CN115983053B - Electromagnetic simulation method for dielectric substrate-containing antenna based on moment method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a moment method-based electromagnetic simulation method of a dielectric substrate-containing antenna, which comprises the steps of establishing the geometric structure of the antenna by utilizing a geometric modeling tool and marking the plane and the line of an antenna feed port and an impedance loading port; adding mesh auxiliary lines along the edge of the metal patch of the antenna on the adjacent medium surface and inside the metal patch; setting an antenna port according to the mark, and setting a solving condition; performing mesh triangle unit subdivision on the structure of the antenna according to the mesh subdivision auxiliary line, and recording subdivision mesh information; and carrying out electromagnetic simulation according to the solving conditions and the subdivision grid information. The method provided by the invention effectively improves the accuracy and the calculation efficiency when the electromagnetic characteristics of the antenna with the dielectric substrate structure are simulated by utilizing the moment method.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of simulation.
Background
With the miniaturization and integration development of wireless communication, as a core component of a wireless communication system, the design and optimization of an antenna increasingly depend on an electromagnetic simulation algorithm. The main current electromagnetic algorithm mainly comprises a time domain finite difference method, a finite element method and a moment method, wherein the moment method based on an integral form of a Maxwell equation set is the most recognized electromagnetic simulation method with the most accurate and efficient performance, and unknown number dispersion is only carried out on the surface of an antenna without introducing a cutoff boundary.
A typical process for simulating an antenna based on a moment method is as follows:
firstly, establishing a target surface integral equation taking equivalent electromagnetic current as an unknown quantity based on a Maxwell equation set and an equivalent principle, and then expanding equivalent electromagnetic current distribution of a target surface to be solved by utilizing a set of basis functions. The basis functions generally fall into two categories: the form of the global basis function and the local basis function is generally difficult to obtain for an irregular solving area, so that the local basis function is generally adopted when the electromagnetic problem is solved by using a moment method. The basic idea of a local basis function is to divide the entire solution area into a number of small surface units and then use a function of simple form as a basis function on each surface unit. This step is also called "meshing". If described in an abstract way, then:
wherein ,for integrating operator +.>To be solved for unknown quantity->For the excitation term of the known integral equation, the basis function is expanded +.>：。
After the equivalent electromagnetic current distribution of the substituted surface is unfolded, a group of test functions are adopted to test the formula 1.1, and then the integral in the area is solved, so that the formula 1.1 can be converted into a matrix equation. Solving the matrix equation to obtain the equivalent electromagnetic flow distribution of the surface to be obtained.
When solving the electromagnetic characteristics of the antenna by using a moment method, grid division is an important step affecting the calculation accuracy. Although many electromagnetic simulation software (such as altai FEKO, HFSS, CST, etc.) is provided with a mesh dissection tool, the mesh dissection can be automatically performed according to the working frequency and shape of the antenna, but a great number of experiments and simulation results show that: for an antenna comprising a dielectric substrate structure, the accuracy of the simulation result cannot be ensured by adopting a moment method and a traditional grid division method.
Although it is very convenient to use electromagnetic simulation software to simulate the electromagnetic characteristics of the antenna, different types of ports can be arranged, and the function of automatic mesh division is realized, the mesh division is completely dependent on the geometric model of the antenna, and the mesh division size is generally determined by the medium wavelength of the material of the mesh division. In fact, the processing mode of the simulation process of the moment method is very different for different types of materials, for example, equivalent current and magnetic current exist on the surface of the dielectric material at the same time, only equivalent current exists on the metal surface nearby, and the current in the direction perpendicular to the edge and outwards is zero for a thin metal surface sheet which can be equivalent to a surface. It follows that the distribution of the equivalent electromagnetic current is more complex in the transition region of the medium surface and the metal layer.
Unstructured meshing methods are widely used by current commercial and research software. The article "triangulated mesh technology research suitable for moment electromagnetic analysis" (Li Xuehua. Triangulated mesh technology research suitable for moment electromagnetic analysis [ D ]. Western electronic technology university 2012 ]) describes two commonly used algorithms for unstructured mesh scoring: delaunay triangulation and front edge propulsion. The Delaunay triangulation method can avoid occurrence of pathological triangles as much as possible; the front edge pushing method generates inner points on the vertical bisector of the selected front edge, and the generated triangle is close to a regular triangle or an isosceles triangle, so that the method has the characteristic of optimal local grid, but in order to judge the effectiveness of the generated points, the condition of line segment intersection needs to be repeatedly checked, and the operation amount is large.
The conventional grid division method is based on the whole electromagnetic model to carry out automatic division, and the method is difficult to consider local grid division precision. For some special antenna structures, there may be locally areas where electromagnetic variations are more complex, such as the edges of a dielectric patch antenna.
For these regions, the subdivision is performed according to the conventional mesh subdivision scale requirement, and the precision is usually insufficient; the encryption of the grids at the edges which are not distinguished can lead to the network subdivision being too dense, the unknowns being too many, and the simulation efficiency being affected. If the software is left to split by itself, it may be difficult to capture the complex distribution of equivalent electromagnetic currents at the edge of the metal layer, thereby affecting simulation accuracy. The present invention proposes a solution that combines efficiency and accuracy to solve this problem.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems in the related art to some extent.
Therefore, the invention aims to provide a moment method-based electromagnetic simulation method for a dielectric substrate antenna, which is used for improving simulation precision and efficiency.
In order to achieve the above objective, an embodiment of a first aspect of the present invention provides a method for electromagnetic simulation of a dielectric substrate antenna based on a moment method, including:
establishing the geometric structure of the antenna by using a geometric modeling tool, and marking the plane and the line of the antenna feed and impedance loading port;
adding mesh dissection auxiliary lines along the edge of the metal patch of the antenna and in the adjacent dielectric surface and the metal patch;
setting an antenna port according to the mark, and setting a solving condition;
performing mesh triangle unit subdivision on the structure of the antenna according to the mesh subdivision auxiliary line, and recording subdivision mesh information;
and carrying out electromagnetic simulation according to the solving conditions and the subdivision grid information.
In addition, the electromagnetic simulation method of the dielectric substrate antenna based on the moment method according to the embodiment of the invention can also have the following additional technical characteristics:
further, in an embodiment of the present invention, the establishing the geometry of the antenna using the geometric modeling tool includes:
modeling tools using FEKO software model antennas and save them in IGES or STEP format.
Further, in one embodiment of the present invention, the adding mesh subdivision auxiliary lines along the edge of the metal patch of the antenna and inside the adjacent dielectric surface and metal patch includes:
determining the distance between the grid subdivision auxiliary line and the edge of the patch by taking the working center frequency of the patch antenna as a reference;
and adding mesh dissection auxiliary lines according to the distances.
Further, in an embodiment of the present invention, the determining the distance between the grid subdivision auxiliary line and the patch edge based on the center frequency of the patch antenna operation includes:
the distance from the mesh auxiliary line to the patch edge is calculated by a formula, expressed as follows:
，
wherein ,for the antenna operating wavelength>The relative dielectric constant of the dielectric plate and the factor are influence factors for controlling the size of the mesh dissection auxiliary line.
Further, in an embodiment of the present invention, the setting an antenna port according to the tag, and setting a solution condition, includes:
the solution frequency is set using discrete solutions.
Further, in an embodiment of the present invention, the mesh triangle unit dissection of the structure of the antenna according to the mesh dissection auxiliary line, and recording the dissection mesh information, includes:
and meshing triangle unit subdivision is carried out on the antenna structure by using meshing software or a meshing tool of the electromagnetic simulation software.
In order to achieve the above object, an embodiment of a second aspect of the present invention provides a dielectric substrate antenna electromagnetic simulation device based on a moment method, including the following modules:
the construction module is used for establishing the geometric structure of the antenna by utilizing a geometric modeling tool and marking the plane and the line of the antenna feed and impedance loading port;
the adding module is used for adding mesh subdivision auxiliary lines along the edge of the metal patch of the antenna and in the adjacent medium surface and the metal patch;
the setting module is used for setting an antenna port according to the mark and setting a solving condition;
the dividing module is used for dividing the grid triangle unit of the structure of the antenna according to the grid division auxiliary line and recording the division grid information;
and the solving module is used for carrying out electromagnetic simulation according to the solving conditions and the subdivision grid information.
Further, in an embodiment of the present invention, the adding module is further configured to:
determining the distance between the grid subdivision auxiliary line and the edge of the patch by taking the working center frequency of the patch antenna as a reference;
and adding mesh dissection auxiliary lines according to the distances.
To achieve the above object, an embodiment of the present invention provides a computer device, which is characterized by comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and capable of running on the processor, wherein the processor implements a method for electromagnetic simulation of a dielectric substrate antenna based on a moment method as described above when executing the computer program.
To achieve the above object, a fourth aspect of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, wherein the computer program, when executed by a processor, implements a method for electromagnetic simulation of a dielectric substrate antenna based on a moment method as described above.
According to the electromagnetic simulation method of the dielectric substrate-containing antenna based on the moment method, provided by the embodiment of the invention, the network subdivision at the edges of the metal patch and the dielectric substrate is properly restrained by adding the mesh subdivision auxiliary line, so that the accuracy of a simulation result is ensured.
Drawings
The foregoing and/or additional aspects and advantages of the invention will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of an electromagnetic simulation method of a dielectric substrate antenna based on a moment method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an antenna model according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an auxiliary line for mesh division of an antenna local pattern according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a meshing result according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic flow chart of an electromagnetic simulation device for a dielectric substrate antenna based on a moment method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to like or similar elements or elements having like or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are illustrative and intended to explain the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the invention.
The electromagnetic simulation method of the dielectric substrate antenna based on the moment method according to the embodiment of the invention is described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of an electromagnetic simulation method of a dielectric substrate antenna based on a moment method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the electromagnetic simulation method of the dielectric substrate antenna based on the moment method comprises the following steps:
s101: establishing the geometric structure of the antenna by using a geometric modeling tool, and marking the plane and the line of the antenna feed and impedance loading port;
the antenna model is built, the geometry of the designed antenna can be built by using a common geometrical software or a self-contained geometrical modeling tool of electromagnetic simulation software (such as Altair FEKO), and the plane and the line of the antenna feed and impedance loading ports are marked. The invention uses a modeling tool carried by FEKO software to model an antenna, and the established antenna model is shown in figure 2.
Further, in an embodiment of the present invention, the establishing the geometry of the antenna using the geometric modeling tool includes:
modeling tools using FEKO software model antennas and save them in IGES or STEP format.
S102: adding mesh dissection auxiliary lines along the edge of the metal patch of the antenna and in the adjacent dielectric surface and the metal patch;
when the antenna model is simulated by using a moment method, grids are required to be divided, which is an extremely important step for influencing the simulation result. For portions with a smaller surface current density, such as a ground plate, a dielectric plate, etc., the grid may be divided relatively sparsely; for some portions with higher current densities, such as patches, probes, etc., the grid may be relatively densely divided, thereby improving the efficiency and accuracy of antenna simulation.
However, at the edge of the antenna patch, if a sparse grid is used, the change of the electromagnetic environment may not be completely reflected, so that the simulation result error becomes larger, and the antenna patch with smaller patch size is more so. Therefore, grid subdivision auxiliary lines are added near the patch, so that the grids near the patch are divided more densely, and the simulation result is more accurate.
Further, in one embodiment of the present invention, the adding mesh subdivision auxiliary lines along the edge of the metal patch of the antenna and inside the adjacent dielectric surface and metal patch includes:
determining the distance between the grid subdivision auxiliary line and the edge of the patch by taking the working center frequency of the patch antenna as a reference;
and adding mesh dissection auxiliary lines according to the distances.
Further, in an embodiment of the present invention, the determining the distance between the grid subdivision auxiliary line and the patch edge based on the center frequency of the patch antenna operation includes:
the distance from the mesh auxiliary line to the patch edge is calculated by a formula, expressed as follows:
，
wherein ,for the antenna operating wavelength>The relative dielectric constant of the dielectric plate and the factor are influence factors for controlling the size of the mesh dissection auxiliary line.
After the distance is determined, the line can be drawn, in the FEKO software, points can be drawn at the corners first, then the points are connected, and then the grid subdivision auxiliary line is added. As shown in fig. 3, a schematic diagram of mesh auxiliary lines is added inside and outside the metal patch.
S103: setting an antenna port according to the mark, and setting a solving condition;
further, in an embodiment of the present invention, the setting an antenna port according to the tag, and setting a solution condition, includes:
the solution frequency is set using discrete solutions.
The invention uses edge port feed, and has six ports in total. And then performing solving setting. If the S parameter is needed to be solved, S parameter solving setting is needed to be added; if the far-field radiation of the antenna is to be solved, the far field of the antenna needs to be set, and 1V voltage is added to each port. When the solving frequency is set, discrete solving is preferably selected, and the FEKO software can sequentially solve the result of each point, so that the accuracy of the sweeping result is higher.
S104: performing mesh triangle unit subdivision on the structure of the antenna according to the mesh subdivision auxiliary line, and recording subdivision mesh information;
further, in an embodiment of the present invention, the mesh triangle unit dissection of the structure of the antenna according to the mesh dissection auxiliary line, and recording the dissection mesh information, includes:
and meshing triangle unit subdivision is carried out on the antenna structure by using meshing software or a meshing tool of the electromagnetic simulation software.
The FEKO software is provided with a mesh subdivision tool, performs mesh triangle unit subdivision on the antenna structure, and records the triangle unit number of the port. The general flow of using the software for simulation comprises the steps of establishing a model, meshing and solving and setting, and then starting solving. Before grid division, a grid division auxiliary line is added to influence the grid division result. FIG. 4 is a comparison of meshing cases before and after the addition of meshing auxiliary lines; wherein the part a is the grid division condition when no auxiliary line is added; the part b is a grid division situation after the auxiliary line is added; it can be seen that after adding the meshing aid lines, the meshing at the edges of the metal patch becomes denser.
S105: and carrying out electromagnetic simulation according to the solving conditions and the subdivision grid information.
According to the electromagnetic simulation method of the dielectric substrate-containing antenna based on the moment method, provided by the embodiment of the invention, the network subdivision at the edges of the metal patch and the dielectric substrate is properly restrained by adding the mesh subdivision auxiliary line, so that the accuracy of a simulation result is ensured.
In order to realize the embodiment, the invention also provides an electromagnetic simulation device of the dielectric substrate antenna based on a moment method.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an electromagnetic simulation device with a dielectric substrate antenna based on a moment method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 5, the electromagnetic simulation device for the dielectric substrate antenna based on the moment method includes: a construction module 100, an addition module 200, a setup module 300, a partitioning module 400, a solving module 500, wherein,
the construction module is used for establishing the geometric structure of the antenna by utilizing a geometric modeling tool and marking the plane and the line of the antenna feed and impedance loading port;
the adding module is used for adding mesh subdivision auxiliary lines along the edge of the metal patch of the antenna and in the adjacent medium surface and the metal patch;
the setting module is used for setting an antenna port according to the mark and setting a solving condition;
the dividing module is used for dividing the grid triangle unit of the structure of the antenna according to the grid division auxiliary line and recording the division grid information;
and the solving module is used for carrying out electromagnetic simulation according to the solving conditions and the subdivision grid information.
Further, in an embodiment of the present invention, the adding module is further configured to:
determining the distance between the grid subdivision auxiliary line and the edge of the patch by taking the working center frequency of the patch antenna as a reference;
and adding mesh dissection auxiliary lines according to the distances.
To achieve the above object, an embodiment of the third aspect of the present invention provides a computer device, which is characterized by comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and capable of running on the processor, wherein the processor implements the electromagnetic simulation method for the dielectric substrate antenna based on the moment method as described above when executing the computer program.
To achieve the above object, a fourth aspect of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, wherein the computer program, when executed by a processor, implements the method for electromagnetic simulation of a dielectric substrate antenna based on a moment method as described above.
In the description of the present specification, a description referring to terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms are not necessarily directed to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples may be combined and combined by those skilled in the art without contradiction.
Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" means at least two, for example, two, three, etc., unless specifically defined otherwise.
While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it will be understood that the above embodiments are illustrative and not to be construed as limiting the invention, and that variations, modifications, alternatives and variations may be made to the above embodiments by one of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. The electromagnetic simulation method of the dielectric substrate-containing antenna based on the moment method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
establishing the geometric structure of the antenna by using a geometric modeling tool, and marking the plane and the line of the antenna feed and impedance loading port;
adding mesh dissection auxiliary lines along the edge of the metal patch of the antenna and in the adjacent dielectric surface and the metal patch;
setting an antenna port according to the mark, and setting a solving condition;
performing mesh triangle unit subdivision on the structure of the antenna according to the mesh subdivision auxiliary line, and recording subdivision mesh information;
electromagnetic simulation is carried out according to the solving conditions and the subdivision grid information;
wherein, along the metal paster edge of antenna, add the mesh subdivision auxiliary line in its adjacent dielectric surface and metal paster inside, include:
determining the distance between the grid subdivision auxiliary line and the edge of the patch by taking the working center frequency of the patch antenna as a reference;
adding mesh dissection auxiliary lines according to the distance;
the method for determining the distance between the grid subdivision auxiliary line and the edge of the patch by taking the working center frequency of the patch antenna as a reference comprises the following steps:
the distance from the mesh auxiliary line to the patch edge is calculated by a formula, expressed as follows:
，
wherein ,for the antenna operating wavelength>The relative dielectric constant of the dielectric plate and the factor are influence factors for controlling the size of the mesh dissection auxiliary line.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the establishing the geometry of the antenna using a geometric modeling tool comprises:
modeling tools using FEKO software model antennas and save them in IGES or STEP format.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein setting an antenna port according to the tag and setting a solution condition comprises:
the solution frequency is set using discrete solutions.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein meshing triangle unit meshing of the structure of the antenna according to the meshing assistance line and recording meshing mesh information comprises:
and meshing triangle unit subdivision is carried out on the antenna structure by using meshing software or a meshing tool of the electromagnetic simulation software.
5. The electromagnetic simulation device for the dielectric substrate-containing antenna based on the moment method is characterized by comprising the following modules:
the construction module is used for establishing the geometric structure of the antenna by utilizing a geometric modeling tool and marking the plane and the line of the antenna feed and impedance loading port;
the adding module is used for adding mesh subdivision auxiliary lines along the edge of the metal patch of the antenna and in the adjacent medium surface and the metal patch;
the setting module is used for setting an antenna port according to the mark and setting a solving condition;
the dividing module is used for dividing the grid triangle unit of the structure of the antenna according to the grid division auxiliary line and recording the division grid information;
the solving module is used for carrying out electromagnetic simulation according to the solving conditions and the subdivision grid information;
wherein, add the module, still be used for:
determining the distance between the grid subdivision auxiliary line and the edge of the patch by taking the working center frequency of the patch antenna as a reference;
adding mesh dissection auxiliary lines according to the distance;
the method for determining the distance between the grid subdivision auxiliary line and the edge of the patch by taking the working center frequency of the patch antenna as a reference comprises the following steps:
the distance from the mesh auxiliary line to the patch edge is calculated by a formula, expressed as follows:
，
wherein ,for the antenna operating wavelength>The relative dielectric constant of the dielectric plate and the factor are influence factors for controlling the size of the mesh dissection auxiliary line.
6. A computer device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and running on the processor, the processor implementing the moment method based electromagnetic simulation method of a dielectric substrate antenna according to any one of claims 1-4 when executing the computer program.
7. A computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program, which when executed by a processor implements the moment method based electromagnetic simulation method of a dielectric substrate antenna according to any of claims 1-4.
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