CN115976388A - Hard alloy, tamping pick, wearing plate and manufacturing process thereof - Google Patents
Hard alloy, tamping pick, wearing plate and manufacturing process thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a hard alloy, a tamping pick, a wearing plate and a manufacturing process thereof, wherein the raw materials for preparing the hard alloy comprise: silicon dioxide, starch, ammonium metavanadate, titanium carbide, rare earth oxide, tungstic acid, ammonia water and deionized water; wherein the average grain diameter of the rare earth oxide and the titanium carbide is 200-500 nm; the average particle size of the silicon dioxide is 40-60 nm; tungsten element in tungstic acid by mass ratio: silicon element in silicon dioxide: rare earth oxide: ammonium metavanadate: starch: titanium carbide = (2.81-4.97): (1.05-2.10): (0.001-0.008): (0.74-1.51): (4.20-4.76): (0.50-0.94). Meanwhile, the invention also provides a manufacturing process of the hard alloy, and the hard alloy is used for preparing a tamping pick of a tamping car or a wear plate of a cleaning and screening car.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of tamping and wear resistance, in particular to a hard alloy, a tamping pick, a wear plate and a manufacturing process thereof.
Background
The ballast is broken stones with irregular sizes and shapes, and is arranged below the roadbed to disperse the bearing pressure of the road, improve the drainage capacity of the road and avoid the water erosion effect of accumulated water on the roadbed. Tamping is to promote the density of railway ballast, strengthens the bearing capacity of road bed. The tamping pickaxe and the wearing plate used by a large-scale road maintenance machinery tamping car and a cleaning car are made of integral wear-resistant steel in the early stage, such as 65Mn, 60Si2Mn, 40CrMo and the like, but all stone slag in working contact with the tamping pickaxe and the wearing plate are granite, so the tamping pickaxe and the wearing plate are quickly worn, the service life is short, and the tamping pickaxe and the wearing plate need to be frequently replaced.
In order to prolong the service life of the tamping pick and the wearing plate, designers make many attempts, and welding or embedding tungsten-cobalt hard alloy on the tamping pick and the wearing plate becomes the first choice of many designers, for example: the invention discloses a wear-resistant tamping pick disclosed by Chinese patent CN102418304A and a manufacturing method thereof, a fine-particle wear-resistant hard alloy for a railway tamping pick disclosed by Chinese patent CN102994854A, and an alloy composite body disclosed by CN105779843A for a railway line maintenance cleaning vehicle and the like. In order to improve the situation, common metal combinations such as iron and aluminum are used as a binding phase, but the thin carbonyl iron powder existing in the raw material of the proposal is easy to oxidize and form cavities, thereby influencing the performance of the alloy.
In order to solve the above problems, people are always seeking an ideal technical solution.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, thereby providing a hard alloy and a manufacturing process thereof, and further providing a tamping pick and a wear plate using the hard alloy.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a hard alloy is prepared from the following raw materials: silicon dioxide, starch, ammonium metavanadate, titanium carbide, rare earth oxide, tungstic acid, ammonia water and deionized water; wherein the average grain diameter of the rare earth oxide and the titanium carbide is 200-500 nm; the average particle size of the silicon dioxide is 40-60 nm; tungsten element in tungstic acid by mass ratio: silicon element in silicon dioxide: rare earth oxide: ammonium metavanadate: starch: titanium carbide = (2.81-4.97): (1.05-2.10): (0.001-0.008): (0.74-1.51): (4.20-4.76): (0.50-0.94).
The starch is one or combination of at least two of cereal starch, potato starch and bean starch; the weight average molecular weight of the starch is 7.2X 10 3 -1.4×10 4 。
The potato starch is one or two of tapioca starch and potato starch, and has weight average molecular weight of 1.2-1.4 x 10 4 (ii) a The cereal starch is one or two of corn starch and wheat starch, and has weight average molecular weight of 7.2-9.4 x 10 3 (ii) a The bean starch is one or more of mung bean starch, pea starch and brow starch, and has a weight average molecular weight of 9.4 × 10 3 -1.2×10 4 。
The rare earth oxide is a mixture of lanthanum oxide and ytterbium oxide, wherein the mass ratio of the lanthanum oxide to the ytterbium oxide is (1-2) to 1.
The manufacturing process of the hard alloy comprises the following steps:
(1) Respectively drying titanium carbide, rare earth oxide, starch and silicon dioxide, then mixing the titanium carbide, the rare earth oxide, the starch and the silicon dioxide, and performing ball milling for 25-100 h to obtain first mixed powder, mixing the first mixed powder with deionized water, stirring for 10-15 minutes at a stirring speed of 2000-3000r/min, continuously stirring and heating to 60-100 ℃, and performing heat preservation to obtain first mixed liquid;
(2) Dissolving ammonium metavanadate and tungstic acid in ammonia water to obtain a second mixed liquid, adding the first mixed liquid into the second mixed liquid at a stirring speed of 150-300 r/min, supplementing a proper amount of ammonia water or deionized water, adjusting the pH to 7.5-8.5, and then performing spray drying to obtain a second mixed powder;
(3) Placing the second mixed powder into a mold, and pressingMolding, wherein the porosity of the blank is 0.6-0.7; with H 2 Heating to 350-450 deg.C for 30-150 min at a heating rate of 0.5 deg.C/min as shielding gas; re-pressing to obtain the product with porosity of 0.5-0.6 and H 2 Heating to 1100-1200 deg.C at a heating rate of 1-2 deg.C/min for shielding gas, vacuumizing, and maintaining for 30-60 min; heating to 1600-1700 ℃ according to the heating rate of 1-2 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 60-120 min; and cooling to room temperature, and taking out to obtain the hard alloy.
In the step (1), the water content of the dried starch is 6 +/-0.2%, the purities of the titanium carbide, the rare earth oxide and the silicon dioxide are more than 96%, the mass ratio of balls to materials in the ball milling is (3-5): 1, and the ball milling rotating speed is 350-450 r/min.
In the step (1), the mass ratio of the first mixed powder to the deionized water is 1 (5-10).
In the step (3), the first-time forming pressure is 2-5 MPa, and the flow rate of the protective gas is 15-75 mL/min; the second molding pressure is 25-30 MPa.
The utility model provides a tamping pick of tamping car which characterized in that: the hard alloy is embedded.
The utility model provides a wear plate of sieve cleaning vehicle which characterized in that: the hard alloy is embedded.
The manufacturing process of the tamping pick of the tamping car or the abrasion plate of the cleaning car comprises the following steps:
(1) Firstly, milling a proper groove at a part of the tamping pick/abrasion plate needing to be embedded with alloy;
(2) Carrying out sand blasting treatment on the embedded surface of the hard alloy sheet, and then carrying out ultrasonic cleaning;
(3) Mixing silver powder, copper powder, alcohol, an antioxidant and a dispersing agent for inlaying according to a proportion, uniformly spraying the mixture on the inlaying surface of the hard alloy, spraying the mixture once or more times, and then drying the mixture;
(4) Placing the hard alloy sheet in the embedding groove of the tamping pick or the wearing plate, covering the porous graphite plate, and pressing;
(5) Placing the assembled hard alloy tamping pick/abrasion plate blank on a semi-sealed high-frequency heating bed with uniform transmission, slowly passing through the high-frequency heating bed, and keeping argon atmosphere in a semi-sealed cover;
(6) And (4) putting the heated hard alloy tamping pick/wearing plate into an insulation box to be cooled along with the furnace.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has outstanding substantive characteristics and remarkable progress, and particularly provides the hard alloy and the manufacturing process thereof. Specifically, the hard alloy is cobalt-free hard alloy, so that the dependence of the hard alloy on cobalt metal can be avoided, and simultaneously, binder phases such as iron and aluminum are not added, so that the defects of the binder phases such as iron and aluminum are overcome. In addition, tungstic acid, silicon dioxide and starch are adopted as main materials, the raw materials are cheap and easy to obtain, tungsten element in the tungstic acid forms tungsten carbide, silicon element in the silicon dioxide forms silicon carbide, ammonium metavanadate and titanium carbide are added, the crystal grain refinement in the sintering process is facilitated, rare earth oxide is added, the combination with impurity elements such as sulfur and oxygen is facilitated, the comprehensive performance of the hard alloy is improved, the HRA hardness of the hard alloy reaches 93, the fracture toughness reaches 3170 MPa, and the porosity reaches A02B00C00.
Simultaneously, the invention also provides a manufacturing process of the hard alloy, which comprises the steps of carrying out preliminary modification on titanium carbide, rare earth oxide, starch and silicon dioxide by ball milling, then mixing the modified powder with deionized water, increasing the cold water solubility of the starch after ball milling modification, being beneficial to more uniform mixing of the modified powder and the deionized water, and then heating to gelatinize the starch to obtain a first mixed liquid; in addition, dissolving ammonium metavanadate and tungstic acid in ammonia water to obtain a second mixed liquid, adding the first mixed liquid into the second mixed liquid, and then carrying out spray drying to obtain a second mixed powder, so that tungsten carbide, silicon carbide and the like in the hard alloy finished product are uniformly distributed; and adding vanadium and tungsten by dissolving ammonium metavanadate and tungstic acid in ammonia water, so that vanadium participates in the carbonization process of tungsten, and is favorable for inhibiting the growth of crystal grains, a small amount of ammonium groups exist in the second mixed powder, ammonia gas formed by decomposing the ammonium groups plays a role in promoting the thermal polycondensation of olefin fragments and is favorable for promoting the carbonization of starch, and finally, pressing and sintering steps are carried out, silicon carbide and tungsten carbide are formed by reduction and carbonization, and a hard alloy finished product is obtained.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the following embodiments. In the following examples and comparative examples, ball mills with refrigeration mechanisms were used to avoid ball milling process and material temperature rise.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a hard alloy, and raw materials adopted for preparing the hard alloy comprise: silicon dioxide, starch, ammonium metavanadate, titanium carbide, rare earth oxide, tungstic acid, ammonia water and deionized water; wherein the average grain diameter of the rare earth oxide is 273 nm, and the average grain diameter of the titanium carbide is 295 nm; the average particle size of the silica is 45 nm; tungsten element in tungstic acid by mass ratio: silicon element in silicon dioxide: rare earth oxide: ammonium metavanadate: starch: titanium carbide =4.86:2.03:0.005:0.79:4.58:0.62.
wherein the starch is tapioca starch, and the weight average molecular weight of tapioca starch is 1.25 × 10 4 . The rare earth oxide is a mixture of lanthanum oxide and ytterbium oxide, wherein the mass ratio of lanthanum oxide to ytterbium oxide is 1.2.
The manufacturing process of the hard alloy comprises the following steps:
(1) Respectively drying titanium carbide, rare earth oxide, starch and silicon dioxide, then mixing and ball-milling the titanium carbide, the rare earth oxide, the starch and the silicon dioxide to obtain 100h to obtain first mixed powder, mixing the first mixed powder with deionized water, stirring for 10-15 minutes at a stirring speed of 2000-3000r/min, continuously stirring and heating to 60-100 ℃, and preserving heat to obtain first mixed liquid; wherein, the water content of the dried starch is 6 plus or minus 0.2 percent, the purities of the titanium carbide, the rare earth oxide and the silicon dioxide are more than 96 percent, the mass ratio of the ball material in the ball milling is 3:1, and the ball milling rotating speed is 350-450 r/min; the mass ratio of the first mixed powder to the deionized water is 1:8;
（2）dissolving ammonium metavanadate and tungstic acid in ammonia water to obtain a second mixed liquid, adding the first mixed liquid into the second mixed liquid at a stirring speed of 150-300 r/min, supplementing a proper amount of ammonia water or deionized water, adjusting the pH value to be =8, and then performing spray drying to obtain a second mixed powder; the flow rate of the spray-dried material is 850 mL/h, the temperature of the hot air is 140-160 ℃, and the flow rate of the hot air is 7.5 m 3 /min。
(3) Placing the second mixed powder into a die, and performing compression molding, wherein the molding pressure is 5 MPa, and the porosity of the blank is 0.625; with H 2 The flow rate of the protective gas is 20 mL/min, the temperature is raised to 350-450 ℃ and kept for 120 min according to the temperature raising rate of 0.5 ℃/min (inert gas nitrogen or argon is introduced for a period of time before the temperature is raised, air is discharged, and then heating and hydrogen is introduced); pressing again, the molding pressure is 25 MPa, the porosity is 0.552, and H is used 2 Taking the protective gas as the protective gas, wherein the flow rate of the protective gas is 70 mL/min, heating to 1100-1200 ℃ according to the heating rate of 1 ℃/min, vacuumizing, and keeping the temperature for 60 min; heating to 1600-1700 ℃ according to the heating rate of 2 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 120 min; and cooling to room temperature, and taking out to obtain the hard alloy.
Comparative example 1
The embodiment provides a hard alloy, and raw materials adopted for preparing the hard alloy comprise: vanadium carbide, tungsten carbide, silicon carbide, titanium carbide, rare earth oxide, starch and ammonia water; wherein the average grain diameter of the rare earth oxide is 273 nm, and the average grain diameter of the titanium carbide is 295 nm; the average grain diameter of the vanadium carbide is 63 nm; the particle size of the tungsten carbide was 0.6 μm and the particle size of the silicon carbide was 357 nm.
The mass ratio of tungsten element in the carbide: silicon element in silicon carbide: rare earth oxide: vanadium carbide: starch: titanium carbide =4.86:2.03:0.005:0.43:4.58:0.62.
note: the amount of vanadium carbide, measured as vanadium element, was the same as that of ammonium metavanadate in example 1.
Wherein the starch is tapioca starch, and the weight average molecular weight of tapioca starch is 1.25 × 10 4 . The rare earth oxide is a mixture of lanthanum oxide and ytterbium oxide, wherein the mass ratio of the lanthanum oxide to the ytterbium oxideIs 1.2.
The manufacturing process of the hard alloy comprises the following steps:
(1) Respectively drying titanium carbide, rare earth oxide, starch and silicon carbide, then mixing and ball-milling the titanium carbide, the rare earth oxide, the starch and the silicon carbide to obtain 100h, mixing the first mixed powder with deionized water, stirring for 10-15 minutes at a stirring speed of 2000-3000r/min, continuously stirring and heating to 60-100 ℃, and preserving heat to obtain first mixed liquid; wherein, the water content of the dried starch is 6 plus or minus 0.2 percent, the purities of the titanium carbide, the rare earth oxide and the silicon dioxide are more than 96 percent, the mass ratio of the ball material in the ball milling is 3:1, and the ball milling rotating speed is 350-450 r/min; the mass ratio of the first mixed powder to the deionized water is 1:8;
(2) Dissolving vanadium carbide and tungsten carbide in ammonia water to obtain a second mixed liquid, adding the first mixed liquid into the second mixed liquid at a stirring speed of 150-300 r/min, supplementing a proper amount of ammonia water or deionized water, adjusting the pH value to be =8, and then performing spray drying to obtain a second mixed powder; the flow rate of the spray-dried material is 850 mL/h, the temperature of the hot air is 140-160 ℃, and the flow rate of the hot air is 7.5 m 3 /min。
(3) Putting the second mixed powder into a die, and pressing and molding the second mixed powder, wherein the molding pressure is 5 MPa, and the porosity of the green body is 0.620; with H 2 Heating to 350-450 deg.C at a flow rate of 20 mL/min as shielding gas at 0.5 deg.C/min, maintaining for 120 min (introducing nitrogen or argon as inert gas for a period of time before heating, exhausting air, heating, and introducing hydrogen); pressing again, the forming pressure is 25 MPa, the porosity is 0.549, and the content of H is 2 The flow rate of the protective gas is 70 mL/min for protective gas, the temperature is raised to 1100-1200 ℃ according to the temperature raising rate of 1 ℃/min, the vacuum pumping is carried out, and the temperature is maintained for 60 min; heating to 1600-1700 ℃ according to the heating rate of 2 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 120 min; and cooling to room temperature, and taking out to obtain the hard alloy.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a hard alloy, and raw materials adopted for preparing the hard alloy comprise: silicon dioxide, starch, ammonium metavanadate, titanium carbide, rare earth oxide, tungstic acid, ammonia water and deionized water; wherein the average grain diameter of the rare earth oxide is 298 nm, and the average grain diameter of the titanium carbide is 269 nm;
the average particle size of the silica is 47 nm; tungsten element in tungstic acid by mass ratio: silicon element in silicon dioxide: rare earth oxide: ammonium metavanadate: starch: titanium carbide =4.90:2.03:0.005:0.81:4.72:0.65.
wherein the starch is mixture of tapioca starch and corn starch, the mass ratio of tapioca starch to corn starch is 1:3, and the weight average molecular weight of tapioca starch is 1.25 × 10 4 The weight average molecular weight of the corn starch is 7.91 multiplied by 10 3 。
The rare earth oxide is a mixture of lanthanum oxide and ytterbium oxide, wherein the mass ratio of the lanthanum oxide to the ytterbium oxide is 1.4.
The manufacturing process of the hard alloy comprises the following steps:
(1) Respectively drying titanium carbide, rare earth oxide, starch and silicon dioxide, then mixing and ball-milling the titanium carbide, the rare earth oxide, the starch and the silicon dioxide to obtain 100h to obtain first mixed powder, mixing the first mixed powder with deionized water, stirring for 10-15 minutes at a stirring speed of 2000-3000r/min, continuously stirring and heating to 60-100 ℃, and preserving heat to obtain first mixed liquid; wherein, the water content of the dried starch is 6 plus or minus 0.2 percent, the purities of the titanium carbide, the rare earth oxide and the silicon dioxide are more than 96 percent, the mass ratio of the ball material in the ball milling is 4:1, and the ball milling rotating speed is 350-450 r/min; the mass ratio of the first mixed powder to the deionized water is 1:7;
(2) Dissolving ammonium metavanadate and tungstic acid in ammonia water to obtain a second mixed liquid, adding the first mixed liquid into the second mixed liquid at a stirring speed of 150-300 r/min, supplementing a proper amount of ammonia water or deionized water, adjusting the pH value to be =8, and then performing spray drying to obtain second mixed powder; the flow rate of the spray-dried material is 760 mL/h, the temperature of the hot air is 140-160 ℃, and the flow rate of the hot air is 7.2 m 3 /min。
(3) Putting the second mixed powder into a die, and performing compression molding, wherein the molding pressure is 5 MPa, and the porosity of the blank bodyIs 0.618; with H 2 The flow rate of the protective gas is 20 mL/min, the temperature is raised to 350-450 ℃ and kept for 120 min according to the temperature raising rate of 0.5 ℃/min (inert gas nitrogen or argon is introduced for a period of time before the temperature is raised, air is discharged, and then heating and hydrogen is introduced); pressing again, the molding pressure is 26 MPa, the porosity is 0.562, and the content is H 2 The flow rate of the protective gas is 70 mL/min for protective gas, the temperature is raised to 1100-1200 ℃ according to the temperature rise rate of 1.5 ℃/min, the vacuum is pumped, and the temperature is kept for 60 min; heating to 1600-1700 ℃ according to the heating rate of 2 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 120 min; and cooling to room temperature, and taking out to obtain the hard alloy.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a hard alloy, and raw materials adopted for preparing the hard alloy comprise: silicon dioxide, starch, ammonium metavanadate, titanium carbide, rare earth oxide, tungstic acid, ammonia water and deionized water; wherein the average grain diameter of the rare earth oxide is 291 nm, and the average grain diameter of the titanium carbide is 262 nm;
the average particle size of the silica is 48 nm; tungsten element in tungstic acid by mass ratio: silicon element in silicon dioxide: rare earth oxide: ammonium metavanadate: starch: titanium carbide =4.91:2.10:0.004:0.84:4.76:0.67.
wherein the starch is tapioca starch, and the weight average molecular weight of the starch is 1.25 × 10 4 。
The rare earth oxide is a mixture of lanthanum oxide and ytterbium oxide, wherein the mass ratio of lanthanum oxide to ytterbium oxide is 1.6.
The manufacturing process of the hard alloy comprises the following steps:
(1) Respectively drying titanium carbide, rare earth oxide, starch and silicon dioxide, then mixing and ball-milling the titanium carbide, the rare earth oxide, the starch and the silicon dioxide to obtain 100h to obtain first mixed powder, mixing the first mixed powder with deionized water, stirring for 10-15 minutes at a stirring speed of 2000-3000r/min, continuously stirring and heating to 60-100 ℃, and preserving heat to obtain first mixed liquid; wherein, the water content of the dried starch is 6 plus or minus 0.2 percent, the purities of the titanium carbide, the rare earth oxide and the silicon dioxide are more than 96 percent, the mass ratio of the ball material in the ball milling is 5:1, and the ball milling rotating speed is 350-450 r/min; the mass ratio of the first mixed powder to the deionized water is 1;
(2) Dissolving ammonium metavanadate and tungstic acid in ammonia water to obtain a second mixed liquid, adding the first mixed liquid into the second mixed liquid at a stirring speed of 150-300 r/min, supplementing a proper amount of ammonia water or deionized water, adjusting the pH value to be =8, and then performing spray drying to obtain second mixed powder; the flow rate of the spray-dried material is 780 mL/h, the temperature of the hot air is 140-160 ℃, and the flow rate of the hot air is 7.5 m 3 /min。
(3) Putting the second mixed powder into a die, and pressing and molding the second mixed powder, wherein the molding pressure is 5 MPa, and the porosity of the green body is 0.620; with H 2 The flow rate of the protective gas is 20 mL/min, the temperature is raised to 350-450 ℃ and kept for 120 min according to the temperature raising rate of 0.5 ℃/min (inert gas nitrogen or argon is introduced for a period of time before the temperature is raised, air is discharged, and then heating and hydrogen is introduced); pressing again, the molding pressure is 25 MPa, the porosity is 0.553, and H is used 2 Taking the protective gas as the protective gas, wherein the flow rate of the protective gas is 70 mL/min, heating to 1100-1200 ℃ according to the heating rate of 1 ℃/min, vacuumizing, and keeping the temperature for 60 min; heating to 1600-1700 ℃ according to the heating rate of 2 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 120 min; and cooling to room temperature, and taking out to obtain the hard alloy.
Performance detection
Solubility of starch: taking starch m 1 (dry basis, g), adding 100ml of distilled water (room temperature), stirring for 2 min at 2000-3000r/min to obtain a mixed liquid, centrifuging the mixed liquid for 15 min at the centrifugal rotating speed of 3000r/min, taking out a solution 25 ml, drying at 105 ℃ to constant weight to obtain the mass m of the dissolved starch 2 . Solubility of starch S =100 × (4 m) 2 /m 1 ）。
The ball material mass ratio is 3:1, the ball milling rotating speed is 350-450 r/min, and the weight average molecular weight of the cassava starch is 1.25 multiplied by 10 4 ) After ball milling for 25 h, 50 h, 75 h and 100h, the solubility was 53.2, 61.4, 80.1 and 88.6 respectively.
The properties of the cemented carbide manufactured in examples 1-3 and comparative example 1 were measured, and the measured data are shown in table 1. The porosity of the cemented carbide was measured according to GB T3489-2015, the transverse rupture strength of the cemented carbide was measured according to GBT 3851-2015, the test sample was type B and the specification (length x width) was 20 x 6.5.
| Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Comparative example 1 | |
| HRA hardness | 92 | 91 | 93 | 82 |
| Bending strength, MPa | 3120 | 3170 | 3100 | 1930 |
| Porosity of | A02B00C00 | A02B00C00 | A02B00C00 | A02B02C08 |
Example 4
The present embodiment provides a tamping pick of a tamping vehicle, in which the hard alloy pieces provided in embodiment 1 are embedded.
The manufacturing process of the tamping pick of the tamping vehicle comprises the following steps:
(1) Firstly, milling a proper groove at a part of the tamping pick needing to be embedded with alloy;
(2) Carrying out sand blasting treatment on the embedded surface of the hard alloy sheet, and then carrying out ultrasonic cleaning;
(3) Mixing bonding materials for inlaying (by mass, 10 parts of silver powder, 1 part of copper powder, 65 parts of alcohol and 24 parts of antioxidant) in proportion;
(4) Placing the hard alloy sheet in the embedding groove of the tamping pick, covering the porous graphite plate, and tightly pressing;
(5) Placing the assembled hard alloy tamping pick blank on a semi-sealed high-frequency heating bed with uniform transmission, slowly passing through the high-frequency heating bed, and keeping argon atmosphere in a semi-sealed cover;
(6) And (4) placing the heated hard alloy tamping pick into an insulation box to be cooled along with the furnace.
Example 5
This example provides a wear plate for a sieve cleaning vehicle, which is fitted with the cemented carbide pieces provided in example 1.
The manufacturing process of the wear plate of the screen cleaning vehicle comprises the following steps:
(1) Firstly, milling a proper groove on a part of the wear plate, which needs to be embedded with alloy;
(2) Carrying out sand blasting treatment on the embedded surface of the hard alloy sheet, and then carrying out ultrasonic cleaning;
(3) Mixing the bonding material for inlaying (by mass, 10 parts of silver powder, 1 part of copper powder, 65 parts of alcohol and 24 parts of antioxidant) in proportion, uniformly spraying the mixture on the inlaying surface of the hard alloy, spraying the mixture once or for multiple times, and drying the mixture;
(4) Placing the hard alloy sheet in the embedding groove of the wear plate, covering the porous graphite plate, and pressing tightly;
(5) Placing the assembled hard alloy wearing plate blank on a semi-sealed high-frequency heating bed with uniform transmission, slowly passing through the high-frequency heating bed, and keeping an argon atmosphere in a semi-sealed cover;
(6) And (4) placing the heated hard alloy wearing plate into a heat insulation box to be cooled along with the furnace.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention and not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art will understand that: modifications to the specific embodiments of the invention or equivalent substitutions for parts of the technical features may be made; without departing from the spirit of the present invention, it is intended to cover all aspects of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The hard alloy is characterized in that raw materials adopted for preparing the hard alloy comprise: silicon dioxide, starch, ammonium metavanadate, titanium carbide, rare earth oxide, tungstic acid, ammonia water and deionized water; wherein the average grain diameter of the rare earth oxide and the titanium carbide is 200-500 nm; the average particle size of the silicon dioxide is 40-60 nm; tungsten element in tungstic acid by mass ratio: silicon element in silicon dioxide: rare earth oxide: ammonium metavanadate: starch: titanium carbide = (2.81-4.97): (1.05-2.10): (0.001-0.008): (0.74-1.51): (4.20-4.76): (0.50-0.94).
2. The cemented carbide of claim 1, wherein: the starch is one or combination of at least two of cereal starch, potato starch and bean starch; the weight average molecular weight of the starch is 7.2X 10 3 -1.4×10 4 。
3. The cemented carbide of claim 2, wherein: the potato starch is one or two of tapioca starch and potato starch, and has weight average molecular weight of 1.2-1.4 x 10 4 (ii) a The cereal starch is one or two of corn starch and wheat starch, and has weight average molecular weight of 7.2-9.4 x 10 3 (ii) a The bean starch is greenOne or more of bean starch, pea starch, and semen Vignae Cylindricae starch, wherein the bean starch has weight average molecular weight of 9.4 × 10 3 -1.2×10 4 。
4. The cemented carbide of claim 3, characterized in that: the rare earth oxide is a mixture of lanthanum oxide and ytterbium oxide, wherein the mass ratio of the lanthanum oxide to the ytterbium oxide is (1-2) to 1.
5. A process for the manufacture of a cemented carbide according to any one of claims 1-4 comprising the steps of:
(1) Respectively drying titanium carbide, rare earth oxide, starch and silicon dioxide, then mixing the titanium carbide, the rare earth oxide, the starch and the silicon dioxide, and performing ball milling for 25-100 h to obtain first mixed powder, mixing the first mixed powder with deionized water, stirring for 10-15 minutes at a stirring speed of 2000-3000r/min, continuously stirring and heating to 60-100 ℃, and performing heat preservation to obtain first mixed liquid;
(2) Dissolving ammonium metavanadate and tungstic acid in ammonia water to obtain a second mixed liquid, adding the first mixed liquid into the second mixed liquid at a stirring speed of 150-300 r/min, supplementing a proper amount of ammonia water or deionized water, adjusting the pH to 7.5-8.5, and then performing spray drying to obtain a second mixed powder;
(3) Putting the second mixed powder into a die, and pressing and forming to obtain a blank with the porosity of 0.6-0.7; with H 2 Heating to 350-450 deg.C for 30-150 min at a heating rate of 0.5 deg.C/min as shielding gas; repressed, porosity of 0.5-0.6, with H 2 Heating to 1100-1200 deg.C at a heating rate of 1-2 deg.C/min for shielding gas, vacuumizing, and maintaining for 30-60 min; heating to 1600-1700 ℃ according to the heating rate of 1-2 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 60-120 min; and cooling to room temperature, and taking out to obtain the hard alloy.
6. The manufacturing process of claim 5, wherein: in the step (1), the water content of the dried starch is 6 +/-0.2%, the purities of the titanium carbide, the rare earth oxide and the silicon dioxide are more than 96%, the mass ratio of balls to materials in the ball milling is (3-5): 1, and the ball milling rotating speed is 350-450 r/min.
7. The manufacturing process of claim 5, wherein: in the step (1), the mass ratio of the first mixed powder to the deionized water is 1 (5-10); in the step (2), the flow rate of the spray-dried material is 750-850 mL/h, the temperature of the hot air is 140-160 ℃, and the flow rate of the hot air is 7.0-7.5 m 3 /min。
8. The manufacturing process of claim 5, wherein: in the step (3), the first-time forming pressure is 2-5 MPa, and the flow rate of the protective gas is 15-75 mL/min; the second molding pressure is 25-30 MPa.
9. The utility model provides a tamping pick of tamping car which characterized in that: inlaid with a cemented carbide according to any one of claims 1-4.
10. The utility model provides a wear plate of sieve cleaning vehicle which characterized in that: inlaid with a cemented carbide according to any one of claims 1-4.
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