CN115976734A - Rapid moisture-transfer sweat-discharging fiber material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Rapid moisture-transfer sweat-discharging fiber material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fiber material capable of rapidly conducting moisture and releasing sweat and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of textiles. The invention takes an electrostatic spinning polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanofiber membrane as a base material, and the base material is crosslinked with formaldehyde in a gas phase under an acidic condition to obtain a hydrophilic polyvinyl formal PVF nanofiber membrane; the reaction liquid is naturally infiltrated in the hydrophilic PVF nanofiber membrane under the action of gravity and surface tension and has an acetal reaction with polyvinyl alcohol to prepare the rapid unidirectional moisture-conducting and sweat-releasing PVF nanofiber material with stepless wettability gradient in the thickness direction. The stepless wettability gradient-driven unidirectional moisture-conducting nanofiber material obtained by the method effectively solves the problem of water solubility of the PVA nanofiber membrane; the acetal degree of the material is controlled in the thickness direction of the film, so that the unidirectional moisture-conducting PVF nanofiber material with stepless wettability gradient in the thickness direction is obtained, the unidirectional moisture-conducting performance is improved, and the rapid moisture absorption and sweat releasing during movement are realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a fiber material capable of rapidly conducting moisture and releasing sweat and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of textiles.
Background
With the development of times and the improvement of living conditions of people, the requirements of people on the clothes are not only satisfied with the functions of keeping warm, shielding body, beautifying and the like, but also the clothes are required to have more additional functions, such as antibiosis, deodorization, ultraviolet resistance, water and oil repellency, medical health care and the like. The comfort of the fabric in the process of sports is an important consideration for consumers, and due to the increase of market demand, the defects of the existing sports fabric are gradually highlighted, and a new generation of hot-wet comfortable sports fabric needs to be developed urgently.
When a human body moves, sweat is secreted through sweat glands of the skin to evaporate so as to quickly dissipate heat, but the clothes often cannot effectively discharge the sweat out of the human body, so that the wet and sticky feeling is caused. Aiming at the problems of moisture absorption and sweat releasing in the process of sports, people develop sports fabrics with the functions of moisture absorption, sweat releasing, evaporation, heat dissipation and the like through a large amount of research, and effectively solve the problem of heat, humidity and comfort in the process of sports. However, the problems of low perspiration rate and high perspiration retention still remain, and once the absorbent layer reaches saturation, the moisture wicking rate will be greatly reduced.
The unidirectional moisture-conducting fabric utilizes the pores between material layers and the wettability difference to construct the moisture absorption difference between the inner layer and the outer layer, so that the sweat is transmitted from the skin side to the outer side of the fabric, and the skin is ensured to be dry. However, due to the water-repelling effect of the hydrophobic layer, sweat needs to break through the hydrophobic barrier to reach the hydrophilic layer, thereby affecting the sweat transport rate. Therefore, the multilayer material with wettability gradient has faster moisture transmission rate than Janus wettability material, however, the multilayer material still has interlayer stepped wettability difference, sweat transmission is limited to a certain extent, and in addition, the multilayer material is complex in process, and the wearing comfort is affected by the increased thickness.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a stepless wettability gradient-driven rapid moisture absorption and sweat releasing fiber material and a preparation method thereof, wherein a fabric uses an electrostatic spinning polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanofiber membrane as a base material, and the water solubility problem of the PVA nanofiber membrane is solved by gas phase crosslinking with formaldehyde under an acidic condition to obtain a hydrophilic polyvinyl formal PVF nanofiber membrane; the reaction liquid is naturally infiltrated in the hydrophilic PVF nanofiber membrane under the action of gravity and surface tension and reacts with polyvinyl alcohol to generate acetal reaction, and the unidirectional moisture-conducting PVF nanofiber material with stepless wettability gradient in the thickness direction is prepared by controlling the coating thickness, the viscosity of the reaction liquid, the reaction temperature and the reaction time, so that the rapid moisture absorption and sweat releasing are realized.
The fiber material with the stepless wettability gradient has stronger sweat driving force, reduces the hydrophobic requirement on the skin side of the material, can realize faster sweat transmission, reduces sweat retention, and can avoid the problem of reducing the transmission rate due to the saturation of the absorption layer.
Polyvinyl alcohol has abundant polar hydroxyl groups, and a polyvinyl alcohol nanofiber membrane prepared by electrospinning has excellent hydrophilicity, but the water solubility of the polyvinyl alcohol nanofiber membrane limits the practical application of the polyvinyl alcohol nanofiber membrane. The polyvinyl alcohol is partially acetalized by formaldehyde under an acidic condition to obtain polyvinyl formal with different acetalization degrees, and the higher the acetalization degree is, the poorer the hydrophilicity is, so that a feasible basis is provided for regulating and controlling the wettability of the material.
The invention provides a preparation method of a stepless wettability gradient-driven one-way moisture-conducting PVF nanofiber material, which comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: preparing a PVA nanofiber membrane:
dispersing polyvinyl alcohol in deionized water, and heating and dissolving to obtain a polyvinyl alcohol spinning solution; preparing a PVA nanofiber membrane from the polyvinyl alcohol spinning solution through electrostatic spinning and drying;
the second step is that: preparing a gas-phase cross-linked hydrophilic PVF nanofiber membrane:
suspending the PVA nanofiber membrane prepared in the first step in a container, suspending allochroic silica gel at the lower end of the PVA nanofiber membrane, injecting a formaldehyde solution and hydrochloric acid into the bottom of the container, sealing the container, placing the container in an oven for gas phase crosslinking, placing the crosslinked nanofiber membrane in deionized water for soaking and washing after the completion of the gas phase crosslinking, removing residual formaldehyde and hydrochloric acid, and drying to prepare a hydrophilic polyvinyl formal nanofiber membrane, namely a hydrophilic PVF nanofiber membrane for short;
the third step: preparation of acetal reaction coating:
mixing a thickening agent with a formaldehyde solution, sealing, stirring uniformly, carrying out ultrasonic treatment, and standing to obtain an acetal reaction coating;
the fourth step: preparing a stepless wettability gradient-driven one-way moisture-conducting PVF nanofiber membrane:
placing the hydrophilic PVF nanofiber membrane prepared in the second step on an aluminum foil, and uniformly coating the reaction coating prepared in the third step on the hydrophilic PVF nanofiber membrane; and then placing the coated hydrophilic PVF nanofiber membrane in a container, dropwise adding a hydrochloric acid solution at the edge of the container, sealing the container, placing the container in an oven for reaction, placing the reacted nanofiber membrane in deionized water for soaking and washing, removing residual formaldehyde and hydrochloric acid, and drying to obtain the stepless wettability gradient-driven one-way moisture-conducting PVF nanofiber material.
In one embodiment of the present invention, a method for preparing a stepless wettability gradient-driven unidirectional moisture-conducting PVF nanofiber material specifically includes the following steps:
the first step is as follows: preparing a PVA nanofiber membrane:
pouring polyvinyl alcohol powder into a blue-cover bottle filled with deionized water, placing the blue-cover bottle in an oil bath kettle, heating and stirring at 90 ℃ until the blue-cover bottle is dissolved, standing the obtained solution for a period of time to remove bubbles to obtain a polyvinyl alcohol spinning solution, and performing electrostatic spinning and drying on the spinning solution to prepare a polyvinyl alcohol nanofiber membrane, namely a PVA nanofiber membrane;
the second step is that: preparing a gas-phase cross-linked hydrophilic PVF nanofiber membrane:
suspending the PVA nanofiber membrane prepared in the first step in a beaker, suspending a proper amount of allochroic silica gel at the lower end of the PVA nanofiber membrane, injecting a formaldehyde solution and hydrochloric acid into the bottom of the beaker, sealing the beaker, placing the beaker in an oven for gas phase crosslinking, then placing the crosslinked nanofiber membrane in deionized water for soaking and washing to remove residual formaldehyde and hydrochloric acid, and drying to prepare a hydrophilic polyvinyl formal nanofiber membrane, namely a hydrophilic PVF nanofiber membrane;
the third step: preparation of acetal reaction coating:
weighing a thickening agent, adding the thickening agent into a beaker, adding a formaldehyde solution, sealing and stirring the mixture evenly, and standing the mixture for a period of time after ultrasonic treatment to prepare an acetal reaction coating;
the fourth step: preparing a stepless wettability gradient-driven one-way moisture-conducting PVF nanofiber membrane:
placing the hydrophilic PVF nanofiber membrane prepared in the second step on an aluminum foil, coating a small amount of reaction coating prepared in the third step on the fiber membrane, and uniformly coating the reaction coating on the PVF nanofiber membrane by using a scraper to prepare the PVF nanofiber membrane with reaction coatings of different thicknesses; and then placing the fiber membrane in the center of a culture dish, dropwise adding a small amount of hydrochloric acid solution at the edge of the culture dish, sealing the culture dish, placing the culture dish in an oven for reaction, placing the crosslinked nanofiber membrane in deionized water for soaking and washing, removing residual formaldehyde and hydrochloric acid, and drying to obtain the stepless wettability gradient-driven one-way moisture-conducting PVF nanofiber material.
Further, in the first step, the concentration of the polyvinyl alcohol spinning solution is 10 to 14wt%.
Further, in the first step, the voltage of the electrostatic spinning is 15-20kV, the receiving distance is 12-18cm, and the injection speed is 0.4-1mL/h.
Furthermore, in the second step, the thickness of the PVA nanofiber membrane is 0.2-1.6mm, the average pore diameter of the fiber membrane is 0.1-1.2 μm, and the average diameter of the fiber is 60nm-4 μm.
Further, in the second step, the concentration of the formaldehyde solution is 37wt%.
Further, in the second step, the concentration of the hydrochloric acid solution (HCl) is 38wt%.
Further, in the second step, the volume ratio of the formaldehyde solution to the hydrochloric acid solution is 4-5.
Furthermore, in the second step, the dosage of the formaldehyde solution relative to the PVA nano-fiber membrane is (10-20) mL/(40-50) cm 2 。
Furthermore, in the second step, the dosage of the allochroic silicagel relative to the PVA nano fiber membrane is (8-15) g/(40-50) cm 2 。
Further, in the second step, the PVA nanofiber membrane is cut into a size of 7 multiplied by 7cm, the addition amount of the used formaldehyde solution is 10-20mL, and the addition amount of the hydrochloric acid solution is 2-5mL.
Furthermore, in the second step, the reaction temperature is 25-35 ℃ and the reaction time is 3-12h.
Furthermore, in the second step, the soaking time of the deionized water is preferably 2-5h, and the washing times are 2-4 times. The drying temperature is preferably 60 ℃, and the drying time is preferably 6-12h.
In the third step, the thickener is one or more of polyethylene oxide, polyvinylpyrrolidone and other thickeners.
Further, in the third step, the thickener accounts for 10-20% of the mass fraction of the acetal reaction coating.
Furthermore, in the third step, the stirring time is preferably 3-6h, the ultrasonic time is preferably 30-60min, and the standing time is preferably 1-2h.
Further, in the fourth step, the coating thickness of the reaction coating is 0.2-2mm; further 0.3-1.0mm; more preferably 0.6-1mm.
Further, in the fourth step, the concentration of the hydrochloric acid solution is 38wt%.
Further, in the fourth step, the amount of the hydrochloric acid solution to be used is 2 to 4mL/10g relative to the acetalization reaction coating.
Further, in the fourth step, the reaction temperature is 30-50 ℃ and the reaction time is 1-8h.
Furthermore, in the fourth step, the soaking time of the deionized water is preferably 2 to 5 hours, and the washing times are 2 to 4 times. The drying temperature is preferably 60 ℃, and the drying time is preferably 6-12h.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide the stepless wettability gradient-driven unidirectional moisture-conducting PVF nanofiber material prepared by the preparation method.
A third object of the present invention is to provide a fabric product comprising the above-mentioned stepless wettability gradient driven unidirectional moisture conducting PVF nanofiber material.
The fourth purpose of the invention is to provide the application of the above-mentioned stepless wettability gradient driven one-way moisture-conducting PVF nanofiber material in the technical field of textiles.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) In the preparation of the stepless wettability gradient-driven rapid moisture absorption and sweat releasing fiber material, the polyvinyl alcohol nanofiber membrane is prepared by an electrostatic spinning method, the method is simple, and the parameters of the thickness, the porosity, the diameter and the like of the fiber membrane can be effectively regulated and controlled by a spinning process so as to adapt to different manufacturing processes and use environment requirements; and the formaldehyde is utilized to carry out gas phase crosslinking on the PVA nanofiber membrane, so that the problem of water solubility of the PVA nanofiber membrane is effectively solved, and the practical application of the PVA nanofiber membrane is improved.
(2) According to the invention, a certain amount of thickened formaldehyde reaction liquid is uniformly coated on the hydrophilic PVF nanofiber membrane, the reaction liquid naturally infiltrates into the hydrophilic PVF nanofiber membrane under the action of gravity and surface tension and reacts with polyvinyl alcohol to generate acetal, and the unidirectional moisture-conducting PVF nanofiber material with stepless wettability gradient in the thickness direction is prepared by controlling the coating thickness, the viscosity of the reaction liquid, the reaction temperature and the reaction time, so that the unidirectional water delivery rate of the fabric can be effectively increased, and the sweat retention is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the wettability of each layer of the stepless wettability gradient driven fast moisture absorption and sweat releasing fiber material prepared in example 1.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described below with reference to examples, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
Example 1:
the first step is as follows: preparing a PVA nanofiber membrane:
pouring 4.2g of polyvinyl alcohol powder into a blue-covered bottle filled with 25.8g of deionized water, placing the blue-covered bottle in an oil bath pan, heating and stirring at 90 ℃ until the blue-covered bottle is dissolved, standing the obtained solution for 4h to remove bubbles to obtain a polyvinyl alcohol spinning solution with the mass fraction of 14%, and performing electrostatic spinning and drying at 60 ℃ for 12h to prepare the PVA nanofiber membrane with the membrane thickness of 1.2mm. The spinning process parameters are as follows: the spinning voltage is 18kV, the injection rate is 0.6mL/h, and the spinning distance is 15cm.
The second step: preparing a gas-phase cross-linked hydrophilic PVF nanofiber membrane:
cutting the PVA nanofiber membrane prepared in the first step into a size of 7 x 7cm, hanging the PVA nanofiber membrane in a beaker, hanging 10g of allochroic silica gel at the lower end of the PVA nanofiber membrane, then injecting 10mL of 37% formaldehyde solution and 2mL of 38% hydrochloric acid solution into the bottom of the beaker, sealing the beaker, placing the beaker in an oven at 30 ℃ for gas phase crosslinking for 4 hours, then placing the crosslinked nanofiber membrane in deionized water for soaking for 3 hours and washing for 3 times, removing residual formaldehyde and hydrochloric acid, and drying for 12 hours at 60 ℃ to prepare the hydrophilic PVF nanofiber membrane;
the third step: preparation of acetal reaction coating:
weighing 1g of polyethylene oxide, adding the polyethylene oxide into a beaker, adding 9g of 37% formaldehyde solution, sealing and stirring for 6 hours until the mixture is uniform, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 60 minutes, and standing for 2 hours to prepare an acetal reaction coating (the mass fraction of the polyethylene oxide in the acetal reaction coating is 10%);
the fourth step: preparing a stepless wettability gradient-driven one-way moisture-conducting PVF nanofiber membrane:
and (3) placing the hydrophilic PVF nanofiber membrane on an aluminum foil, and uniformly coating the acetal reaction solution on the fiber membrane by using a scraper, wherein the thickness of the reaction coating is 0.6mm. And placing the coated PVF fiber membrane in the center of a culture dish, dropwise adding 2mL of hydrochloric acid solution at the edge of the culture dish, sealing the culture dish, placing the culture dish in an oven at 40 ℃ for reaction for 3h, placing the reacted nanofiber membrane in deionized water for soaking for 6h and washing for 3 times, removing residual formaldehyde and hydrochloric acid, and drying at 60 ℃ for 12h to obtain the stepless wettability gradient-driven one-way moisture-conducting PVF nanofiber material.
Example 2
The first step is as follows: preparing a PVA nanofiber membrane:
pouring 4.2g of polyvinyl alcohol powder into a blue-cap bottle filled with 25.8g of deionized water, placing the blue-cap bottle in an oil bath pan, heating and stirring at 90 ℃ until the polyvinyl alcohol powder is dissolved, standing the obtained solution for 4h to remove bubbles to obtain a polyvinyl alcohol spinning solution with the mass fraction of 14%, and performing electrostatic spinning and drying at 60 ℃ for 12h to prepare the PVA nano-fiber membrane with the membrane thickness of 1.2mm. The spinning process parameters are as follows: spinning voltage is 18kV, injection rate is 0.6mL/h, and spinning distance is 15cm.
The second step is that: preparing a gas-phase cross-linked hydrophilic PVF nanofiber membrane:
cutting the PVA nanofiber membrane prepared in the first step into a size of 7 x 7cm, hanging the PVA nanofiber membrane in a beaker, hanging 10g of allochroic silica gel at the lower end of the PVA nanofiber membrane, then injecting 10mL of 37% formaldehyde solution and 2mL of 38% hydrochloric acid solution into the bottom of the beaker, sealing the beaker, placing the beaker in an oven at 30 ℃ for gas phase crosslinking for 4 hours, then placing the crosslinked nanofiber membrane in deionized water for soaking for 3 hours and washing for 3 times, removing residual formaldehyde and hydrochloric acid, and drying for 12 hours at 60 ℃ to prepare the hydrophilic PVF nanofiber membrane;
the third step: preparation of acetal reaction coating:
weighing 2g of polyethylene oxide, adding into a beaker, adding 8g of 37% formaldehyde solution, sealing and stirring for 6h until the mixture is uniform, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 60min, and standing for 2h to prepare an acetal reaction coating (the mass fraction of the polyethylene oxide in the acetal reaction coating is 20%);
the fourth step: preparing a stepless wettability gradient-driven one-way moisture-conducting PVF nanofiber membrane:
and (3) placing the hydrophilic PVF nanofiber membrane on an aluminum foil, and uniformly coating the acetal reaction liquid on the fiber membrane by using a scraper, wherein the thickness of the reaction coating is 1mm. And placing the coated PVF fiber membrane in the center of a culture dish, dropwise adding 2mL of hydrochloric acid solution at the edge of the culture dish, sealing the culture dish, placing the culture dish in an oven at 40 ℃ for reaction for 5 hours, placing the reacted nanofiber membrane in deionized water for soaking for 6 hours, washing for 3 times, removing residual formaldehyde and hydrochloric acid, and drying at 60 ℃ for 12 hours to obtain the stepless wettability gradient-driven one-way moisture-conducting PVF nanofiber material.
Example 3
The first step is as follows: preparing a PVA nanofiber membrane:
pouring 4.2g of polyvinyl alcohol powder into a blue-covered bottle filled with 25.8g of deionized water, placing the blue-covered bottle in an oil bath pan, heating and stirring at 90 ℃ until the blue-covered bottle is dissolved, standing the obtained solution for 4h to remove bubbles to obtain a polyvinyl alcohol spinning solution with the mass fraction of 14%, and performing electrostatic spinning and drying at 60 ℃ for 12h to prepare the PVA nanofiber membrane with the membrane thickness of 1.2mm. The spinning process parameters are as follows: spinning voltage is 18kV, injection rate is 0.6mL/h, and spinning distance is 15cm.
The second step is that: preparing a gas-phase cross-linked hydrophilic PVF nanofiber membrane:
cutting the PVA nanofiber membrane prepared in the first step into a size of 7 multiplied by 7cm, hanging the PVA nanofiber membrane in a beaker, hanging 10g of allochroic silica gel at the lower end of the PVA nanofiber membrane, then injecting 10mL of 37% formaldehyde solution and 2mL of 38% hydrochloric acid solution into the bottom of the beaker, sealing the beaker, placing the beaker in a 30 ℃ drying oven for gas phase crosslinking for 4 hours, then placing the crosslinked nanofiber membrane in deionized water for soaking for 3 hours and washing for 3 times, removing residual formaldehyde and hydrochloric acid, and drying for 12 hours at 60 ℃ to prepare the hydrophilic PVF nanofiber membrane;
the third step: preparation of acetal reaction coating:
weighing 2g of polyethylene oxide, adding into a beaker, adding 8g of 37% formaldehyde solution, sealing and stirring for 6h until the mixture is uniform, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 60min, and standing for 2h to prepare an acetal reaction coating (the mass fraction of the polyethylene oxide in the acetal reaction coating is 20%);
the fourth step: preparing a stepless wettability gradient-driven one-way moisture-conducting PVF nanofiber membrane:
and (3) placing the hydrophilic PVF nanofiber membrane on an aluminum foil, and uniformly coating the acetal reaction liquid on the fiber membrane by using a scraper, wherein the thickness of the reaction coating is 0.6mm. And placing the coated PVF fiber membrane in the center of a culture dish, dropwise adding 2mL of hydrochloric acid solution at the edge of the culture dish, sealing the culture dish, placing the culture dish in an oven at 40 ℃ for reaction for 3h, placing the reacted nanofiber membrane in deionized water for soaking for 6h and washing for 3 times, removing residual formaldehyde and hydrochloric acid, and drying at 60 ℃ for 12h to obtain the stepless wettability gradient-driven one-way moisture-conducting PVF nanofiber material.
Comparative example 1
The commercial pure cotton sportswear fabric is directly adopted.
Comparative example 2
The commercial terylene moisture absorption quick-drying fabric is directly adopted.
Comparative example 3
Janus PVF composite fiber materials with different wettabilities of the inner layer and the outer layer:
the first step is as follows: preparation of PVA nanofiber membrane, same as example 1;
the second step is that: preparing a gas-phase cross-linked hydrophilic PVF nanofiber membrane and a hydrophobic PVF nanofiber membrane:
respectively suspending the PVA nanofiber membranes prepared in the first step in beakers, respectively suspending 10g of allochroic silica gel at the lower ends of the PVA nanofiber membranes, then injecting 10mL of 37% formaldehyde solution and 2mL of 38% hydrochloric acid solution into the bottoms of the beakers, sealing the beakers, placing the beakers in an oven with the temperature of 30 ℃ for gas phase crosslinking for 4 hours and 8 hours, then placing the crosslinked nanofiber membranes in deionized water for soaking for 3 hours and washing for 3 times, removing residual formaldehyde and hydrochloric acid, and drying for 12 hours at the temperature of 60 ℃ to prepare hydrophilic PVF nanofiber membranes and hydrophobic PVF nanofiber membranes;
the third step: preparing a Janus PVF composite fiber membrane with different inner and outer layer wettabilities:
and (3) carrying out hot pressing on the hydrophilic PVF nanofiber membrane and the hydrophobic PVF nanofiber membrane to prepare the Janus PVF composite fiber material, wherein the thickness of the membrane is 1.2mm.
The test method comprises the following steps:
the one-way moisture-conducting PVF nanofiber materials prepared in the examples 1, 2 and 3 and driven by the stepless wettability gradient are tested and compared with the pure cotton sportswear fabric in the comparative example 1, the commercial terylene moisture-absorbing and quick-drying fabric in the comparative example 2 and the Janus PVF composite fiber material in the comparative example 3, wherein the inner layer and the outer layer of the Janus PVF composite fiber material are different in wettability.
Surface water contact angle test: and (3) testing the contact angles of the bottom layer, the middle layer and the surface layer of the fiber membrane and the deionized water by adopting a contact angle tester, and testing three different positions of each fiber membrane layer, wherein the same volume of the deionized water is used for each test.
And (3) testing air permeability: the fibre membranes were tested for air permeability using an air permeability tester according to GB/T5453-1997.
Moisture permeability test: the fiber film is subjected to moisture permeability test by adopting a positive cup method according to GB/T12704.2-2009, and the test area is 28.3cm 2 The test temperature was 38. + -. 2 ℃.
And (3) testing the one-way moisture-conducting performance:
and (3) testing the moisture transmission performance of the fiber membrane according to a GB/T21655.2-2009 moisture management tester, dripping 0.15M sodium chloride aqueous solution into the inner layer (hydrophobic layer), and detecting the moisture transmission by using a sensor to obtain the liquid water one-way transmission index of the fiber membrane.
Fig. 1 shows that the wettability of each layer of the stepless wettability gradient driven unidirectional moisture-conducting PVF nanofiber material prepared in example 1 is different, the contact angle of the outermost layer fiber film is 44.1 °, and the outermost layer fiber film can be completely wetted in 2 seconds; the contact angle of the inner layer fiber membrane is 99.9 degrees, and the inner layer fiber membrane is completely wetted in 9 seconds.
Table 1 shows the performance test data of the fabrics prepared in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 3. As can be seen from Table 1: compared with comparative examples 1-2, the fabrics prepared in examples 1, 2, 3 have poorer air permeability, because the pores of cotton and polyester fabrics are larger than those of electrostatic spinning nano-fibers; in addition, the fabrics prepared in examples 1 to 3 had good air permeability compared to the Janus fabric of comparative example 3, because the Janus fabric was obtained by stacking two fiber films and hot-pressing, had a thick thickness, and a part of pores was blocked during hot-pressing, resulting in a decrease in air permeability. The liquid water unidirectional transmission indexes of the hydrophobic side and the hydrophilic side of the materials of the examples 1, 2 and 3 are 700-1000%, which are much higher than those of the polyester and cotton commercial fabrics and the Janus double-layer fiber membrane fabrics in the comparative examples 1-3. Can ensure the rapid moisture absorption and sweat releasing performance in the process of sports.
Table 1 performance test data of fabrics prepared in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 3
| Sample(s) | Air permeability (L/m) 2 /s) | Moisture permeability (kg m) -2 d -1 ) | Unidirectional Transmission index (%) |
| Example 1 | 8.01 | 4.85 | 762 |
| Example 2 | 3.58 | 2.89 | 839 |
| Example 3 | 5.79 | 3.21 | 983 |
| Comparative example 1 | 185.30 | 6.38 | 11 |
| Comparative example 2 | 436.82 | 14.87 | 43 |
| Comparative example 3 | 2.02 | 1.36 | 481 |
Example 4 investigation of the Effect of the thickness of the Acetal reaction coating
Referring to example 3, only the thickness of the reaction coating layer in the fourth step was changed, and other conditions were not changed, to obtain the corresponding PVF nanofiber material.
The resulting PVF nanofiber materials were tested for performance and the results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 Performance results of PVF nanofiber materials prepared at different reaction coating thicknesses
| Thickness of reaction coating (mm) | Air permeability (L/m) 2 /s) | Moisture permeability (kg m) -2 d -1 ) | Unidirectional Transmission index (%) |
| 0.3 | 8.20 | 5.08 | 707 |
| 0.6 (example 3) | 5.79 | 3.21 | 983 |
| 2 | 1.89 | 1.12 | 278 |
| 3 | 0.76 | 0.25 | 86 |
As can be seen from table 2, changing the thickness of the reaction coating affects the performance of the one-way moisture-conducting PVF fiber material, and when the thickness of the coating is 0.3, the coating does not completely penetrate into the outermost layer to participate in the reaction, so as to form a homogeneous region with a certain thickness and the same wettability, thereby reducing the one-way transmission of moisture; when the thickness is increased, the reaction liquid completely permeates and reaches saturation in a certain area inside the fiber membrane, and a homogeneous area is formed to reduce moisture transmission; in addition, with the increase of the acetal degree, certain degree of adhesion occurs among fibers, and the air permeability and moisture permeability of the fiber membrane are reduced. It is most suitable at a reaction coating thickness of 0.6mm.
Example 5 investigating the Effect of concentration of Acetal reaction coating thickeners
Referring to example 3, the mass fraction of polyethylene oxide in the acetal reaction coating was adjusted by changing only the ratio of polyethylene oxide to formaldehyde solution in the acetal reaction coating in the third step, and the others were unchanged to obtain the corresponding PVF nanofiber membrane.
The resulting PVF nanofiber materials were tested for performance and the results are shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 Performance results of PVF nanofiber materials prepared with different reactive coating thickener concentrations
As can be seen from Table 3, with the change of the quality of the polyethylene oxide, the viscosity of the reactive coating changes, and the permeation rate of the coating to the outer layer is different, which affects the performance of the one-way moisture-conducting PVF fiber material. When the content of the polyethylene oxide is low, such as 5% and 10%, the viscosity is too low, the concentration gradient of the reaction coating cannot be effectively formed, and the unidirectional moisture-conducting performance is poor; when the mass of the polyethylene oxide is high, for example, 40% or 80%, the viscosity is too high, the reaction coating cannot effectively infiltrate down to form most of homogeneous regions, and the one-way moisture permeability is poor. In addition, when the viscosity is too high, the fiber adhesion is severe, and the air permeability and moisture permeability are severely reduced. Therefore, the mass fraction of polyethylene oxide in the acetal reaction coating is preferably 20%.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood that various changes and modifications can be made therein by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of a stepless wettability gradient-driven one-way moisture-conducting PVF nanofiber material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the first step is as follows: preparing a PVA nanofiber membrane:
dispersing PVA in deionized water, and heating and dissolving to obtain PVA spinning solution; preparing PVA nano fiber membrane from PVA spinning solution through electrostatic spinning and drying;
the second step is that: preparing a gas-phase cross-linked hydrophilic PVF nanofiber membrane:
suspending the PVA nanofiber membrane prepared in the first step in a container, suspending allochroic silica gel at the lower end of the PVA nanofiber membrane, injecting a formaldehyde solution and hydrochloric acid into the bottom of the container, sealing the container, placing the container in an oven for gas phase crosslinking, placing the crosslinked nanofiber membrane in deionized water for soaking and washing after the completion of the gas phase crosslinking, removing residual formaldehyde and hydrochloric acid, and drying to prepare a hydrophilic polyvinyl formal nanofiber membrane, namely a hydrophilic PVF nanofiber membrane for short;
the third step: preparation of acetal reaction coating:
mixing the thickening agent with the formaldehyde solution, sealing, stirring, uniformly mixing, performing ultrasonic treatment, and standing to obtain an acetal reaction coating;
the fourth step: preparing a stepless wettability gradient-driven one-way moisture-conducting PVF nanofiber material:
placing the hydrophilic PVF nanofiber membrane prepared in the second step on an aluminum foil, and uniformly coating the acetal reaction coating prepared in the third step on the hydrophilic PVF nanofiber membrane; and then placing the coated hydrophilic PVF nanofiber membrane in a container, dropwise adding a hydrochloric acid solution at the edge of the container, sealing the container, placing the container in an oven for reaction, placing the reacted nanofiber membrane in deionized water for soaking and washing, removing residual formaldehyde and hydrochloric acid, and drying to obtain the stepless wettability gradient-driven one-way moisture-conducting PVF nanofiber material.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the concentration of the PVA dope in the first step is 10 to 14wt%.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the voltage of the electrospinning in the first step is 15 to 20kV, the reception distance is 12 to 18cm, and the injection speed is 0.4 to 1mL/h.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein in the second step, the PVA nanofiber membrane has a thickness of 0.2-1.6mm, an average pore diameter of 0.1-1.2 μm, and an average fiber diameter of 60nm-4 μm.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the thickener in the third step is one or a combination of polyethylene oxide and polyvinylpyrrolidone.
6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the thickener accounts for 10-20% by weight of the acetal reaction coating in the third step.
7. The method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the acetal reaction coating material in the fourth step is applied in a thickness of 0.2 to 2mm.
8. The stepless wettability gradient-driven one-way moisture-conducting PVF nanofiber material prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1-7.
9. A facestock product comprising the stepless wettability gradient driven unidirectional moisture conducting PVF nanofiber material of claim 8.
10. The application of the stepless wettability gradient driven unidirectional moisture-conducting PVF nanofiber material as claimed in claim 8 in the technical field of textiles.
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