CN115992303A - Heat treatment process of test sample for bearing steel water immersion ultrasonic detection - Google Patents
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
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- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of bearing steel detection, in particular to a heat treatment process of a sample for bearing steel water immersion ultrasonic detection. The heat treatment process comprises the following steps: (1) bearing steel sampling to detect carbide non-uniformity; (2) According to the detection result, carrying out heat treatment on the bearing steel sample, wherein the heat treatment process is selected from normalizing and isothermal annealing processes or reciprocating spheroidizing annealing processes, the carbide banding of the heat treated sample is less than 2.5 level, and the average grain size of the metal reaches more than 5 level. The heat treatment process can effectively improve the uniformity and consistency of the internal tissues of the bearing steel sample, reduce the generation of echo interference signals in the water immersion ultrasonic process, and ensure the accuracy of detection results.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of bearing steel detection, in particular to a heat treatment process of a sample for bearing steel water immersion ultrasonic detection.
Background
The high-carbon chromium bearing steel is the most widely applied steel grade in the bearing industry, and is mainly used for manufacturing various bearings, partial high-load mechanical parts and the like. The bearing is used as a joint of industrial equipment, and needs to bear rolling contact stress and periodical alternating stress in the use process, so that the bearing is required to have higher strength, wear resistance and fatigue life, and higher requirements are also put on the processing technology and materials. In terms of bearing steel quality, high purity and good carbide distribution uniformity are mainly required. The purity of bearing steel mainly refers to the level of inclusion control in the steel. It has been shown that the contact fatigue life of bearing steel is mainly related to the structure of its surface layer, in particular to the type, size, shape, distribution and aggregation of nonmetallic inclusions in the surface layer, and approximately inversely related to the length of nonmetallic inclusions in the steel. Therefore, the assessment and control of large nonmetallic inclusions in bearing steels is particularly important.
By utilizing the influence of the acoustic properties of the material itself or internal defects on ultrasonic wave propagation, the bearing steel water immersion ultrasonic detection can nondestructively detect various defects in and on the material, and objectively and comprehensively reflect the defects in the material, especially the distribution condition of large-sized inclusions in the bearing steel. Compared with the traditional inclusion detection methods such as metallographic method and nondestructive extraction, the high-frequency ultrasonic detection system has larger volume of the sample, and can more intuitively reflect the information such as distribution, quantity, size, position and the like of large-sized inclusions in steel.
The water immersion ultrasonic detection has the characteristics of high frequency, short wavelength, high detection precision and the like, and echo signals contain a large amount of information related to defect properties, but are also very easy to be interfered by various types of interference, especially echoes which are generated by scattering centers (such as boundaries of particles and other particles) in detected materials and are seemingly randomly distributed, have similar frequency distribution characteristics with the defect reflection echoes, are difficult to separate in a frequency domain, and bring difficulty to detect defects. Therefore, the structure of the sample for water immersion ultrasonic detection should be completely thinned and homogenized to eliminate callback interference signals caused by uneven structures in the material, and ensure the accuracy of detection results.
The existing bearing steel water immersion ultrasonic detection standards mainly comprise ASTM E588, SEP 1927, GB/T38683, GB/T4162 and the like, and most of the standards require that a sample is subjected to heat treatment before processing, so that the grain size of the sample reaches grade 5 or finer specified by GB/T6394 or ASTM E112, and the sensitivity of detection is met, but the existing standards do not have clear rule requirements on the sample heat treatment process. From the current data, research results of water immersion ultrasonic detection are mainly focused on selection, design, sensitivity analysis and the like of detection parameters, such as 'research on metal bar water immersion focusing ultrasonic detection technology', 'plane wave frequency domain rapid imaging algorithm of water immersion ultrasonic detection', 'influence of water layer thickness on pipe welding seam water immersion ultrasonic detection sensitivity', and partial scholars focus on analysis of detection results, such as 'application of water immersion ultrasonic detection in bearing steel purity assessment', 'research on high-frequency water immersion ultrasonic detection and evaluation method of inclusions in steel', and the like, and no corresponding research results of heat treatment of bearing steel ultrasonic detection samples are published. The Chinese patent application CN112760461A provides a heat treatment method for a steel high-frequency ultrasonic detection sample, which divides a heat treatment process according to the carbon content of the steel grade, does not consider the original quality level of the sample, cannot ensure the quality requirement of water immersion ultrasonic detection on the sample in practical application, and is difficult to guide practical application.
Therefore, a heat treatment process for bearing steel water immersion ultrasonic detection samples needs to be explored and established.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problem that callback interference signals are caused by uneven tissues in the bearing steel water immersion ultrasonic detection process, the invention provides a heat treatment process of a sample for bearing steel water immersion ultrasonic detection, which can effectively improve the uniformity and consistency of the tissues in the bearing steel sample, reduce the generation of echo interference signals in the water immersion ultrasonic process and ensure the accuracy of detection results.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a heat treatment process of a sample for bearing steel water immersion ultrasonic detection comprises the following steps:
(1) Sampling bearing steel to detect carbide non-uniformity;
(2) According to the detection result, carrying out heat treatment on the bearing steel sample, wherein the heat treatment process is selected from a normalizing and isothermal annealing process or a reciprocating spheroidizing annealing process, the normalizing and isothermal annealing process is that the sample is firstly heated to 900-920 ℃ and kept for 40 min-2 h, then is discharged and dispersed and air-cooled, then the sample is heated to 770-790 ℃ and kept for 3-5 h, is cooled to 700-720 ℃ along with the furnace at 10-30 ℃/h, is cooled to 650 ℃ along with the furnace after being kept for 4-6 h, and is discharged and dispersed and air-cooled;
the reciprocating spheroidizing annealing process comprises the steps of heating bearing steel to 770-780 ℃ for heat preservation for 2-4 hours, cooling to 690-710 ℃ along with a furnace at a cooling speed of 10-30 ℃/h for heat preservation for 3-5 hours, heating to 770-780 ℃ at a heating speed of 30-50 ℃/h for heat preservation for 2-4 hours, cooling to 690-710 ℃ along with a furnace at a cooling speed of 10-30 ℃/h for heat preservation for 3-5 hours, cooling to 650 ℃ along with a furnace, discharging and performing dispersed air cooling.
Further, the bearing steel is GCr15 bearing steel.
Further, the carbide band shape of the sample after heat treatment is less than 2.5 grade, and the average grain size of the metal reaches more than 5 grade.
Further, step (1) is to sample the bearing steel and then to carry out carbide banding test.
Further, for bearing steel with the diameter less than or equal to 80mm and the carbide band-shaped grade higher than 2.5, carrying out heat treatment by adopting a normalizing and isothermal annealing process;
the normalizing is to heat the sample to 900-920 ℃ and keep the temperature for 40-90 min, and then discharging the sample and performing dispersed air cooling;
and the isothermal annealing is to heat the sample to 770-790 ℃ and keep the temperature for 3-4 hours, cool the sample to 700-720 ℃ with the furnace at 10-30 ℃/h, cool the sample to 650 ℃ with the furnace after keeping the temperature for 4-5 hours, discharge the sample, and cool the sample in a dispersing way.
Further, for bearing steel with the diameter less than or equal to 80mm and the carbide band shape not higher than 2.5 level, a reciprocating spheroidizing annealing process is adopted for heat treatment.
Further, for bearing steel with the diameter of 80mm < 150mm and the carbide band shape higher than 3 grades, carrying out heat treatment by adopting a normalizing and isothermal annealing process;
the normalizing is to heat the sample to 900-920 ℃ and keep the temperature for 90-120 min, and then discharging the sample and performing dispersed air cooling;
and the isothermal annealing is to heat the sample to 770-790 ℃ and keep the temperature for 4-5 h, cool the sample to 700-720 ℃ with the furnace at 10-30 ℃/h, cool the sample to 650 ℃ with the furnace after keeping the temperature for 5-6 h, discharge the sample and cool the sample in a dispersing way.
Further, for bearing steel with the diameter of 80mm < 150mm and the carbide band shape not higher than 3 grades, a reciprocating spheroidizing annealing process is adopted for heat treatment.
Further, carbide inhomogeneity (carbide banding) was measured according to the GB/T18254 specification.
Further, the average grain size of the metal was measured according to GB/T6394.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, aiming at bearing steel with different quality levels, different heat treatment methods are adopted to carry out heat treatment on the water immersion ultrasonic detection sample, so that the problem of blurring specified by a heat treatment process in a detection standard is solved, meanwhile, the uniformity and consistency of the tissue of the detection sample are ensured, the image signal interference during the water immersion ultrasonic detection is avoided, and the accuracy and the reliability of the water immersion ultrasonic detection can be ensured.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without inventive effort.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a normalizing + isothermal annealing process in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a reciprocating spheroidizing annealing process in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a photograph of a strip of carbide test of GCr15 bearing steel bar heat treated in example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a photograph of a strip of carbide test strip of GCr15 bearing steel bar heat treated in example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a photograph showing the detection of band-shaped carbides at the edge position of a GCr15 bearing steel bar after heat treatment in example 2 of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a photograph of a band-shaped carbide test of the radial position of a GCr15 bearing steel bar in example 2 of the present invention after heat treatment.
FIG. 7 is a photograph showing the detection of band-shaped carbides at the center portion of a GCr15 bearing steel bar in example 2 of the present invention after heat treatment.
FIG. 8 is a metallographic photograph of a GCr15 bearing steel bar material of example 2 of the present invention after heat treatment.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solution of the present invention better understood by those skilled in the art, the technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any inventive effort, shall fall within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The GCr15 bearing steel bar with the diameter of 75mm is subjected to sample heat treatment before water immersion ultrasonic detection.
(1) The bearing steel was sampled according to the method prescribed in GB/T18254, and the carbide unevenness of the bearing steel was detected, and the detection result was that the carbide band was 3-grade.
(2) The bearing steel is treated by adopting a normalizing and isothermal annealing process, and the specific process is as follows:
(1) normalizing: heating the sample to 905 ℃ and preserving heat for 90min, discharging, and dispersing and air-cooling;
(2) isothermal annealing: and heating the sample to 782 ℃ and preserving heat for 4 hours, cooling to 703 ℃ with the furnace at 10-30 ℃/h, preserving heat for 5 hours, cooling to 650 ℃ with the furnace, discharging, and performing dispersed air cooling.
The test piece after the heat treatment was subjected to carbide unevenness detection according to the method prescribed in GB/T18254, and the detection result was that the carbide ribbon was class 2.
The metal average grain size of the heat-treated sample was measured according to the method specified in GB/T6394, and the measurement result was grade 6.
Example 2
The GCr15 bearing steel bar with the diameter of 50mm is subjected to sample heat treatment before water immersion ultrasonic detection.
(1) The bearing steel was sampled according to the method prescribed in GB/T18254, and the carbide unevenness of the bearing steel was detected, and the detection result was that the carbide band was 3-grade.
(2) The bearing steel is treated by adopting a normalizing and isothermal annealing process, and the specific process is as follows:
(1) normalizing: heating the sample to 905 ℃ and preserving heat for 90min, discharging, and dispersing and air-cooling;
(2) isothermal annealing: and heating the sample to 782 ℃ and preserving heat for 4 hours, cooling to 703 ℃ with the furnace at 10-30 ℃/h, preserving heat for 5 hours, cooling to 650 ℃ with the furnace, discharging, and performing dispersed air cooling.
The test piece after the heat treatment was subjected to carbide unevenness detection according to the method prescribed in GB/T18254, and the detection result was that the carbide ribbon was class 2.
The metal average grain size of the heat-treated sample was measured according to the method specified in GB/T6394, and the measurement result was grade 6.
Example 3
The GCr15 bearing steel bar with the diameter of 120mm is subjected to sample heat treatment before water immersion ultrasonic detection.
(1) The bearing steel was sampled according to the method prescribed in GB/T18254, and the carbide unevenness of the bearing steel was detected, and the detection result was that the carbide band was 3.5 grade.
(2) The bearing steel is treated by adopting a normalizing and isothermal annealing process, and the specific process is as follows:
(1) normalizing: heating the sample to 915 ℃ and preserving heat for 120min, discharging, and dispersing and air-cooling;
(2) isothermal annealing: and heating the sample to 772 ℃, preserving heat for 5 hours, cooling to 716 ℃ along with the furnace at 10-30 ℃/h, preserving heat for 6 hours, cooling to 650 ℃ along with the furnace, discharging, and performing dispersed air cooling.
The test piece after the heat treatment was subjected to carbide unevenness detection according to the method prescribed in GB/T18254, and the detection result was that the carbide band was of grade 2.5.
The metal average grain size of the heat-treated sample was measured according to the method specified in GB/T6394, and the measurement result was grade 5.
Example 4
The GCr15 bearing steel bar with the diameter of 148mm is subjected to sample heat treatment before water immersion ultrasonic detection.
(1) The bearing steel was sampled according to the method prescribed in GB/T18254, and the carbide unevenness of the bearing steel was detected, and the detection result was that the carbide band was 3-grade.
(2) The bearing steel is treated by adopting a reciprocating spheroidizing annealing process, and the specific process is as follows:
firstly heating bearing steel to 780 ℃ and preserving heat for 2.5h, cooling to 706 ℃ along with a furnace at a cooling speed of 10-30 ℃/h and preserving heat for 3h, heating to 772 ℃ at a heating speed of 30-50 ℃/h and preserving heat for 3h, cooling to 693 ℃ along with the furnace at a cooling speed of 10-30 ℃/h and preserving heat for 5h, cooling to 650 ℃ along with the furnace, discharging and performing dispersed air cooling.
The test piece after the heat treatment was subjected to carbide unevenness detection according to the method prescribed in GB/T18254, and the detection result was that the carbide band was of grade 2.5.
The metal average grain size of the heat-treated sample was measured according to the method specified in GB/T6394, and the measurement result was grade 5.
Example 5
The GCr15 bearing steel bar with the diameter of 60mm is subjected to sample heat treatment before water immersion ultrasonic detection.
(1) The bearing steel was sampled according to the method prescribed in GB/T18254, and carbide inhomogeneities of the bearing steel were detected, with the result that the carbide band was class 2.
(2) The bearing steel is treated by adopting a reciprocating spheroidizing annealing process, and the specific process is as follows:
firstly heating bearing steel to 770 ℃ and preserving heat for 3.5 hours, cooling to 695 ℃ along with a furnace at a cooling speed of 10-30 ℃/h, preserving heat for 5 hours, heating to 778 ℃ at a heating speed of 30-50 ℃/h, preserving heat for 2 hours, cooling to 705 ℃ along with the furnace at a cooling speed of 10-30 ℃/h, preserving heat for 3 hours, cooling to 650 ℃ along with the furnace, discharging and performing dispersed air cooling.
The test piece after the heat treatment was subjected to carbide unevenness detection according to the method prescribed in GB/T18254, and the detection result was that the carbide ribbon was class 2.
The metal average grain size of the heat-treated sample was measured according to the method specified in GB/T6394, and the measurement result was grade 5.
Although the present invention has been described in detail by way of preferred embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings, the present invention is not limited thereto. Various equivalent modifications and substitutions may be made in the embodiments of the present invention by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and it is intended that all such modifications and substitutions be within the scope of the present invention/be within the scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. The heat treatment process of the test sample for bearing steel water immersion ultrasonic detection is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) Sampling bearing steel to detect carbide non-uniformity;
(2) According to the detection result, carrying out heat treatment on the bearing steel sample, wherein the heat treatment process is selected from a normalizing and isothermal annealing process or a reciprocating spheroidizing annealing process;
the normalizing and isothermal annealing process comprises the steps of heating a sample to 900-920 ℃ for 40 min-2 h, discharging, performing dispersed air cooling, heating the sample to 770-790 ℃ for 3-5 h, cooling to 700-720 ℃ with the furnace at 10-30 ℃/h, cooling to 650 ℃ with the furnace after 4-6 h, discharging, and performing dispersed air cooling;
the reciprocating spheroidizing annealing process comprises the steps of heating bearing steel to 770-780 ℃ for heat preservation for 2-4 hours, cooling to 690-710 ℃ along with a furnace at a cooling speed of 10-30 ℃/h for heat preservation for 3-5 hours, heating to 770-780 ℃ at a heating speed of 30-50 ℃/h for heat preservation for 2-4 hours, cooling to 690-710 ℃ along with a furnace at a cooling speed of 10-30 ℃/h for heat preservation for 3-5 hours, cooling to 650 ℃ along with a furnace, discharging and performing dispersed air cooling.
2. The heat treatment process of claim 1, wherein the bearing steel is GCr15 bearing steel.
3. The heat treatment process according to claim 1, wherein the carbide ribbon of the heat treated sample is less than 2.5 and the average grain size of the metal is 5 or more.
4. The heat treatment process according to claim 1, wherein step (1) is a carbide strip test after the bearing steel is sampled.
5. The heat treatment process according to claim 4, wherein the bearing steel with the diameter less than or equal to 80mm and the carbide band shape higher than 2.5 level is heat treated by adopting a normalizing and isothermal annealing process;
the normalizing is to heat the sample to 900-920 ℃ and keep the temperature for 40-90 min, and then discharging the sample and performing dispersed air cooling;
and the isothermal annealing is to heat the sample to 770-790 ℃ and keep the temperature for 3-4 hours, cool the sample to 700-720 ℃ with the furnace at 10-30 ℃/h, cool the sample to 650 ℃ with the furnace after keeping the temperature for 4-5 hours, discharge the sample, and cool the sample in a dispersing way.
6. The heat treatment process according to claim 4, wherein the heat treatment is performed by a reciprocating spheroidizing annealing process for bearing steel having a diameter of 80mm or less and a carbide ribbon shape of not more than 2.5 grades.
7. The heat treatment process according to claim 4, wherein the heat treatment is performed by using a normalizing and isothermal annealing process for bearing steel with a diameter of 80mm < 150mm or less and a carbide strip shape of higher than 3 grades;
the normalizing is to heat the sample to 900-920 ℃ and keep the temperature for 90-120 min, and then discharging the sample and performing dispersed air cooling;
and the isothermal annealing is to heat the sample to 770-790 ℃ and keep the temperature for 4-5 h, cool the sample to 700-720 ℃ with the furnace at 10-30 ℃/h, cool the sample to 650 ℃ with the furnace after keeping the temperature for 5-6 h, discharge the sample and cool the sample in a dispersing way.
8. The heat treatment process according to claim 4, wherein the heat treatment is performed by a reciprocating spheroidizing annealing process for bearing steel of 80mm < 150mm diameter and carbide banding not higher than level 3.
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117210649A (en) * | 2023-09-21 | 2023-12-12 | 中科卓异环境科技(东莞)有限公司 | Steel normalizing equipment and steel normalizing method |
| CN117210649B (en) * | 2023-09-21 | 2024-05-14 | 中科卓异环境科技(东莞)有限公司 | Steel normalizing equipment and steel normalizing method |
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