CN116008828A - SOC calculation method, battery management system, energy storage system and electric vehicle - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses an SOC calculation method, a battery management system, an energy storage system and an electric vehicle, aiming at the problem of poor calculation precision of the existing SOC, the invention provides the following technical scheme, which comprises the steps of correcting and calibrating a full capacity value Qn of a battery; correcting and calibrating an initial value SOC (0) of the battery SOC; by means of
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of battery energy storage, in particular to an SOC calculation method, a battery management system, an energy storage system and an electric vehicle.
Background
SOC (State of Charge), i.e. the state of charge of the battery, refers to the ratio of the remaining capacity of the battery at a certain discharge rate to the rated capacity under the same conditions. This can be described by the following scale: soc= (remaining amount/rated amount) ×100%.
The charge state of the battery is one of important parameters of a battery management system, and is also the basis of charge and discharge control strategies and battery balance work of the whole automobile. The existing calculation of the battery SOC comprises a traditional open circuit voltage (SOC-OCV) pair representation method and a common ampere-hour integral pre-estimation method.
The traditional open circuit voltage (SOC-OCV) pair method is greatly influenced by the types of battery materials, the estimation accuracy is greatly different under different discharge multiplying powers, meanwhile, the estimation accuracy is also influenced by the battery temperature and the group effect, and the accurate estimation is difficult to meet the more accurate use requirement.
The ampere-hour integration method is to estimate the SOC of the battery based on the initial time SOC 0. The percentage of the changed electric quantity is calculated by calculating the integral of the charge-discharge current and the corresponding time in a certain time, and finally the difference between the initial SOC and the changed SOC, namely the residual electric quantity, is calculated, for example:
cmax is as follows: battery capacity (Ah)
Inow: current (A)
t: time of
However, the method only uses the current accumulation amount during the dynamic state of the battery as an SOC estimation basis, so that the influence of the self-discharge rate, the aging degree and the charge-discharge multiplying power of the battery on the SOC of the battery is ignored to a certain extent, the measurement error is accumulated and enlarged continuously after long-term use, the SOC0 at the initial moment is not easy to determine and has certain error in precision, the error is accumulated and increased along with the increase of time, and all the requirements on the accuracy of current measurement are very high. In addition, the error increases under the working condition of severe current fluctuation.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, a first object of the present invention is to provide an SOC calculating method, which has the advantage of more accurate SOC calculation.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
a SOC calculation method comprises
Correcting and calibrating the full capacity value Qn of the battery;
correcting and calibrating an initial value SOC (0) of the battery SOC;
by means of
And calculating the residual capacity of the battery, wherein n is the constant decay of the battery leaving the factory, i (t) is the charge and discharge current at the moment t, P is the discharge efficiency coefficient, k is the temperature coefficient, and s is the cyclic decay coefficient.
By adopting the technical scheme, when calculating the SOC, the full capacity Qn of the battery and the initial value SOC (0) of the SOC are corrected and calibrated, so that the calculation basis is more accurate, and meanwhile, the influences of the factory attenuation, the discharge efficiency coefficient, the temperature coefficient, the cyclic attenuation and the like of the battery are considered, the correction is comprehensively carried out, and the calculation accuracy is further improved.
Further, the correction and calibration of the full capacity value Qn of the battery comprises
Initial full capacity Qn Initial initiation If the temperature of the battery from the over-discharge state to the time after the over-charge protection is 20-30 ℃ and the temperature of the battery is finally cut off, the battery is initially full-capacity Qn Initial initiation Increasing a preset capacity value according to the temperature coefficient;
when the accumulated full capacity Qn is updated and the accumulated voltage difference of the battery is in a set range, if the accumulated current value in the charging process is larger than the set value Qn Setting up Updating the full capacity value Qn of the battery to the current set value Qn Setting up ；
Other full capacity Qn is updated, when the total voltage is larger than the set value U and the current is smaller than the set value I, the three conditions of continuous set time T are satisfied, and the capacity Qn is set Setting up And carrying out full-charge capacity updating.
Further, the correction and calibration of the full capacity value Qn of the battery comprises
The over-discharging state of the battery enables the over-charging state of the battery to reach 100 percent, and the process is carried out according to the formula
Learning to obtain the charge learning capacity of the battery;
if the obtained charge learning capacity is greater than 95% of the original charge full capacity, updating the charge full capacity to the design capacity at the moment;
if the obtained charge learning capacity is greater than 80% of the original charge full capacity and the pressure difference before and after charging is greater than an expected value, updating the charge full capacity to the current learning capacity at the moment;
in addition, the full capacity without equalization function in the constant voltage charging stage in the large current charging process is updated to the current learning capacity.
Further, performing correction calibration on the initial value SOC (0) of the battery SOC further includes correction after static placement:
standing for a preset time T after the battery is opened 0 Then, obtaining the SOC (v) corresponding to the current temperature and voltage through table lookup, if the SOC (v)>SOC (t), no correction is performed;
if SOC (v) < SOC (t), SOC (t) -SOC (v) =n is calculated, and SOC (t) -1% is then performed once per hour as an initial value SOC (0), and is performed N times in total.
Further, the correction calibration of the initial value SOC (0) of the battery SOC further includes correction at the time of dynamic charging:
obtaining battery charge T Setting up The voltage value after time is obtained by searching a dynamic charging voltage and capacity reference table to obtain the current SOC (r) value of the battery, and SOC (a) = [ SOC (r) = [ design capacity ]]/[Q(n)*1-(k+s)]；
If |soc (t) -SOC (a) | > =5, correcting the SOC (0), wherein the SOC (t) is the current SOC value;
the correction includes: if SOC (t) > SOC (a),
SOC(0)＝SOC(t)*[(SOC(t)-SOC(a))/(100-SOC(a))]，
if SOC (t) > SOC (a),
SOC(0)＝SOC(t)*[1+(SOC(t)-SOC(a))/(100-SOC(a))]。
in view of the shortcomings of the prior art, a second object of the present invention is to provide a battery management system having the advantage of accurate SOC calculation.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
a battery management system comprising a processor and a memory, the memory storing a set of instructions for the processor to call to implement the SOC calculation method as claimed in any of the above claims.
Aiming at the defects existing in the prior art, the third object of the invention is to provide an energy storage system which has the advantage of accurate calculation of the SOC.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
an energy storage system comprising a plurality of battery packs, and a battery management system according to any one of the above claims.
In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, a fourth object of the present invention is to emphasize the application of an energy storage system in an electric vehicle, so that SOC calculation of the electric vehicle is more accurate.
In summary, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the full capacity value of the battery is updated accurately under different conditions, so that the subsequent calculation is more accurate;
2. according to the actual size relation between the battery charging learning capacity and the full charging capacity, determining the actual full charging capacity value update, and correcting the full charging capacity value Qn more practically and accurately;
3. and special correction is carried out on static placement of the ternary battery cell, so that the initial value of the SOC of the ternary battery cell is calculated more accurately.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples.
The present embodiment is only for explanation of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the present invention, and modifications to the present embodiment, which may not creatively contribute to the present invention as required by those skilled in the art after reading the present specification, are all protected by patent laws within the scope of claims of the present invention.
Example 1
An SOC calculation method comprises calibrating full capacity value Qn of a battery, calibrating initial value SOC (0) of the battery, and using
And calculating the residual capacity of the battery, wherein n is the constant decay of the battery leaving the factory, i (t) is the charge and discharge current at the moment t, P is the discharge efficiency coefficient, k is the temperature coefficient, and s is the cyclic decay coefficient.
Wherein the correction and calibration of the full capacity value Qn of the battery comprises the initial full capacity Qn Initial initiation And accumulating full-capacity Qn updates, as well as other full-capacity Qn updates.
Specifically, an initial full capacity Qn Initial initiation The current value accumulated from the over-discharge state to the over-charge protection time of the battery, if the temperature of the final cut-off of the full charge capacity is outside 20-30 ℃, the full charge capacity Qn is initialized Initial initiation Increasing a preset capacity value according to the temperature coefficient;
the accumulated full capacity Qn is updated when the battery is accumulated and charged to a pressure difference lower than the overcharge pressure within a set range, if the accumulated current value during the charging process is greater than the set value Qn Setting up Updating the full capacity value Qn of the battery to the current set value Qn Setting up ；
Other full capacity Qn updating is to simultaneously meet three conditions that the total voltage is larger than a set value U, the current is smaller than a set value I and the set time T is continuous, and the full capacity Qn is set according to the set capacity Qn Setting up And carrying out full-charge capacity updating.
In addition, the correction and calibration of the full capacity value Qn of the battery also comprises the steps of firstly overcharging the battery in an overdischarge state to enable the SOC to reach 100%, wherein the process is carried out through a formula
And learning to obtain the charge learning capacity of the battery, and then discriminating the magnitude relation between the charge learning capacity and the full charge capacity.
Specifically, if the obtained charge learning capacity is greater than 95% of the original charge full capacity, the charge full capacity is updated to the design capacity at this time;
if the obtained charge learning capacity is greater than 80% of the original charge full capacity and the pressure difference before and after charging is greater than an expected value, updating the charge full capacity to the current learning capacity at the moment;
in addition, the full capacity without equalization function in the constant voltage charging stage in the large current charging process is updated to the current learning capacity.
More, aiming at the special situation that the ternary battery cell is placed statically, the initial value SOC (0) of the battery SOC is calibrated and calibrated, and the calibration after static placement further comprises the following steps:
standing for a preset time T after the battery is opened 0 Then, obtaining the SOC (v) corresponding to the current temperature and voltage through table lookup, if the SOC (v)>SOC (t), no correction is performed;
if SOC (v) < SOC (t), SOC (t) -SOC (v) =n is calculated, and SOC (t) -1% is then performed once per hour as an initial value SOC (0), and is performed N times in total.
Further, the calibration of the initial value SOC (0) of the battery SOC further includes the correction at the time of dynamic charging:
obtaining battery charge T Setting up The voltage value after time is obtained by searching a dynamic charging voltage and capacity reference table to obtain the current SOC (r) value of the battery, and SOC (a) = [ SOC (r) = [ design capacity ]]/[Q(n)*1-(k+s)]；
If |soc (t) -SOC (a) | > =5, correcting the SOC (0), wherein the SOC (t) is the current SOC value;
the correction includes: if SOC (t) > SOC (a),
SOC(0)＝SOC(t)*[(SOC(t)-SOC(a))/(100-SOC(a))]，
if SOC (t) > SOC (a),
SOC(0)＝SOC(t)*[1+(SOC(t)-SOC(a))/(100-SOC(a))]。
when correction starts, the frequency acquisition voltage of 1 second is subjected to table lookup by the program until the SOC (t) and the SOC (a) are equal (the SOC (t) and the SOC (a) are allowed to be reduced by 3 percent, namely, the difference value after the correction starts is reduced to be within 3, and direct replacement is allowed), the correction is finished, and the correction factor is not participated in SOC calculation any more.
In addition, the temperature coefficient (K) calculating method is to calculate the capacity proportionality coefficient with 25 ℃ according to the capacity test typical data in each ℃ under the constant temperature condition, and the single cell test data table is as follows:
the cyclic attenuation coefficient (S) is calculated by accumulating 95% of the primary charge capacity and 95% of the primary discharge capacity, and calculating a capacity proportionality coefficient according to the cycle number and the capacity attenuation, and generally referring to a cell manufacturer single cell test data table, for example:
the charge-discharge power coefficient (P) conversion method is that the full capacity is obtained by adopting the current of the actual current request size of the whole vehicle working condition at the initial 25 ℃ through the influence of different charge-discharge current sizes on the maximum charge-discharge capacity of the battery, then the full capacity is converted into the charge-discharge multiplying power capacity ratio of the battery compared with the theoretical design capacity, and finally the different multiplying power capacity ratio is made into a charge-discharge multiplying power capacity coefficient table, for example:
in addition, to further increase the accuracy of SOC calculation, the present embodiment also employs the following means:
1) And (3) voltage acquisition:
1. the front end chip requires to use an integrated chip with higher single-string sampling precision, and the error is preferably within +/-4 mV;
2. the sampling frequency between the battery strings is preferably within 500 uS;
3. the BMS in the cascade mode needs to calibrate single-string voltage, so that equipment acquisition errors are avoided;
4. the sampling circuit has an equalization function at the same time so as to improve the consistency of single strings of modules;
5. the program adds a voltage data filtering algorithm to improve the reliability of the voltage sampling data.
2) Current sampling:
1. the sampling resistor, the current divider and the Hall sensor are reasonably used according to the current range of the practical use working condition, so that the current acquisition precision in the continuous current range is ensured to be within +/-1% FS, and the maximum continuous current acquisition precision is simultaneously considered to be not more than +/-3% FS;
2. the temperature drift problem of the sampling resistor and the shunt is well treated (power redundancy, multi-path parallel connection, heat dissipation capacity increase, and temperature drift coefficient addition by a program are adopted for calculation);
3. the problem of current 0 drift in a static state is set reasonably (the effective current judgment threshold is improved reasonably according to the actual working condition, current detection within +/-0.5A is generally collected by other circuits, working condition current is more than +/-0.5A and is used for effectively calculating current of the SOC, so that the SOC calculation is prevented from being started by mistake due to the influence of invalid current);
4. and a current filtering algorithm is added in the program, so that the reliability of current sampling data is improved.
3) And (3) temperature sampling:
1. the stability of the circuit resistance of the temperature sampling circuit is improved, and the reliability of the NTC acquisition resistance is ensured;
2. the temperature sampling precision is improved, and the error is preferably within +/-1 ℃;
3. and a temperature filtering algorithm is added in the program, so that the reliability of temperature sampling data is improved.
4) Learning capacity: to improve the accuracy of the AH amount calculated by automatically accumulating the charge and discharge current in the direction of less than 1S according to the acquisition frequency under the working condition current, the accuracy of the initial value of the SOC and the current and temperature sampling is improved, the current sampling frequency is properly accelerated, and the accumulated amount of peak surge fluctuation current is optimally processed so as not to be scratched by the peak surge fluctuation current and not to lose the flow.
The SOC calculation method further comprises end SOC virtualization, and the end SOC virtualization is specifically divided into a charging end and a discharging end.
1. At the end of charging, when the real-time SOC (t) value reaches 95%, the full charge residual time is reversely pushed through the relation between the learning capacity and the current full capacity, the calculation of the formula is stopped, the capacity learning is reserved, the last 4% of SOC is evenly distributed according to the residual time, the last 4% of SOC is virtualized to the SOC (t), and when the full charge condition reaches, the SOC (t) is updated to 100%, so that the situation that misjudgment and SOC jump are caused to customers due to early or sudden 100% entering is prevented;
2. and at the discharge end, when the learning capacity is close to 5%, the full charge remaining time is reversely deduced through the relation between the learning capacity and the current full capacity, the last 5% of SOC is virtualized to the real-time SOC (t) according to the 5 times speed of the remaining time, and when the SOC (t) is 0%, the actual remaining 3% capacity of the battery is reserved for the whole vehicle to perform corresponding actions.
Example 2
A battery management system comprising a processor and a memory storing a set of instructions for the processor to call to implement the SOC calculation method as disclosed in embodiment 1.
Example 3
An energy storage system comprising a plurality of battery packs, and a battery management system as disclosed in example 2.
Example 4
An electric vehicle comprising an energy storage system as disclosed in embodiment 3.
The present embodiment is only for explanation of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the present invention, and modifications to the present embodiment, which may not creatively contribute to the present invention as required by those skilled in the art after reading the present specification, are all protected by patent laws within the scope of claims of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. An SOC calculation method, characterized in that: comprising
Correcting and calibrating the full capacity value Qn of the battery;
correcting and calibrating an initial value SOC (0) of the battery SOC;
by means of
Calculating the remaining capacity of the battery, wherein n is the leaving factory of the batteryFixed attenuation, i (t) is charge-discharge current at time t, P is discharge efficiency coefficient, k is temperature coefficient, and s is cyclic attenuation coefficient.
2. The SOC calculation method according to claim 1, wherein: correcting and calibrating the full capacity value Qn of the battery comprises
Initial full capacity Qn Initial initiation If the temperature of the battery from the over-discharge state to the time after the over-charge protection is 20-30 ℃ and the temperature of the battery is finally cut off, the battery is initially full-capacity Qn Initial initiation Increasing a preset capacity value according to the temperature coefficient;
when the accumulated full capacity Qn is updated and the accumulated voltage difference of the battery is in a set range, if the accumulated current value in the charging process is larger than the set value Qn Setting up Updating the full capacity value Qn of the battery to the current set value Qn Setting up ；
Other full capacity Qn is updated, when the total voltage is larger than the set value U and the current is smaller than the set value I, the three conditions of continuous set time T are satisfied, and the capacity Qn is set Setting up And carrying out full-charge capacity updating.
3. The SOC calculation method according to claim 1, wherein: correcting and calibrating the full capacity value Qn of the battery comprises
The over-discharging state of the battery enables the over-charging state of the battery to reach 100 percent, and the process is carried out according to the formula
Learning to obtain the charge learning capacity of the battery;
if the obtained charge learning capacity is greater than 95% of the original charge full capacity, updating the charge full capacity to the design capacity at the moment;
if the obtained charge learning capacity is greater than 80% of the original charge full capacity and the pressure difference before and after charging is greater than an expected value, updating the charge full capacity to the current learning capacity at the moment;
in addition, the full capacity without equalization function in the constant voltage charging stage in the large current charging process is updated to the current learning capacity.
4. A SOC calculation method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: correcting and calibrating the initial value SOC (0) of the battery SOC further comprises correcting after static placement:
standing for a preset time T after the battery is opened 0 Then, obtaining the SOC (v) corresponding to the current temperature and voltage through table lookup, if the SOC (v)>SOC (t), no correction is performed;
if SOC (v) < SOC (t), SOC (t) -SOC (v) =n is calculated, and SOC (t) -1% is then performed once per hour as an initial value SOC (0), and is performed N times in total.
5. A SOC calculation method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: calibration of the initial value SOC (0) of the battery SOC also includes correction during dynamic charging:
obtaining battery charge T Setting up The voltage value after time is obtained by searching a dynamic charging voltage and capacity reference table to obtain the current SOC (r) value of the battery, and SOC (a) = [ SOC (r) = [ design capacity ]]/[Q(n)*1-(k+s)]；
If |soc (t) -SOC (a) | > =5, correcting the SOC (0), wherein the SOC (t) is the current SOC value;
the correction includes: if SOC (t) > SOC (a),
SOC(0)＝SOC(t)*[(SOC(t)-SOC(a))/(100-SOC(a))]，
if SOC (t) > SOC (a),
SOC(0)＝SOC(t)*[1+(SOC(t)-SOC(a))/(100-SOC(a))]。
6. a battery management system, characterized by: comprising a processor and a memory storing a set of instructions for invocation by the processor to implement the SOC calculation method as claimed in any of claims 1 to 5.
7. An energy storage system, characterized by: comprising a number of battery packs and a battery management system as claimed in claim 6.
8. The energy storage system of claim 7 applied to an electric vehicle.
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