CN115983673A - Deformed steel bar life cycle environmental influence evaluation method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a deformed steel bar life cycle environmental impact evaluation method, which comprises the following steps: firstly, determining an evaluation target, a function unit and a system boundary range; then dividing the life cycle of the evaluation target into a plurality of unit processes, and establishing a list for the input and output data of each unit process and analyzing; evaluating the environmental influence of the life cycle of the deformed steel bar by using a life cycle evaluation method system; dividing the analysis result of the list into environment influence types, and characterizing through a characterization model and a type parameter to obtain a type parameter result of the deformed steel bar life cycle influence environment and a total environment influence potential value of the deformed steel bar life cycle of the scrap electric furnace; and finally, according to the evaluation target and the system boundary range, the evaluation result and the evaluation limitation are explained and suggestions are provided, so that support is provided for making a sustainable improvement scheme, optimizing the production process flow and realizing the goal of reducing the carbon content in the deformed steel bar production depth.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of deformed steel bar production, in particular to a method for evaluating the life cycle environmental influence of deformed steel bars.
Background
The steel industry is an important basic industry of national economy and is also a typical resource and energy intensive industry. The carbon emission of the steel industry in China accounts for more than 60% of the global carbon emission of steel, accounts for 15% of the total carbon emission of the whole country, and is the largest industry of the carbon emission of 31 manufacturing departments in China. The electric furnace steel making is divided into long-flow steel making and short-flow steel making, the carbon emission intensity of the electric furnace short-flow steel making is only about 1/3 of that of the long-flow steel making, and the construction steel (mainly III-grade screw thread steel) accounts for about 50% of the steel yield in China, so that the screw thread steel produced by adopting the scrap steel electric furnace short-flow steel making process is one of important ways for realizing carbon peak reaching and carbon neutralization in the steel industry.
The steel manufacturing process comprises multiple stages of raw material acquisition, transportation, production, use, treatment at the end of life, circulation, final disposal and the like, and relates to input and output of multiple energy sources, raw and auxiliary materials, main and auxiliary products and emission, a life cycle evaluation method is adopted to systematically and quantitatively describe and evaluate the energy source, resource consumption and emission conditions of each stage and the influence degree of the environment, so that the method is beneficial to enterprises to calculate, analyze and evaluate the carbon reduction potential from the quantitative perspective, and scientific data support is provided for low-carbon development planning decisions of governments and enterprises.
In order to solve the technical problems, a patent application document with the application number of 201811318871.2 discloses a method for evaluating the environment influence of the life cycle of rare earth steel, the method comprises the steps of compiling and quantifying the environment influence factors of the life cycle of the rare earth steel by a process list analysis method, quantitatively describing the damage degree of the environment influence factors of the life cycle of the rare earth steel on the terminal environment influence type, calculating the weight value of the terminal environment influence type in the environment influence caused by the life cycle of the rare earth steel by an analytic hierarchy process, and finally obtaining the total environment influence potential value of the life cycle of the rare earth steel by weighting and summing.
According to the technical scheme, the environmental load in the whole rare earth steel production process can be evaluated, the distribution conditions of the list index environmental load and the environmental influence potential value of the rare earth steel product in each life cycle stage are obtained through analysis, but the method is not suitable for scrap steel electric furnace deformed steel, and how to improve the scheme and optimize the production process flow according to the obtained life cycle influence evaluation is not involved, so that support is provided for achieving the deep carbon reduction target.
Therefore, there is a need for an improved method to overcome the above-mentioned deficiencies.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a deformed steel bar life cycle environmental impact evaluation method, which is used for evaluating the environmental performance in the whole process of deformed steel bar production of a scrap electric furnace, and quantitatively analyzing the energy consumption, resource consumption and emission conditions of each stage and the impact degree of the environment; on the basis, the environmental influence factors of each key link are accurately diagnosed, a green, low-carbon and efficient process flow is formed for enterprises, and technical support is provided for realizing a high-quality sustainable development target.
The technical purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a method for evaluating the life cycle of deformed steel bar of a scrap electric furnace, which is carried out according to ISO 14040:20062 Life cycle evaluation principle and framework and ISO 14044:2006 life cycle evaluation requirements and guidelines, and world iron and steel association steel product-specific LCI methodology for following, assemble and quantify environmental factors and potential environmental impacts of the production life cycle of the deformed steel bar electric furnace deformed steel bar, establish a deformed steel bar life cycle list analysis model, divide the list analysis result into selected environmental impact types, determine the characteristic factors according to the characteristic model and the type parameters to obtain environmental impact type parameter results, and evaluate the environmental performance of the deformed steel bar electric furnace deformed steel bar product by using all the type parameter results. The method mainly comprises the following four steps:
step 1: determining a life cycle evaluation target and range;
step 2: analyzing a life cycle list;
and step 3: evaluating the influence of the life cycle;
and 4, step 4: and (5) life cycle explanation.
In step 1, the determination of the target and range comprises: and determining an evaluation target, describing a functional unit of the deformed steel bar product and describing a system boundary range.
Step 1-1: target: input and output related to energy, resources and emission in each stage in the life cycle of producing the deformed steel bar by using the full scrap steel as the raw material and adopting the electric furnace in a short flow are quantized, potential environmental influence caused by the quantized input and output is evaluated, and the method helps enterprises quantify environmental performance, improve production process flow and promote low-carbon transformation development.
Step 1-2: functional units: the functional unit of the evaluation is 1 ton of deformed steel bar produced by a scrap electric furnace in a short process.
Step 1-3: evaluation boundary range: from 'cradle' to 'gate' (including scrap steel circulation), the method comprises a raw and auxiliary material and energy mining stage, a transportation stage, a production and manufacturing stage, a byproduct and steel product recycling stage (not containing a steel product use and maintenance stage). The specific range is shown in figure 1.
In step 2, the life cycle list analysis comprises: dividing unit processes, establishing lists for input data and output data in each unit process and analyzing the lists. The inventory parameters may be divided into resource and energy inputs, auxiliary inputs, products, co-produced products and waste, gas emissions, water emissions, soil emissions, and other environmental emissions, etc. according to the input and output streams.
Step 2-1: the life cycle of the deformed steel bar of the scrap electric furnace is divided into a plurality of unit processes which are convenient for list analysis.
According to the production process of producing the deformed steel bar by the electric furnace short flow, the evaluation purpose and the actual condition are combined, and the deformed steel bar can be divided or combined according to the production stages of scrap steel collection and treatment, electric arc furnace smelting, refining of a refining furnace, continuous casting, steel rolling and the like.
Step 2-2: and (3) collecting and calculating data of energy, resources, material consumption, products/byproducts, emission, waste to be disposed and the like related to the unit process divided in the step 2-1, and classifying and summarizing the data of all the unit processes according to a list.
An appropriate flow is determined for each unit process, the flows of all unit processes are correlated with a reference flow, and input and output data lists for each unit process are calculated on a functional unit basis.
In the process of inventory analysis, related to distribution of material flow, energy flow and emission, the symbiotic products and the waste can be treated by recycling as raw materials, namely according to the actual use of the symbiotic products and the waste, the environmental load of the products which can be replaced by the symbiotic products and the waste is overcome, and if the air-quenched slag of electric furnace slag and refining furnace slag is used as cement clinker, the environmental benefit of slag recycling is the environmental load of the corresponding cement clinker replaced by the air-quenched slag. The distribution method of main symbiotic products in the process of producing deformed steel bars by a short process of a scrap electric furnace according to the product type rule (PCR) of ordinary steel products and special steel products is shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 Main symbiotic product distribution method in short-flow process of producing deformed steel bar by using scrap steel electric furnace
For the types and the quantity of greenhouse gases directly discharged in the unit process, field data measured by a detection instrument can be adopted; for the greenhouse gas emission accounting method and report guidance (trial implementation) of Chinese iron and steel manufacturing enterprises, which have no detection condition and are difficult to obtain field data, the greenhouse gas directly generated in each unit process can be measured according to relevant regulations, the type of the measured greenhouse gas is carbon dioxide (the emission of methane, nitrous oxide and the like in iron and steel production accounts for less than 1% of the total emission amount, and is not included in the accounting), the emission sources comprise fuel combustion emission, emission in industrial production process, emission generated by power and heat power input and output and carbon dioxide emission hidden in carbon fixation products, and carbon emission factors corresponding to main energy sources/substances are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 carbon emission factor for Primary energy/Material
The process coefficient of each unit process of the life cycle in the step is calculated according to the following formula (1):
in the formula: i ≧ 1, representing the ith unit process from the last unit process;
I i inputting the ith unit process in the inventory analysis;
O i the output of the ith unit process in the inventory analysis;
K 0 ＝ 1 ；
I 0 and = R, R being the reference stream.
In this step, the life cycle inventory factor f (e.g., CO) 2 Emission of (d) is calculated as follows (2):
in the formula:
LCI R，f is the cumulative amount of inventory factor f for the reference stream R;
K i is the process coefficient of the ith unit process;
f i is the ith unit process life cycle list factor f in the list analysis.
In this step, the selection rules adopted by the list analysis are based on the weight ratio of the input of each raw material to the weight of the product or the total input of the process. The specific rules are as follows:
when the weight of the common material is less than 1 percent of the weight of the product, and when the weight of the material containing rare or high-purity components is less than 0.1 percent of the weight of the product, the upstream production data of the material can be ignored; a total neglected mass weight of not more than 5%;
common low-value wastes such as fly ash, slag, straw, household garbage and the like are used as raw materials, and upstream production data can be ignored;
in most cases, production equipment, plants, living facilities, and the like can be omitted;
known emissions data within a selected range of environmental impact types should not be ignored.
And 3) evaluating the environmental influence of the life cycle of the deformed steel bar by using a life cycle evaluation method system. Classifying the life cycle list data obtained in the step 2), and then carrying out environmental impact analysis, namely converting the list data into specific impact types such as Global Warming Potential (GWP), acidification (AP), eutrophication (EP), photochemical ozone synthesis (POCP), ozone layer depletion (ODP), non-renewable resource exhaustion potential (ADP) and the like, and quantitatively describing the environmental damage of each impact type by using a characteristic mathematical model based on relevant physical, chemical, biological and toxicity data, thereby realizing quantitative evaluation of the impact on human health, ecological environment and natural environment and the mutual relationship thereof.
And selecting the adaptive environmental influence type, the characterization model and the type parameters according to the purpose and the range of the life cycle evaluation. Existing impact types, type parameters, and characterization models are typically selected and need to be redefined only when existing ones fail to meet evaluation requirements.
The list analysis results in step 2) are divided into selected environmental impact types, and are characterized through a characterization model, and characterization factors are derived, as shown in table 3. Taking Global Warming Potential (GWP) environmental impact types as examples, selecting a 100-year baseline model and infrared radiation intensity of the IPCC as a characterization model and a type parameter respectively, characterizing greenhouse gas quantity of each process unit based on a functional unit in inventory analysis, determining a characterization factor of each greenhouse gas, namely the global warming potential of equivalent CO2, and finally obtaining a type parameter result of the selected environmental impact types.
TABLE 3 environmental impact types and characterization factors
In this step, the result of the type parameter of the life cycle influence type is calculated according to the following formula (3):
E j ＝ΣLCI R，f ·C j，f (3)
in the formula:
E j is the result of the type parameter of the environmental impact type j;
LCI R，f is the cumulative amount of inventory factor f for the reference stream R;
C j，f the life cycle manifest factor f is a characterizing factor for the impact type j.
In the step, regarding the calculation of the environmental benefit of scrap steel recycling, a closed loop material circulation model developed by the world iron and steel association is adopted, and the calculation method is as shown in formula (4):
LCI includingEoL ＝X-(RR-S)(X pr -X re )·Y (4)
in the formula:
LC IincludingEoL is a life cycle list considering the steel scrap circulation from 'cradle to gate';
x is the LCI result from "cradle to gate" without considering the scrap cycle;
X pr the LCI result is obtained by using full iron ore to produce deformed steel bar through a blast furnace-converter process;
X re the LCI result of the deformed steel bar is produced by utilizing all scrap steel through an electric furnace short-flow process;
y is the efficiency of converting scrap steel into steel in the steel-making production of a full scrap steel electric furnace;
RR is the amount of scrap steel recovered after 1 ton of steel is discarded, namely the recovery rate of the scrap steel;
s is the amount of scrap added for producing 1 ton of deformed steel bar.
In this step, the environmental benefits of the recycled raw materials or the recyclable waste materials, and the like, which participate in the recycling cycle, are as follows, 50:50 during the previous and subsequent life cycles, the calculation formula is as follows (5):
in the formula:
E RRW environmental performance of recycled feedstock or recycled waste;
W ERW is the amount of virgin feedstock equivalent to recycled feedstock or recyclable waste;
E RW is equivalent to the environmental performance of the virgin feedstock with recycled feedstock or renewable waste;
r is the regeneration recovery of the renewable feedstock or renewable waste;
q is the mass/performance/price correction factor for the recycled feedstock or the recycled waste.
Further, in the step 3, a certain reference can be selected to calculate the relative values of the parameter results of various environmental impact types according to the evaluation purpose and range, that is, normalization processing is performed; on the basis, the influence types are classified and sequenced, and the weighting factors obtained based on value selection are used for converting and combining parameter results of different environment influence types, so that the total environment influence potential value of the life cycle of the deformed steel bar electric furnace deformed steel bar is obtained finally.
And 4, according to the evaluation purpose and the evaluation range, explaining the evaluation result and the evaluation limitation, accurately positioning and diagnosing key links and influence factors of the environmental influence generated in the life cycle of the deformed steel bar electric furnace deformed steel bar, and providing support for formulating a sustainable improvement scheme, optimizing the production process flow and realizing the deformed steel bar production depth carbon reduction target.
In conclusion, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the method for evaluating the life cycle of the deformed steel bar produced by the electric furnace can systematically, scientifically and objectively evaluate the environmental performance of the full life cycle of the deformed steel bar produced by the electric furnace in a short flow by taking full deformed steel as a raw material, obtain the distribution condition of various environmental impact potential values in each stage of the life cycle, help to identify key points of environmental impact improvement and promote the green, low-carbon and high-quality sustainable development of enterprises.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the boundary range of a deformed steel bar electric furnace deformed steel bar life cycle system according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a typical production process of deformed steel bar in an electric scrap furnace.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means, the original characteristics, the achieved purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the invention is further described with reference to the figures and the specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, in this embodiment, a steel scrap electric furnace short-process production of deformed steel bars in a certain steel manufacturing enterprise is taken as an example to describe in detail, which is of great significance to life cycle evaluation of deformed steel bars produced by a steel scrap electric furnace short-process production, identification and quantification of energy and material consumption and environmental impact on environment in the whole life cycle stage, and the specific steps are as follows:
the first step is as follows: determining lifecycle evaluation goals and ranges
The evaluation object is a deformed steel bar product produced by taking all scrap steel as a raw material and adopting an electric furnace in a short process.
The evaluation target is to quantify the input and output related to energy, resources and emission in each stage of the life cycle of the deformed steel bar of the scrap electric furnace, evaluate the potential environmental impact of the deformed steel bar, help enterprises to quantify the environmental performance, improve the production process flow and promote the low-carbon transformation development.
The functional unit evaluated was 1 ton of deformed steel bar produced in a short run in a scrap furnace.
The evaluation boundaries range from "cradle" to "gate" (no scrap recycling included), including the raw and auxiliary materials and energy mining phase, the transportation phase, the manufacturing phase, the recycling phase of the by-products and steel products (no steel product use and maintenance phase).
The second step is that: lifecycle manifest analysis
The life cycle of the production of the deformed steel bar by the scrap steel electric furnace is divided into 3 unit processes of electric arc furnace smelting (including scrap steel collection and treatment, self-control of oxygen, magnesium ball preparation by waste magnesia carbon bricks), refining, continuous casting, rolling and warehousing.
According to the divided unit processes, lists are established for input and output data of each unit process, the list data are derived from enterprise production field data, environment detection reports provided by third parties, and data obtained by processing and calculating the field data, and the list is shown in table 4.
TABLE 4 list of life cycle environmental impact of scrap steel electric furnace screw steel
Determining the process coefficient of each unit process according to the life cycle list, and calculating according to the following formula (1):
in the formula: i ≧ 1, representing the ith unit process from the last unit process;
I i inputting the ith unit process in the list analysis;
O i the output of the ith unit process in the inventory analysis;
K 0 ＝1；
I 0 and = R, R being the reference stream.
In this step, the life cycle inventory factor f (e.g., CO) 2 Emission of (d) is calculated as follows (2):
in the formula:
LCI R，f is the cumulative amount of inventory factor f for the reference stream R;
K i is the process coefficient of the ith unit process;
f i is the ith unit process life cycle list factor f in the list analysis.
The third step: life cycle impact evaluation
And classifying the life cycle list data obtained in the second step, and then carrying out environmental impact analysis, namely converting the list data into specific impact types such as Global Warming Potential (GWP), acidification (AP), eutrophication (EP), photochemical ozone synthesis (POCP), ozone layer depletion (ODP), non-renewable resource exhaustion potential (ADP) and the like, and quantitatively describing the environmental damage of each impact type by using a characteristic mathematical model based on relevant physical, chemical, biological and toxicity data, thereby realizing quantitative evaluation on the impact on human health, ecological environment and natural environment and the mutual relationship thereof.
Calculating the type parameter result of each life cycle influence type according to the following formula (3):
E j ＝ΣLCI R，f ·C j，f (3)
in the formula:
E j is the result of the type parameter of the environmental impact type j;
LCI R，f is the cumulative amount of inventory factor f for the stream with R as the reference;
C j，f the life cycle manifest factor f is a characterizing factor for the impact type j.
As described above, the life cycle model of the deformed steel bar produced by the scrap steel electric furnace in the short process is established by using the eFootprint software system, and the results of the parameters without the scrap steel circulation type are calculated and obtained and are shown in Table 5.
TABLE 5 results of life cycle type parameters for short process production of deformed steel bars in scrap electric furnace
The fourth step: life cycle interpretation
The life cycle evaluation and calculation results show that the global warming potential (GWP 100) of 1 ton of deformed steel bar products produced by the whole scrap steel electric furnace in a short process is 1.478E +03kg CO2-eq. For each environmental impact category, indirect contribution (environmental impact indirectly due to energy, resources used) is much greater than direct contribution (environmental impact directly from product production). For example, the direct contribution to GWP100 is 422.65kg CO2eq, and the proportion is only 28.57%; for the short-flow production of screw-thread steel by an all-steel scrap electric furnace, the contribution rate of the smelting stage of the electric furnace in each environmental influence category is the highest, such as the contribution rate of GWP100 in the stage reaches 78.39%. Therefore, from the perspective of reducing carbon of deformed steel bar products of the scrap electric furnace, the energy efficiency level of the electric arc furnace is recommended to be further improved, so that the steelmaking efficiency is effectively improved, the time required by melting the scrap steel is shortened, and the energy utilization efficiency is improved; meanwhile, the development and the process design of the smelting process of the full-scrap steel electric furnace are further enhanced, the comprehensive energy-saving and emission-reducing potential of the production process is greatly exploited, and the high integration of technical energy conservation and management energy conservation is realized.
In this document, the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "vertical", "horizontal", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, only for the purpose of clarity and convenience of description of the technical solution, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
As used herein, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, including not only those elements listed, but also other elements not expressly listed.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are given by way of illustration of the principles of the present invention, and that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (9)
1. A deformed steel bar life cycle environmental influence evaluation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1): determining an evaluation target, a functional unit and a system boundary range;
step 2): dividing the life cycle of an evaluation target into a plurality of unit processes, establishing a list of input and output data of each unit process and analyzing the list;
step 3): evaluating the environmental influence of the life cycle of the deformed steel bar by using a life cycle evaluation method system; dividing the analysis result of the list into environment influence types, and performing characterization through a characterization model and a type parameter to obtain a type parameter result of the deformed steel bar life cycle influence environment;
step 4): normalizing the type parameter results of various influence environments, and converting and combining the normalized results according to the selected weight factors to obtain the total environmental influence potential value of the life cycle of the deformed steel bar electric furnace deformed steel bar;
step 5): on the basis of accurately positioning and diagnosing key links and influence factors of the environmental influence generated in the life cycle of the deformed steel bar, according to an evaluation target and a system boundary range, an evaluation result and evaluation limitation are explained and suggestions are provided, and support is provided for making a sustainable improvement scheme, optimizing a production process flow and realizing a deformed steel bar production depth carbon reduction target.
2. The deformed steel bar life cycle environmental impact evaluation method according to claim 1, wherein the evaluation targets in the step 1) are: input and output related to energy, resources and emission at each stage in the life cycle of producing the deformed steel bar by using the full scrap steel as the raw material and adopting the electric furnace short process are quantized, potential environmental impact brought by the input and output is evaluated, and the method helps enterprises to quantify environmental performance, improve production process flow and promote low-carbon transformation high-quality development.
3. The deformed steel bar life cycle environmental impact evaluation method according to claim 1, wherein the functional unit in the step 1) is 1 ton of deformed steel bars produced by a scrap electric furnace in a short process.
4. The deformed steel bar life cycle environmental impact evaluation method according to claim 1, wherein the boundary ranges in the step 1) are as follows: from cradle to gate, the method comprises the steps of raw and auxiliary materials and energy exploitation, transportation, production and manufacturing, and recycling of by-products and steel products.
5. The life cycle evaluation method of the scrap electric furnace deformed steel bar according to claim 1, wherein the specific steps of the step 2) are as follows:
step 2-1): dividing the life cycle of the deformed steel bar of the scrap electric furnace into a plurality of unit processes convenient for list analysis;
step 2-2): collecting and calculating data of energy, resources, material consumption, products/byproducts, emission and waste to be disposed related to life cycle list factors in the unit process divided in the step 2-1), and classifying and summarizing the data of all the unit processes according to the list.
6. The method as set forth in claim 5, wherein the cumulative amount of the life cycle list factor f in the step 2-2) is calculated by the following equation (1):
in the formula:
LCI R，f is the cumulative amount of inventory factor f for the stream with R as the reference;
K i is the process coefficient of the ith unit process;
f i is the ith unit process life cycle list factor f in the list analysis.
7. The method for evaluating the life cycle of the deformed steel bar electric furnace deformed steel bar according to claim 1, wherein the type parameter result of the deformed steel bar life cycle influence environment in the step 3) is calculated according to the formula (2):
E j ＝∑LCI R，f ·C j，f (2)
in the formula:
E j is the result of the type parameter of the environmental impact type j;
LCI R，f is the cumulative amount of inventory factor f for the reference stream R;
c j，f the life cycle manifest factor f is a characterizing factor for the impact type j.
8. The life cycle evaluation method of the scrap electric furnace deformed steel bar according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3), the calculation method of the environmental benefit about the scrap recycling is represented by formula (3):
LCI includingEoL ＝X-(RR-S)(X pr -X re )·Y (3)
in the formula:
LCI includingEoL is a life cycle list considering the steel scrap circulation from 'cradle to gate';
x is the LCI result from cradle to gate without considering scrap recycling;
X pr the LCI result of the deformed steel bar is produced by utilizing the full iron ore through a blast furnace-converter process;
X re the LCI result of the deformed steel bar is produced by utilizing all scrap steel through an electric furnace short-flow process;
y is the efficiency of converting scrap steel into steel in the steel-making production of a full scrap steel electric furnace;
RR is the amount of scrap steel recovered after 1 ton of steel is discarded, namely the recovery rate of the scrap steel;
s is the amount of scrap added for producing 1 ton of deformed steel bar.
9. The method for evaluating the life cycle of the scrap electric furnace deformed steel bar according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3), the environmental benefit of the recycled raw material or the recycled scrap involved in the recycling cycle is 50:50 during the previous and subsequent life cycles, the calculation formula is as follows (4):
in the formula:
E RRW environmental performance of recycled feedstock or recycled waste;
W ERW is equivalent to the amount of virgin feedstock to recycled feedstock or to recycled waste;
E RW is a unit environmental performance equivalent to a renewable feedstock or a renewable waste of a primary feedstock;
r is the regeneration recovery of the renewable feedstock or renewable waste;
q is the mass/performance/price correction factor for the recycled feedstock or the recycled waste.
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| CN116822183B (en) * | 2023-06-20 | 2024-03-08 | 北京工业大学 | Implementation method and device for bringing environmental factors into aluminum alloy material design |
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