CN115980091A - Infrared nondestructive testing method and system for detecting rotten degree of ancient building roof boarding - Google Patents

Infrared nondestructive testing method and system for detecting rotten degree of ancient building roof boarding Download PDF

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CN115980091A
CN115980091A CN202310124862.4A CN202310124862A CN115980091A CN 115980091 A CN115980091 A CN 115980091A CN 202310124862 A CN202310124862 A CN 202310124862A CN 115980091 A CN115980091 A CN 115980091A
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decay
infrared
image
infrared image
roof boarding
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张厚江
柳苏洋
李玉风
彭林
王皓宇
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Beijing Forestry University
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Beijing Forestry University
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Abstract

The invention provides an infrared nondestructive testing method for detecting the decay degree of a ancient building roof boarding, which comprises the following steps: building a telescope plate infrared image acquisition device; taking an infrared detection image of the telescope plate at the infrared image shooting time of 2-3 pm (when the outdoor temperature is higher than the indoor temperature) by taking sunlight as a heat source; extracting a corrosion area of the telescoping plate based on edge detection of an infrared image processing system of Python; and (4) calculating the decay area ratio of the strawboard to determine the decay degree of the strawboard. The method utilizes the infrared thermal imaging technology to make up the defects of the existing inspection method for the decay of the telescoping plank, and has the advantages of strong portability, simple operation, suitability for on-site inspection of ancient buildings, no damage and the like. The method provides technical support for detecting the decay degree of the ancient building roof boarding and has very important practical significance for maintenance and repair of the ancient building roof boarding.

Description

Infrared nondestructive testing method and system for detecting rotten degree of ancient building roof boarding
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of detection of the decay degree of a strawboard, in particular to a rapid and nondestructive detection method and system for the decay degree of a strawboard of an ancient building.
Background
China has a large number of wooden ancient buildings, the roofs of the ancient buildings are positioned at the top of the whole building, the ancient buildings play roles of bearing, enclosing, decoration and the like, influence of wind, rain, snow, solar radiation heat, low temperature in winter and the like in the nature is resisted, and the whole building is effectively protected. Generally, the roof of the wooden historic building consists of three parts, namely a grey tile, a tarpaulin back and a roof board from outside to inside, wherein the roof board is a wood board which is laid on a rafter and has the functions of supporting the tarpaulin back, the tile and closing a room. Due to the uniqueness of the structural position of the strake, the strake is influenced by environmental factors such as rain, snow and the like, and is easily in a dark and humid state due to rain leakage, water seepage and the like in the service process, so that the strake is damaged by fungi, bacteria and the like to cause decay defects, and the decay always occurs from the outer surface of the strake, namely the surface in contact with the back of the manta. However, due to the particularity of the structural position of the roof slab of the historic building, the outer part of the roof slab is covered with manta back and grey tiles, decay cannot be directly observed and detected from the outer side of the roof slab, only serious decay developed from the outer side to the inner side of the roof slab can be observed from the inner side of the roof slab, and the inner side of the roof slab is mostly in a narrow and small space roof, so that the problems of inapplicability of the operation of the traditional nondestructive detection method (a visual inspection method, a knocking method, a micro-drilling resistance meter method and the like) and great construction technical difficulty exist in the detection of the decay degree of the roof slab. That is, the early detection and quantitative detection and evaluation of the decay degree of the ancient building roof boarding are difficult, and the ancient building roof boarding is a big problem in the protection of wooden ancient buildings.
The infrared thermal Imaging (IRT) technology has good development prospect in the field of nondestructive detection of wood by virtue of the advantages of high detection speed, high efficiency, non-contact, low cost, visual detection result and the like. The principle of detecting the decay degree of the telescope plate by the infrared thermal imaging technology is based on that the telescope plate radiates infrared rays every moment, and the detection accuracy of the infrared thermal imaging technology is directly influenced by the radiation temperature difference between a decay area and a normal area of the telescope plate. According to the rule, the infrared image of the strake to be detected is obtained, the infrared images of the rotten area and the normal area of the strake show different color distributions, and the accurate determination of the rotten defect degree of the strake can be realized by combining an image processing means, so that the method has important significance on the aspects of detection and repair work of the strake of the historic building and maintenance of the safety of the historic building.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides an infrared nondestructive testing method and system for testing the rot degree of a ancient building roof boarding.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides an infrared nondestructive testing method for detecting a decay degree of a ancient building roof boarding, including: building a telescope plate infrared image acquisition device; shooting an infrared image of the telescope at 2-3 pm (when the outdoor temperature is higher than the indoor temperature, such as summer and the sun), and obtaining the infrared image by shooting; carrying out image gray mapping and smooth denoising treatment on the infrared image, and extracting a rotten area; calculating the area ratio of the detected decay of the telescoping plank, and analyzing and determining the decay degree of the telescoping plank.
By adopting the implementation mode, the defects of the existing decay detection method can be made up, the information of the decay defect of the strawboard can be quickly and intuitively acquired, the technical support is provided for evaluating the decay degree of the ancient building strawboard, and the method has very important practical significance for maintenance and renovation research of the ancient building strawboard.
With reference to the first aspect, in a first possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the infrared detection device for the rot degree of the ancient building roof boarding is flexible to build and can be built by an infrared thermal imager, a tripod, image acquisition software and a computer. With reference to the first aspect, in a second possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the obtaining manner of the infrared image of the telescope plate is as follows: and acquiring a plurality of clear telescope plate infrared images by using the thermal infrared imager based on the built telescope plate infrared image acquisition device.
With reference to the second possible implementation manner of the first aspect, in a third possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the capturing time of the infrared image is 2 to 3 pm, and the method includes: the temperature difference between the decay roof boarding and the normal roof boarding is directThe maximum temperature difference M between the decayed roof boarding and the normal roof boarding is influenced by the detection effect of the thermal infrared imager max Is given by the formula
Figure BDA0004081802440000011
Wherein, the indoor side of the roof boarding is the inner surface of the roof boarding, and the roof side is the outer surface. Temperature t of one side of inner surface of roof panel 0 Temperature t of one side of the outer surface of the roof panel 1 Normal roof boarding density ρ 1 Specific heat capacity of normal roof boarding c 1 Density rho of decay roof boarding 2 Specific heat capacity of decay roof boarding 2 . From equation 1, it can be seen that the difference between the heat transfer temperatures of the decayed and normal sheathing is determined by the temperature difference between the two sides of the sheathing without considering the sheathing material. Therefore, in an environment with large indoor and outdoor temperature difference, a better infrared detection result can be obtained. The indoor and outdoor temperature difference of the ancient building at 2-3 pm is the largest through monitoring the weather of the area, and the best infrared detection effect can be obtained through shooting in the time period.
The acquisition mode of the infrared image of the telescope plate is as follows: based on the built telescope infrared image acquisition device, in the detection time of 2-3 pm, the infrared thermal imager is adjusted to shoot the telescope area to be detected, and a plurality of clear telescope infrared images are obtained.
With reference to the first aspect, in a fourth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the gray mapping and smooth denoising processing in the infrared image includes: converting an RGB image shot by infrared rays into an HSV image, extracting an h value and carrying out gray mapping; and on the basis of gray processing, carrying out Gaussian filtering and removing on noise points in the infrared image.
With reference to the fourth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, in a fifth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the color information of the infrared image may be mapped to gray scale information one by one, and the color identification capability of the gray scale map of the infrared image converted into the HSV map is higher than that of the infrared gray scale image mapped by the RGB image.
With reference to the first aspect, in a sixth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the telescoping plate infrared detection image includes rich decay degree information, and the decay degree information is extracted by using an edge detection method, including: obtaining the edge of the rotten area by using a Canny edge detection algorithm; and finally, obtaining decay degree information of the infrared image.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides an infrared nondestructive image processing system for detecting the decay degree of a ancient building roof boarding, the system comprising: the image acquisition module is used for reading the infrared image with decay information acquired by the infrared image acquisition device; the image preprocessing module is used for carrying out RGB-to-HSV conversion on the infrared image, and carrying out gray level mapping and filtering processing to obtain a gray level image; the image decay region detection module is used for extracting decay defect information of the infrared image based on an edge detection method of a Canny operator, obtaining a decay region edge by using a Canny edge detection algorithm, and extracting decay region edge information of the infrared image; and the image decay area calculation module is used for calculating the ratio of the decay area of the strawboard according to the decay defect information of the infrared image and providing a reference for the relevant research of the evaluation of the decay degree of the strawboard.
With reference to the second aspect, in a first possible implementation manner of the second aspect, the image preprocessing module includes: the first processing unit is used for converting the infrared image format to obtain an HSV image, wherein an accurate graying process is adopted for the infrared image to realize one-to-one matching of the color information and the gray value of the infrared image so as to obtain a gray image with high discrimination; and the second processing unit is used for denoising the high-discrimination gray level image based on a Gaussian filtering algorithm to obtain a smooth noise-reduced gray level image.
In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides an electronic device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, where the processor implements the steps of any one of the above-mentioned methods for processing infrared images of a telescope when executing the program.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an acquisition mode of an infrared image of a roof panel of a historic building provided by the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of the infrared nondestructive testing method for detecting the decay degree of the ancient building roof boarding provided by the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an infrared nondestructive testing system for detecting the decay degree of the roof boarding of the ancient building, which is provided by the invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device provided in the present invention.
In the figure 1, the sun is illuminated; 2. a ancient building roof boarding; 3. a thermal infrared imager; 4. a tripod; 5. and (4) a computer.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The following describes the infrared nondestructive testing method and system for detecting the decay degree of the ancient building roof boarding according to the invention with reference to fig. 1-4.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an acquisition mode of an infrared image of a historic building roof panel provided by the invention, as shown in fig. 1, at 2-3 pm (when outdoor temperature is higher than indoor temperature), solar illumination 1 is used as a heat source for infrared detection to provide thermal excitation, an infrared thermal imager 3 is fixed on a tripod 4 in the historic building room to adjust a proper shooting distance, the historic building roof panel 2 is shot by using the infrared thermal imager 3 to acquire the infrared detection image of the historic building roof panel, and the shot image can be subjected to operations such as infrared image gray mapping, denoising treatment, edge detection of a rot area, calculation of a rot area and the like in a computer 5.
Fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart of the infrared nondestructive testing method for detecting the degree of decay of the ancient building roof boarding provided by the invention, and as shown in fig. 2, the method comprises the following steps:
and S101, building an infrared image shooting device of the telescope plate to be detected.
In the embodiment, the telescope plate infrared image acquisition device is flexible to build and can be built by a thermal infrared imager, a tripod, image acquisition software and a computer.
S102, carrying out infrared image shooting at 2-3 pm (when the outdoor temperature is higher than the indoor temperature, such as summer and the sun), and obtaining an infrared image.
The infrared image shooting time is 2-3 pm, including: the temperature difference between the decay sheathing and the normal sheathing directly influences the detection effect of the thermal infrared imager, and the maximum temperature difference M between the decay sheathing and the normal sheathing max Is given by the formula
Figure BDA0004081802440000031
/>
Wherein, the roof boarding near the indoor side is the inner surface of the roof boarding, and the roof side near the roof side is the outer surface. Temperature t of one side of inner surface of roof panel 0 Temperature t of one side of the outer surface of the roof panel 1 Normal roof boarding density ρ 1 Specific heat capacity of normal roof sheet c 1 Density rho of decay roof boarding 2 Specific heat capacity of corrosion-resistant sheathing c 2 . From equation 1, it follows that the magnitude of the heat transfer temperature difference between the decayed and normal telescoping plates is dependent on the temperature difference across the telescoping plates, without regard to the telescoping plate material. Therefore, in an environment with large indoor and outdoor temperature difference, a better infrared detection result can be obtained. The largest indoor and outdoor temperature difference of the ancient building at 2-3 pm is obtained by monitoring the weather of the area, and the best infrared detection effect can be obtained by shooting in the time period.
The acquisition mode of the infrared image of the telescope plate is as follows: based on the built telescope infrared image acquisition device, the infrared thermal imager is adjusted to shoot a field of view to the region of the telescope to be detected within the detection time of 2-3 pm, and a plurality of clear telescope infrared images are obtained.
S103, carrying out image gray mapping and denoising processing on the infrared image, and extracting decay region information.
The infrared image contains rich inspection information of the decay of the strawboard, and the extraction of the information of the decay of the strawboard adopts a Canny edge detection method: firstly, preprocessing the infrared detection image of the telescope plate, graying and removing noise interference, obtaining the edge of a decay area by using a Canny edge detection algorithm, and extracting the edge information of the decay area of the infrared detection image.
And S104, calculating the decay area ratio, and analyzing and determining the decay degree of the detected telescoping plank.
And analyzing the proportion characteristics of the decay region of the strake according to the edge information of the decay region of the infrared detection image, providing a reference for evaluating the decay degree research of the strake, and determining the decay degree of the detected strake.
The infrared nondestructive detection method for detecting the rot degree of the ancient building strawboard provided by the embodiment of the invention can make up for the defects of the existing rot defect detection method, and can obtain the method for detecting the rot degree of the ancient building strawboard, which has the advantages of high detection speed, high efficiency, non-contact, low cost and visual detection result, thereby providing technical support for the rot degree detection of the ancient building strawboard.
Corresponding to the infrared nondestructive testing method for the rot degree of the ancient building strake provided by the embodiment, the invention also provides an embodiment of an infrared nondestructive testing system for testing the rot degree of the ancient building strake. Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an infrared image processing system for detecting the decay degree of a ancient building roof boarding according to the present invention, and as shown in fig. 3, the infrared image processing system 20 for detecting the decay degree of a ancient building roof boarding includes: the system comprises an image acquisition module 201, an image preprocessing module 202, an image decay area detection module 203 and an image decay area calculation module 204. The image acquisition module 201 is configured to read an infrared image with decay information acquired by an infrared image acquisition device; the image preprocessing module 202 is configured to perform RGB-to-HSV conversion on the infrared image, perform gray mapping to obtain a gray image, and perform filtering and denoising; the image decay region detection module 203 is used for extracting decay defect information of the infrared image based on a Canny operator edge detection method; and the image decay area calculation module 204 is used for calculating the ratio of the decay area of the perspective panel according to the decay defect information of the infrared image, and providing a reference for the relevant research of evaluation of the decay degree of the perspective panel.
Further, the image preprocessing module 202 includes: a first processing unit and a second processing unit.
The first processing unit is used for converting the infrared image format to obtain an HSV image, wherein the infrared image is subjected to an accurate graying process, a grayscale mapping equation is y =255- (17/8) × h, and the color information of the infrared image is matched with the grayscale value one by one to obtain a grayscale image with high discrimination;
and the second processing unit is used for removing the shooting noise of the infrared image by using a Gaussian filtering method.
The system embodiment provided in the embodiments of the present invention is for implementing the above method embodiments, and for details of the process and the details, reference is made to the above method embodiments, which are not described herein again.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device provided in the present invention, and as shown in fig. 4, the electronic device 30 may include: a processor (processor) 301, a communication Interface (communication Interface) 302, a memory (memory) 303 and a communication bus 304, wherein the processor 301, the communication Interface 302 and the memory 303 complete communication with each other through the communication bus 304. The processor 301 may invoke logic instructions in the memory 303 to perform a decay level detection method comprising: reading an infrared detection image set acquired by a telescope plate infrared image acquisition device; converting the format of the infrared image HSV and mapping the gray level to obtain a gray level image with high discrimination, and removing shooting noise points of the infrared image based on a Gaussian filtering method; extracting decay defect information of the infrared image based on a Canny operator edge detection method; analyzing decay defect information of the infrared image, calculating the decay area proportion of the strake, and determining the decay degree of the strake.
In addition, the logic instructions in the memory 303 may be implemented in the form of software functional units and stored in a computer readable storage medium when the logic instructions are sold or used as independent products. Based on such understanding, the technical solution of the present invention may be embodied in the form of a software product, which is stored in a storage medium and includes instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device) to execute all or part of the steps of the method according to the embodiments of the present invention. And the aforementioned storage medium includes: a U-disk, a removable hard disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a magnetic disk or an optical disk, and other various media capable of storing program codes.
In another aspect, the present invention also provides a computer program product comprising a computer program stored on a non-transitory computer readable storage medium, the computer program comprising program instructions which, when executed by a computer, enable the computer to perform the method for detecting the degree of decay of a subject, comprising: reading an infrared detection image set acquired by a telescope plate infrared image acquisition device; converting the HSV format of the infrared image and mapping the HSV format to obtain a high-discrimination gray image, and removing shooting noise of the infrared image based on a Gaussian filtering method; extracting decay defect information of the infrared image based on a Canny operator edge detection method; analyzing decay defect information of the infrared image, calculating the decay area proportion of the strake, and determining the decay degree of the strake.
In yet another aspect, the present invention further provides a non-transitory computer readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, the computer program being implemented by a processor to perform the method for detecting the decay degree of a telescoping board provided in the above embodiments, including: reading an infrared detection image set acquired by a telescope plate infrared image acquisition device; converting the format of the infrared image HSV and mapping the gray level to obtain a gray level image with high discrimination, and removing shooting noise points of the infrared image based on a Gaussian filtering method; extracting decay defect information of the infrared image based on a Canny operator edge detection method; analyzing decay defect information of the infrared image, calculating the decay area proportion of the strake, and determining the decay degree of the strake.
The above-described system embodiments are merely illustrative, and the units described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, and parts displayed as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on a plurality of network units. Some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the present embodiment. One of ordinary skill in the art can understand and implement it without inventive effort.
Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art will clearly understand that each embodiment can be implemented by software plus a necessary general hardware platform, and certainly can also be implemented by hardware. With this understanding in mind, the above-described technical solutions may be embodied in the form of a software product, which can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium such as ROM/RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk, etc., and includes instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in the embodiments or some parts of the embodiments.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. An infrared nondestructive testing method for detecting the decay degree of a roof boarding of an ancient building, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
building an infrared image acquisition device of a historic building roof boarding;
carrying out infrared image shooting at 2-3 pm (when the outdoor temperature is higher than the indoor temperature, such as summer and the sun), and obtaining an infrared image;
carrying out gray mapping and denoising processing on the infrared image, and extracting the edge of an image decay region;
and (4) calculating the area ratio of the decay of the telescoping plate, and analyzing and determining the decay degree of the telescoping plate.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the infrared image is obtained by shooting by the built-up telescope infrared image acquisition device, and the telescope infrared image acquisition device is flexible to build and can be built by a thermal infrared imager, a tripod, image acquisition software and a computer.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the infrared image capturing time is 2-3 pm (when outdoor temperature is higher than indoor temperature, such as summer, with sun), comprising: the temperature difference between the decay sheathing and the normal sheathing directly influences the detection effect of the thermal infrared imager, and the maximum temperature difference M between the decay sheathing and the normal sheathing max Is given by the formula
Figure FDA0004081802430000011
Wherein, the inner side of the roof boarding close to the room is the inner surface of the roof boarding, and the top side of the roof boarding close to the room is the outer surface; temperature t of one side of inner surface of roof panel 0 Temperature t of one side of the outer surface of the roof panel 1 Normal roof boarding density ρ 1 Specific heat capacity of normal roof boarding c 1 Density rho of decay roof boarding 2 Specific heat capacity of decay roof boarding 2 (ii) a As can be seen from equation 1, the decay of the roof boarding and the normal roof boarding is achieved without taking into account the material of the roof boardingThe heat transfer temperature difference depends on the temperature difference of the two sides of the telescope plate, so that a better infrared detection result can be obtained in an environment with a large indoor and outdoor temperature difference; the method comprises the following steps of monitoring the weather of a region where the ancient building is located, obtaining the maximum indoor and outdoor temperature difference of the ancient building at 2-3 pm, and obtaining the best infrared detection effect by shooting in the time period;
the acquisition mode of the infrared image of the telescope plate is as follows: based on the built telescope plate infrared image acquisition device, in the detection time of 2-3 pm, the thermal infrared imager is adjusted to a proper field range, the inner surface of the telescope plate to be detected on the roof is shot in the ancient building room, and a plurality of clear telescope plate infrared images are obtained.
4. The method according to claim 1 or 3, wherein the grey-scale mapping and denoising processing is performed on the infrared image, and comprises:
converting an RGB (red, green and blue) image shot by infrared into an HSV (hue, saturation and value) image with higher color recognition capability, extracting a value h and carrying out gray mapping, wherein a mapping equation is y =255- (17/8) × h;
and on the basis of gray processing, carrying out Gaussian filtering and removing on noise points in the infrared image.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the inspection image of the telescoping plate contains abundant decay information, and the decay information is extracted by an edge detection method, comprising:
and obtaining the edge of the decay region by using a Canny edge detection algorithm, and extracting decay information of the infrared image.
6. The method according to claim 1, further comprising calculating a decay area ratio according to the decay defect information of the infrared image, analyzing the decay degree of the hawk, and providing guidance for evaluation, renovation and maintenance related projects of the decay degree of the hawk of the ancient building.
7. An infrared nondestructive testing system for detecting the decay degree of a roof panel of an ancient building, comprising:
the image acquisition module is used for reading the infrared image with decay information acquired by the infrared image acquisition device;
the image preprocessing module is used for converting the RGB image into the HSV image, performing gray mapping to obtain a gray image, and filtering the gray image to remove noise;
the image decay region detection module is used for extracting decay defect information of the infrared image based on a Canny operator edge detection method;
and the inspection plate decay area calculation module is used for calculating the inspection plate decay area proportion according to the decay defect information of the infrared image and providing reference for the inspection of the inspection plate decay degree.
8. The system of claim 7, wherein the image pre-processing module comprises:
the first processing unit is used for converting the infrared image format to obtain an HSV image, wherein an accurate graying process is adopted for the infrared image to realize that the color information of the infrared image is matched with the gray value one by one so as to obtain a gray image with high discrimination;
and the second processing unit is used for filtering and denoising the high-discrimination gray level image based on a Gaussian filtering algorithm to obtain a smooth noise-reduced gray level image.
9. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on said memory and executable on said processor, wherein said processor when executing said program performs the steps of infrared image processing analysis of a telescope as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7.
CN202310124862.4A 2023-02-07 2023-02-07 Infrared nondestructive testing method and system for detecting rotten degree of ancient building roof boarding Pending CN115980091A (en)

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