point is necessarily the water outlet; if two or even a plurality of negative mutation points exist, a water outlet is arranged closer to the river channel, and a plurality of water outlets can be arranged; when the water outlet cannot be directly connected with the river channel, the assumption that the drainage pipe network is consistent with the road slope direction is true, and the drainage pipe network can be prolonged to the river channel according to the road trend.
6. The urban catchment area division method based on road elevation according to claim 1, wherein: and step S5, on the basis of the division of the secondary catchment areas, overlapping house, green land, working condition surface types and street information, further dividing the corresponding secondary catchment areas into three-level catchment areas, and when more detailed images and investigation data are provided, finely dividing the catchment areas, such as houses into residential communities and markets, determining the upstream and downstream relation of adjacent catchment units according to the road elevation and the water outlet positions in the research areas, thereby completing the division of the urban catchment areas.
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| CN110232737A (en) * | 2019-05-13 | 2019-09-13 | 杭州师范大学 | A kind of city charge for remittance limited region dividing method |
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