CN115979118A - Device and method for measuring perpendicularity error and error azimuth angle of cylindrical part - Google Patents
Device and method for measuring perpendicularity error and error azimuth angle of cylindrical part Download PDFInfo
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- CN115979118A CN115979118A CN202310256998.0A CN202310256998A CN115979118A CN 115979118 A CN115979118 A CN 115979118A CN 202310256998 A CN202310256998 A CN 202310256998A CN 115979118 A CN115979118 A CN 115979118A
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of part precision measurement, and particularly discloses a device and a method for measuring perpendicularity error and error azimuth angle of a cylindrical part. The measuring device comprises an operation table, an object stage, a calibration block, a sliding block, a displacement sensor and a data acquisition device. The objective table and the sliding block are arranged on the operation table. One side of objective table and one side looks butt of sliding block, the height of sliding block is higher than the objective table. The calibration block is arranged on the objective table and is abutted against the side face of the sliding block, and the cylindrical part to be measured is arranged on the objective table and is abutted against the calibration block and the sliding block. The table surface of the operation table, the side surface of the sliding block, the upper surface, the lower surface and the side surface of the object stage and the side surface of the calibration block have high-precision flatness. The upper surface of sliding block is equipped with the fixed bolster, and displacement sensor locates on the fixed bolster and sets up in opposite directions with the alignment block, and displacement sensor is connected with data acquisition device. The invention has simple operation and low cost, and the measurement precision meets the requirement.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of part precision measurement, and particularly relates to a device and a method for measuring perpendicularity error and error azimuth angle of a cylindrical part.
Background
Perpendicularity is used as a basic geometric error of a part, and influences the working performance of the part. Before a part with the requirement on perpendicularity is used, in order to enable the part to meet working requirements, it is of great significance to measure the perpendicularity of the end face of the part and a center line.
At present, the geometric errors and directions of cylindrical parts are mostly measured by devices such as a three-coordinate measuring instrument, but the devices are high in price and high in requirements on use environments, and field measurement is not facilitated. In order to improve the measurement efficiency of the perpendicularity error and the error azimuth angle of the cylindrical part and reduce the measurement cost, a simple measurement device and a simple measurement method for the perpendicularity error and the error azimuth angle of the cylindrical part need to be provided.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a device for measuring the perpendicularity error and the error azimuth angle of a cylindrical part, which effectively solves the problems of high cost and low measurement efficiency of the conventional measurement equipment.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the utility model provides a measuring device of cylindrical part straightness error and error azimuth that hangs down, includes operation panel, objective table, alignment block, sliding block, displacement sensor and data acquisition device.
The calibration block, the sliding block and the objective table are all cuboid.
The operation panel includes the mesa that has the roughness of high accuracy, objective table and sliding block are all arranged in on the mesa.
One side of objective table and one side looks butt of sliding block, the sliding block highly be higher than the objective table, with objective table looks butt the side of sliding block has the roughness of high accuracy, the upper surface of objective table, lower surface and all have the roughness of high accuracy with the side of sliding block looks butt.
The calibration block is arranged on the upper surface of the objective table and is abutted against the side surface of the sliding block, the cylindrical part to be tested is arranged on the upper surface of the objective table and is abutted against the calibration block and the sliding block, and the side surface of the calibration block is abutted against the sliding block and the cylindrical part to be tested and has high-precision flatness.
The upper surface of sliding block is equipped with the fixed bolster, displacement sensor locates on the fixed bolster and with calibration block setting in opposite directions, displacement sensor with data acquisition device is connected.
Furthermore, the displacement sensors are two, and the two displacement sensors are arranged in parallel and opposite up and down.
Further, the displacement sensor includes, but is not limited to, an electrical micrometer and an eddy current sensor, and the two displacement sensors are of the same model.
Another objective of the present invention is to provide a method for measuring the perpendicularity error and the error azimuth angle of a cylindrical part, which is applied to the device for measuring the perpendicularity error and the error azimuth angle of the cylindrical part according to the above embodiment, and the method includes the following steps:
s1, placing a cylindrical part to be detected on an objective table and enabling the cylindrical part to be abutted with a calibration block and a sliding block;
s2, calibrating the displacement sensor by using a calibration block;
s3, continuously pushing the sliding block to the direction of the cylindrical part by the calibration block along the side surface of the objective table at a constant speed, and measuring a first bus of the cylindrical part;
s4, returning the sliding block to the initial position, and rotating the cylindrical part for 90 degrees clockwise;
s5, repeating the steps S2 and S3, and measuring a second bus of the cylindrical part;
s6, returning the sliding block to the initial position, turning the cylindrical part, rotating the cylindrical part clockwise by 180 degrees, repeating the steps S2 and S3, and measuring a second bus of the cylindrical part;
s7, returning the sliding block to the initial position, and rotating the cylindrical part for 90 degrees clockwise;
s8, repeating the steps S2 and S3, and measuring a first bus of the cylindrical part;
and S9, after the measurement is finished, the data acquisition device analyzes and processes the measurement data and outputs the perpendicularity error and the error azimuth angle of the cylindrical part.
Further, the error of the perpendicularity of the bottom end surface of the cylindrical part and the axis thereof is
The bottom end surface refers to the end surface of the cylindrical part which is in contact with the upper surface of the objective table.
An error azimuth angle measured with one end face of the cylindrical part as a bottom end face is
In the same way, an error azimuth angle measured with the other end face of the cylindrical part as the bottom end face can be obtained>
；
The error azimuth angle of two end faces of the cylindrical part is
。
Wherein, delta is the projection length of the axis of the cylindrical part on the bottom end surface;
l oa is the axial length of the cylindrical part;
r is the radius of the bottom end face;
The beneficial technical effects of the invention are as follows:
the measuring device provided by the invention has low cost, and the measuring precision can meet the requirement; moreover, the method is simple to operate, and can quickly measure the perpendicularity error of the end face of the cylindrical part and the axis of the cylindrical part and the error azimuth angles of the two end faces.
Drawings
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the measuring device of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the measurement method of the present invention, in which the origin o of the rectangular coordinate system of xyz space is the center of the circle of the bottom end surface of the cylindrical part, the positive direction of the x-axis is perpendicular to the first bus, and the positive direction of the y-axis is perpendicular to the second bus;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the positions of a first bus and a second bus measured by the present invention, in which the origin o of an xyz rectangular coordinate system is the center of the bottom end surface of the cylindrical part, the positive direction of the x-axis is perpendicular to the first bus, and the positive direction of the y-axis is perpendicular to the second bus;
FIG. 4 is a graph of measured data obtained by taking an end face as an example, wherein A, B, C and D represent the measurement conditions of the displacement sensor through four stages of a calibration block, a suspension, a cylindrical part and a suspension respectively;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the perpendicularity error structure of one end face of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Example 1
As shown in FIG. 1, the measuring device for the perpendicularity error and the error azimuth angle of a cylindrical part comprises an operating platform (not shown), an object stage 1, a calibration block 2, a sliding block 3, a displacement sensor 5 and a data acquisition device 4. The calibration block 2, the sliding block 3 and the objective table 1 are all rectangular.
The operation panel includes the granite mesa, the mesa has the roughness of high accuracy, objective table 1 and sliding block 3 are all arranged in on the mesa.
In some preferred embodiments, the upper surface, the lower surface, and the right side surface of the stage 1 each have high-precision flatness, the right side surface and the front side surface of the alignment block 2 each have high-precision flatness, and the left side surface of the slide block 3 has high-precision flatness.
The right flank of objective table 1 and the left flank looks butt of sliding block 3, sliding block 3 highly is higher than objective table 1. The calibration block 2 is arranged on the upper surface of the objective table 1, the right side surface of the calibration block 2 is abutted to the left side surface of the sliding block 3, and the cylindrical part 6 to be measured is arranged on the upper surface of the objective table 1 and is abutted to the front side surface of the calibration block 2 and the left side surface of the sliding block 3 respectively. Because the height of sliding block 3 is higher than objective table 1 to conveniently realize the location to alignment block 2 and cylindrical part 6, make the generating line that awaits measuring of the right flank of alignment block 2 and cylindrical part 6 be in the coplanar.
The upper surface of sliding block 3 is equipped with fixed bolster 7, displacement sensor 5 is located on the fixed bolster 7 and with calibration block 2 setting in opposite directions, displacement sensor 5 with data acquisition device 4 is connected.
In some preferred embodiments, there are two displacement sensors 5, and the two displacement sensors 5 are disposed in parallel and opposite to each other. The displacement sensor 5 includes but is not limited to an electrical micrometer and an eddy current sensor, and specifically, different types of displacement sensors 5 can be selected according to the precision requirement of the cylindrical part 6 to be measured. The two displacement sensors 5 are of the same type.
Example 2
A method for measuring the perpendicularity error and the error azimuth angle of a cylindrical part is applied to a measuring device for the perpendicularity error and the error azimuth angle of the cylindrical part in embodiment 1, and comprises the following steps:
s1, placing a cylindrical part 6 to be measured on an object stage 1, and enabling the cylindrical part 6 to be abutted with a calibration block 2 and a sliding block 3.
And S2, calibrating the displacement sensor 5 by using the calibration block 2.
And S3, as shown in FIG. 2, continuously and uniformly pushing the sliding block 3 to the cylindrical part 6 by the calibration block 2 along the right side surface of the object stage 1, and measuring the first bus 8 of the cylindrical part 6.
And S4, returning the sliding block 3 to the initial position, and rotating the cylindrical part 6 by 90 degrees clockwise.
S5, repeating the steps S2 and S3, and measuring a second bus 9 of the cylindrical part 6. The position of the first busbar 8 and the second busbar 9 is schematically shown in fig. 3.
S6, the sliding block 3 returns to the initial position, the cylindrical part 6 is turned over and then rotated by 180 degrees clockwise, the steps S2 and S3 are repeated, and the second bus 9 of the cylindrical part 6 is measured.
S7, the slide block 3 returns to the initial position, and the cylindrical part 6 is rotated clockwise by 90 °.
S8, repeating the steps S2 and S3, and measuring the first bus bar 8 of the cylindrical part 6.
And S9, after the measurement is finished, the data acquisition device 4 analyzes and processes the measurement data and outputs the perpendicularity error and the error azimuth angle of the cylindrical part 6.
The data analysis processing method of the present invention will be described below by taking two displacement sensors 5 as an example.
As shown in FIG. 4, the two displacement sensors 5 are respectively suspended through the A-calibration block 2, the B-suspension, the C-cylindrical part 6 and the D-suspension in the pushing process. The data measured by the two displacement sensors 5 are not overlapped because the two displacement sensors 5 have inclination deviation and length deviation extending out in an initial state when being installed, and the deviation can be eliminated by subtracting the initial value difference from the peak value difference of the upper and lower curves when the data are processed. The peak difference values of the two displacement sensors 5 when measuring the position of the first busbar 8 and the second busbar 9, respectively, are derived as follows:
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the perpendicularity error structure of one end face of the present invention. As shown in fig. 2 and 5, the projected length of the axis oa of the cylindrical part 6 in the xoy plane is derived as follows:
wherein l oa Is the axial length of the cylindrical part 6; l m Is the distance between the heads of the two displacement sensors 5.
From the geometrical relationships in the schematic, it can be deduced that:
the error in the perpendicularity of the bottom end face 10 of the cylindrical part 6 to the axis oa thereof is
Wherein R is the radius of the bottom end surface 10, said bottom end surface 10 being the end surface of the cylindrical part 6 in contact with the upper surface of the stage 1;
the error azimuth angle measured with one end face of the cylindrical part 6 as the bottom end face 10 is
。
Similarly, the first bus 8 and the second bus 9 of the cylindrical part 6 after the turnover are measured, and the verticality error and the error azimuth angle of the cylindrical part 6 with the end face after the turnover as the bottom end face 10 are calculated
。
The error azimuth angle of the two end faces of the cylindrical part 6 is
。
The device and the method for measuring the perpendicularity error and the error azimuth angle of the cylindrical part 6 provided by the invention have the advantages that the measurement cost is reduced, the measurement precision is improved, the direct measurement of the perpendicularity error of the cylindrical part 6 is realized, and the operation is simple and convenient.
It is to be understood that the above description is not intended to limit the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above examples, and those skilled in the art may make modifications, alterations, additions or substitutions within the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A measuring device for perpendicularity errors and error azimuth angles of cylindrical parts is characterized by comprising an operation table, an object stage, a calibration block, a sliding block, a displacement sensor and a data acquisition device;
the calibration block, the sliding block and the objective table are all cuboid;
the operating platform comprises a table top, the table top has high-precision flatness, and the object stage and the sliding block are arranged on the table top;
one side surface of the object stage is abutted with one side surface of the sliding block, the height of the sliding block is higher than that of the object stage, and the side surface of the sliding block abutted with the object stage, the upper surface and the lower surface of the object stage and the side surface abutted with the sliding block have high-precision flatness;
the calibration block is arranged on the upper surface of the object stage and is abutted against the side surface of the sliding block, the cylindrical part to be detected is arranged on the upper surface of the object stage and is abutted against the calibration block and the sliding block, and the side surfaces of the calibration block which are abutted against the sliding block and the cylindrical part to be detected have high-precision flatness;
the upper surface of sliding block is equipped with the fixed bolster, displacement sensor locates on the fixed bolster and with calibration block setting in opposite directions, displacement sensor with data acquisition device is connected.
2. The apparatus for measuring the verticality error and the azimuth angle of error of a cylindrical part according to claim 1, wherein there are two displacement sensors, and the two displacement sensors are arranged in parallel and opposite up and down.
3. The apparatus for measuring verticality error and azimuth angle of error of cylindrical parts according to claim 2, wherein said displacement sensors include, but are not limited to, an electrical micrometer and an eddy current sensor, and the two displacement sensors are of the same type.
4. A method for measuring perpendicularity error and error azimuth angle of a cylindrical part, which is applied to the device for measuring perpendicularity error and error azimuth angle of a cylindrical part in claim 2 or claim 3, and comprises the following steps:
s1, placing a cylindrical part to be measured on an objective table and enabling the cylindrical part to be abutted with a calibration block and a sliding block;
s2, calibrating the displacement sensor by using a calibration block;
s3, continuously pushing the sliding block to the direction of the cylindrical part by the calibration block along the side surface of the objective table at a constant speed, and measuring a first bus of the cylindrical part;
s4, returning the sliding block to the initial position, and rotating the cylindrical part for 90 degrees clockwise;
s5, repeating the steps S2 and S3, and measuring a second bus of the cylindrical part;
s6, returning the sliding block to the initial position, turning the cylindrical part, clockwise rotating the cylindrical part by 180 degrees, repeating the steps S2 and S3, and measuring a second bus of the cylindrical part;
s7, returning the sliding block to the initial position, and rotating the cylindrical part for 90 degrees clockwise;
s8, repeating the steps S2 and S3, and measuring a first bus of the cylindrical part;
and S9, after the measurement is finished, the data acquisition device analyzes and processes the measurement data and outputs the verticality error and the error azimuth angle of the cylindrical part.
5. Method for measuring the perpendicularity error and the error azimuth angle of a cylindrical part according to claim 4,
the verticality error between the bottom end surface of the cylindrical part and the axis thereof
The bottom end surface refers to the end surface of a cylindrical part which is in contact with the upper surface of the objective table; />
Error azimuth measured by using one end face of cylindrical part as bottom end face
Similarly, the error azimuth angle measured by taking the other end face of the cylindrical part as the bottom end face can be obtained>
；
Error azimuth angle of two end faces of the cylindrical part
；
Wherein, delta is the projection length of the axis of the cylindrical part on the bottom end surface;
l oa is the axial length of the cylindrical part;
r is the radius of the bottom end face;
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Cited By (2)
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| CN116399284A (en) * | 2023-06-08 | 2023-07-07 | 山东科技大学 | Device and method for measuring perpendicularity error and error direction angle of surface of part with hole |
| CN116448046A (en) * | 2023-06-16 | 2023-07-18 | 山东科技大学 | Device and method for measuring perpendicularity error of end face of cylindrical part |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116399284A (en) * | 2023-06-08 | 2023-07-07 | 山东科技大学 | Device and method for measuring perpendicularity error and error direction angle of surface of part with hole |
| CN116399284B (en) * | 2023-06-08 | 2023-08-22 | 山东科技大学 | Device and method for measuring perpendicularity error and error direction angle of surface of part with hole |
| CN116448046A (en) * | 2023-06-16 | 2023-07-18 | 山东科技大学 | Device and method for measuring perpendicularity error of end face of cylindrical part |
| CN116448046B (en) * | 2023-06-16 | 2023-09-22 | 山东科技大学 | Device and method for measuring perpendicularity error of end face of cylindrical part |
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