CN115989645A

CN115989645A - Communication method and device

Info

Publication number: CN115989645A
Application number: CN202080103610.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 吴烨丹; 耿婷婷
Original assignee: Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Current assignee: Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Priority date: 2020-10-23
Filing date: 2020-10-23
Publication date: 2023-04-18
Also published as: WO2022082757A1; CN115989645A8

Abstract

The embodiment of the application provides a communication method and a communication device, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the terminal determines first information, wherein the first information comprises first time which is greater than or equal to the estimated time for the terminal to execute random access; the terminal performs one of the following: the method comprises the steps that a terminal initiates random access to a first satellite, wherein estimated coverage time of the first satellite for covering the terminal is greater than or equal to first time; or the terminal determines not to initiate random access, wherein the estimated coverage time of the first satellite for covering the terminal is less than the first time; or the terminal determines not to initiate random access to the first satellite and initiates random access to a satellite of a next coverage terminal, wherein the estimated coverage time of the first satellite coverage terminal is less than the first time.

Description

Communication method and device

Technical Field

The present application relates to the field of satellite communications technologies, and in particular, to a communication method and apparatus.

Background

Satellite communication (non-terrestrial network, NTN) has the advantages of wide coverage area, large communication range and the like, and is more developed. Generally, a User Equipment (UE) can access a satellite communication system by performing a random access procedure.

In a possible implementation, the random access step may include four-step random access and two-step random access. For example, the four-step random access process may include: after the random access of the UE and the network equipment is initialized, the UE and the network equipment execute four-step communication based on a random access lead code, scheduling transmission, a competition resolution and the like to realize the process of random access. The two-step random access procedure may include: the UE and the network equipment realize the random access process based on two steps of request and response.

However, in a typical implementation, when the UE performs the random access, the random access is often interrupted, so that the UE cannot effectively access the satellite communication system.

Disclosure of Invention

The embodiment of the application provides a communication method and a communication device, a terminal can flexibly select whether to initiate random access to a first satellite according to first time and estimated time of the first satellite covering the terminal, so that when the estimated time of the first satellite covering the terminal does not meet the time of the terminal for executing random access, the terminal determines not to initiate random access on the first satellite and/or initiates random access on a satellite of a next covering terminal, and therefore the success rate of the random access is improved.

In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a communication method, including: the terminal determines first information, wherein the first information comprises first time which is greater than or equal to the estimated time for the terminal to execute random access; the terminal performs one of the following: the method comprises the steps that a terminal initiates random access to a first satellite, wherein estimated coverage time of the first satellite for covering the terminal is greater than or equal to first time; or the terminal determines not to initiate random access, wherein the estimated coverage time of the first satellite coverage terminal is less than the first time; or the terminal determines not to initiate random access to the first satellite and initiates random access to a satellite of a next coverage terminal, wherein the estimated coverage time of the first satellite coverage terminal is less than the first time. Therefore, the terminal can flexibly select whether to initiate random access to the first satellite according to the first time and the estimated time that the first satellite covers the terminal, so that the terminal can determine not to initiate random access on the first satellite when the estimated time that the first satellite covers the terminal does not meet the time that the terminal executes random access, and/or initiate random access on the satellite covering the terminal next, and the interruption of random access caused by the fact that the estimated time that the first satellite covers the terminal does not meet the time that the terminal executes random access is overcome.

In a possible implementation manner, the first time is received by the terminal from the network device, or the first time is determined by the terminal itself. In this way, the terminal may determine whether to initiate random access to the first satellite based on the first time and the estimated time of coverage of the terminal by the first satellite.

In one possible implementation, the first information further includes one or more of the following: a time threshold or a type of random access corresponding to the first time.

In one possible implementation, the type of random access corresponding to the first time includes one or more of the following: the four-step random access, the two-step random access or the two-step random access is returned to the four-step random access.

In a possible implementation manner, the determining, by the terminal, the first information includes: the terminal receives first information from the network device.

In a possible implementation manner, the method further includes: the terminal transmits second information to the network device, the second information including information indicating a time at which the terminal performs random access.

In one possible implementation, the second information further includes one or more of the following: the type of random access performed by the terminal or an indication indicating that the cause of the random access performed by the terminal is hopping.

In one possible implementation, the type of random access performed by the terminal includes one or more of the following: and four-step random access, two-step random access or two-step random access is returned to the four-step random access.

In one possible implementation, the second information is carried in a random access report.

In a possible implementation manner, before the terminal sends the second information to the network device, the method further includes: the terminal receives third information from the network equipment, wherein the third information is used for indicating the terminal to record the second information; and the terminal records the second information according to the third information.

In a possible implementation manner, after the terminal records the second information according to the third information, the method further includes: the terminal sends indication information for indicating the presence report to the network equipment; a terminal receives a message for requesting report reporting from network equipment; the terminal sends second information to the network equipment, and the second information comprises: and the terminal sends second information to the network equipment according to the message for requesting reporting.

In a possible implementation manner, the determining, by the terminal, the first information includes: the terminal determines the first information according to the situation of one or more times of random access executed by the terminal.

In a possible implementation manner, the method further includes: the terminal determines an estimated time of coverage of the terminal by the first satellite based on ephemeris, the ephemeris including one or more of: the flight orbit of the first satellite, the flight speed of the first satellite, the altitude of the first satellite, the position of the first satellite or the time information corresponding to the position of the first satellite.

In a possible implementation manner, the method further includes: the terminal compares the first time with an estimated time of coverage of the terminal by the first satellite.

In a possible implementation manner, the determining, by the terminal, the first information includes: the terminal receives the estimated time for the terminal to execute random access from the network equipment; the terminal determines first time according to the estimated time for the terminal to execute random access and third time; the third time is related to the size of the traffic of the terminal or the level of the priority of the traffic, or the third time is a value received from the network device or a value predetermined by the terminal or a value specified by the communication protocol.

In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a communication method, including: the network equipment determines first information, wherein the first information comprises first time, and the first time is greater than or equal to the estimated time for the terminal to execute random access; the network equipment sends the first information to the terminal. In this way, after receiving the first information, the terminal may determine whether to initiate random access to the first satellite according to the first time and the estimated coverage time of the first satellite for covering the terminal.

In one possible implementation manner, the type of random access corresponding to the first time includes one or more of the following: and four-step random access, two-step random access or two-step random access is returned to the four-step random access.

In one possible implementation, the determining, by the network device, the first information includes: the network device receives second information from the terminal, the second information including information indicating a time at which the terminal performs random access.

In one possible implementation, the determining, by the network device, the first information includes: the network equipment respectively acquires the time for each equipment to execute random access from a plurality of equipment; and the network equipment calculates to obtain the first time according to the time of executing random access by each equipment.

In a possible implementation manner, the calculating, by the network device, the first time according to the time for each device to perform the random access includes: the network equipment calculates the estimated value of random access according to the time of executing random access by each equipment.

In a possible implementation manner, before the network device receives the second information from the terminal, the method further includes: the network equipment sends third information to the terminal, wherein the third information is used for indicating the terminal to record the second information; the network equipment receives indication information used for indicating the presence report from the terminal; and the network equipment sends a message for requesting report reporting to the terminal according to the network requirement.

In a possible implementation manner, the method further includes: the network equipment sends ephemeris to the terminal, wherein the ephemeris comprises one or more of the following information: the time information corresponding to the flight orbit of the first satellite, the flight speed of the first satellite, the altitude of the first satellite, the position of the first satellite or the position of the first satellite, wherein the first satellite is a satellite covering the terminal.

In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a communication method, including: the terminal receives third information from the network equipment, wherein the third information is used for indicating the terminal to record second information, and the second information comprises information indicating the time for the terminal to execute random access; the terminal determines second information according to the third information; and the terminal sends the second information to the network equipment.

In one possible implementation, the third information includes one or more of the following: information for indicating a time when the terminal records random access is performed, information for indicating a type of random access performed by the terminal, or information for indicating that a cause of the random access performed by the terminal is hopping.

In a possible implementation manner, the second information is carried in a random access report, and/or the third information is carried in a random access report.

In a possible implementation manner, before the terminal sends the second information to the network device, the method further includes: the terminal sends indication information for indicating the presence report to the network equipment; a terminal receives a message for requesting report reporting from network equipment; the terminal sends second information to the network equipment, and the second information comprises: and the terminal sends second information to the network equipment according to the message for requesting reporting.

In a possible implementation manner, the sending, by the terminal, indication information for indicating a presence report to the network device includes: in the process of establishing the Radio Resource Control (RRC) in an idle state of the terminal or in the process of recovering the RRC in a deactivated state of the terminal, the terminal sends indication information for indicating the existence report to the network equipment.

In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a communication method, including: the network equipment sends third information to the terminal, wherein the third information is used for indicating the terminal to record second information, and the second information comprises information indicating the time for the terminal to execute random access; the network device receives the second information from the terminal.

In one possible implementation, the third information includes one or more of the following: information for indicating that the terminal records a time when random access is performed, information for indicating a type of random access performed by the terminal, or information for indicating that a cause of the random access performed by the terminal is hopping.

In one possible implementation, the type of random access performed by the terminal includes one or more of the following: the four-step random access, the two-step random access or the two-step random access is returned to the four-step random access.

In a possible implementation manner, the second information is carried in a random access report, and/or the third information is carried in the random access report.

In a possible implementation manner, before the network device receives the second information from the terminal, the method further includes: the network equipment receives indication information used for indicating the existence report from the terminal; and the network equipment sends a message for requesting report reporting to the terminal according to the network requirement.

In a fifth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a communication apparatus. The communication device may be a terminal, or may be a chip or system of chips within a terminal. The communication device may include a processing unit and a communication unit. When the communication device is a terminal, the processing unit may be a processor and the communication unit may be a communication interface or interface circuit. The communication device may further comprise a storage unit, which may be a memory. The storage unit is configured to store instructions, and the processing unit executes the instructions stored in the storage unit, so as to enable the terminal to implement the first aspect or the communication method described in any one of the possible implementation manners of the first aspect. When the communication device is a chip or a system of chips within a terminal, the processing unit may be a processor and the communication unit may be a communication interface. For example, the communication interface may be an input/output interface, a pin or a circuit, etc. The processing unit executes the instructions stored by the storage unit to cause the terminal to implement the first aspect or one of the possible implementations of the first aspect. The memory unit may be a memory unit (e.g., register, cache, etc.) within the chip, or may be a memory unit (e.g., read only memory, random access memory, etc.) within the terminal that is external to the chip.

Exemplarily, the processing unit is configured to determine first information, where the first information includes a first time, and the first time is greater than or equal to an estimated time for the terminal to perform random access; a processing unit to perform one of: initiating random access to a first satellite, wherein the estimated coverage time of the first satellite for covering a terminal is greater than or equal to first time; or determining not to initiate random access, wherein the estimated coverage time of the first satellite coverage terminal is less than the first time; or determining not to initiate random access to the first satellite and initiating random access to a satellite of a next coverage terminal, wherein the estimated coverage time of the first satellite coverage terminal is less than the first time.

In a possible implementation manner, the first time is received by the terminal from the network device, or the first time is determined by the terminal itself.

In one possible implementation, the type of random access corresponding to the first time includes one or more of the following: and four-step random access, two-step random access or two-step random access is returned to the four-step random access.

In a possible implementation manner, the communication unit is specifically configured to receive the first information from the network device.

In a possible implementation manner, the communication unit is specifically configured to send second information to the network device, where the second information includes information indicating a time when the terminal performs the random access.

In a possible implementation manner, the communication unit is specifically configured to receive third information from the network device, where the third information is used to instruct the terminal to record the second information; and the terminal records the second information according to the third information.

In a possible implementation manner, the communication unit is specifically configured to send, to the network device, indication information for indicating the presence report; a communication unit, specifically configured to receive a message for requesting report reporting from a network device; the communication unit is specifically configured to send second information to the network device, and includes: and the terminal sends second information to the network equipment according to the message for requesting reporting.

In a possible implementation manner, the processing unit is specifically configured to determine the first information according to one or more conditions of random access performed by the terminal.

In a possible implementation, the processing unit is specifically configured to determine the estimated coverage time of the first satellite-covered terminal according to ephemeris, where the ephemeris includes one or more of the following information: the flight orbit of the first satellite, the flight speed of the first satellite, the altitude of the first satellite, the position of the first satellite or the time information corresponding to the position of the first satellite.

In a possible implementation manner, the processing unit is specifically configured to compare the first time with an estimated coverage time of the first satellite coverage terminal.

In a possible implementation manner, the communication unit is specifically configured to receive an estimated time for the terminal to perform random access from the network device; the processing unit is specifically used for determining first time according to the estimated time for the terminal to execute random access and third time; the third time is related to the size of the traffic of the terminal or the level of the priority of the traffic, or the third time is a value received from the network device or a value predetermined by the terminal or a value specified by the communication protocol.

In a sixth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a communication apparatus. The communication device may be a network device, or may be a chip or a system of chips in the network device. The communication device may include a processing unit and a communication unit. When the communication device is a network device, the processing unit may be a processor and the communication unit may be a communication interface or interface circuit. The communication device may further comprise a storage unit, which may be a memory. The storage unit is configured to store instructions, and the processing unit executes the instructions stored by the storage unit to enable the network device to implement the communication method described in the second aspect or any one of the possible implementations of the second aspect. When the communication means is a chip or a system of chips within a network device, the processing unit may be a processor and the communication unit may be a communication interface. For example, the communication interface may be an input/output interface, a pin or a circuit, etc. The processing unit executes the instructions stored by the storage unit to cause the network device to implement a communication method as described in the second aspect or any one of the possible implementations of the second aspect. The storage unit may be a storage unit (e.g., a register, a cache, etc.) within the chip, or a storage unit (e.g., a read-only memory, a random access memory, etc.) external to the chip within the network device.

Exemplarily, the processing unit is configured to determine first information, where the first information includes a first time, and the first time is greater than or equal to an estimated time for the terminal to perform random access; a communication unit for transmitting the first information to the terminal.

In a possible implementation manner, the communication unit is specifically configured to receive second information from the terminal, where the second information includes information indicating a time when the terminal performs the random access.

In a possible implementation manner, the communication unit is specifically configured to obtain, from the multiple devices, time for each device to perform random access; and the processing unit is specifically configured to calculate a first time according to the time for each device to perform random access.

In a possible implementation manner, the processing unit is specifically configured to calculate, according to a time for each device to perform random access, a first time, and includes: the network equipment calculates the estimated value of random access according to the time of executing random access by each equipment.

In a possible implementation manner, the communication unit is specifically configured to send third information to the terminal, where the third information is used to instruct the terminal to record the second information; a communication unit, specifically configured to receive indication information indicating a presence report from a terminal; and the communication unit is specifically used for sending a message for requesting report reporting to the terminal according to the network requirement.

In a possible implementation manner, the communication unit is specifically configured to send ephemeris to the terminal, where the ephemeris includes one or more of the following information: the flight orbit of the first satellite, the flight speed of the first satellite, the altitude of the first satellite, the position of the first satellite or the time information corresponding to the position of the first satellite, wherein the first satellite is a satellite covering the terminal.

In a seventh aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a communication apparatus. The communication device may be a terminal, or may be a chip or system of chips within a terminal. The communication device may include a processing unit and a communication unit. When the communication device is a terminal, the processing unit may be a processor and the communication unit may be a communication interface or an interface circuit. The communication device may further comprise a storage unit, which may be a memory. The storage unit is configured to store instructions, and the processing unit executes the instructions stored in the storage unit, so as to enable the terminal to implement the communication method described in the third aspect or any one of the possible implementation manners of the third aspect. When the communication device is a chip or a system of chips within a terminal, the processing unit may be a processor and the communication unit may be a communication interface. For example, the communication interface may be an input/output interface, a pin or a circuit, etc. The processing unit executes the instructions stored by the storage unit to cause the terminal to implement one of the communication methods described in the third aspect or any one of the possible implementations of the third aspect. The memory unit may be a memory unit (e.g., register, cache, etc.) within the chip, or may be a memory unit (e.g., read only memory, random access memory, etc.) within the terminal that is external to the chip.

Illustratively, the communication unit is configured to receive third information from the network device, the third information being used to instruct the terminal to record second information, the second information including information indicating a time when the terminal performs random access; a processing unit for determining second information according to the third information; and the terminal sends the second information to the network equipment.

In one possible implementation, the third information includes one or more of the following: information for indicating that the terminal records a time when random access is performed, information for indicating a type of random access performed by the terminal, or information for indicating that a cause of random access performed by the terminal is a hopping.

In a possible implementation manner, the communication unit is specifically configured to send, to the network device, indication information for indicating the presence report; a communication unit, specifically configured to receive a message for requesting report reporting from a network device; and the communication unit is specifically configured to send the second information to the network device according to the message for requesting reporting of the report.

In a possible implementation manner, the communication unit is specifically configured to send, to the network device, indication information for indicating a presence report in a radio resource control RRC establishment process when the terminal is in an idle state or in an RRC recovery process when the terminal is in a deactivated state.

In an eighth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a communication apparatus. The communication device may be a network device, and may also be a chip or a chip system in the network device. The communication device may include a processing unit and a communication unit. When the communication apparatus is a network device, the processing unit may be a processor, and the communication unit may be a communication interface or an interface circuit. The communication device may further comprise a storage unit, which may be a memory. The storage unit is configured to store instructions, and the processing unit executes the instructions stored by the storage unit to enable the network device to implement a communication method described in the fourth aspect or any one of the possible implementation manners of the fourth aspect. When the communication means is a chip or a system of chips within a network device, the processing unit may be a processor and the communication unit may be a communication interface. For example, the communication interface may be an input/output interface, a pin or a circuit, or the like. The processing unit executes the instructions stored by the storage unit to cause the network device to implement a communication method as described in the fourth aspect or any one of the possible implementations of the fourth aspect. The storage unit may be a storage unit (e.g., a register, a cache, etc.) within the chip, or a storage unit (e.g., a read-only memory, a random access memory, etc.) external to the chip within the network device.

Exemplarily, the communication unit is configured to send third information to the terminal, where the third information is used to instruct the terminal to record second information, and the second information includes information indicating a time when the terminal performs random access; and the communication unit is used for receiving the second information from the terminal.

In a possible implementation manner, the communication unit is specifically configured to receive indication information for indicating a presence report from the terminal; and the communication unit is specifically used for sending a message for requesting report reporting to the terminal according to the network requirement.

In a ninth aspect, embodiments of the present application provide a computer-readable storage medium, in which a computer program or instructions are stored, and when the computer program or instructions are run on a computer, the computer is caused to execute the communication method described in any one of the implementation manners of the first aspect to the fourth aspect.

In a tenth aspect, embodiments of the present application provide a computer program product including instructions that, when executed on a computer, cause the computer to perform the communication method described in any one implementation manner of the first aspect to the fourth aspect.

In an eleventh aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a communication system, where the system includes any one or more of the following: the communication device described in the fifth aspect and the various possible implementations of the fifth aspect, the communication device described in the sixth aspect and the various possible implementations of the sixth aspect, the communication device described in the seventh aspect and the various possible implementations of the seventh aspect, and the communication device described in the eighth aspect and the various possible implementations of the eighth aspect.

In a twelfth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a communication apparatus, where the apparatus includes a processor and a storage medium, where the storage medium stores instructions, and the instructions, when executed by the processor, implement the communication method as described in any implementation manner of the first aspect to the fourth aspect.

In a thirteenth aspect, the present application provides a chip or a chip system, where the chip or the chip system includes at least one processor and a communication interface, where the communication interface and the at least one processor are interconnected by a line, and the at least one processor is configured to execute a computer program or instructions to perform the communication method described in any one of the implementation manners of the first aspect to the fourth aspect. The communication interface in the chip may be an input/output interface, a pin, a circuit, or the like.

In one possible implementation, the chip or chip system described above in this application further comprises at least one memory having instructions stored therein. The memory may be a storage unit inside the chip, such as a register, a cache, etc., or may be a storage unit of the chip (e.g., a read-only memory, a random access memory, etc.).

It should be understood that the second aspect to the thirteenth aspect of the present application correspond to the technical solutions of the first aspect of the present application, and the beneficial effects achieved by the aspects and the corresponding possible implementations are similar and will not be described again.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary network architecture of a satellite communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an application scenario according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an architecture of an application scenario provided in an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 4 is a schematic architecture diagram of an application scenario provided in the embodiment of the present application;

fig. 5 is a schematic architecture diagram of an application scenario provided in the embodiment of the present application;

fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of Radio Resource Control (RRC) state transition according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a network architecture in which a plurality of Distributed Units (DUs) share a Centralized Unit (CU), according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 8 is a schematic flowchart of a four-step random access method according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 9 is a schematic flowchart of a two-step random access method according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 10 is a schematic view of a satellite flight trajectory provided in an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of a network structure of a non-terrestrial network (NTN) airborne platform according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of a mobile beam pattern for satellite and cell communication according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of a fixed beam pattern for satellite and cell communication according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 14 is a flowchart illustrating a communication method according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 15 is a flowchart illustrating a communication method according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 16 is a flowchart illustrating a communication method according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 17 is a flowchart illustrating a communication method according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 18 is a flowchart illustrating a communication method according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 19 is a schematic structural diagram of a communication device according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 20 is a schematic structural diagram of a communication device according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 21 is a schematic structural diagram of a terminal according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 22 is a schematic structural diagram of a network device according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 23 is a schematic structural diagram of a chip according to an embodiment of the present application.

Detailed Description

In the embodiments of the present application, terms such as "first" and "second" are used to distinguish the same or similar items having substantially the same function and action. For example, the first information and the second information are only for distinguishing different information, and the order of the information is not limited. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the terms "first," "second," and the like do not denote any order or importance, but rather the terms "first," "second," and the like do not denote any order or importance.

It should be noted that in the embodiments of the present application, words such as "exemplary" or "for example" are used to indicate examples, illustrations or explanations. Any embodiment or design described herein as "exemplary" or "e.g.," is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments or designs. Rather, use of the word "exemplary" or "such as" is intended to present concepts related in a concrete fashion.

In the embodiments of the present application, "at least one" means one or more, "a plurality" means two or more. "and/or" describes the association relationship of the associated object, indicating that there may be three relationships, for example, a and/or B, which may indicate: a exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone, wherein A and B can be singular or plural. The character "/" generally indicates that the former and latter associated objects are in an "or" relationship. "at least one of the following" or similar expressions refer to any combination of these items, including any combination of the singular or plural items. For example, at least one (one) of a, b, or c, may represent: a, b, c, a-b, a-c, b-c, or a-b-c, wherein a, b, c may be single or multiple.

The method of the embodiment of the present application may be applied to a non-terrestrial network (NTN) system or a Long Term Evolution (LTE) system, or may be applied to a fifth generation new radio interface (5 g NR) system for mobile communication, or a future mobile communication system.

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a typical network architecture of a satellite communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, and as shown in fig. 1, the satellite communication system includes a terminal 101, a satellite 102, a ground station 103, and a core network 104. The core network 104 may include a User Plane Function (UPF) unit 105, a mobility management function (AMF) unit 106, a Session Management Function (SMF) unit 107, and a Data Network (DN) 108. Typically, terminal 101 may access a network over the air to complete communication with satellite 102, and satellite 102 is coupled to ground station 104 via a wireless link (e.g., a Next Generation (NG) interface). Meanwhile, a wireless link also exists between the satellites 102, and the satellites 102 can complete signaling interaction and user data transmission with another satellite through an Xn interface. The various network elements and interfaces in fig. 1 are illustrated as follows:

the terminal 101 may access a satellite network through an air interface and initiate services such as calling and surfing, and the terminal may be a mobile device supporting 5G NR. Illustratively, the terminal 101 may be a terminal in a 5G network, a terminal in a future evolved Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) or other future communication system, and the like. For example, the terminal 101 may be a terminal having a wireless communication function (referred to as a wireless terminal for short), and the terminal may also include a wired communication function, for example, the terminal may be a router having a wireless communication function; a wireless terminal may refer to a device that provides voice and/or data connectivity to a user, and may also be a handheld device, a virtual \ hybrid \ augmented reality device, or other processing device connected to a wireless modem, a vehicle mounted device, a wearable device, with wireless connectivity. A wireless terminal may communicate with one or more core networks via a Radio Access Network (RAN), and may be a mobile terminal and a computer having a mobile terminal, for example, the mobile terminal may be a mobile phone (or called "cellular" phone), a tablet computer, a laptop computer, the computer having a mobile terminal may be a portable, pocket, hand-held, computer-included, or vehicle-mounted mobile device, and the mobile terminal and the computer having a mobile terminal exchange languages and/or data with the RAN. Examples of such devices include Personal Communication Service (PCS) phones, cordless phones, session Initiation Protocol (SIP) phones, wireless Local Loop (WLL) stations, terrestrial base stations (e.g., NR nodebs), ground Stations (GS), personal Digital Assistants (PDAs), and the like. A wireless terminal may also be referred to as a system, a Subscriber Unit (SU), a Subscriber Station (SS), a mobile station (MB), a mobile station (mobile), a Remote Station (RS), an Access Point (AP), a Remote Terminal (RT), an Access Terminal (AT), a User Terminal (UT), or a User Agent (UA).

The satellite 102 may provide wireless access services for the terminal 101, for example, the satellite 102 may schedule wireless resources for the accessed terminal 101, thereby providing reliable services such as wireless transmission protocol and data encryption protocol for the terminal 101. The satellite 102 refers to a base station for wireless communication, such as an evolved node base station and a 5G base station, using an artificial earth satellite, a high altitude vehicle, or the like.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an architecture of an application scenario provided in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in fig. 2, in the communication process between the UE and the base station (gNB), the satellite is interconnected and communicated with the NTN gateway through an NR Uu interface, the gNB is interconnected and communicated with a 5G core network (5G CN) through a Next Generation (NG) interface, and the 5G CN is interconnected and communicated with a data network through an N6 interface. Wherein, the network communication segment between the UE and the gNB is called a remote radio unit (remote radio unit), and the NG-RAN node is used to ensure the normal operation of the communication between the UE and the 5G CN. The satellite may act as an L1 relay (relay) for radio frequency filtering, frequency translation and amplification, regenerating the physical layer signals so that they are not visible at protocol layers above the physical layer.

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an application scenario provided in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in fig. 3, the satellite may be a base station, for example, the satellite is interconnected to communicate with the UE through an NR Uu interface, the satellite is interconnected to communicate with the 5G CN through an NG interface, and the 5G CN is interconnected to communicate with the data network through an N6 interface; in the process of the interconnection communication between the satellite and the 5G CN, the NTN gateway is used for connecting network segments using different protocols to ensure normal communication, in the network segment of the satellite-NTN gateway, the NG interface is an NG interface deployed in a Satellite Radio Interface (SRI), and the NG-RAN node is used for ensuring normal operation of the communication between the UE and the 5G CN.

Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an application scenario provided in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in fig. 4, a satellite may serve as a base station, and different from the architecture description of the application scenario in fig. 3, the satellite is in communication with a UE through an NR Ju interface, and at the same time, the satellite is in communication with another satellite serving as a base station through an Xn interface, where the Xn interface may be deployed on an inter-satellite link (ISL), and the NG-RAN node is used to ensure normal operation of communication between the UE and the 5G CN.

Exemplarily, fig. 5 is a schematic architecture diagram of an application scenario provided in the embodiment of the present application. As shown in fig. 5, the satellite may be a Distributed Unit (DU), for example, the satellite may be in communication with the UE via an NR Uu interface, the gNB-DU may be in communication with the gNB-CU via an F1 interface, the gNB-CU may be in communication with the 5G CN via an NG interface, and the 5G CN may be in communication with the data network via an N6 interface; the F1 interface may be deployed on the SRI, the NTN gateway is used to connect network segments using different protocols to ensure normal communication, and the NG-RAN node is used to ensure normal communication between the UE and the 5G CN.

In a New Radio (NR) system, radio Resource Control (RRC) states of a User Equipment (UE) (or referred to as a terminal) include a CONNECTED state (RRC _ CONNECTED), an IDLE state (RRC _ IDLE), and a deactivated state (RRC _ INACTIVE, or referred to as a third state). Wherein the inactive (inactive) state is a newly introduced state in 5G, which is between the connected state and the idle state. In the inactive state, the terminal and the access network device have no RRC connection, but maintain the connection between the access network device and the core network device, and the terminal stores all or part of the information necessary for establishing/recovering the connection. Therefore, in the inactive state, when the terminal needs to establish a connection, the terminal can quickly establish/recover the RRC connection with the access network device according to the stored related information.

When the UE is in an RRC _ CONNECTED state, links are established among the UE, the base station and the core network, and when data arrives at the network, the data can be directly transmitted to the UE; when the UE is in an RRC _ INACTIVE state, the UE is indicated to establish a link with the base station and a core network before, but the link from the UE to the base station is released, but the base station can store the context of the UE, and when data needs to be transmitted, the base station can quickly recover the link; when the UE is in the RRC _ IDLE state, there is no link between the UE and the base station and between the UE and the network, and when there is data to be transmitted, a link from the UE to the base station and the core network needs to be established.

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of RRC state transition provided in an embodiment of the present application, and as shown in fig. 6, when a UE initially enters an IDLE state, the UE may enter an RRC _ CONNECTED state by initiating random access and requesting to establish an RRC connection; when the UE is in the RRC _ CONNECTED state, the RRC _ IDLE state may be entered by releasing the RRC connection. When the UE is in the RRC _ INACTIVE state, the UE may enter the RRC _ IDLE state by releasing the RRC connection, or the UE may enter the RRC _ CONNECTED state by temporarily restoring the RRC connection.

In the 5G NR system, the scenario in which the random access procedure occurs may include: the terminal is initially accessed and is converted into an RRC _ CONNECTED state from an RRC _ IDLE state; after the wireless connection is interrupted, the terminal reestablishes or recovers the RRC _ CONNECTED state from the RRC _ IDLE state or the RRC _ INACTIVE state; when switching, the terminal needs to establish uplink synchronization with the target cell; when the terminal is in a connected state but the uplink of the terminal is asynchronous, uplink data or downlink data arrives at the moment, and uplink synchronization can be established through random access; the terminal is in an idle state or a deactivation state, and when the user positioning is carried out based on uplink measurement, the positioning service is completed through random access; when no dedicated scheduling request resource is allocated on a Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH), an uplink resource is applied by random access.

The process of initiating random access by a terminal may be generally regarded as a process of performing interactive communication with a network device. Wherein the network device may be an access network device in a Radio Access Network (RAN), such as a base station; optionally, the base station may be a terrestrial base station, such as a gNB, such as a base station with a split architecture including a Centralized Unit (CU) and a DU, or the base station may also be a satellite; the RAN may be connected to a core network, which may be a core network of LTE or a core network of 5G.

In a possible manner, the CU and the DU may be understood as a division of the base station from a logical function perspective, and the CU and the DU may be physically separated or disposed together. For example, a plurality of DUs may share one CU or one DU may connect a plurality of CUs, and the CUs and the DUs may be connected to each other through the F1 interface. Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a network architecture in which a plurality of DUs share a CU according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 7, a core network and a RAN are interconnected for communication, a base station in the RAN is separated into a CU and a DU, and the plurality of DUs share a CU. The network architecture shown in fig. 7 may be applied to a 5G communication system, and may also share one or more components or resources with an LTE system.

In a possible implementation, the CUs and the DUs may be partitioned according to protocol layers of the wireless network. Illustratively, one possible division manner is to divide the CU according to a function of the CU for executing an RRC layer, a Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) layer, or a Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer, and to divide the DU for executing a function of a Radio Link Control (RLC) layer, an MAC layer, or a physical (physical) layer.

Illustratively, the functionality of a CU may be implemented by one entity or by different entities. For example, the function of the CU may be further divided, for example, a Control Plane (CP) and a User Plane (UP) are separated, which may be understood as a control plane (CU-CP) and a user plane (CU-UP) of the CU after separation; for example, CU-CP and CU-UP can be implemented by different functional entities, and CU-CP and CU-UP can be coupled with DUs to collectively perform the functions of a base station.

The method for initiating random access by a terminal may include a four-step random access method and a two-step random access method, fig. 8 is a schematic flow diagram of the four-step random access method provided in the embodiment of the present application, and fig. 9 is a schematic flow diagram of the two-step random access method provided in the embodiment of the present application.

For example, in the flow diagram of the four-step random access method shown in fig. 8, the following 5 steps may be included.

S801: and initializing random access.

The random access initialization procedure may be triggered by a Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) order or a Medium Access Control (MAC) sublayer or the RRC sublayer itself.

A terminal typically performs only one random access procedure at any one time. If the terminal receives the newly initiated random access request in one random access process, the implementation of the terminal side determines to continue the ongoing random access process or start a new random access process.

S802: the terminal sends a random access preamble to the network device.

In a possible implementation, a Random Access Point (RAP) is carried in the first message (Msg 1). The RAP may serve to inform the network device of a random access request and enable the network device to estimate a transmission delay between the network device and the terminal, so that the network device may calibrate an uplink timing and inform the terminal of the calibration information through a timing advance command. As new random access scenarios are introduced in the 5G NR system, random access may also be used for other requests of the terminal in the new scenarios.

S803: the terminal receives a Random Access Response (RAR) sent by the network device.

In a possible implementation, the random access response is carried in a second message (Msg 2), and the PDCCH carrying the Msg2 scheduling message may be scrambled with an RA-RNTI. The terminal may monitor the PDCCH using a random access radio network temporary identifier (RA-RNTI), and if receiving scheduling information belonging to the terminal, such as Downlink Control Information (DCI), the terminal may receive, according to the DCI, an RAR message sent from a network device on a Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH).

The RAR may include one or more of an uplink timing advance, an uplink grant (UL grant) allocated for the third message (Msg 3), a temporary cell radio network temporary identifier (cell radio network temporary identifier, temporary C-RNTI) allocated at the network side, and the like.

S804: the terminal sends a message (e.g., msg 3) based on scheduled transmission (scheduled transmission) to the network device.

In a possible implementation manner, the terminal sends Msg3 to the network device through a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) according to the uplink grant and the uplink timing advance information in the Msg2, and the Msg3 content may also be different according to different terminal states and different application scenarios. Illustratively, msg3 may include one or more of: RRC connection request, tracking area data update, resource scheduling request, etc.

S805: the terminal receives a contention resolution message (e.g., a fourth message (Msg 4)) sent by the network device.

Contention occurs when multiple terminals initiate random access using the same preamble. Only one terminal at most among terminals competing for the same resource can access successfully. At this time, the network device sends a contention resolution message to the terminal through the PDSCH.

For the competitive random access, in order to shorten the random access delay, the 5G NR system may support a two-step random access method in addition to a four-step random access method. Illustratively, fig. 9 shows a flow diagram of a two-step random access of the 5G NR system.

S901: the terminal sends a message a (MsgA) to the network device.

In a possible implementation, the MsgA includes a random access signal and payload data, the random access signal may include a preamble and/or a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), and the random access signal is used for receiving the payload data, for example, a network device may determine a transmission boundary (e.g., a start position and an end position of a slot (slot) for transmitting the payload data) of the payload data or demodulate the payload data according to the random access signal. The payload data may be control plane data and/or user plane data, and the payload data may correspond to content contained in Msg3 in the four-step random access mechanism. For example, the payload data may include one or more of the following: RRC connection request, identification of the terminal, scheduling request, buffer Status Report (BSR), or real traffic data. The identifier of the terminal may be C-RNTI, a temporary mobile subscriber identity (s-TMSI), or an identifier of the terminal in an inactive state (e.g., a subscriber identity). What type of identity is specifically carried in the payload data may depend on different random access trigger events.

After the network device receives the MsgA sent by the terminal, the network device decodes the random access signal and the payload data, and the decoding results are successful decoding and unsuccessful decoding, and table 1 shows possible decoding results.

TABLE 1

	Random access signal	Payload data
Case 1	Unsuccessful decoding	Unsuccessful decoding
Case 2	Unsuccessful decoding	Successful decoding
Case 3	Successful decoding	Unsuccessful decoding
Case 4	Successful decoding	Successful decoding

S902: the network device sends a message B (MsgB) to the terminal.

In a possible implementation, msgB is used to carry a response message for the random access signal and payload data. The response message refers to a response message for requesting random access, and may also be referred to as a random access response (message B), and the response message may include one or more of the following: information of the temporary C-RNTI, information of a timing advance command (TA command), information of an uplink grant, or contention resolution identification (contention resolution ID) information. Wherein, the competition resolving identification information may be part or all of the content of the payload data. The response message may also include a control plane message, and may also be regarded as a response message transmitted based on scheduling, for example, according to different terminal states and different random access trigger scenarios, the RAR may further include an RRC connection (RRC setup) message, an RRC reestablishment (RRC reestablishment) message, or an RRC resume (RRC resume) message.

In the 3gpp TS 38.331 protocol, when the UE receives the configuration sent by the network device in the RRC _ CONNECTED state, the UE in the RRC _ IDLE state or the RRC _ INACTIVE state records the event or the state according to the configuration when the UE satisfies the trigger condition in the configuration. One of the report types is a random access report, which is used to record information related to successful random access. After receiving the report sent by the UE, the base station adjusts the corresponding parameter configuration according to the report content, and when all the random accesses reported by the UEs show that a collision is detected, the base station adjusts the physical layer resource of the random access, for example, the base station allocates more time-frequency resources to perform the competitive random access for the UEs, so as to reduce the collision. The UE records the whole random access procedure, and for example, the detailed records included therein may be whether a preamble is transmitted on a Synchronization Signal Block (SSB) or a channel state information-reference signal (CSI-RS), how many times a preamble is tried to be transmitted on each SSB or CSI-RS, whether a collision is detected or whether a downlink Reference Signal Receiving Power (RSRP) satisfies a certain threshold each time a preamble is tried.

In a possible implementation manner, a UE side may store a plurality of random access reports, the UE reports the random access reports under the requirement of a base station, and a specific cell of each random access report may include a cell ID, physical layer information of the cell, or a physical layer resource used by the UE to send a preamble; the cell ID may be a Cell Global Identifier (CGI), the physical layer information of the cell may be absolute frequency point information, a bandwidth, or a subcarrier interval, and the physical layer resource used by the UE to send the preamble may be frequency point information or a subcarrier interval. The purpose of the UE to initiate random access may include one or more of the following: access correlation, beam failure recovery, handover, uplink asynchronism, scheduling request failure, unavailable uplink control channel resources, and secondary cell addition adjustment or cell system message request.

The satellite communication has the advantages of wide coverage area, wide communication range and the like, the research on the satellite communication is popular in the research field from the 60 th 19 th century to the present, and the status of a satellite communication network is further promoted in the future thanks to the concept of 'any time and any place' communication at present. Generally speaking, the higher the orbit of the satellite, the larger the coverage area, but the longer the time delay of the communication.

For example, fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of a flight orbit of a satellite according to an embodiment of the present application, and as shown in fig. 10, a low orbit (LEO) is a flight orbit in which a flight altitude of the satellite is the smallest from the ground, and a middle orbit (MEO) is a flight altitude of the satellite that is greater than the low orbit; the relative position between the satellite and the earth on a geostationary orbit (GEO) is not influenced by the rotation of the earth, and the height from the ground is larger than that of a middle orbit; a High Elliptic Orbit (HEO) is an orbit in which the height of the satellite flight is farthest from the ground, and the orbit of the satellite flight takes an elliptic shape.

Fig. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of an NTN airborne platform network according to an embodiment of the present application, which illustrates communication network subsystems at different track heights. For example, the rail height of an LEO is 160km-2000km, the rail height of an MEO is 7000km-25000km, the rail height of a GEO is 35786km, and the rail height of an HEO is 400km-50000km; the communication on the land can use a communication system of a cellular subnetwork to complete the communication with other base stations and equipment, the communication on the low latitude orbit can use a Low Altitude Platform (LAP) subnetwork communication system to complete the communication with the base stations and equipment on the land, and the communication on the high latitude orbit can use a High Altitude Platform (HAP) subnetwork system to complete the communication with the base stations and equipment on the land.

In satellite communication, communication scenarios of a satellite and a cell may include the following two scenarios:

scene one: in a cell covered by a GEO satellite (hereinafter, referred to as a GEO cell), since the GEO satellite is a geosynchronous satellite, the GEO satellite is stationary with respect to the ground regardless of whether the GEO satellite is a satellite or a cell projected on the ground. When the UE performs cell selection, reselection or handover in the GEO cell, the communication process is very similar to the terrestrial communication.

Scene two: in a non-stationary cell covered by a satellite such as an LEO or MEO, since an LEO satellite flies around the earth at a high speed, which is approximately 7km/s, the communication mode of the LEO satellite with the ground cell may include a moving beam mode and a fixed beam mode.

For example, fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of a moving beam pattern of a satellite and a cell communication provided in an embodiment of the present application, as shown in fig. 12, the moving beam pattern is a cell projected on the ground moving with an LEO satellite, and an antenna of the LEO satellite is always perpendicular to the ground; no matter the LEO satellite is used as an independent base station or a relay base station, a cell moves along with the LEO satellite, the relative distance between the LEO satellite and the cell is changed all the time, after a period of time, the signal of the LEO satellite may not cover the cell, if the network deployment is perfect, the next LEO satellite covers the cell, and because the satellite system is spherical, the next LEO satellite may come from various angles.

For example, fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of a fixed beam pattern for communication between a satellite and a cell according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 13, the fixed beam pattern is that a cell projected on the ground is stationary with respect to the ground, an above-mentioned LEO satellite completes coverage of the same position of the ground cell by adjusting an antenna angle, and when this LEO satellite cannot cover the ground cell, another LEO satellite may take over to cover the cell.

As can be seen from the moving beam pattern of satellite and cell communication shown in fig. 12 and the fixed beam pattern of satellite and cell communication shown in fig. 13, for a terrestrial cell or a UE moving in the cell, the satellite may hop due to certain conditions at a certain moment due to the flight of the satellite. Illustratively, one possible situation is that the base station to which the satellite is connected behind changes, for example, the satellite is originally connected to base station 1, and after a certain time the satellite becomes connected to base station 2. Illustratively, one possible scenario is that the satellite covering the cell changes, e.g. the cell is covered by satellite 1, and after a certain time the cell becomes covered by satellite 2.

In summary, when a non-geostationary satellite such as LEO flies at a high speed, on the one hand, the UE may fail to perform random access due to doppler effect. For example, when a satellite is used as a base station, frequency offset caused by relative motion speed between the UE and the satellite may cause the satellite to fail in decoding data, thereby causing the UE to fail in performing random access.

For example, when a satellite is used as a relay station, a base station connected behind the satellite may change or a satellite covering a cell may change, which may cause a probability that the UE fails to perform random access to the UE to be high. On one hand, the current random access report does not record the situation that the base station connected behind the satellite changes or the satellite covering a cell area changes, and does not have corresponding improvement measures to prevent the situation that the random access is half interrupted. On the other hand, the time for the ground base station to perform random access with the UE may be about tens of milliseconds depending on the implementation and the specific channel quality, but since the satellite is far away from the ground, the time delay from transmission to reception of the signal is very large, the time for one random access is likely to be about hundreds of milliseconds, for example, in an LEO satellite flying at a height of 1200km, and when the time delay for the LEO satellite as a relay station to communicate with the UE and the base station is about 40ms, the time consumption of the whole random access may be lengthened.

Based on this, the embodiment of the present application provides a communication method, where a terminal may flexibly select whether to initiate random access to a first satellite according to a first time and a time when the first satellite covers itself, so that the terminal may not initiate random access in the first satellite when the estimated time when the first satellite covers the terminal does not satisfy the time when the terminal performs random access, and/or initiate random access to a next satellite covering the terminal, thereby overcoming random access interruption caused by the estimated time when the first satellite covers the terminal does not satisfy the time when the terminal performs random access.

Some words of the embodiments of the present application are described below.

The time threshold described in the embodiment of the present application may be the shortest time for indicating that the satellite and the terminal are in a communication connection state after the terminal initiates random access to the satellite. The time threshold may be preset by the terminal, specified by the communication protocol, or received by the terminal from the network device. The specific value of the time threshold may be set according to an actual situation, and the embodiment of the present application does not limit the obtaining manner and the specific value of the time threshold. For example, the time threshold may be 50ms.

The type of the random access performed by the terminal described in the embodiments of the present application is used to indicate a specific type of the random access, for example, the type of the random access may include four-step random access, two-step random access, or two-step random access falling back to four-step random access. Type of

The reason for the random access performed by the terminal described in the embodiment of the present application is that the indication of the hopping is used to indicate that the terminal has experienced hopping when performing the random access last time, that is, the reason for the random access failure last time has experienced hopping, and thus the random access is triggered. A hop (hop) is used to indicate that a terminal performs random access in a case where a satellite mutation, which means that a satellite covering the terminal is mutated from a satellite 1 to a satellite 2, or a base station connected to the satellite is mutated, which means that the satellite covering the terminal is not changed but the base station connected to the satellite is changed from the base station 1 to the base station 2 as the satellite moves. The determination of the hopping may be specified by the communication protocol, for example, in the process of two random accesses performed by the terminal at a short time interval, such as 100 milliseconds, a phase difference value of Timing Advance (TA) of the two random accesses is greater than a first value, and the network device may determine that the hopping occurs; the TA indicates that the terminal sends a message to the base station in advance for a period of time, so that the time when the message arrives at the base station is exactly the time in the downlink configuration of the base station, and the specific value of the first value may be set according to an actual application scenario, which is not specifically limited in this embodiment of the present application. Alternatively, the decision to hop may be terminal-determined, e.g., the terminal may determine the period of time during which the hop occurs based on ephemeris.

In a possible case, when the satellite serves as a relay station during communication between the terminal and the base station, the terminal makes random access on the satellite, but communication between the satellite and the base station is interrupted due to a change of the base station connected behind the satellite, so that communication between the terminal and the base station is interrupted, which may be referred to as a terminal performing random access and generating a jump. For example, the terminal makes random access on the satellite, which initially forwards the data to base station 1, but after a certain time, the random access of the terminal to base station 1 is interrupted as the satellite becomes connected to base station 2.

In a possible case, when the satellite is used as a relay station in the process of communicating between the terminal and the base station, the terminal performs random access on the satellite, but the communication between the terminal and the satellite is interrupted due to the change of the satellite covering the cell where the terminal is located, so that the communication between the terminal and the base station is interrupted, which may be referred to as a jump caused by the terminal performing random access. For example, initially, the cell in which the terminal is located is covered by the satellite 1, and the satellite 1 retransmits data transmitted by the terminal, but after a certain time, the cell in which the terminal is located becomes covered by the satellite 2, so that the communication of the satellite 1 with the base station is interrupted, resulting in random access of the terminal and the base station.

The time of random access described in the embodiments of the present application is the time when the terminal completes one random access. For example, in the case that the terminal successfully performs random access, the time of the random access is the time from the first sending of the Msg1 by the terminal to the time when the Msg4 is received and successfully resolved by the network device; or, the time of random access is the time from the first sending of the MsgA to the time when the network device receives and successfully resolves the MsgB.

The time for the terminal to perform the random access described in the embodiments of the present application may be obtained based on the time required by one or more previous terminals to perform the random access. For example, the time for the terminal to perform random access may be an estimated value for the terminal to perform random access. The pre-estimated value can be obtained by performing mathematical operation based on an algorithm or a function, and the algorithm or the function can perform sum operation, maximum value operation, median operation or weighted sum operation. The coefficient in the weighted sum operation is a weight coefficient of the terminal, and the weight coefficient of the terminal device may be related to the number of times that the terminal performs random access and experiences hopping. For example, when the number of times that the terminal performs random access and experiences hopping is greater than or equal to a fifth value, the weight coefficient of the terminal is small; when the number of times of jumping performed by the terminal to execute random access is smaller than a fifth value, the weight coefficient of the terminal is large; the specific value of the fifth value may be set according to an actual application scenario, which is not specifically limited in this embodiment of the application.

The time related to the size of the traffic of the terminal and/or the level of the service priority described in the embodiment of the present application may be the time estimated by the terminal based on the size of the traffic of the terminal; or the terminal predicts the time based on the level of the service priority, or the terminal predicts the time based on the size of the terminal traffic and the level of the service priority.

In a possible implementation manner, the time related to the size of the traffic and/or the priority of the traffic of the terminal may be the time estimated by the terminal based on the size of the traffic of the terminal. For example, under the condition that the terminal traffic is large, the time estimated by the terminal is large, so that the random access process of the terminal traffic is guaranteed to be completed smoothly.

In a possible implementation manner, the time related to the size of the traffic of the terminal and/or the level of the traffic priority may be a time estimated by the terminal based on the level of the traffic priority. For example, under the condition that the service priority of the terminal is high, the time estimated by the terminal is short, so that all or part of the service of the terminal is ensured to complete random access.

In a possible implementation manner, the time related to the size of the traffic of the terminal and/or the level of the traffic priority may be a time estimated by the terminal based on the size of the traffic of the terminal and the level of the traffic priority. For example, in the case that the traffic volume of the terminal is large and the traffic priority is high, the time estimated by the terminal may be an estimated value of the time estimated by the terminal.

The first time described in the embodiments of the present application is related to the time when the terminal performs the random access. In a possible implementation, it may be determined whether the terminal initiates random access to the first satellite by comparing the first time with an estimated time of coverage of the terminal by the first satellite. The specific value of the first time may be a value set according to experience, or may be obtained based on a certain calculation, and the embodiment of the present application does not limit the specific value of the first time.

In one possible implementation, the first time may be a time for the terminal to perform random access estimated by the terminal; alternatively, the first time may be a time for the network device to perform random access for the terminal.

In one possible implementation, the first time may be a sum of a time threshold and a time estimated by the terminal to perform random access by the terminal; alternatively, the first time may also be the sum of the time threshold and the time estimated by the network device for the terminal to perform random access.

In one possible implementation, the first time may be a sum of a time that the network device predicts that the terminal performs random access and a time related to a size of traffic of the terminal and/or a level of a priority of the traffic.

The first information described in the embodiment of the present application may be used for the terminal to determine whether to initiate random access to the first satellite, where the first information includes first time, where the first time is greater than or equal to time for the terminal to perform random access estimated by the terminal, or the first time is greater than or equal to time for the network device to perform random access estimated by the terminal; the first time further comprises one or more of: the time threshold or the type of random access corresponding to the first time, where the type of random access corresponding to the first time may include one or more of the following: the four-step random access, the two-step random access or the two-step random access is returned to the four-step random access.

The ephemeris described in the embodiments of the present application may include one or more of the following information: the flight orbit of the satellite, the flight speed of the satellite, the altitude of the satellite, the position of the satellite or time information corresponding to the position of the satellite; the satellite may include one or more of the following: LEO satellites, MEO satellites, GEO satellites, HEO satellites, or space workstations.

The estimated coverage time of the satellite, such as the first satellite, covering the terminal as described in the embodiments of the present application may be determined by the terminal according to ephemeris. For example, the terminal may know that the satellite is present at a certain place at a certain time according to the ephemeris, and the terminal may estimate the time the satellite may cover the terminal by adding some auxiliary information, such as the beam projection angle of the satellite, the geographic information of the coverage area, the cell radius, and the like.

The following describes in detail the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application and how to solve the above technical problems with specific embodiments. The following embodiments may be implemented independently or in combination, and details of the same or similar concepts or processes may not be repeated in some embodiments.

Fig. 14 is a flowchart of a communication method according to an embodiment of the present application, including the following steps:

s1401: the terminal determines first information, the first information including a first time.

In this embodiment of the application, the first time may be determined by the terminal itself, or the first time may be received by the terminal from the network device, or the first time may be obtained by combining the time determined by the terminal and the time indicated by the network device.

In this embodiment of the present application, the network device is an access network device, and may be a device in a RAN in any architecture of fig. 2 to fig. 5. The network device may be a satellite or a ground base station, which is not limited herein. The communication between the terminal and the network device may include communication between the terminal and a satellite or communication between the terminal and a terrestrial base station. When the satellite is used as a relay, the communication between the terminal and the ground base station may be transmitted through the satellite, and in this case, in this embodiment, the communication between the terminal and the ground base station may be described as the terminal receiving from the ground base station, or the terminal receiving from the ground base station through the satellite, or the terminal transmitting to the ground base station, or the terminal transmitting to the satellite, or the terminal transmitting to the ground base station through the satellite.

For convenience of description, in this embodiment of the present application, the time threshold determined by the terminal itself is referred to as a first time threshold. For example, the first time threshold may be preset by the terminal, or specified by subscription data of the terminal, or a communication protocol. The time threshold determined by the network device is referred to as a second time threshold, and the second time threshold may be specified by the communication protocol or preset by the network device. The first time threshold and the second time threshold may be equal or unequal.

In a possible implementation manner, the first time is a time that the terminal performs random access, which is estimated by the terminal.

For example, the terminal may determine the first time according to the time of one or more random accesses performed by the terminal history. For example, the terminal may obtain the estimated time for the terminal to perform the random access according to the estimated value of the time for one or more times of the random access performed by the terminal history.

In a possible implementation manner, the first time is a time that the network device estimates to execute random access by the terminal.

For example, the network device may determine the time when the terminal performs the random access according to the time when each terminal performs the random access one or more times, and the network device sends the time when the terminal performs the random access to the terminal. For example, the network device may obtain an estimated value of the time for each terminal to perform one or more random accesses, so as to obtain the time for the terminal to perform random access, which is estimated by the network device.

In one possible implementation manner, the first time is a sum of a time threshold and a time estimated by the network device to perform random access by the terminal. In this implementation, one possible implementation of the terminal determining the first time may include the following examples:

in a first example, the terminal receives a second time threshold from the network device and the time that the network device estimates that the terminal performs random access, and the terminal determines the first time according to the second time threshold and the time that the network device estimates that the terminal performs random access. For example, the terminal may calculate the second time threshold and a predicted value of the time estimated by the network device to perform random access by the terminal, to obtain the first time.

In a second example, the terminal receives a second time threshold from the network device and an estimated value of time estimated by the network device to perform random access, and determines the second time threshold as the first time.

In a third example, the terminal receives the time that the network device predicts the terminal to perform the random access, and the terminal may determine the first time according to the first time threshold and the time that the network device predicts the terminal to perform the random access. For example, the terminal may calculate the first time threshold and an estimated value of time for the network device to perform random access, to obtain the first time.

In a fourth example, the terminal receives the second time threshold from the network device, and the terminal may determine the first time according to the second time threshold and the time that the terminal estimates to perform the random access. For example, the terminal may periodically count the time of one or more times of random access historically performed by the terminal, to obtain the time of random access performed by the terminal estimated by the terminal; further, the terminal may calculate a second time threshold and a predicted value of time for the terminal to perform random access, which is predicted by the terminal, to obtain the first time.

In a fifth example, the terminal may determine the first time according to the first time threshold and the time that the terminal performs the random access, which is estimated by the terminal. For example, the terminal may periodically count the time of one or more times of random access historically performed by the terminal, to obtain the time of random access performed by the terminal estimated by the terminal; the terminal may calculate a predicted value of the first time threshold and a time, estimated by the terminal, for the terminal to perform random access, to obtain the first time.

In a possible implementation manner, the first time is a time estimated by the network device to perform random access by the terminal and an estimated value of time related to the size of the traffic of the terminal and/or the level of the traffic priority. In this implementation, one possible implementation of the terminal determining the first time may include the following examples:

in a first example, the terminal receives the time that the network device estimates that the terminal performs the random access, and the terminal may determine the first time according to the time related to the size of the traffic of the terminal and the time that the network device estimates that the terminal performs the random access. For example, the terminal may calculate an estimated value of the time related to the size of the traffic of the terminal and the time estimated by the network device to perform the random access by the terminal, to obtain the first time.

In a second example, the terminal receives the time that the network device estimates that the terminal performs random access, and the terminal may determine the first time according to the time related to the service priority of the terminal and the time that the network device estimates that the terminal performs random access. For example, the terminal may calculate an estimated value of the time related to the service priority of the terminal and the time estimated by the network device to perform random access by the terminal, to obtain the first time.

In a third example, the terminal receives time that the network device predicts the terminal to perform random access, and the terminal determines the first time according to time related to the service priority of the terminal, and time that the network device predicts the terminal to perform random access. For example, the terminal may calculate an estimated value of a sum of times related to the service priority of the terminal, and a time that the network device estimates that the terminal performs random access, to obtain the first time.

In a fourth example, the terminal may determine the first time according to a time that the terminal estimates that the terminal performs random access and a time related to the size of the traffic of the terminal. For example, the terminal may periodically count the time of one or more times of random access historically performed by the terminal, to obtain the time of random access performed by the terminal estimated by the terminal; the terminal may calculate a predicted value of a time related to the size of the traffic of the terminal and a time for the terminal to perform random access, which is predicted by the terminal, to obtain a first time.

As a fifth example, the terminal may determine the first time according to the time estimated by the terminal to perform random access by the terminal and the time related to the service priority of the terminal. For example, the terminal may periodically count the time of one or more times of random access historically performed by the terminal, to obtain the time of random access performed by the terminal estimated by the terminal; the terminal may calculate a predicted value of time related to the service priority of the terminal and time estimated by the terminal to perform random access by the terminal, to obtain a first time.

As a sixth example, the terminal may determine the first time according to the time related to the service priority of the terminal, and the time estimated by the terminal to perform random access by the terminal. For example, the terminal may periodically count the time of one or more times of random access historically performed by the terminal, to obtain the time of random access performed by the terminal estimated by the terminal; the terminal may calculate a predicted value of a sum of times related to the service priority of the terminal, and a time that the terminal predicts that the terminal performs random access, to obtain the first time.

It can be understood that, in actual application, the terminal may also determine the first time in other manners according to an actual application scenario, and the specific implementation of determining the first time by the terminal is not limited in the embodiment of the present application.

In possible implementations, the number of first times may be one or more. For example, the first time may include one or more of the following: the terminal executes the first time corresponding to the four-step random access, the terminal executes the first time corresponding to the two-step random access, and the terminal executes the two-step random access and retreats to the first time corresponding to the four-step random access.

In a possible implementation manner, in the implementation of determining the first time by the terminal, the terminal may further determine the first time according to a type of random access.

For example, when the terminal calculates or receives the time corresponding to the two-step random access type from the network device, the terminal may further determine that the first time corresponding to performing the four-step random access may be half of the time for performing the two-step random access by the terminal.

For example, when the terminal calculates or receives the time corresponding to the four-step random access type from the network device, the terminal may further determine that the first time corresponding to performing the two-step random access may be twice the time for performing the four-step random access by the terminal.

S1402: and the terminal determines whether to initiate random access to the first satellite according to the first information and the estimated coverage time of the first satellite for covering the terminal.

In the embodiment of the present application, the estimated coverage time of the first satellite coverage terminal may be determined by the terminal itself, or may be obtained by the terminal from the network device.

For example, the coverage time may be acquired by the terminal based on ephemeris.

In one possible implementation, the ephemeris may be received by the terminal from the network device. For example, when the network device receives a random access request sent from the terminal, the network device may send an ephemeris to the terminal; alternatively, the network device may periodically send ephemeris to the terminal, and the terminal may obtain the coverage time based on the ephemeris.

In a possible implementation manner, the ephemeris may be preset for the terminal. For example, in a case where the terminal initiates random access with a fixed satellite, the terminal may preset ephemeris included in the satellite, and the terminal may acquire the coverage time based on the ephemeris.

In one possible implementation, the ephemeris may be transmitted from the satellite to the terminal. For example, a satellite covering the terminal may transmit ephemeris contained by the satellite to the terminal immediately before the terminal initiates random access, and the terminal may acquire a coverage time based on the ephemeris.

For example, the coverage time may be acquired by the network device based on ephemeris, and the network device sends the coverage time to the terminal.

In one possible implementation, the ephemeris may be preset for the network device. For example, when the terminal sends a random access request to the network device, the network device may obtain the coverage time based on the ephemeris, and the network device sends the coverage time to the terminal.

In one possible implementation, the network device receives ephemeris transmitted from a satellite. For example, when the terminal sends a random access request to the network device, the network device receives ephemeris from a satellite covering the terminal, the network device may acquire coverage time based on the ephemeris, and the network device sends the coverage time to the terminal.

In one possible implementation, the terminal initiates random access to the first satellite in a case where the estimated coverage time of the first satellite for covering the terminal is greater than or equal to the first time. For example, in a case that the estimated coverage time of the first satellite for covering the terminal is greater than or equal to the first time, the terminal in the RRC _ IDLE state or the RRC _ INACTIVE state may initiate four-step random access or two-step random access to the satellite, so that the terminal reestablishes or recovers the RRC _ CONNECTED state, thereby ensuring normal communication.

In one possible implementation, the terminal determines not to initiate random access in a case where the estimated coverage time of the first satellite for covering the terminal is less than the first time.

In one possible implementation of the estimated first satellite of the first satellite, in the case that the estimated coverage time of the first satellite for covering the terminal is less than the first time, the terminal may initiate random access to a satellite covering the terminal next, which means that the terminal determines not to initiate random access to the first satellite. For example, in the case that the estimated coverage time of the first satellite coverage terminal is less than the first time, the terminal in the RRC _ IDLE state or the RRC _ INACTIVE state may initiate four-step random access or two-step random access to the satellite of the next coverage terminal, so that the terminal reestablishes or recovers the RRC _ CONNECTED state, thereby ensuring normal communication.

In summary, the terminal may flexibly select whether to initiate random access to the first satellite being covered according to the first time and the estimated time that the first satellite covers the terminal, so that the terminal may initiate random access to the first satellite subsequently when the estimated time that the first satellite covers the terminal is greater than or equal to the first time. And under the condition that the estimated coverage time of the first satellite coverage terminal is less than the first time, the terminal determines not to initiate random access. The method comprises the steps that when the estimated coverage time of a first satellite covering a terminal is smaller than a first time, the terminal initiates random access to a next satellite covering the terminal, so that compared with a mode that the terminal directly executes random access, the number of times of interruption in the process that the terminal executes random access can be effectively reduced.

On the basis of the embodiment corresponding to fig. 14, in a possible implementation manner, the determining, by the terminal in S1401, the first information includes: the network equipment determines first information and sends the first information to the terminal. Illustratively, fig. 15 shows a specific communication method diagram.

Illustratively, the communication method shown in fig. 15 may include the steps of:

s1501: the network device determines first information, wherein the first information comprises first time.

In a possible implementation manner, the network device may calculate a predicted value of the random access according to the time when each terminal performs the random access and the type of the random access performed by each terminal, so as to obtain the first time.

For example, the network device may calculate the total number of times that each terminal performs four-step random access and the total time that each terminal performs four-step random access, and further, the network device may calculate the total time divided by the total number of times to obtain the first time.

For example, the network device may calculate a total number of times that each terminal performs two-step random access and a total time that each terminal performs two-step random access, and further, the network device may calculate the total time divided by the total number of times to obtain the first time.

For example, the network device may calculate the total number of times that each terminal performs two-step random access back to four-step random access and the total time that each terminal performs two-step random access back to four-step random access, and further, the network device may calculate the total time divided by the total number of times to obtain the first time.

For example, the network device may calculate total time for each terminal to perform four-step random access, two-step random access, and two-step random access to fall back to the four-step random access, and meanwhile, the network device may calculate total times for each terminal to perform random access, and further, the network device may calculate the total time divided by the total times to obtain the first time.

For example, the network device may perform weighted summation on the time of performing the four-step random access by each terminal and the weight coefficient of each terminal, and calculate the first time.

For example, the network device may perform weighted summation on the time of performing two-step random access by each terminal and the weight coefficient of each terminal, and calculate the first time.

For example, the network device may perform weighted summation on the time when each terminal performs two-step random access and falls back to four-step random access and the weight coefficient of the terminal, and calculate the first time.

For example, the network device may respectively calculate total time for each terminal to perform two-step random access, four-step random access, and two-step random access to fall back to four-step random access, and the network device performs weighted summation on the total time and a weight coefficient of each terminal to obtain the first time.

S1502: the network device sends the first information to the terminal.

S1503: and the terminal determines whether to initiate random access to the first satellite according to the first information and the estimated coverage time of the first satellite for covering the terminal.

In the embodiment of the present application, a specific implementation manner of sending the first information to the terminal by the network device may be according to an actual application scenario, and is not limited herein.

In the embodiment of the present application, S1501 and S1503 may refer to the content adaptation description in S1401 and S1402, and are not described herein again.

To sum up, the network device determines the first information, and after the terminal receives the first information from the network device, the terminal may initiate random access to the first satellite when the estimated coverage time of the first satellite for covering the terminal is greater than or equal to the first time; or, under the condition that the estimated coverage time of the first satellite coverage terminal estimated by the satellite is less than the first time, the terminal determines not to initiate random access; or, in the case that the estimated coverage time of the first satellite for covering the terminal is less than the first time, the terminal initiates random access to the next satellite covering itself, which means that the terminal does not initiate random access to the first satellite.

Fig. 16 is a flowchart of a communication method according to an embodiment of the present application, including the following steps:

s1601: and the network equipment sends the third information to the terminal.

In an embodiment of the present application, the third information includes one or more of the following: information for indicating that the terminal records a time when random access is performed, information for indicating a type of random access performed by the terminal, or information for indicating that a cause of random access performed by the terminal is a hopping; the third information may be carried in a random access report.

For example, the manner in which the network device sends the third information to the terminal may be broadcast or unicast, and the specific implementation manner in which the network device sends the third information to the terminal is not limited in this embodiment of the application.

S1602: and the terminal records the second information according to the third information.

S1603: the terminal sends indication information indicating the presence report to the network device.

For example, the terminal may send indication information indicating the presence report to the network device during the establishment from the RRC _ IDLE state to the RRC _ CONNECTED state, or during the recovery from the RRC _ INACTIVE state to the RRC _ CONNECTED state.

S1604: and the network equipment sends a message for requesting report reporting to the terminal.

For example, the network device may send a message for requesting reporting to the terminal according to a network requirement. Illustratively, the message may be a terminal information request message. The embodiment of the present application does not limit the specific sending method for the network device to send the message for requesting reporting to the terminal.

S1605: and the terminal sends the second information to the network equipment.

In this embodiment, the second information includes information indicating a time when the terminal performs the random access, and further, may further include one or more of the following: a type of random access performed by the terminal or an indication indicating that a cause of the random access performed by the terminal is hopping; the second information may further include an index value obtained by quantizing the time when the terminal performs the random access, the time information expressed by the index value may be specified by a network protocol or configured by the network device, the index value may be a number or a character, and the network device may know the time when the terminal performs the random access according to the number or the character. For example, the time of random access may be 50ms,100ms and 150ms, which are respectively denoted by 1,2,3, by convention of the network protocol, and when the random access time of the UE is 40ms, it is closer to 50ms, so it is recorded as 50ms, or denoted by 1. The second information may be carried in a random access report.

In the embodiment of the present application, a specific implementation manner of sending the second information to the network device by the terminal may be according to an actual application scenario, and is not limited herein.

S1606: and the network equipment optimizes the random access channel parameters and/or network deployment according to the second information.

In this embodiment, S1603 and S1604 are optional steps, and the terminal may send the second information to the network device after recording the second information, for example, the second information may be periodically recorded and sent to the network device, and the network device optimizes the parameter of the random access channel and/or deployments of the network device according to the second information.

In the embodiment of the application, the network equipment can periodically count the total time of random access execution of each terminal and the total times of random access execution of each terminal, and the network equipment divides the total times by the total times to calculate the estimated value of random access execution of the terminal; the network device may optimize the random access channel parameters based on the predicted value for random access.

For example, in a case that the estimated value of the time of the random access is smaller than the time required by the terminal to perform the random access, if the process of the terminal initiating the random access to the network device is interrupted, the network device may increase the number and/or interval of the access slots of the random access channel after the terminal sends the random access request next time.

In this embodiment, the network device may optimize network deployment according to an indication that a reason for the random access is hopping.

Illustratively, if the network device receives the second information sent by each terminal and includes an indication that the reason for the random access performed by the terminal is hopping, the network device may ensure that the communication time between the terminal and the network device increases when the satellite serves as a relay station by relocating the physical location of the network device; or, a plurality of network devices can send signals to the terminal continuously, so that the terminal can communicate with the network devices at any time.

In summary, after receiving the third information of the network device, the terminal may record the second information, and the network device may optimize the random access channel parameter and/or the network deployment according to the second information, thereby ensuring that the random access process of the terminal is successfully completed.

In the embodiment of the present application, the methods of the embodiments corresponding to fig. 15 and fig. 16 may be used separately or in combination. In a possible implementation manner, on the basis of the embodiment corresponding to fig. 15, the content described in the embodiment corresponding to fig. 16 may be executed. For example, fig. 17 is a schematic diagram of a specific communication method, and corresponding steps in the embodiment of fig. 17 may be adaptively described with reference to contents of fig. 15 or fig. 16, which are not described again here.

Fig. 18 is a flowchart of a communication method according to an embodiment of the present application, including the following steps:

s1801: the core network element determines the first information.

In this embodiment, the core network element may determine the first information according to information related to random access execution of multiple terminals received from the network device. For example, the core network element may determine the first information by using the method for determining the first information by the network device in the foregoing embodiment, which is not described herein again. The embodiment of the present application does not limit a specific implementation manner of determining the first information by the network element of the core network.

In a possible implementation manner, the core network element may include any one of the following: a network data analysis function (NWDAF) network element, an authentication server function (AUSF) network element, a Policy Control Function (PCF) network element, an Application Function (AF) network element, a unified data management function (UDM) network element, a Network Slice Selection Function (NSSF) network element, a network function (network element function, NEF) network element, a network data analysis function (NWDAF) network element, a Policy Control Function (PCF) network element, an AMF network element, an SMF network element, or an UPF network element.

S1802: and the core network element sends the first information to the network equipment.

S1803: the network equipment sends the first information to the terminal.

S1804: and the terminal determines whether to initiate random access to the first satellite according to the first information and the estimated coverage time of the first satellite for covering the terminal.

In this embodiment of the application, a specific implementation manner in which the core network element sends the first information to the network device may be according to an actual application scenario, and is not described herein again.

In this embodiment of the application, the content corresponding to S1804 may refer to the content adaptation description of S1402 in the embodiment corresponding to fig. 14, and is not described herein again.

In summary, after receiving the first information from the core network device, the terminal may initiate random access to the first satellite when the estimated coverage time of the first satellite for covering the terminal is greater than or equal to the first time; or, under the condition that the estimated coverage time of the first satellite coverage terminal by the satellite is less than the first time, the terminal determines not to initiate random access; or, in the case that the estimated coverage time of the first satellite for covering the terminal is less than the first time, the terminal initiates random access to the next satellite covering itself, which means that the terminal does not initiate random access to the first satellite.

The method of the embodiment of the present application is described above with reference to fig. 14 to 18, and a communication apparatus provided in the embodiment of the present application for performing the method is described below. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the method and apparatus can be combined and referred to each other, and a communication apparatus provided in the embodiments of the present application can perform the steps of the terminal in the above communication method. Another communication apparatus may perform the steps performed by the network device in the communication method in the above-described embodiment.

The following description will be given by taking the division of each function module corresponding to each function as an example:

fig. 19 is a schematic structural diagram of a communication apparatus according to an embodiment of the present application, and as shown in fig. 19, the communication apparatus may be a terminal or a network device, or may be a chip applied to the terminal or the network device. The communication device includes: a processing unit 191 and a communication unit 192. The communication unit 192 is used to support the communication device to perform the steps of information transmission or reception, and the processing unit 191 is used to support the communication device to perform the steps of information processing.

For example, in the case that the communication apparatus is a terminal or a chip system applied in the terminal, the communication unit 192 is configured to support the communication apparatus to perform S1502 or S1603 in the above embodiment, and the processing unit 191 is configured to support the communication apparatus to perform S1401 or S1503 in the above embodiment.

For another example, taking the communication apparatus as a network device or a chip system applied to the network device as an example, the communication unit 192 is configured to support the communication apparatus to execute S1601 or S1604 in the foregoing embodiment, and the processing unit 151 is configured to support the communication apparatus to execute S1501 in the foregoing embodiment.

In one possible embodiment, the communication device may further include: a memory unit 193. The processing unit 191, the communication unit 192, and the storage unit 193 are connected by a communication line.

The storage unit 193 may include one or more memories, which may be devices of one or more devices, circuits, or the like for storing programs or data.

The storage unit 193 may be independently present and connected to the processing unit 151 of the communication apparatus via a communication line. The memory unit 193 may also be integrated with the processing unit.

The communication means may be used in a communication device, circuit, hardware component or chip.

Taking the communication device may be a chip or a chip system in a terminal or a network device in the embodiment of the present application as an example, the communication unit 192 may be an input or output interface, a pin, a circuit, or the like. For example, the storage unit 193 may store computer-executable instructions of the method of the terminal or network device side to cause the processing unit 191 to execute the method of the terminal or network device side in the above embodiments. The storage unit 193 may be a register, a cache, a RAM, or the like, and the storage unit 193 may be integrated with the processing unit 191. The memory unit 193 may be a ROM or other type of static storage device that may store static information and instructions, and the memory unit 193 may be separate from the processing unit 191.

The present embodiment provides a communication apparatus, which includes one or more modules for implementing the method in the steps included in fig. 14 to 18, and the one or more modules may correspond to the steps of the method in the steps included in fig. 14 to 18. Specifically, in the embodiment of the present application, each step in the method executed by the terminal is present, and a unit or a module for executing each step in the method is present in the terminal. Each step of the method is performed by a network device in which there are units or modules performing each step of the method. For example, a module that controls or processes an operation of the communication apparatus may be referred to as a processing module. A module for performing a step of processing a message or data on the communication apparatus side may be referred to as a communication module.

Fig. 20 is a schematic diagram of a hardware structure of a communication device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, and as shown in fig. 20, the communication device includes a processor 201, a communication line 204, and at least one communication interface (an exemplary illustration of the communication interface 203 in fig. 20 is taken as an example).

The processor 201 may be a general processing unit (CPU), a microprocessor, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or one or more ics for controlling the execution of programs in accordance with the present invention.

The communication link 204 may include circuitry to transfer information between the above-described components.

Communication interface 203, using any transceiver or the like, is used for communicating with other devices or communication networks, such as ethernet, wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN), RAN, etc.

Possibly, the communication device may further comprise a memory 202.

The memory 202 may be, but is not limited to, a read-only memory (ROM) or other type of static storage device that may store static information and instructions, a Random Access Memory (RAM) or other type of dynamic storage device that may store information and instructions, an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), a compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM) or other optical disk storage, optical disk storage (including compact disk, laser disk, optical disk, digital versatile disk, blu-ray disk, etc.), a magnetic disk storage medium or other magnetic storage device, or any other medium that can be used to carry or store desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and that can be accessed by a computer. The memory may be separate and coupled to the processor via communication link 204. The memory may also be integral to the processor.

The memory 202 is used for storing computer-executable instructions for executing the present application, and is controlled by the processor 201 to execute. The processor 201 is configured to execute computer-executable instructions stored in the memory 202, thereby implementing the policy control method provided in the following embodiments of the present application.

Possibly, the computer executed instructions in the embodiments of the present application may also be referred to as application program codes, which are not specifically limited in the embodiments of the present application.

In particular implementations, processor 201 may include one or more CPUs, such as CPU0 and CPU1 in fig. 20, as one embodiment.

In particular implementations, a communication device may include multiple processors, such as processor 201 and processor 205 in fig. 20, for example, as an embodiment. Each of these processors may be a single-core (single-CPU) processor or a multi-core (multi-CPU) processor. A processor herein may refer to one or more devices, circuits, and/or processing cores that process data (e.g., computer program instructions).

Exemplarily, fig. 21 is a schematic structural diagram of a terminal according to an embodiment of the present application. The terminal can be adapted to the system shown in any of fig. 1-5 or 11-13 to perform the functions of the terminal in the above-described method embodiments. For convenience of explanation, fig. 21 shows only main components of the terminal. As shown in fig. 21, the terminal 2100 includes a processor, a memory, a control circuit, an antenna, and an input-output device. The processor is mainly configured to process the communication protocol and the communication data, control the entire terminal, execute the software program, and process data of the software program, for example, to support the terminal to perform the actions described in the above method embodiments. The memory is primarily used for storing software programs and data. The control circuit is mainly used for converting baseband signals and radio frequency signals and processing the radio frequency signals. The control circuit and the antenna together, which may also be called a transceiver, are primarily intended for transceiving radio frequency signals in the form of electromagnetic waves. Input and output devices, such as touch screens, display screens, keyboards, etc., are used primarily for receiving data input by a user and for outputting data to the user.

When the terminal is started, the processor can read the software program of the memory, interpret and execute the instruction of the software program, and process the data of the software program. When data needs to be sent wirelessly, the processor outputs a baseband signal to the radio frequency circuit after performing baseband processing on the data to be sent, and the radio frequency circuit performs radio frequency processing on the baseband signal and sends the radio frequency signal outwards in the form of electromagnetic waves through the antenna. When data is sent to the terminal, the radio frequency circuit receives radio frequency signals through the antenna, converts the radio frequency signals into baseband signals and outputs the baseband signals to the processor, and the processor converts the baseband signals into the data and processes the data.

Those skilled in the art will appreciate that fig. 21 shows only one memory and one processor for the sake of illustration. In an actual terminal, there may be multiple processors and multiple memories. The memory may also be referred to as a storage medium or a storage device, etc. The memory may be a memory element on the same chip as the processor, that is, an on-chip memory element, or a separate memory element, which is not limited in this embodiment.

As an optional implementation manner, the terminal may include a baseband processor and a central processing unit, where the baseband processor is mainly used to process a communication protocol and communication data, and the central processing unit is mainly used to control the whole terminal, execute a software program, and process data of the software program. The processor in fig. 21 may integrate the functions of the baseband processor and the central processing unit, and those skilled in the art will understand that the baseband processor and the central processing unit may also be independent processors, and are interconnected through a bus or the like. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the terminal may include a plurality of baseband processors to accommodate different network formats, a plurality of central processors to enhance its processing capability, and various components of the terminal may be connected by various buses. The baseband processor can also be expressed as a baseband processing circuit or a baseband processing chip. The central processing unit can also be expressed as a central processing circuit or a central processing chip. The function of processing the communication protocol and the communication data may be built in the processor, or may be stored in the memory in the form of a software program, and the software program is executed by the processor to realize the baseband processing function.

In the embodiment of the present application, an antenna and a control circuit having a transceiving function can be regarded as the transceiving unit 2101 of the terminal 2100, for example, to support the terminal to perform a receiving function and a transmitting function. The processor 2102 having the processing function is regarded as the processing unit 2102 of the terminal 2100. As shown in fig. 21, the terminal 2100 includes a transceiving unit 2101 and a processing unit 2102. A transceiver unit may also be referred to as a transceiver, a transceiving device, etc. Alternatively, a device in the transceiving unit 2101 for implementing a receiving function may be regarded as a receiving unit, and a device in the transceiving unit 2101 for implementing a sending function may be regarded as a sending unit, that is, the transceiving unit 2101 includes a receiving unit and a sending unit, the receiving unit may also be referred to as a receiver, an input port, a receiving circuit, and the like, and the sending unit may be referred to as a transmitter, a sending circuit, and the like.

The processor 2102 may be configured to execute the instructions stored in the memory to control the transceiving unit 2101 to receive and/or transmit signals to perform the functions of the terminal in the above-described method embodiments. The processor 2102 also includes an interface to implement input/output functions for signals. As an implementation manner, the function of the transceiving unit 2101 may be implemented by a transceiving circuit or a transceiving dedicated chip.

Fig. 22 is a schematic structural diagram of a network device provided in an embodiment of the present application, for example, a schematic structural diagram of a base station. As shown in fig. 22, the base station may be applied to a system as shown in any one of fig. 1 to 5 or 11 to 13, and performs the functions of the network device in the above method embodiments. Base station 2200 may comprise one or more DUs 2201 and one or more CUs 2202. The CU2202 may communicate with an NG core (next generation core network, NC) or an EPC. The DU2201 may include at least one antenna 22011, at least one radio frequency unit 22012, at least one processor 22013 and at least one memory 22014. The DU2201 is mainly used for transceiving radio frequency signals, converting radio frequency signals and baseband signals, and partially processing baseband. The CU2202 may include at least one processor 22022 and at least one memory 22021. The CU2202 and the DU2201 can communicate with each other through an interface, wherein a Control plane (Control plane) interface can be a Fs-C such as F1-C, and a User plane (User plane) interface can be a Fs-U such as F1-U.

The CU2202 is mainly used for performing baseband processing, controlling a base station, and the like. The DU2201 and the CU2202 may be physically located together or physically located separately, that is, distributed base stations. The CU2202 is a control center of the base station, and may also be referred to as a processing unit, and is mainly used to perform baseband processing functions. For example, the CU2202 can be configured to control a base station to perform the operations described above with respect to the network device in the method embodiments.

Specifically, the baseband processing on CU and DU can be divided according to the protocol layers of the wireless network, for example, the functions of PDCP layer and above protocol layers are set in CU, and the functions of protocol layers below PDCP layer, for example, RLC layer, MAC layer, PHY layer, etc., are set in DU.

Further, optionally, base station 2200 may include one or more radio frequency units (RUs), one or more DUs, and one or more CUs. Wherein the DU may include at least one processor 22013 and at least one memory 22014, the ru may include at least one antenna 22011 and at least one radio frequency unit 22012, and the cu may include at least one processor 22022 and at least one memory 22021.

In an example, the CU2202 may be formed by one or more boards, and the multiple boards may jointly support a radio access network with a single access indication (e.g., a 5G network), or may respectively support radio access networks with different access schemes (e.g., an LTE network, a 5G network, or other networks). The memory 22021 and the processor 22022 may serve one or more single boards. That is, the memory and processor may be provided separately on each board. Multiple boards may share the same memory and processor. In addition, each single board can be provided with necessary circuits. The DU2201 may be formed by one or more boards, and the boards may jointly support a wireless access network with a single access instruction (e.g., a 5G network), or may respectively support wireless access networks with different access schemes (e.g., an LTE network, a 5G network, or other networks). The memory 22014 and the processor 22013 may serve one or more boards. That is, the memory and processor may be provided separately on each board. Multiple boards may share the same memory and processor. In addition, each single board can be provided with necessary circuits.

Fig. 23 is a schematic structural diagram of a chip 230 according to an embodiment of the disclosure, and as shown in fig. 23, the chip 230 includes one or more (including two) processors 2310 and a communication interface 2330.

Possibly, chip 230 also includes a memory 2340, which may include both read-only memory and random-access memory, and provides operating instructions and data to processor 2310. A portion of the memory 2340 may also include non-volatile random access memory (NVRAM).

The memory 2340 may store the following elements, executable modules or data structures, or a subset thereof, or an expanded set thereof:

in the embodiment of the present application, by calling an operation instruction stored in the memory 2340 (the operation instruction may be stored in an operating system), a corresponding operation is performed.

In a possible implementation manner, the chips used by the terminal or the network device have similar structures, and different devices may use different chips to realize respective functions.

Illustratively, the processor 2310 controls the operation of the terminal or the network device, and the processor 2310 may also be referred to as a Central Processing Unit (CPU). The memory 2340 may include both read-only memory and random-access memory, and provides instructions and data to the processor 2310. A portion of the memory 2340 may also include non-volatile random access memory (NVRAM). For example, in-application memory 2340, communication interface 2330, and memory 2340 are coupled together by connection 2320, where circuitry 2320 may include one or more of data circuitry, power circuitry, control circuitry, status signal circuitry, and the like. For clarity of illustration, however, the various lines are labeled in fig. 23 as connection circuits 2320.

The above communication unit may be an interface circuit or a communication interface of the apparatus for receiving signals from other apparatuses. For example, when the device is implemented in the form of a chip, the communication unit is an interface circuit or a communication interface for the chip to receive signals from or transmit signals to other chips or devices.

The method disclosed in the embodiments of the present application can be applied to the processor 2310 or implemented by the processor 2310. The processor 2310 may be an integrated circuit chip, has signal processing capability. In implementation, the steps of the above method may be performed by integrated logic circuits of hardware or instructions in the form of software in the processor 2310. The processor 2310 may be a general purpose processor, a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), an off-the-shelf programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, or discrete hardware components. The various methods, steps, and logic blocks disclosed in the embodiments of the present application may be implemented or performed. A general purpose processor may be a microprocessor or the processor may be any conventional processor or the like. The steps of the method disclosed in connection with the embodiments of the present application may be directly implemented by a hardware decoding processor, or implemented by a combination of hardware and software modules in the decoding processor. The software modules may be located in ram, flash, rom, prom, or eprom, registers, etc. as is well known in the art. The storage medium is located in the memory 2340, and the processor 2310 reads information in the memory 2340 and completes the steps of the method in combination with hardware of the processor.

In a possible implementation, communication interface 2330 is used to perform the steps of receiving and transmitting by a terminal or network device in the embodiments illustrated in fig. 14-18. The processor 2310 is configured to perform steps of processing of the terminal or the network device in the embodiments illustrated in fig. 14-18.

In the above embodiments, the instructions stored by the memory for execution by the processor may be implemented in the form of a computer program product. The computer program product may be written in the memory in advance or may be downloaded in the form of software and installed in the memory.

The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. The procedures or functions according to the embodiments of the present application are all or partially generated when the computer program instructions are loaded and executed on a computer. The computer may be a general purpose computer, a special purpose computer, a network of computers, or other programmable device. The computer instructions may be stored on a computer readable storage medium or transmitted from one computer readable storage medium to another computer readable storage medium, for example, the computer instructions may be transmitted from one website, computer, server, or data center to another website, computer, server, or data center via wire (e.g., coaxial cable, fiber optic, digital Subscriber Line (DSL)) or wireless (e.g., infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.). Computer-readable storage media can be any available media that a computer can store or a data storage device including one or more available media integrated servers, data centers, and the like. The usable medium may be a magnetic medium (e.g., a floppy disk, a hard disk, a magnetic tape), an optical medium (e.g., a Digital Versatile Disk (DVD)), or a semiconductor medium (e.g., a Solid State Disk (SSD)), among others.

The embodiment of the application also provides a computer readable storage medium. The methods described in the above embodiments may be implemented in whole or in part by software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software, the functions may be stored on or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Computer-readable media may include computer storage media and communication media, and may include any medium that can communicate a computer program from one place to another. A storage medium may be any target medium that can be accessed by a computer.

As one possible design, a computer-readable medium may include RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium that can be targeted for loading or storing desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and that can be accessed by a computer. Also, any connection is properly termed a computer-readable medium. For example, if the software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using a coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital Subscriber Line (DSL), or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave, then the coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave are included in the definition of medium. Disk and disc, as used herein, includes Compact Disc (CD), laser disc, optical disc, DVD, floppy disk and blu-ray disc where disks usually reproduce data magnetically, while discs reproduce data optically with lasers. Combinations of the above should also be included within the scope of computer-readable media.

The embodiment of the application also provides a computer program product. The methods described in the above embodiments may be implemented in whole or in part by software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software, may be implemented in whole or in part in the form of a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. The procedures or functions described in the above method embodiments are generated in whole or in part when the above computer program instructions are loaded and executed on a computer. The computer may be a general purpose computer, a special purpose computer, a computer network, a base station, a terminal, or other programmable device.

The above embodiments are only for illustrating the embodiments of the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made on the basis of the embodiments of the present invention shall be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims

A method of communication, comprising:

the terminal determines first information, wherein the first information comprises first time which is greater than or equal to the estimated time for the terminal to execute random access;

the terminal performs one of the following:

the terminal initiates random access to a first satellite, wherein the estimated coverage time of the first satellite for covering the terminal is greater than or equal to the first time; or the like, or, alternatively,

the terminal determines not to initiate random access, wherein the estimated coverage time of the first satellite for covering the terminal is less than the first time; or the like, or a combination thereof,

and the terminal determines not to initiate random access to the first satellite and initiates random access to a next satellite covering the terminal, wherein the estimated covering time of the first satellite covering the terminal is less than the first time.
The method of claim 1, wherein the first time is received by the terminal from a network device or is self-determined by the terminal.
The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the first information further comprises one or more of: a time threshold or a type of random access corresponding to the first time.
The method of claim 3, wherein the type of random access corresponding to the first time comprises one or more of the following: the four-step random access, the two-step random access or the two-step random access is returned to the four-step random access.
The method according to any of claims 1-4, wherein the terminal determining the first information comprises:

the terminal receives the first information from the network device.
The method of any one of claims 1-5, further comprising:

and the terminal sends second information to the network equipment, wherein the second information comprises information indicating the time for the terminal to execute the random access.
The method of claim 6, wherein the second information further comprises one or more of: a type of the random access performed by the terminal or an indication indicating that a cause of the random access performed by the terminal is hopping.
The method of claim 7, wherein the type of the random access performed by the terminal comprises one or more of the following: the four-step random access, the two-step random access or the two-step random access is returned to the four-step random access.
The method according to any of claims 6-8, wherein the second information is carried in a random access report.
The method according to any of claims 6-9, wherein before the terminal sends the second information to the network device, the method further comprises:

the terminal receives third information from the network equipment, wherein the third information is used for indicating the terminal to record the second information;

and the terminal records the second information according to the third information.
The method according to claim 10, wherein after the terminal records the second information according to the third information, the method further comprises:

the terminal sends indication information for indicating the presence report to the network equipment;

the terminal receives a message for requesting report reporting from the network equipment;

the terminal sends the second information to the network device, including: and the terminal sends the second information to the network equipment according to the message for requesting report reporting.
The method according to any of claims 1-4, wherein the terminal determining the first information comprises:

and the terminal determines the first information according to the condition of one or more times of random access executed by the terminal.
The method of any one of claims 1-12, further comprising:

the terminal determines an estimated coverage time of the first satellite to cover the terminal according to ephemeris, wherein the ephemeris comprises one or more of the following information: the flight orbit of the first satellite, the flight speed of the first satellite, the altitude of the first satellite, the position of the first satellite or the time information corresponding to the position of the first satellite.
The method of any one of claims 1-12, further comprising:

the terminal compares the first time with the estimated coverage time of the first satellite to cover the terminal.
The method according to any of claims 1-4, 6-11, 13-14, wherein the terminal determining the first information comprises:

the terminal receives the information from the network equipment the estimated time for the terminal to execute random access;

the terminal determines the first time according to the estimated time for the terminal to execute random access and the third time; the third time is related to the size of the traffic of the terminal or the level of the traffic priority, or the third time is a value received from a network device or a value predetermined by the terminal or a value specified by a communication protocol.
A method of communication, comprising:

the network equipment determines first information, wherein the first information comprises first time which is more than or equal to the estimated time for the terminal to execute random access;

and the network equipment sends the first information to a terminal.
The method of claim 16, wherein the first information further comprises one or more of: a time threshold or a type of random access corresponding to the first time.
The method of claim 17, wherein the type of random access corresponding to the first time comprises one or more of the following: the four-step random access, the two-step random access or the two-step random access is returned to the four-step random access.
The method of any of claims 16-18, wherein the network device determines the first information, comprising:

the network device receives second information from the terminal, the second information including information indicating a time at which the terminal performs the random access.
The method of any of claims 16-19, wherein the network device determines the first information, comprising:

the network equipment respectively acquires the time for executing random access of each equipment from a plurality of equipment;

and the network equipment calculates the first time according to the time of random access executed by each equipment.
The method of claim 20, wherein the calculating, by the network device, the first time according to the time for each of the devices to perform the random access comprises:

and the network equipment calculates the estimated value of random access according to the time of executing the random access by each equipment.
The method of any of claims 19-21, wherein the second information further comprises one or more of: a type of the random access performed by the terminal or an indication indicating that a cause of the random access performed by the terminal is hopping.
The method of claim 22, wherein the type of the random access performed by the terminal comprises one or more of: the four-step random access, the two-step random access or the two-step random access is returned to the four-step random access.
The method according to any of claims 19-23, wherein said second information is carried in a random access report.
The method according to any of claims 19-24, wherein before the network device receives the second information from the terminal, the method further comprises:

the network equipment sends third information to the terminal, wherein the third information is used for indicating the terminal to record the second information;

the network equipment receives indication information used for indicating the existence report from the terminal;

and the network equipment sends a message for requesting report reporting to the terminal according to the network requirement.
The method of any one of claims 16-25, further comprising:

the network equipment sends ephemeris to the terminal, wherein the ephemeris comprises one or more of the following information: the method comprises the steps of obtaining time information corresponding to a flight orbit of a first satellite, a flight speed of the first satellite, an altitude of the first satellite, a position of the first satellite or the position of the first satellite, wherein the first satellite is a satellite covering a terminal.
A method of communication, comprising:

the terminal receives third information from network equipment, wherein the third information is used for indicating the terminal to record second information, and the second information comprises information indicating the time for the terminal to execute random access;

the terminal determines the second information according to the third information;

and the terminal sends the second information to the network equipment.
The method of claim 27, wherein the second information further comprises one or more of: a type of the random access performed by the terminal or an indication indicating that a cause of the random access performed by the terminal is hopping.
The method of claim 27 or 28, wherein the third information comprises one or more of: information for indicating that the terminal records a time at which random access is performed, information for indicating a type of the random access performed by the terminal, or information for indicating that a cause of the random access performed by the terminal is a hopping.
The method according to any of claims 27-29, wherein the type of the random access performed by the terminal comprises one or more of: and four-step random access, two-step random access or two-step random access is returned to the four-step random access.
The method according to any of claims 27-30, wherein said second information is carried in a random access report and/or said third information is carried in a random access report.
The method according to any of claims 27-31, wherein before the terminal sends the second information to the network device, further comprising:

the terminal sends indication information for indicating the presence report to the network equipment;

the terminal receives a message for requesting report reporting from the network equipment;

the terminal sends the second information to the network device, including: and the terminal sends the second information to the network equipment according to the message for requesting report reporting.
The method of claim 32, wherein the terminal sends the indication information indicating the presence report to the network device, and wherein the sending comprises:

and in the process of establishing the Radio Resource Control (RRC) in an idle state of the terminal or in the process of recovering the RRC in a deactivated state of the terminal, the terminal sends the indication information for indicating the existence report to the network equipment.
A method of communication, comprising:

the network equipment sends third information to the terminal, wherein the third information is used for indicating the terminal to record second information, and the second information comprises information indicating the time for the terminal to execute random access;

the network device receives the second information from the terminal.
The method of claim 34, wherein the second information further comprises one or more of: a type of the random access performed by the terminal or an indication indicating that a cause of the random access performed by the terminal is hopping.
The method of claim 34 or 35, wherein the third information comprises one or more of: information for indicating that the terminal records a time when random access is performed, information for indicating a type of the random access performed by the terminal, or information for indicating that a cause of the random access performed by the terminal is a hopping.
The method according to any of claims 34-36, wherein the type of the random access performed by the terminal comprises one or more of: the four-step random access, the two-step random access or the two-step random access is returned to the four-step random access.
The method according to any of claims 34-37, wherein the second information is carried in a random access report and/or wherein the third information is carried in a random access report.
The method according to any of claims 34-38, wherein before the network device receives the second information from the terminal, further comprising:

the network equipment receives indication information used for indicating the existence report from the terminal;

and the network equipment sends a message for requesting report reporting to the terminal according to network requirements.
A communications apparatus, comprising: a processor and a communication interface;

wherein the communication interface is configured to perform messaging in the communication method according to any one of claims 1 to 15, or to perform messaging in the communication method according to any one of claims 16 to 26, or to perform messaging in the communication method according to any one of claims 27 to 33, or to perform messaging in the communication method according to any one of claims 34 to 39; the processor executes instructions to perform operations for processing or control in a communication method according to any of claims 1-15, or to perform operations for processing or control in a communication method according to any of claims 16-26, or to perform operations for processing or control in a communication method according to any of claims 27-33, or to perform operations for processing or control in a communication method according to any of claims 34-39.
A chip comprising at least one processor and a communication interface, the communication interface being coupled to the at least one processor, the at least one processor being configured to execute a computer program or instructions to implement the communication method of any one of claims 1-15, or to implement the communication method of any one of claims 16-26, or to implement the communication method of any one of claims 27-33, or to implement the communication method of any one of claims 34-39; the communication interface is used for communicating with other modules outside the chip.
A computer-readable storage medium, having stored therein instructions that, when executed, implement a communication method according to any one of claims 1-15, or implement a communication method according to any one of claims 16-26, or implement a communication method according to any one of claims 27-33, or implement a communication method according to any one of claims 34-39.