CN115995285A

CN115995285A - Method, system, device and readable storage medium for pre-anesthesia access

Info

Publication number: CN115995285A
Application number: CN202211362570.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李文献
Original assignee: Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University
Current assignee: Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University
Priority date: 2022-11-02
Filing date: 2022-11-02
Publication date: 2023-04-21

Abstract

The invention provides a pre-anesthesia access method, which comprises the following steps: acquiring basic information of a patient, wherein the basic information comprises medical record information; collecting airway information of a patient, wherein the airway information comprises at least one of head and neck characteristic information, airway and neck operation history information, tooth oral cavity information and glottis information; and analyzing and evaluating the airway information, and forming a first anesthesia preoperative visit report according to the basic information and the airway information. According to the invention, the basic information and the airway information of the patient are automatically acquired by the method, so that the acquisition time is shortened, and the acquisition efficiency is improved; the acquired basic information and airway information of the patient are used for forming a personalized pre-anesthesia visit report, so that the safety of the patient is ensured to the greatest extent, and the anesthesia quality is improved. The invention also discloses a pre-anesthesia access system, equipment and a readable storage medium.

Description

Method, system, device and readable storage medium for pre-anesthesia access

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of electronic medical treatment, in particular to a method, a system, equipment and a readable storage medium for access before anesthesia operation.

Background

Before the general anesthesia is carried out on the patient, the anesthesiologist goes to each disease area, comprehensively knows and evaluates the condition of the patient, makes a specific anesthesia scheme, predicts and prevents possible perioperative complications in advance, eliminates stress anxiety of the patient, and establishes a good doctor-patient relationship, and the process is called pre-anesthesia visit.

At present, in the process of visit before anesthesia operation, the anesthesiologist comprehensively collects basic information and airway information of each patient, and the time consumption is high, and the efficiency is low. In the process of visiting before anesthesia, an anesthesiologist may have the problem of incomplete information acquisition of patients in order to save time, so that some patients with normal appearance may have accidents such as incapacitation and even poor anesthesia after anesthesia (namely general anesthesia) by intubation.

In the process of the anesthesia preoperative visit, the problems that the efficiency of the anesthesiologist for collecting the basic information and the airway information of the patient is low, and the physical information related to anesthesia of each patient cannot be comprehensively collected, so that the occurrence of accidents is caused exist.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide an anesthetic preoperative visit method, which improves the collection efficiency by automatically collecting patient information such as airway information instead of manual collection, and provides a standardized anesthetic preoperative visit report according to the collected patient information such as basic information and airway information so as to provide preoperative evaluation reference for clinical anesthesia. The method solves the problems that the efficiency of the anesthesiologist to collect the basic information and the airway information of the patient is low, and the physical information related to anesthesia of each patient cannot be comprehensively collected, so that the occurrence of accidents is caused.

In a first aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a method of pre-anesthesia access, the method comprising:

acquiring basic information of a patient, wherein the basic information comprises medical record information;

collecting airway information of a patient, wherein the airway information comprises at least one of head and neck characteristic information, airway and neck operation history information, tooth oral cavity information and glottis information;

and analyzing and evaluating the airway information, and forming a first anesthesia preoperative visit report according to the basic information and the airway information.

By adopting the technical scheme, the pre-anesthesia access method comprehensively collects the airway information of each patient in an automatic mode, improves the working efficiency, forms a standardized pre-anesthesia access report according to the collected basic information and airway information of the patient, reduces the occurrence probability of unexpected accidents caused by unexpected difficult airways of the patient, and provides powerful guarantee for the safety of the airways of the patient in the anesthesia period.

In some embodiments, collecting airway information of a patient includes: collecting at least one of a patient's medical history, surgical history, smoking history, dysphagia, wheezing, airway compression by voice interrogation; collecting at least one of head and neck characteristic information and tooth oral cavity information of a patient through portrait identification; glottis information, tonsil information, and laryngeal information of the patient are acquired by invasive examination.

In some embodiments, after analyzing and evaluating the airway information and forming a first pre-anesthesia visit report from the base information, the airway information, the method further comprises: the first pre-anesthesia visit report is sent to a database, which includes at least one of a medical record database and an anesthesia database.

In some embodiments, after sending the first pre-anesthesia access report to the database, the method further comprises:

if the patient performs an operation after the set time, repeatedly acquiring the airway information of the patient in the pre-operation set time; analyzing and evaluating the repeatedly collected airway information, and forming a second anesthesia preoperative visit report according to the basic information and the repeatedly collected airway information; a first pre-anesthesia access report, a second pre-anesthesia access report is acquired and analyzed in combination to form a final pre-anesthesia access report.

In some embodiments, prior to obtaining the patient's basic information, the method further comprises: and confirming the identity information of the patient.

In some embodiments, validating the identity information of the patient includes: the patient's visit identification code or identity document is scanned and the patient's identity information is obtained from a database.

In some embodiments, obtaining basic information of a patient includes: and acquiring medical record information of the patient from the database according to the identity information.

In a second aspect, the invention provides an anesthesia preoperative access system, comprising a data acquisition module, a data processing module, a data storage module and a data output module, wherein,

the data acquisition module is used for acquiring airway information of a patient, wherein the airway information comprises at least one of head and neck characteristic information, airway and neck operation history information, tooth oral cavity information and glottic information, and the data acquisition module comprises at least one of camera equipment, voice recording equipment and bar code scanning equipment;

the data processing module is connected with the data acquisition module and is used for processing the airway information acquired by the data acquisition module;

the data storage module is connected with the data acquisition module and the data processing module and is used for storing basic information of a patient, airway information acquired by the data acquisition module and an anesthesia preoperative visit report formed by the data processing module, wherein the basic information comprises medical record information;

the data output module is connected with the data storage module and used for outputting an anesthesia preoperative visit report, and the data output module comprises at least one of display equipment, sound equipment and printing equipment.

By adopting the technical scheme, under the synergistic effect of the data acquisition module, the data processing module, the data storage module and the data output module, the anesthesia preoperative visit system automatically and comprehensively acquires the airway information of each patient, and the working efficiency is improved. The standardized and personalized pre-anesthesia access report formed by the pre-anesthesia access system according to the basic information and the airway information of the patient reduces the occurrence of accidents, can ensure the safety of the patient to the maximum extent and improves the anesthesia quality.

In a third aspect, the present invention provides an electronic device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, the processor implementing the pre-anesthesia access method provided by any embodiment of the first aspect when the computer program is executed.

By adopting the technical scheme, the electronic equipment comprehensively collects the airway information of each patient in an automatic mode, so that the working efficiency is improved, the occurrence of unexpected events is reduced through the standardized and personalized pre-anesthesia visit report formed by the electronic equipment, the safety of the patient can be ensured to the greatest extent, and the anesthesia quality is improved.

In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides a computer readable storage medium having stored thereon instructions which, when executed on a computer, cause the computer to perform the method of pre-anesthesia access provided by any of the embodiments of the first aspect.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a flow chart showing a method of pre-anesthesia access in an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 2 shows a second flowchart of a method of pre-anesthesia access in an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of a bite lip test in an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 shows a schematic diagram of a standard airway, standard opening degree in an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 shows a schematic diagram of airway grading in an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing the degree of cervical vertebra activity in an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 7 shows a schematic view of the distance of the cuts of the chin bone-thyroid cartilage in an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 8 shows a third flowchart of a pre-anesthesia access method in an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 9 shows a fourth flowchart of a pre-anesthesia access method in an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 10 shows a fifth flowchart of a method of pre-anesthesia access in an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 11 is a schematic view showing a report of a pre-anesthesia operation visit in one embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 12 is a schematic view showing a report of a pre-anesthesia operation visit in another embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of an access system before anesthesia operation in the embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 14 shows a block diagram I of the electronics of the pre-anesthesia procedure visit in an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 15 shows a second block diagram of the electronics of the pre-anesthesia procedure visit in an embodiment of the invention;

fig. 16 shows a block diagram of a system on chip (SoC) in an embodiment of the invention.

Detailed Description

Further advantages and effects of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present specification, by describing the embodiments of the present invention with specific examples. While the description of the invention will be described in connection with the preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the inventive features to the implementation. Rather, the purpose of the invention described in connection with the embodiments is to cover other alternatives or modifications, which may be extended by the claims based on the invention. The following description contains many specific details for the purpose of providing a thorough understanding of the present invention. The invention may be practiced without these specific details. Furthermore, some specific details are omitted from the description in order to avoid obscuring the invention. It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other.

It should be noted that in this specification, like reference numerals and letters denote like items in the following figures, and thus once an item is defined in one figure, no further definition or explanation thereof is necessary in the following figures.

The terms "first," "second," and the like are used merely to distinguish between descriptions and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Intubation anesthesia is one way of general anesthesia. During general anesthesia, the patient falls asleep completely, and in order to ensure the effect of muscle relaxation at the surgical site, muscle relaxing drugs are used, at which time the patient cannot breathe spontaneously. Therefore, an artificial airway needs to be established, and the anesthesia cannula is an effective artificial airway, that is, an endotracheal tube is inserted into the trachea to keep the respiratory tract of a patient unobstructed, and a breathing machine is connected to replace spontaneous breathing by the breathing machine.

Thus, airway assessment is an important link in pre-anesthesia visits. Some patients may look normal, may experience a failure to ventilate after intubation, and may even experience adverse anesthesia events, and the airway condition of such patients is known as an unexpectedly difficult airway. The anesthesiologist evaluates the airway of the patient through the airway evaluation test supported by evidence, so that the airway condition of the patient can be known in advance, the unexpected difficult airway occurrence probability is greatly reduced, and powerful guarantee is provided for the safety of the airway of the patient in the anesthesia period.

In a first aspect, referring to fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method of pre-anesthesia access, the method comprising:

s1: basic information of a patient is acquired.

In this embodiment, the basic information of the patient includes medical record information. Specifically, the basic information includes information such as the name, sex, age, medical record information, etc. of the patient; the medical record information comprises the name, sex, age, outpatient medical record, inpatient, temperature list, doctor's advice and the like of the patient.

Illustratively, the barcode scanning device scans a patient's visit code or a two-dimensional code or barcode of the wristband to acquire basic information of the patient.

S2: airway information of a patient is collected.

In this embodiment, the airway information includes at least one of head and neck characteristic information, airway and neck surgery history information, dental oral information, and glottis information. For example, head and neck characteristic information, tooth oral cavity information, and the like of a patient are acquired by an imaging apparatus.

S3: and analyzing and evaluating the airway information, and forming a first anesthesia preoperative visit report according to the basic information and the airway information.

In this embodiment, airway information is analytically evaluated by the data processing device. Airway image information of the patient, such as head and neck feature images, glottic images of the patient, is acquired, for example, by a computer processing the image of the patient acquired by the imaging device. The collected head and neck characteristic images and glottic images of the patient are compared with head and neck characteristic images and glottic images of preset standards, and the grade of the patient in each examination item is divided according to the preset standards. The first anesthesia preoperative visit report (as shown in fig. 11) contains the patient's grade information in each examination item, such as the first grade (e.g., as represented by grade I) in the item of the head and neck feature image, and the second grade (e.g., as represented by grade II) in the examination item of the glottic image, and the qualified anesthesiologist evaluates and formulates an anesthesia scheme appropriate for the patient based on the grade information to reduce the occurrence of accidents.

In another embodiment of the invention, airway image information of the patient acquired by the image capturing device is processed by a computer device, such as acquiring head and neck feature images and glottic images of the patient. The collected head and neck feature images and glottic images of the patient are compared with head and neck feature images and glottic images of preset standards, the grade of the patient in each examination item is divided according to the preset standards, and grading is carried out according to the grade of the patient and the preset grading standards. The sum of the scores of each examination item is calculated and compared to a predetermined score range to determine an anesthesia protocol appropriate for the patient. Wherein each preset score range corresponds to a different anesthesia protocol. The first anesthesia preoperative visit report (as shown in fig. 12) contains each of the examination items of the patient's airway condition, such as the head and neck feature image, the score of the glottic image and the sum of the scores, the anesthesia scheme corresponding to the sum of the scores, for reference by the anesthesiologist. In other possible embodiments of the present invention, the data processing device may also process the acquired airway information of the patient using other algorithms, and form a first pre-anesthesia visit report based on the base information, the airway information.

By adopting the technical scheme, the pre-anesthesia access method automatically and comprehensively acquires the airway information of each patient, and improves the working efficiency. The standardized pre-anesthesia access report (namely the first pre-anesthesia access report) generated by the pre-anesthesia access method comprehensively evaluates and analyzes the acquired airway information, so that the occurrence probability of unexpected difficult airways is greatly reduced, and powerful guarantee is provided for the safety of the airways of a patient in an anesthesia period.

In some possible embodiments provided by the present invention, referring to fig. 2, S2: collecting airway information of a patient, comprising:

s21: at least one of a patient's medical history, surgical history, smoking history, dysphagia, wheezing, airway compression is collected by voice interrogation.

Illustratively, information related to the patient's airways, affecting airway patency, such as sleep apnea history, gastroesophageal reflux disease, radiotherapy history, autogenous cutting history, airway surgery history, neck surgery history, cervical surgery history, smoking history, dysphagia, wheezing, airway compression, etc. is collected by voice interrogation (e.g., microphone audio equipment).

S22: at least one of head and neck characteristic information and tooth oral cavity information of a patient is acquired through human image recognition.

In this embodiment, head and neck characteristic information of a patient is acquired by portrait identification, and compared with standard head and top characteristic information such as a picture to evaluate the airway level of the patient.

Illustratively, acquiring head and neck characteristic information of a patient by portrait identification includes: compared with standard pictures (such as standardized mandibular/mandibular pictures, normal tongue pictures and normal cervical (range) pictures) to judge whether a patient has mandibular retrobulbar/mandibular deformity, megalingual symptoms and cervical enlargement. In the present invention, the standard pictures show normal standard airway pictures required during intubation anesthesia. The intubation anesthesia is performed under the airway condition shown by the standard picture, so that accidents such as ventilation failure, poor anesthesia and the like do not occur.

Images of the patient in the upper lip biting test, airway conditions (including pharyngopalatine arch, soft palate and uvula conditions), cervical vertebra activity, mandibular advancement were acquired by portrait identification, compared to standard pictures, to determine the patient's grade at each examination item.

Illustratively, referring to fig. 3, fig. 3 shows an inspection image of an experiment requiring a patient to bite an upper lip with a lower incisor. And through image recognition, for example, an inspection image of the upper lip biting test of the patient is acquired through the image pickup equipment, and compared with a standard image, the grade of the patient is determined, and basic data support is provided for the follow-up formation of a first anesthesia preoperative visit report.

Fig. 3 (a) shows the position a of the upper lip red in the upper lip biting test. The position of the lower incisors at the upper lip red edge is a standard position, and the image of the lower incisors at the upper lip red edge is a standard image (not shown in the figure). Fig. 3 (b) shows a first level of the upper lip bite test: the lower incisors may exceed the upper lip redness. Fig. 3 (c) shows a second level of the upper lip bite test: the lower incisors cannot reach the upper lip red. Fig. 3 (d) shows a third level of the upper lip bite test: the lower incisors cannot reach the upper lip.

Referring to fig. 4, fig. 4 shows the standard positions of the soft palate B, uvula C, pharyngopalatine arch D, palatoglossal arch E, pharyngisthmus F in the mouth.

Referring to fig. 5, fig. 5 shows an inspection image of an airway condition. When an airway condition image of a patient is acquired, the patient is required to open the mouth (sitting or standing) to extend the tongue maximally without sounding, and an image of the patient is acquired from a point of view of looking flat with the patient to evaluate the grades of the soft palate B, uvula C, and pharyngopalatine arch D in the patient's mouth. The examination item requires repeated acquisition of images of the patient twice to avoid false positives or false negatives. An airway condition image of the patient is acquired and staged to provide basic data support for subsequent formation of a first pre-anesthesia visit report.

Fig. 4 shows a standard grade of airway condition. Figure 5 shows four levels of airway status for a patient. Specifically, fig. 5 (a) shows a first level of airway status: the soft palate B, pharyngopalatine arch D, uvula C of the patient can be observed. Fig. 5 (b) shows a second level of airway status: the soft palate B, pharyngopalatine arch D and part of uvula C of the patient can be observed. Fig. 5 (c) shows a third level of airway status: the root of the soft palate B and uvula C of the patient can be observed. Fig. 5 (d) shows a fourth level of airway status: the soft palate B, pharyngopalatine arch D and uvula C of the patient are not available and only the hard palate of the patient is visible. From fig. 5 (a) to 5 (d), the patient's airway condition becomes increasingly prone to the formation of unexpectedly difficult airways. When the airway condition of a patient is measured to judge that the intubation is performed, medical instruments such as an endotracheal tube and the like can smoothly enter the airway of the patient to ensure the airway of the patient to be unobstructed, so that the occurrence of accidents is prevented.

Referring to fig. 6, fig. 6 shows an inspection image of the mobility of the cervical vertebrae. One method of assessing cervical spine mobility is to place a marker on a vertical plane when the neck is fully extended, then measure the change in direction of the marker when the neck is fully flexed, measure the angle, compare with the normal range of motion value of the neck to grade, to provide basic data support for the subsequent formation of a first pre-anesthesia visit report. Wherein the normal range of motion of the neck is 90 degrees or greater in the combined extension and flexion ranges. The first grade is that the range of motion of the neck is greater than 90 degrees, and the degree of motion is evaluated as good. The second scale is that the range of motion of the neck is equal to 90 °, and the evaluation is that the motion is sufficient. The third grade is that the range of motion of the neck is less than 90 degrees, and the evaluation is that the motion is poor. When the cervical vertebra activity of the patient is measured to judge the intubation anesthesia, medical instruments such as an endotracheal tube and the like can smoothly enter the airway of the patient to ensure the airway of the patient to be unobstructed, and prevent accidents.

Illustratively, referring to fig. 6 (a), when the neck is fully extended, the forehead is marked at a fully extended position I (I for short, extended position I), the extended position I intersects the horizontal line J at a point O, and the angle formed by the extended position I, the intersection point O, and the horizontal line J is at right angles. Referring to fig. 6 (b), when the neck is fully flexed, the position of the marked forehead where the full flexion is located is I '(abbreviated as "flexed position I'), the flexed position I 'intersects the horizontal line J at point O, and the extended position I, the intersection O, and the flexed position I' form an obtuse angle. I.e. the normal range of motion of the neck is obtuse in the combined extension and flexion ranges. That is, the patient shown in fig. 6 (b) has a neck movement range of more than 90 °, and the neck movement is good, and is of the first level.

Images of the patient are acquired through portrait identification to determine the incising distance, the opening degree and the distance between the chin bone and the upper edge of the sternum.

Illustratively, referring to fig. 7, fig. 7 shows a schematic view of the chin bone-thyroid cartilage notch distance. Fig. 7 (a) shows the distance in cm from the chin bone K to the thyroid cartilage notch L in the natural state when the head and neck of the patient are in the natural neutral state. Fig. 7 (b) shows the distance of the chin bone K from the thyroid cartilage notch M in the fully extended state when the head and neck of the patient are fully extended. When the chin bone-thyroid cartilage is fully extended, the first grade is when the cutting distance KM is more than or equal to 6.5 cm; a second grade when the chin bone-thyroid cartilage notch distance KM is 6.0 cm to 6.4 cm; the third grade is when the chin bone-thyroid cartilage notch distance KM is less than 6.0 cm. When located on the second or third level, i.e. the chin bone-thyroid cartilage notch distance KM is less than or equal to 6.4 cm, this can lead to difficult cannulation. When the chin bone-thyroid cartilage notch distance examination is carried out on a patient and is used for judging that when the intubation is performed, medical instruments such as an endotracheal tube and the like can smoothly enter the airway of the patient so as to ensure the unobstructed airway of the patient and prevent accidents.

The opening degree of the patient is measured to determine whether medical instruments such as an endotracheal tube can smoothly enter the patient's mouth. Referring to fig. 4, the mouth opening degree inspection refers to a distance between the lower end G of the upper incisor and the upper end H of the lower incisor, when the patient forcibly opens the mouth to the maximum extent, the distance is expressed in cm.

Illustratively, when an endotracheal tube (abbreviated as a cannula) is inserted from a patient's mouth, the degree of opening (i.e., the distance between the GH's) is greater than 5 cm, the upper glottis airway is inserted greater than 4 cm, which is a first level that considers the cannula to have a fairly high probability of success; the opening degree (namely the distance between GH) is less than 3.5 cm, belongs to the normal range and is of a second grade; if the opening degree (i.e. the distance between GH's) is below 2.5 cm, it is a third grade, which makes it impossible to insert a laryngoscope; the opening degree (i.e. the distance between the GH's) is below 1.5 cm, a fourth level, and insertion into a laryngoscope is not possible.

The patient's opening degree is taken into account to select an anesthesia visit appropriate to the patient. For example, for mechanical or functional reasons, patients with less open mouth or with open mouth dysfunction (e.g., temporomandibular joint pain/discomfort) may be ameliorated by general anesthesia and muscle relaxation.

By adopting the technical scheme, the image of the patient is acquired through the image recognition such as the camera equipment and is correspondingly classified, so that basic data support is provided for the follow-up formation of a first anesthesia preoperative visit report.

In this embodiment, collecting dental information of a patient by portrait identification includes: whether the patient has loose teeth, missing teeth, broken teeth, implant teeth, upper incisor teeth protruding, orthodontic treatment, a retainer or a dental hoop, and a removable denture. Illustratively, the upper incisors may protrude or be too long resulting in difficult cannulation. The oral cavity information of the patient is collected to serve as the basis of airway evaluation analysis, so that a personalized and highly reliable pre-anesthesia visit report can be formed conveniently, and accidents in anesthesia of the patient are reduced.

S23: glottis information, tonsil information, and laryngeal information of the patient are acquired by invasive examination.

Illustratively, an invasive examination is a case where a patient is examined by a medical examination instrument (e.g., by a laryngeal endoscope) for the presence of a laryngeal neoplasm, a glottic stenosis, an supraglottic stenosis, and a subglottic stenosis.

Invasive examination also includes capturing images of the patient's laryngoscope exposure, tonsils, as compared to standard pictures to determine the patient's laryngoscope exposure grade, tonsil grade.

By adopting the technical scheme, the glottis information, tonsil information and laryngeal information of the patient are acquired through invasive examination, and basic data support is provided for the follow-up formation of a first anesthesia preoperative visit report.

Illustratively, as previously described, the pre-anesthesia care report shows the level of patient airway information in each airway examination item from which an anesthesiologist can determine an appropriate anesthesia protocol for the patient. Or in other embodiments, the pre-anesthesia care report displays the patient's airway information score in each airway examination item, the sum of the scores, and the anesthesia plan generated from the sum of the scores.

In some other possible embodiments, referring to fig. 8, at S3: after analyzing and evaluating the airway information and forming a first pre-anesthesia visit report according to the basic information and the airway information, the pre-anesthesia visit method further comprises the following steps:

s4: the first pre-anesthesia visit report is sent to a database, which includes at least one of a medical record database and an anesthesia database. The first pre-anesthesia visit report is conveniently retrieved from the database at any time for reference by the anesthesiologist in designing an anesthesia protocol.

In some possible embodiments provided by the invention, with continued reference to fig. 8, S4: after sending the first anesthesia preoperative visit report to the database, the method further comprises:

S5: if the patient performs the operation after the set time, the airway information of the patient is repeatedly acquired in the pre-operation set time.

S6: and analyzing and evaluating the repeatedly collected airway information, and forming a second anesthesia preoperative visit report according to the basic information and the repeatedly collected airway information.

S7: a first pre-anesthesia access report, a second pre-anesthesia access report is acquired and analyzed in combination to form a final pre-anesthesia access report.

In this embodiment, for a patient performing an operation after a set time, in order to obtain accurate airway assessment information, airway information of the patient needs to be collected again within the pre-operation set time, and a final anesthesia pre-operation visit report is formed by integrating a previous first anesthesia pre-operation visit report so as to formulate a proper anesthesia scheme, thereby reducing occurrence of accidents.

In some other possible embodiments, referring to fig. 9, at S1: the method for pre-anesthesia access before acquiring the basic information of the patient further comprises the following steps:

s0: and confirming the identity information of the patient.

In some embodiments, S0: confirming identity information of a patient, comprising: the patient's visit identification code or identity document is scanned and the patient's identity information is obtained from a database. The method is used for identifying the identity of the patient and ensuring the accuracy of the identity of the patient.

In some embodiments, S1: acquiring basic patient information, including: and acquiring medical record information of the patient from the database according to the identity information. The method is used for acquiring corresponding medical record information according to the identity of the patient, preventing the situation that the identity of the patient does not correspond to the medical record information, and reducing the occurrence of medical accidents.

Referring to fig. 10 in combination with fig. 1 to 9, an exemplary embodiment of a pre-anesthesia access method is described below.

In the present embodiment, the pre-anesthesia access system 1 is a pre-anesthesia access robot. The pre-anesthesia access robots comprise an outpatient anesthesia pre-anesthesia access robot and a ward anesthesia pre-anesthesia access robot, and are respectively connected with a database in a hospital through a network.

Referring to fig. 10 in combination with fig. 9, the pre-anesthesia access robot performs S0: patient identity information is validated.

The patient is located a fixed distance, such as 50 cm, in front of the anesthesia preoperative vision robot. At an outpatient department, the bar code scanning equipment of the access robot before the outpatient anesthesia operation confirms the identity of the patient by scanning the two-dimensional code of the patient, and starts to access. In the hospitalization department, the bar code scanning equipment of the ward anesthesia preoperative visit robot confirms the identity of the patient by scanning the wrist strap two-dimensional code of the patient, and starts the visit. The identity information of the patient includes the name, sex, age, etc. of the patient.

S1: acquiring basic information of a patient, including: and acquiring medical record information of the patient from the database according to the identity information.

In the outpatient service, the basic information of the patient is called from an outpatient service medical record data system according to the identity information of the outpatient service patient acquired and identified by the barcode scanning equipment of the outpatient service access robot before the outpatient service operation. The basic information of the patient includes the name, sex, age, registration information, etc. of the patient. At the hospitalization department, the ward anesthesia preoperative visit robot retrieves the basic information of the patient from the hospitalization electronic medical record data system according to the identity information of the ward patient. The basic information of the patient comprises the information of the name, the gender, the age, the outpatient record, the inpatient, the temperature list, the doctor's advice list and the like of the patient.

The pre-anesthesia access robot performs S1: after acquiring the basic information of the patient, the first part of basic information of the pre-anesthesia operation visit report as shown in fig. 11 is filled in according to the acquired basic information.

Referring to fig. 10 in combination with fig. 2, the pre-anesthesia access robot performs S2: collecting airway information of a patient, comprising:

Illustratively, referring to FIG. 11, information related to the patient's airways, such as 1. Smoking history, 2. Airway surgery history, 3. Radiotherapy history, 4. Dysphagia, 5. Wheezing, 6. Airway compression, 7. Autogenous history, 8. Neck surgery history, 9. Cervical surgery history, 10. Gastroesophageal reflux disease, 11. Sleep apnea disease, etc., is collected by voice interrogation with an audible device, such as a microphone device, of a pre-anesthesia access robot (including an outpatient access robot and a pre-ward anesthesia access robot) according to 1 to 11 inspection items listed in the second section of the pre-anesthesia access report.

For example, referring to fig. 11, the imaging device of the pre-anesthesia visual robot performs the head and neck feature inspection item of the patient using the AI face and neck recognition technology, and automatically fills out the corresponding content of the third partial head and neck feature inspection item in the pre-anesthesia visual report shown in fig. 11 after comparing the acquired patient image with the standard image. In this embodiment, a picture of the patient's mandible/mandible, tongue, neck circumference is taken (not shown in the figures).

Referring to fig. 3, an image capturing apparatus of the pre-anesthesia access robot captures an inspection image of a patient's upper lip biting test (i.e., item 16 inspection item), the inspection image of the patient being shown in fig. 3 (a). Referring to fig. 4, the image pickup device of the access robot before anesthesia acquires a mouth opening image (i.e., item 19) of the patient, and the mouth opening distance GH of the patient is 5.5 cm after analysis processing by the data processing device such as a computer. Referring to fig. 5, an image capturing apparatus of the pre-anesthesia access robot captures an inspection image of the airway condition of a patient (i.e., item 15 inspection item) as shown in fig. 5 (a). Referring to fig. 6, the imaging apparatus of the pre-anesthesia access robot continues to acquire the cervical vertebra movement range of the patient (i.e., the 17 th examination item) at 95 degrees. Referring to fig. 7, the camera device of the preanesthesia access robot acquires an image of the head and neck of the patient, specifically, acquires a chin bone-thyroid cartilage notch distance KM (i.e., item 18) of 6.8 cm (as shown in fig. 7) when the patient is fully extended. Continuously, the imaging device of the anesthesia preoperative visit robot acquires head and neck images of the patient, specifically, images of mandibular advancement of the 20 th examination item and the distance between the chin bone and the upper edge of the sternum of the 21 st examination item.

The pre-anesthesia access robot continuously collects dental information of the patient

Illustratively, an invasive examination is a case of examining whether a patient has a laryngeal neoplasm, a glottic stenosis, an supraglottic stenosis, and a subglottic stenosis by a medical examination instrument such as a laryngeal endoscope. And fills out the contents of the fourth part of the invasive examination items of the pre-anesthesia operation visit report as shown in fig. 11, respectively, according to the examination items of the invasive examination.

By S2: airway information of the patient is collected to provide basic data support for subsequent formation of pre-anesthesia access reports.

Referring to fig. 10 in combination with fig. 1, S3 is performed: and analyzing and evaluating the airway information, and forming a first anesthesia preoperative visit report according to the basic information and the airway information.

Illustratively, referring to fig. 11, as described above, the data processing apparatus such as a computer of the pre-anesthesia access robot can process the information obtained by the voice consultation in step S21 and automatically fill out the corresponding contents of the second partial consultation item in the pre-anesthesia access report as shown in fig. 11 according to the patient' S answer. In this embodiment, if none of the above cases exists in the patient, the check-out is performed or not at the positions corresponding to the examination items 1 to 11 of the second partial examination items.

The computer of the access robot before anesthesia processes the image information collected in step S22, for example, the patient does not have 12 mandibular retroversion/mandibular deformity, 13 megalingual symptoms, 14 cervical enlargement, and then checks whether the third part of the head and neck feature inspection item is checked.

In the 16 th examination item upper lip biting test, the examination image of the patient is as shown in fig. 3 (a), i.e., the patient is at the first level, and the corresponding I level of the upper lip biting test is checked in the pre-anesthesia visit report. Similarly, according to the acquired information, in the 19 th examination item opening degree, the opening degree distance GH of the patient is 5.5 cm and is in the first level, and the computer automatically selects the corresponding I level of the opening degree examination item. In item 15, the acquired airway status examination image of the patient is shown in fig. 5 (a), i.e. the patient is at a first level, and the computer automatically checks the airway status to be level I. In the 17 th examination item, the imaging device of the access robot before anesthesia operation acquires that the cervical vertebra movement range of the patient is 95 degrees, and the cervical vertebra movement range of the patient is checked as the first level through the processing of the computer, namely the cervical vertebra movement range of the patient is checked as the level I. In the 18 th examination item, the head and neck image of the patient is analyzed and processed by using a computer, so that the cutting distance KM of the chin bone-thyroid cartilage of the patient is 6.8 cm (as shown in fig. 7), and the cutting distance KM of the chin bone-thyroid cartilage is checked as a first grade. Continuously, acquiring head and neck images of a patient according to an imaging device of the anesthesia preoperative visit robot, and respectively filling in the mandibular advancement of the 20 th examination item and the chin bone-sternum upper edge distance of the 21 st examination item.

The pre-anesthesia visit robot automatically fills out the contents of a fifth part of dental oral examination items of the pre-anesthesia visit report according to the dental oral information of the acquired patient.

Through the above steps, the pre-anesthesia access robot forms a pre-anesthesia access report (first pre-anesthesia access report) by automatically analyzing and filling out the contents of the inspection items in the pre-anesthesia access report. Qualified anesthesiologists can formulate an anesthesia scheme suitable for patients according to the anesthesia preoperative visit report, so that accidents are prevented. For example, for patients with less orosity or with open dysfunction (e.g., temporomandibular joint pain/discomfort), improvement may be achieved by general anesthesia and muscle relaxation.

In other possible embodiments, referring to fig. 12, the pre-anesthesia care robot scores the patient according to the level corresponding to each examination item, such as no answer or no answer for 1 score, 2 answers or 2 scores, and 3 scores for full mouth (fifth partial dental examination item) on the basis of the previous embodiments; class I corresponds to 1 score, class II corresponds to 2 scores, class III corresponds to 3 scores, and class IV corresponds to 4 scores. Calculate the sum of the scores of each portion (e.g., the sum of the scores of the second portion of the query term), calculate the final total score (i.e., the sum of the scores of the second portion of the query term, the third portion of the head and neck feature examination term, the fourth portion of the invasive examination term, and the fifth portion of the dental examination term). In this embodiment, an anesthesia scheme corresponding to a preset score range is set. For example, the first score ranges from 34 to 40 points, and the success rate of intubation anesthesia is high; the second score ranges from 40 to 50 points, and the success probability of intubation anesthesia is general; the third score range was a score greater than 50 points, which is not suitable for catheterization.

Illustratively, on the basis of the foregoing embodiment, that is, after the anesthesia preoperative visit robot collects airway information of the patient, scoring is performed according to the collected airway information, and the total score obtained by the patient is calculated to be 34 minutes.

In some possible embodiments, the qualified anesthesiologist may determine that the total score of the patient is within the first score range based on the pre-anesthesia visit report, and the success rate of catheterization is greater, which is suitable for catheterization.

In other possible embodiments, the computer of the pre-anesthesia access robot can automatically compare the total with a preset score range and generate an anesthesia protocol for the patient for reference by the anesthesiologist based on a set criteria (e.g., within a first score range, the patient has a greater probability of success in performing intubation anesthesia).

In some possible embodiments provided by the present invention, the scoring rules of the total score are not limited to simple additions, but may be weighted or otherwise calculated for one or more inspection items.

Referring to fig. 10 in combination with fig. 8, S4 is performed: the first pre-anesthesia access report is sent to the database for retrieval from the database at any time for reference by the anesthesiologist in designing the anesthesia protocol.

It is reasonable to set the time to perform anesthesia within one week of acquiring the patient's pre-anesthesia visit report. For patients who will be operating in the home within one week, the pre-operative anesthesiologist may operate the anesthesiologist pre-operative access robot to perform S51: the first pre-anesthesia access report is retrieved from the database as a reference for designing an anesthesia scheme.

For patients who are to be operated at the outside hospital, the patient may perform S52 by the anesthesia preoperative visit robot or with the in-hospital outpatient medical record data system, hospitalization electronic medical record data system: (self-printing) a first pre-anesthesia visit report, (and brought to the external hospital) for the anesthesiologist at the external hospital as a reference for designing anesthesia protocols.

With continued reference to fig. 10, for a patient who will be operated at home after one week, S5 is performed: if the patient performs the operation after one week, the airway information of the patient is repeatedly acquired within one week before the operation.

S7: a first pre-anesthesia operative visit report and a second pre-anesthesia operative visit report are acquired and analyzed in combination to form a final pre-operative visit report.

Illustratively, the average is calculated as the total score in the final pre-operative visit report from the total scores of the first pre-anesthesia visit report, the second pre-anesthesia visit report. Step S7 of the invention: the first pre-anesthesia access report and the second pre-anesthesia access report are acquired and analyzed together to form the final pre-anesthesia access report, not limited to the means of calculating the average as described above.

The airway information of the patient is acquired again in a week before the operation and a second anesthesia operation visit report is formed, the first anesthesia operation visit report and the second anesthesia operation visit report are comprehensively analyzed, the airway information of the patient can be more accurately acquired, a proper anesthesia scheme is designed, and accidents in the anesthesia process are prevented.

By adopting the technical scheme, the pre-anesthesia access method comprehensively collects the airway information of each patient in an automatic mode, and improves the working efficiency. The pre-anesthesia access method also greatly reduces the unexpected probability of accidents of difficult airways through the generated standardized pre-anesthesia access report, and provides powerful guarantee for the safety of the patient's anesthetic airways. The pre-anesthesia access method can be interpreted by all qualified anesthesiologists through the generated standardized pre-anesthesia access report, and provides a reliable reference for clinical anesthesia.

In a second aspect, referring to fig. 13, the present invention provides a pre-anesthesia access system 1 comprising: a data acquisition module 11, a data processing module 12, a data storage module 13 and a data output module 14, wherein,

the data acquisition module 11 is configured to acquire airway information of a patient, where the airway information includes at least one of head and neck feature information, airway and neck operation history information, dental information, and glottic information, and the data acquisition module 11 includes at least one of a camera device, a voice recording device, and a barcode scanning device.

Illustratively, the camera device is used for collecting head and neck characteristic information and tooth oral cavity information of a patient; the voice input device is used for collecting the information of the operation history of the airway and the neck of the patient; the bar code scanning device is used for collecting basic information such as identity information of a patient.

The data processing module 12 is connected with the data acquisition module 11 and is used for processing the airway information acquired by the data acquisition module 11;

the data storage module 13 is connected with the data acquisition module 11 and the data processing module 12, and is used for storing basic information of a patient, airway information acquired by the data acquisition module 11 and a pre-anesthesia visit report formed by the data processing module 12, wherein the basic information comprises medical record information.

The data output module 14 is connected with the data storage module 13 and is used for outputting a pre-anesthesia visit report, and the data output module 14 comprises at least one of display equipment, sound equipment and printing equipment.

Illustratively, the display device is for displaying a pre-anesthesia access report; the sound equipment is used for realizing man-machine interaction with an operator, such as prompting the operator to correctly perform operation processes, such as printing and taking out an anesthesia preoperative visit report; the printing device is used for printing the pre-anesthesia operation visit report.

Illustratively, the pre-anesthesia access system 1 is a pre-anesthesia access robot, the pre-anesthesia access robot includes an outpatient-anesthesia access robot and a ward-anesthesia access robot, basic information and airway information of an outpatient and a ward patient are respectively collected, an pre-anesthesia access report of the outpatient and the ward patient is formed according to the basic information and the airway information, and an anesthesia scheme is formulated for the outpatient and the ward patient.

By adopting the technical scheme, under the synergistic effect of the data acquisition module 11, the data processing module 12, the data storage module 13 and the data output module 14, the airway information of each patient is automatically and comprehensively acquired through the anesthesia preoperative visit system 1, so that the working efficiency is improved. The standardized pre-anesthesia access report generated by the pre-anesthesia access system 1 also greatly reduces the unexpected probability of accidents of difficult airways, and provides powerful guarantee for the safety of the patient's anesthetic airways.

In a third aspect, referring to fig. 14, the present invention provides an electronic device 2, comprising a memory 21, a processor 22 and a computer program stored in the memory 21 and executable on the processor 22, the processor 22 implementing the method of pre-anesthesia access in any of the embodiments described above when executing the computer program. The memory 21 may include, for example, a system memory, a fixed nonvolatile storage medium, and the like. The system memory stores, for example, an operating system, application programs, boot Loader (Boot Loader), and other programs.

In this embodiment, the electronic device 2 can automatically and comprehensively collect airway information of each patient, thereby improving working efficiency. The standardized pre-anesthesia visit report generated by the electronic equipment 2 also greatly reduces the probability of unexpected accidents of difficult airways, and provides powerful guarantee for the safety of the airways of patients in anesthesia.

Fourth aspect referring now to fig. 15, shown is a block diagram of an electronic device 400 in accordance with one embodiment of the present application. The electronic device 400 may include one or more processors 401 coupled to a controller hub 403. For at least one embodiment, the controller hub 403 communicates with the processor 401 via a multi-drop Bus such as a Front Side Bus (FSB), a point-to-point interface such as a Quick Path Interconnect (QPI), or similar connection 406. The processor 401 executes instructions that control the general type of data processing operations. In one embodiment, controller Hub 403 includes, but is not limited to, a Graphics Memory Controller Hub (GMCH) (not shown) and an Input Output Hub (IOH) (which may be on separate chips) (not shown), where the GMCH includes memory and Graphics controllers and is coupled to the IOH.

The electronic device 400 may also include a coprocessor 402 and memory 404 coupled to a controller hub 403. Alternatively, one or both of the memory and GMCH may be integrated within the processor (as described herein), with the memory 404 and co-processor 402 coupled directly to the processor 401 and the controller hub 403, the controller hub 403 being in a single chip with the IOH.

Memory 404 may be, for example, dynamic random access memory (DRAM, dynamic Random Access Memory), phase change memory (PCM, phase Change Memory), or a combination of both. One or more tangible, non-transitory computer-readable media for storing data and/or instructions may be included in memory 404. The computer-readable storage medium has stored therein instructions, and in particular, temporary and permanent copies of the instructions. The instructions may include: instructions that when executed by at least one of the processors cause the electronic device 400 to implement the methods shown in fig. 1, 2, 8, 9, 10. The instructions, when executed on a computer, cause the computer to perform the method disclosed in any of the embodiments described above.

In one embodiment, coprocessor 402 is a special-purpose processor, such as, for example, a high-throughput MIC (Many Integrated Core, integrated many-core) processor, network or communication processor, compression engine, graphics processor, GPGPU (General-purpose computing on a graphics processing unit), embedded processor, or the like. Optional properties of coprocessor 402 are shown in dashed lines in fig. 15.

In one embodiment, the electronic device 400 may further include a network interface (NIC, network Interface Controller) 406. The network interface 406 may include a transceiver to provide a radio interface for the electronic device 400 to communicate with any other suitable device (e.g., front end module, antenna, etc.). In various embodiments, the network interface 406 may be integrated with other components of the electronic device 400. The network interface 406 may implement the functions of the communication units in the above-described embodiments.

Electronic device 400 may further include an Input/Output (I/O) device 405.I/O405 may include: a user interface, the design enabling a user to interact with the electronic device 400; the design of the peripheral component interface enables the peripheral component to also interact with the electronic device 400; and/or sensors designed to determine environmental conditions and/or location information associated with the electronic device 400.

It is noted that fig. 15 is merely exemplary. That is, although fig. 15 shows that the electronic apparatus 400 includes a plurality of devices such as the processor 401, the controller hub 403, and the memory 404, in practical applications, the apparatus using the methods of the present application may include only a part of the devices of the electronic apparatus 400, for example, may include only the processor 401 and the network interface 406. The nature of the alternative device is shown in dashed lines in fig. 15.

Referring now to fig. 16, shown is a block diagram of a SoC (System on Chip) 500 in accordance with an embodiment of the present application. In fig. 16, similar parts have the same reference numerals. In addition, the dashed box is an optional feature of a more advanced SoC. In fig. 16, the SoC500 includes: an interconnect unit 550 coupled to the processor 510; a system agent unit 580; a bus controller unit 590; an integrated memory controller unit 540; a set or one or more coprocessors 520 which may include integrated graphics logic, an image processor, an audio processor, and a video processor; a Static Random-Access Memory (SRAM) unit 530; a direct memory access (DMA, direct Memory Access) unit 560. In one embodiment, coprocessor 520 includes a special-purpose processor, such as, for example, a network or communication processor, compression engine, GPGPU (General-purpose computing on graphics processing units, general purpose computing on a graphics processing unit), high-throughput MIC processor, embedded processor, or the like.

Static Random Access Memory (SRAM) unit 530 may include one or more tangible, non-transitory computer-readable media for storing data and/or instructions. The computer-readable storage medium has stored therein instructions, and in particular, temporary and permanent copies of the instructions. The instructions may include: instructions that when executed by at least one of the processors cause the SoC to implement the methods shown in fig. 1, 2, 8, 9, 10. The instructions, when executed on a computer, cause the computer to perform the method disclosed in any of the embodiments described above.

The method embodiments of the present application may be implemented in software, magnetic elements, firmware, etc.

Program code may be applied to input instructions to perform the functions described herein and generate output information. The output information may be applied to one or more output devices in a known manner. For purposes of this application, a processing system includes any system having a processor such as, for example, a digital signal processor (DSP, digital Signal Processor), a microcontroller, an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), or a microprocessor.

The program code may be implemented in a high level procedural or object oriented programming language to communicate with a processing system. Program code may also be implemented in assembly or machine language, if desired. Indeed, the mechanisms described herein are not limited in scope to any particular programming language. In either case, the language may be a compiled or interpreted language.

One or more aspects of at least one embodiment may be implemented by representative instructions stored on a computer readable storage medium, which represent various logic in a processor, which when read by a machine, cause the machine to fabricate logic to perform the techniques herein. These representations, referred to as "IP (Intellectual Property ) cores," may be stored on a tangible computer-readable storage medium and provided to a plurality of customers or production facilities for loading into the manufacturing machines that actually manufacture the logic or processor.

In some cases, an instruction converter may be used to convert instructions from a source instruction set to a target instruction set. For example, the instruction converter may transform (e.g., using a static binary transform, a dynamic binary transform including dynamic compilation), morph, emulate, or otherwise convert an instruction into one or more other instructions to be processed by the core. The instruction converter may be implemented in software, hardware, firmware, or a combination thereof. The instruction converter may be on-processor, off-processor, or partially on-processor and partially off-processor.

While the invention has been shown and described with reference to certain preferred embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is a further detailed description of the invention with reference to specific embodiments, and it is not intended to limit the practice of the invention to those descriptions. Various changes in form and detail may be made therein by those skilled in the art, including a few simple inferences or alternatives, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method of pre-anesthesia access, the method comprising:

2. The method of pre-anesthesia access of claim 1 wherein the collecting airway information of the patient comprises:

collecting at least one of a patient's medical history, surgical history, smoking history, dysphagia, wheezing, airway compression by voice interrogation;

collecting at least one of head and neck characteristic information and tooth oral cavity information of a patient through portrait identification;

glottis information, tonsil information, and laryngeal information of the patient are acquired by invasive examination.

3. The method of pre-anesthesia surgical visit of claim 1 wherein after the analyzing evaluates the airway information and forming a first pre-anesthesia surgical visit report from the base information, the airway information, the method further comprises:

and sending the first anesthesia preoperative visit report to a database, wherein the database comprises at least one of a medical record database and an anesthesia database.

4. The method of pre-anesthesia surgical access of claim 3, wherein after the sending the first pre-anesthesia surgical access report to a database, the method further comprises:

if the patient performs an operation after the set time, repeatedly acquiring the airway information of the patient in the pre-operation set time;

analyzing and evaluating the repeatedly collected airway information, and forming a second anesthesia preoperative visit report according to the basic information and the repeatedly collected airway information;

the first pre-anesthesia access report and the second pre-anesthesia access report are acquired and comprehensively analyzed to form a final pre-anesthesia access report.

5. The method of pre-anesthesia access of claim 1 wherein prior to the acquiring of the patient's basic information, the method further comprises: and confirming the identity information of the patient.

6. The method of pre-anesthesia access of claim 5 wherein the confirmation of patient identification information comprises: scanning a patient's visit identification code or identity document, and obtaining the identity information of the patient from a database.

7. The method of pre-anesthesia access of claim 6 wherein the acquiring basic information of the patient comprises: and acquiring the medical record information of the patient from a database according to the identity information.

8. The anesthesia preoperative visit system is characterized by comprising a data acquisition module, a data processing module, a data storage module and a data output module, wherein,

the data acquisition module is used for acquiring airway information of a patient, wherein the airway information comprises at least one of head and neck characteristic information, airway and neck operation history information, tooth oral cavity information and glottal information, and the data acquisition module comprises at least one of camera equipment, voice input equipment and bar code scanning equipment;

the data storage module is connected with the data acquisition module and the data processing module and is used for storing basic information of a patient, the airway information acquired by the data acquisition module and a pre-anesthesia visit report formed by the data processing module, wherein the basic information comprises medical record information;

the data output module is connected with the data storage module and used for outputting the anesthesia preoperative visit report, and the data output module comprises at least one of display equipment, sound equipment and printing equipment.

9. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor implements the pre-anesthesia access method of any of claims 1 to 7 when the computer program is executed.

10. A computer readable storage medium having instructions stored thereon, which when executed on a computer cause the computer to perform the pre-anesthesia access method of any of claims 1 to 7.