CN115999588A - Preparation method and application of nanoparticle heterojunction visible light catalyst - Google Patents

Preparation method and application of nanoparticle heterojunction visible light catalyst Download PDF

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CN115999588A
CN115999588A CN202211403270.8A CN202211403270A CN115999588A CN 115999588 A CN115999588 A CN 115999588A CN 202211403270 A CN202211403270 A CN 202211403270A CN 115999588 A CN115999588 A CN 115999588A
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mixed solution
agcl
heterojunction photocatalyst
preparation
nanoparticle heterojunction
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鲁金凤
胡家琦
倪琳洁
毛洁
杨玥
李珊珊
王艺霏
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Nankai University
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/30Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies
    • Y02W10/37Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies using solar energy

Abstract

The invention discloses a nanoparticle heterojunction photocatalyst Bi 4 V 2 O 11 The preparation method of the Ag/AgCl comprises the following steps: bi (NO) 3 ) 3 ·5H 2 O、NH 4 VO 3 And urea is dissolved in glycol aqueous solution, the pH value of the obtained mixed solution is regulated to 8.0-10.0 by dilute ammonia water, and then the mixed solution is transferred into a reaction kettle for hydrothermal synthesis, and after natural cooling, deionized water and ethanol are used for alternately washing and drying, the Bi is obtained 4 V 2 O 11 A powder; bi is mixed with 4 V 2 O 11 Powder, naCl and AgNO 3 Sequentially adding the nano-particle heterojunction photocatalyst into ultrapure water, stirring to obtain a mixed solution, irradiating the mixed solution with a 300W xenon lamp for 45-60min, centrifuging to obtain a precipitate, washing and drying to obtain the nano-particle heterojunction photocatalyst, wherein the rate of photo-generated electron-hole recombination can be reduced, the preparation method is simple, and the prepared catalyst has high catalytic efficiency.

Description

Preparation method and application of nanoparticle heterojunction visible light catalyst
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of environmental remediation and pollution control, and in particular relates to Bi 4 V 2 O 11 A preparation method and application of an Ag/AgCl nanoparticle heterojunction photocatalyst are provided, wherein the catalyst is used for removing antibiotics remained in a water body under visible light.
Background
In recent years, antibiotics, personal care products and other pharmaceutical toxic organic chemicals are frequently detected in water environments. However, many studies have reported that antibiotics, particularly tetracyclines, are frequently detected in sewage treatment plants, and it is difficult to effectively remove these emerging contaminants by conventional sewage treatment processes due to long-term stability and low biodegradability, so that it is necessary to find a suitable water restoration technology and thus an effective way to deeply treat residual antibiotics in water environments.
On one hand, the photocatalysis technology has the advantages of mild reaction conditions, low energy consumption, less secondary pollution and the like, plays an important role in the treatment of water environment pollutants, but the problems of too fast photo-generated electron-hole recombination rate, insufficient oxidizing capacity and the like severely restrict the development prospect; on the other hand, the metal nano particles as the cocatalyst can induce a metal plasma induction effect, so that the charge separation efficiency is improved, the light absorption capacity of the material is improved, and the material can be introduced into the field of photocatalysis to effectively remove organic pollutants difficult to degrade, but the problems of low instability of the metal nano particles, dissolution of metal ions and the like exist. Therefore, if the photocatalysis technology and the metal nano particles can be coupled, the visible light absorption range can be increased, the rate of photo-generated electron-hole recombination can be reduced, and the degradation performance of pollutants is greatly improved.
As a typical Bi-based photocatalyst, bi 4 V 2 O 11 Has good photocatalytic performance, however, is formed byThe light absorption capacity is limited, the composite speed of photo-generated charges is high, and Bi is limited 4 V 2 O 11 And if Bi is to be used widely 4 V 2 O 11 The heterojunction formed by the semiconductor with a proper energy band structure can greatly reduce the recombination efficiency of photo-generated electrons and holes, thereby improving Bi 4 V 2 O 11 Is used for the catalytic performance of the catalyst.
The invention application of application number 202011474708.2 discloses a Bi which has simple process and high efficiency and is beneficial to industrial production 4 V 2 O 11 /BiVO 4 Heterojunction photocatalyst and application of the heterojunction photocatalyst in degradation of rhodamine B as an organic pollutant. The Bi is obtained by a hydrothermal method 4 V 2 O 11 /BiVO 4 The heterojunction photocatalyst uses visible light as a light source to degrade rhodamine B. However, the catalyst is not easy to control the formation of the catalyst particle size in the synthesis process, and aggregation of particles can easily occur, so that photo-generated electron-hole pairs are easy to recombine, and the number of active sites of the catalyst is reduced and the catalytic efficiency is reduced.
The invention application No. 201710290817.0 discloses a method for preparing CdS/Bi with low energy consumption 4 V 2 O 11 The invention relates to a method for preparing CdS/Bi by adopting a two-step solvothermal method by a heterojunction photocatalyst 4 V 2 O 11 The heterojunction photocatalyst can be used for degrading rhodamine B by regulating the molar ratio of the two parts to examine the catalytic activity of the prepared photocatalyst. But the surface charge transfer efficiency of the material is not high.
The invention application with the application number of 202010721850.6 discloses Bi 4 V 2 O 11 /g-C 3 N 4 Heterojunction photocatalyst, preparation method and application thereof, and Bi is prepared by in-situ hydrothermal method 4 V 2 O 11 /g-C 3 N 4 Heterojunction photocatalysts can be used for CO 2 Is a catalytic reduction of (a). However, the preparation method of the material is complex, and the required catalytic reduction time is long. In addition, different environments have great influence on the activity of the catalyst, and the catalyst is used in the following conditionsAgglomeration is easier to occur in water environment, and the application difficulty is higher.
Therefore, the research and development of the metal nanoparticle heterojunction photocatalyst which is simple in preparation method, can be applied to water environment, can control and prepare proper particle size, can improve the transfer efficiency of photo-generated electrons and inhibit the recombination of electron hole pairs, and can rapidly and efficiently degrade organic pollutant pollutants is a problem to be solved by the technicians in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a simple and easy method for improving Bi 4 V 2 O 11 Can simultaneously maintain Bi for efficiently and rapidly degrading pollutants 4 V 2 O 11 Preparation method and application of Ag/AgCl nanoparticle heterojunction photocatalyst.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
bi (Bi) 4 V 2 O 11 The preparation method of the Ag/AgCl nanoparticle heterojunction photocatalyst comprises the following steps:
(1) Bi (NO) 3 ) 3 ·5H 2 O、NH 4 VO 3 And urea are dissolved in aqueous solution to obtain mixed solution 1, the pH value of the obtained mixed solution 1 is regulated to 8.0-10.0 by using dilute ammonia water, then the mixed solution 1 is transferred into a reaction kettle to carry out hydrothermal synthesis, and after natural cooling, the mixed solution 1 is alternately washed by deionized water and ethanol and dried to obtain Bi 4 V 2 O 11 A powder;
(2) The Bi obtained is 4 V 2 O 11 Powder, naCl and AgNO 3 Sequentially adding into ultrapure water, stirring to obtain mixed solution 2, irradiating the mixed solution 2 with 300W xenon lamp, centrifuging to obtain precipitate, alternately washing with deionized water and ethanol, oven drying, naturally cooling, and collecting Bi 4 V 2 O 11 Ag/AgCl nanoparticle heterojunction photocatalyst.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the Bi is prepared by a hydrothermal method and a photo-reduction method synthesis method 4 V 2 O 11 /AThe g/AgCl nanoparticle heterojunction photocatalyst has the advantages of simple synthesis method, high electron transfer efficiency in the catalyst and wide visible light absorption range.
2. Bi of the present invention 4 V 2 O 11 The Ag/AgCl nanoparticle heterojunction photocatalyst has excellent catalytic activity in the degradation process of high-concentration tetracycline solution (40 mg/L), and can achieve the removal efficiency of more than 83% in 80 minutes.
Further, in the step (1), bi (NO) is added per 90-100mL of the ethylene glycol aqueous solution 3 ) 3 ·5H 2 O3.75-3.90g,NH 4 VO 3 0.45-0.60g, 0.75-1.00g of urea, and the concentration of the glycol aqueous solution is 0.1-0.20mol/L.
The beneficial effects of adopting the further technical scheme are as follows: increasing the adhesion of the solution makes it easier for the material to form defects.
Further, in the step (1), the concentration of the aqueous solution of diluted ammonia is 1-3mol/L, and the pH is adjusted to 8.0-10.0.
The beneficial effects of adopting the further technical scheme are as follows: and adjusting the pH value of the solution and changing the crystal face structure.
In the step (1), the temperature of the hydrothermal synthesis is 160-180 ℃, and the time of the hydrothermal synthesis is 10-12h.
In the step (1), the mixture is naturally cooled to below 60 ℃, and is alternately washed for 3-4 times by deionized water and ethanol, wherein the drying temperature is 60-80 ℃, and the drying time is 8-12 hours.
Further, in the step (2), bi is added into every 50-60mL of water 4 V 2 O 11 0.30-0.45g,NaCl0.025-0.04g,AgNO 3 0.075-0.09g。
Further, in the step (2), the Bi described above 4 V 2 O 11 The concentration of the solution is 0.5-0.8g/L.
The beneficial effects of adopting the further technical scheme are as follows: proper amount of Bi 4 V 2 O 11 Doping is favorable to Bi 4 V 2 O 11 Close contact with AgCl interface to accelerate Bi 4 V 2 O 11 Ag/AgCl nanoparticle heterojunctionAnd the electron transmission of the part reduces the recombination rate of photo-generated electron hole pairs.
In the step (2), the irradiation time of the 300W xenon lamp is 45-60min.
Further, in the step (2), the precipitate obtained by the centrifugation is alternately washed with deionized water and ethanol for 3-4 times, the drying temperature is 60-80 ℃, and the drying time is 8-12 hours.
The invention also provides the Bi 4 V 2 O 11 The application of the Ag/AgCl nanoparticle heterojunction photocatalyst in degrading antibiotics in a visible light system is applied to the catalytic degradation of antibiotics such as tetracycline, ciprofloxacin and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 Bi in example 1 4 V 2 O 11 TEM image (a) of AgCl, TEM image (b) of Bi 4 V 2 O 11 TEM image (c) and HRTEM image (d) of Ag/AgCl;
FIG. 2 uses Bi from example 2 4 V 2 O 11 And Bi (Bi) 4 V 2 O 11 The removal efficiency of the Ag/AgCl nanoparticle heterojunction photocatalyst to TC;
FIG. 3 Bi in example 3 4 V 2 O 11 AgCl and Bi 4 V 2 O 11 XRD pattern of Ag/AgCl;
FIG. 4 Bi in example 4 4 V 2 O 11 And Bi (Bi) 4 V 2 O 11 Ultraviolet visible diffuse reflection absorption spectrum of Ag/AgCl.
Detailed Description
The following description of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clear and complete, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Example 1
Bi 4 V 2 O 11 Preparation method of Ag/AgCl nanoparticle heterojunction photocatalystA method comprising the steps of:
(1) Will be 3.75gBi (NO 3 ) 3 ·5H 2 O、0.45gNH 4 VO 3 And 0.85g of urea is dissolved in glycol aqueous solution with the concentration of 0.1mol/L to obtain a mixed solution 1, the pH value of the obtained mixed solution 1 is regulated to 8.0 by dilute ammonia water with the concentration of 1mol/L, the mixed solution 1 is transferred into a reaction kettle to be subjected to 160 ℃ hydrothermal synthesis for 12h, and after natural cooling, deionized water and ethanol are used for washing for 3 times alternately, and the mixture is dried for 12h at 60 ℃ to obtain Bi 4 V 2 O 11 A powder;
(2) Will be 0.30gBi 4 V 2 O 11 Powder, 0.025gNaCl and 0.075gAgNO 3 Sequentially adding into ultrapure water, stirring to obtain mixed solution 2, irradiating the mixed solution 2 with 300W xenon lamp for 45min, centrifuging to obtain precipitate, alternately washing with deionized water and ethanol for 3 times, and oven drying at 60deg.C for 12 hr to obtain Bi 4 V 2 O 11 Ag/AgCl nanoparticle heterojunction photocatalyst.
For Bi prepared in the step (1) 4 V 2 O 11 Powder and Bi prepared in step (2) 4 V 2 O 11 TEM characterization of Ag/AgCl nanoparticle heterojunction photocatalyst, as can be seen from FIG. 1, bi was prepared 4 V 2 O 11 The powder is of a spherical structure formed by nano sheets, the AgCl is of a nano sheet structure, and the Bi is as follows 4 V 2 O 11 Bi is clearly observed in the Ag/AgCl composite material 4 V 2 O 11 Is 0.312nm. The ultrathin two-dimensional heterostructure is beneficial to accelerating Bi 4 V 2 O 11 Electron transport inside the/Ag/AgCl heterojunction reduces the photo-generated electron hole recombination rate.
Example 2
Bi 4 V 2 O 11 The preparation method of the Ag/AgCl nanoparticle heterojunction photocatalyst comprises the following steps:
(1) Will be 3.80gBi (NO 3 ) 3 ·5H 2 O、0.50gNH 4 VO 3 And 0.90g of urea was dissolved in an aqueous glycol solution having a concentration of 0.13mol/L to obtain a mixed solution 1, and the pH value of the obtained mixed solution 1 was adjusted to a concentration of2mol/L dilute ammonia water is regulated to 9.0, then the mixed solution 1 is transferred into a reaction kettle to be subjected to hydrothermal synthesis at 170 ℃ for 11 hours, naturally cooled, alternately washed with deionized water and ethanol for 3 times, and dried at 70 ℃ for 10 hours to obtain Bi 4 V 2 O 11 A powder;
(2) Will be 0.35gBi 4 V 2 O 11 Powder, 0.030g NaCl and 0.080g AgNO 3 Sequentially adding into ultrapure water, stirring to obtain mixed solution 2, irradiating the mixed solution 2 with 300W xenon lamp for 50min, centrifuging to obtain precipitate, alternately washing with deionized water and ethanol for 3 times, and oven drying at 70deg.C for 10 hr to obtain Bi 4 V 2 O 11 Ag/AgCl nanoparticle heterojunction photocatalyst.
Bi prepared in the step (2) is reacted with 4 V 2 O 11 A/Ag/AgCl nanoparticle heterojunction photocatalyst was used to degrade Tetracyclines (TC). 50mL of TC solution prepared at 40mg/L is placed in a photoreaction device, and 20mg of Bi is added 4 V 2 O 11 The reaction of the Ag/AgCl nano particles is carried out for 30min under the dark condition to reach adsorption balance, a 300W xenon lamp is used for simulating visible light, sampling is carried out every 5min after the lamp is turned on to determine the TC residual concentration, and the TC degradation effect under the visible light condition within 80 min is shown in figure 2. Compared with Bi 4 V 2 O 11 ,Bi 4 V 2 O 11 The degradation performance of the Ag/AgCl photocatalytic material is obviously improved, the degradation rate of TC can reach 83%, and Bi 4 V 2 O 11 The degradation rate of (2) is only 21%. The above results indicate that Bi 4 V 2 O 11 The Ag/AgCl nanoparticle heterojunction photocatalyst has good degradation capability, and can degrade pollutants rapidly and efficiently.
Example 3
Bi 4 V 2 O 11 The preparation method of the Ag/AgCl nanoparticle heterojunction photocatalyst comprises the following steps:
(1) Will be 3.85gBi (NO 3 ) 3 ·5H 2 O、0.55gNH 4 VO 3 And 0.95g of urea was dissolved in an aqueous ethylene glycol solution having a concentration of 0.15mol/L to obtain a mixed solution 1, the pH of the obtained mixed solution 1 was adjusted to 9.5 with a diluted aqueous ammonia having a concentration of 2mol/L, and the mixed solution was further dissolvedTransferring the solution 1 into a reaction kettle, performing hydrothermal synthesis at 170 ℃ for 11 hours, naturally cooling, alternately washing with deionized water and ethanol for 3 times, and drying at 70 ℃ for 10 hours to obtain Bi 4 V 2 O 11 A powder;
(2) Will be 0.40gBi 4 V 2 O 11 Powder, 0.035g NaCl and 0.085g AgNO 3 Sequentially adding into ultrapure water, stirring to obtain mixed solution 2, irradiating the mixed solution 2 with 300W xenon lamp for 55min, centrifuging to obtain precipitate, alternately washing with deionized water and ethanol for 3 times, and oven drying at 70deg.C for 10 hr to obtain Bi 4 V 2 O 11 Ag/AgCl nanoparticle heterojunction photocatalyst.
For Bi prepared in the step (1) 4 V 2 O 11 Powder and Bi prepared in step (2) 4 V 2 O 11 XRD characterization of the Ag/AgCl nanoparticle heterojunction photocatalyst, as can be seen from FIG. 3, bi 4 V 2 O 11 Is consistent with standard card (JCPSDSNo. 42-0135), indicating Bi 4 V 2 O 11 The nano material is successfully prepared. For Bi 4 V 2 O 11 The apparent diffraction peaks of AgCl characteristic were observed at the 2 theta = 27.8 °, 57.5 °, 67.6 ° positions, indicating that the AgCl was successfully incorporated into Bi 4 V 2 O 11 Is a kind of medium.
Example 4
Bi 4 V 2 O 11 The preparation method of the Ag/AgCl nanoparticle heterojunction photocatalyst comprises the following steps:
(1) Will 3.90gBi (NO 3 ) 3 ·5H 2 O、0.60gNH 4 VO 3 And 1.0g of urea is dissolved in glycol aqueous solution with the concentration of 0.20mol/L to obtain a mixed solution 1, the pH value of the obtained mixed solution 1 is regulated to 10.0 by dilute ammonia water with the concentration of 3mol/L, the mixed solution 1 is transferred into a reaction kettle to be subjected to hydrothermal synthesis at 180 ℃ for 10 hours, deionized water and ethanol are used for washing for 3 times alternately after natural cooling, and the Bi is obtained by drying at 80 ℃ for 8 hours 4 V 2 O 11 A powder;
(2) Will be 0.45gBi 4 V 2 O 11 Powder, 0.040gNaCl and 0.090gAgNO 3 Sequentially addingStirring in ultrapure water to obtain mixed solution 2, irradiating the mixed solution 2 with 300W xenon lamp for 60min, centrifuging to obtain precipitate, alternately washing with deionized water and ethanol for 3 times, and oven drying at 80deg.C for 8 hr to obtain Bi 4 V 2 O 11 Ag/AgCl nanoparticle heterojunction photocatalyst.
For Bi prepared in the step (1) 4 V 2 O 11 Powder and Bi prepared in step (2) 4 V 2 O 11 The ultraviolet visible diffuse reflection absorption spectrum of the Ag/AgCl nanoparticle heterojunction photocatalyst is shown in figure 4. With Bi 4 V 2 O 11 In comparison with Bi 4 V 2 O 11 The Ag/AgCl nanoparticle heterojunction photocatalyst has better light absorption capacity.

Claims (6)

1. Bi (Bi) 4 V 2 O 11 The preparation method of the Ag/AgCl nanoparticle heterojunction photocatalyst comprises the following steps:
(1) Bi (NO) 3 ) 3 ·5H 2 O、NH 4 VO 3 And urea are dissolved in glycol aqueous solution to obtain mixed solution 1, the pH value of the obtained mixed solution 1 is regulated to 8.0-10.0 by dilute ammonia water, then the mixed solution 1 is transferred into a reaction kettle for hydrothermal synthesis, and after natural cooling, the mixed solution 1 is alternately washed by deionized water and ethanol and dried to obtain Bi 4 V 2 O 11 A powder;
(2) The Bi obtained is 4 V 2 O 11 Powder, naCl and AgNO 3 Sequentially adding into ultrapure water, stirring to obtain mixed solution 2, irradiating the mixed solution 2 with 300W xenon lamp, centrifuging to obtain precipitate, alternately washing with deionized water and ethanol, oven drying, naturally cooling, and collecting Bi 4 V 2 O 11 Ag/AgCl nanoparticle heterojunction photocatalyst.
2. A Bi according to claim 1 4 V 2 O 11 The preparation method of the Ag/AgCl nanoparticle heterojunction photocatalyst is characterized in that in the step (1), the concentration of the dilute ammonia water is 1-3mol/L, and the pH is regulated to be the same as that of the dilute ammonia water8.0-10.0。
3. A Bi according to claim 1 4 V 2 O 11 The preparation method of the Ag/AgCl nanoparticle heterojunction photocatalyst is characterized in that in the step (2), the irradiation time of the 300W xenon lamp is 45-60min.
4. A Bi according to claim 1 4 V 2 O 11 The preparation method of the Ag/AgCl nanoparticle heterojunction photocatalyst is characterized in that in the step (2), ag/AgCl accounts for 15-35% of the total weight of the catalyst, and the balance is Bi 4 V 2 O 11
5. A Bi according to claim 1 4 V 2 O 11 The preparation method of the Ag/AgCl nanoparticle heterojunction photocatalyst is characterized in that the Bi 4 V 2 O 11 The particle size of the Ag/AgCl nanoparticle heterojunction photocatalyst is 3-10nm.
6. Bi (Bi) 4 V 2 O 11 Bi prepared by preparation method of Ag/AgCl nanoparticle heterojunction photocatalyst 4 V 2 O 11 The application of the Ag/AgCl nanoparticle heterojunction photocatalyst in degrading organic pollutants is characterized in that the photocatalyst is applied to catalytic degradation of antibiotics such as tetracycline, ciprofloxacin and the like.
CN202211403270.8A 2022-11-10 2022-11-10 Preparation method and application of nanoparticle heterojunction visible light catalyst Pending CN115999588A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN116673046A (en) * 2023-05-08 2023-09-01 中国兵器科学研究院宁波分院 Preparation device and preparation method of composite photocatalyst

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN116673046A (en) * 2023-05-08 2023-09-01 中国兵器科学研究院宁波分院 Preparation device and preparation method of composite photocatalyst
CN116673046B (en) * 2023-05-08 2023-12-26 中国兵器科学研究院宁波分院 Preparation device and preparation method of composite photocatalyst

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