CN115974527A - Fly ash-red mud-based composite ceramic membrane and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Fly ash-red mud-based composite ceramic membrane and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fly ash-red mud-based composite ceramic membrane and a preparation method thereof. The ceramic membrane comprises a support body and a separation membrane layer on the surface of the support body; the support body is obtained by extrusion forming and sintering of a raw material I comprising high-alumina fly ash and iron-removing Bayer process red mud; the separation film layer is obtained by spraying, forming and sintering a raw material II including iron-removed Bayer process red mud. The average aperture of the separation film layer in the ceramic film is 130-170 nm, the bending strength is 25-35 MPa,the pure water flux is 0.6-1 m 3 /m 2 H, the aperture of the support is 3-4 μm, the bending strength is 25-30 MPa, and the pure water flux is 2.5-3.5 m 3 /m 2 H, the acid-base corrosion strength is 18-22 MPa, the application requirement of sewage treatment is met, and the industrial solid waste is used as a main preparation raw material, so that the method has absolute market competitive advantage in cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a ceramic membrane, in particular to a fly ash-red mud-based composite ceramic membrane, and also relates to a method for preparing the fly ash-red mud-based composite ceramic membrane by low-temperature sintering, belonging to the technical field of ceramic materials.
Background
At present, many methods for preparing ceramic flat membrane disclosed in the prior art are available, but the main raw material is mostly alumina, for example, chinese patent (CN 108246119 a) discloses a ceramic flat membrane for sewage treatment and its preparation method, the main raw material is α -alumina, titanium oxide, silicon oxide powder, and its sintering temperature reaches 1350 ℃; chinese patent (CN 109851328A) discloses a preparation process of a high-performance ceramic flat membrane support, wherein the proportion of alumina powder is 60-80%, the sintering temperature reaches 1200-1500 ℃, and as the ceramic flat membrane is prepared by using pure commercial alumina in the existing process, on one hand, the price of the alumina is high, which results in high raw material cost, and on the other hand, the sintering temperature required for sintering the ceramic flat membrane by using the alumina is high, which results in high sintering cost.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the problems of the prior art, a first object of the present invention is to provide a ceramic membrane having low cost, excellent physical properties, etc., wherein the average pore diameter of the separation membrane is 130-170 nm, the bending strength is 25-35 MPa, and the pure water flux is 0.6-1 m 3 /m 2 H, the average pore diameter of the support body is 3-4 μm, the bending strength is 25-30 MPa, and the pure water flux is 2.5-3.5 m 3 /m 2 H, the acid-base corrosion strength is 18-22 MPa, the application requirement of sewage treatment is met, and the industrial solid waste is used as a main preparation raw material, so that the method has absolute market competitive advantage in cost.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide a preparation method of the ceramic flat membrane, the preparation method fully utilizes useful components such as silicon-aluminum components and metal oxides contained in solid wastes such as high-alumina fly ash and iron-removing Bayer process red mud, and the like, so that a high-performance ceramic membrane can be obtained, the raw material cost is low, the sintering energy consumption is low, and the market competitiveness of products can be favorably improved.
In order to realize the technical purpose, the invention provides a fly ash-red mud-based composite ceramic membrane, which comprises a support body and a separation membrane layer on the surface of the support body; the support body is obtained by extrusion forming and sintering of a raw material I comprising high-alumina fly ash and iron-removing Bayer process red mud; the separation film layer is obtained by spraying, forming and sintering a raw material II comprising Bayer process red mud with iron removed.
The ceramic membrane provided by the invention takes the high-alumina fly ash and the red mud obtained by the iron-removing Bayer process as main raw materials, fully utilizes silicon-aluminum components and alkaline oxides in the high-alumina fly ash and the red mud obtained by the iron-removing Bayer process, and active silicon (aluminum) oxygen tetrahedrons and abundant metal oxides in the high-alumina fly ash, and the like, and is mainly used for forming a ceramic phase structure. Based on the method, the high-alumina fly ash and the Bayer process red mud with iron removal can be used for completely replacing chemical alumina for preparing the ceramic membrane, and the performance of the obtained ceramic membrane is similar to that of the ceramic obtained by the traditional method, but the method has absolute advantage in cost.
As a preferable scheme, the raw material I comprises the following components in parts by mass: 40-60 parts of high-alumina fly ash, 25-45 parts of iron-removing Bayer process red mud, 3-6 parts of plastic clay, 5-8 parts of pore-forming agent and 2-6 parts of low-temperature binder; 15 to 25 portions of water, 1.5 to 3 portions of plasticizer, 1 to 5 portions of lubricant, 0.5 to 1.5 portions of water reducing agent and 2 to 4 portions of water retention agent. The proportion of the raw material components needs to be coordinated and controlled, and relative to the high-alumina fly ash, if the content of the red mud in the iron-removing Bayer process is too low, an obvious fluxing effect cannot be achieved, the sintering temperature of the support body is increased, and if the content of the red mud in the iron-removing Bayer process is too high, the pore diameter of the support body is reduced, and the water permeability is weakened. If the proportion of the introduced plastic clay is too low, the plasticity of the pug is influenced, and the viscosity of the pug can be enhanced by introducing a proper amount of plastic clay, the hardness and the toughness of the pug are regulated and controlled, so that the plasticity is increased, but the porosity is blocked in the sintering process and the porosity is reduced when the proportion of the plastic clay is too high, the refractoriness of the clay is generally higher than 1200 ℃, and the sintering temperature is also increased when too much plastic clay is added. When the adding proportion of the water reducing agent is too high, mud materials are hard, the extrusion molding difficulty is increased, when the adding proportion is too low, the water requirement of the mud materials is increased, and a blank body after molding and drying is fast in shrinkage and easy to crack.
As a more preferable scheme, the aluminum content of the high-alumina fly ash is more than or equal to 45 percent, and the particle size is 8-12 mu m.
As a preferable scheme, the iron content of the Bayer process red mud with iron removed is less than or equal to 1 percent, and the granularity is 8-12 mu m.
As a preferred embodiment, the plastic clay includes at least one of montmorillonite clay, ball clay and wood-bonded soil. The introduction of the preferred plastic clay can improve the viscosity of the pug, regulate and control the hardness and toughness of the pug and further increase the plasticity.
As a preferable scheme, the pore-forming agent includes at least one of PMMA microspheres and silicon carbide powder.
As a preferred scheme, the low-temperature binder comprises at least one of polyvinyl alcohol and carboxyethyl cellulose.
As a preferred embodiment, the plasticizer comprises polyethylene glycol.
As a preferred aspect, the lubricant comprises sodium stearate.
As a preferred embodiment, the water reducing agent comprises at least one of oleic acid, water glass and sodium tripolyphosphate.
As a preferred embodiment, the water retaining agent comprises tung oil.
As a preferable scheme, the raw material II comprises the following components in parts by mass: 50-70 parts of de-ironing Bayer process red mud, 5-10 parts of silica sol, 1-3 parts of dispersant and 170-240 parts of water. The proportion of the raw material components needs to be coordinated and controlled, the silica sol can enhance the suspension property and stability of the membrane slurry, and can enhance the adhesive strength between the membrane slurry and a support body after the membrane slurry is sprayed into a membrane layer, the membrane layer can be inhibited from cracking at a medium temperature section during sintering, and when the content is too low, the membrane layer biscuit strength is low, and the membrane layer biscuit is easy to peel off after drying; when the content is too high, the suspension property of the membrane pulp is reduced, and the membrane pulp is easy to block a spray gun.
As a preferred embodiment, the dispersant comprises at least one of sodium polyacrylate and ammonium polyacrylate.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the fly ash-red mud-based composite ceramic membrane, which comprises the following steps:
1) After uniformly mixing the raw material I, sequentially carrying out staling, extrusion molding, drying and sintering I to obtain a support body;
2) And wet grinding the raw material II, spraying the raw material II onto the surface of the support body, and sintering the raw material II to obtain the ceramic membrane.
As a preferred scheme, the aging condition is as follows: the temperature is 20-25 ℃, the humidity is 50 +/-10 rh percent, and the time is 24-36 h.
As a preferred scheme, the drying conditions are as follows: drying for 1-3 h at 160-180 ℃ in a microwave drying mode.
As a preferred embodiment, the conditions of the sintering I are as follows: the temperature is 1150-1200 ℃ and the time is 1.5-2.5 hours.
As a preferable scheme, the spraying conditions are as follows: the spraying pressure is 0.35-0.5 MPa, the number of spraying layers is 2-3, and the total spraying thickness is 15-25 mu m.
As a preferable scheme, the conditions of the sintering II are: the temperature is 1000-1100 ℃, and the time is 1-2 hours.
The preparation method of the support in the ceramic membrane comprises the following steps:
1) Sieving the high-alumina fly ash, crushing larger particles to below 1mm by using a jaw crusher and a grinding wheel grinder, and grinding and sieving by using a jet mill and a jet classifier to obtain particles with the particle size of 8-12 mu m.
2) Sieving a Bayer process red mud raw material, removing particles with the particle size of more than 3mm, removing iron by adopting multi-gradient wet magnetic separation, reducing the iron content to below 1%, and drying, grinding and sieving the subsequent red mud to obtain particles with the particle size of 8-10 mu m;
3) Weighing the powder in the raw material I according to the proportion, and then mixing by using an inclined countercurrent mixer for 20-25 min;
4) Weighing the liquid materials in the raw material I in proportion, adjusting the temperature of purified water to 50-80 ℃, and stirring for 30min to fully dissolve the lubricant and fully mix various organic matters;
5) Pouring the uniformly mixed liquid materials into a mixer at a constant speed, and continuously mixing for 5-10 min;
6) Putting the evenly mixed pug in a constant temperature and humidity environment with the temperature of 20-25 ℃ and the humidity of 50 +/-10 rh percent for aging for 24-36 h;
7) Pugging the aged pug by using a high-pressure vacuum extruder, extruding and molding to form a support body blank, and drying the blank in a microwave drying oven at 160-180 ℃ for 1-3 h;
8) Sintering the blank at 1150-1200 ℃ to obtain the support body.
The aperture of the prepared ceramic flat membrane support body is 3-4 mu m, the bending strength is 25-30 MPa, and the pure water flux is 2.5-3.5 m 3 /m 2 H, the acid-base corrosion strength is 18-22 MPa.
The preparation method of the separation film layer of the ceramic film comprises the following steps:
1) Mixing a Bayer process red mud raw material (less than 1 mu m), silica sol, a pore-forming agent, a reagent and a dispersing agent according to parts by weight, adding water, and performing ball milling and mixing for 2-3 hours by using a rapid mill to obtain a membrane slurry;
2) Spraying the film layer slurry onto the surface of the support body by using a spraying robot, wherein the spraying pressure is 0.35-0.5 MPa, the spraying is carried out for 2-3 times, the thickness is 15-25 mu m, and infrared drying is carried out after the spraying is finished; the film layer slurry is uniformly and quickly coated on the surface of the substrate by a spraying process, so that the produced ceramic flat plate film hole has a stable structure and can achieve the expected filtering effect.
3) Sintering at 1000-1100 deg.c for 1-2 hr.
The average aperture of the separation membrane layer in the prepared ceramic flat membrane is 130-170 nm, the bending strength is 25-35 MPa, and the pure water flux is 0.6-1 m 3 /m 2 ·h。
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages and beneficial effects that:
in the preparation process of the ceramic membrane, the raw material alumina in the traditional process is replaced by solid waste raw materials such as high-alumina fly ash and iron-removing Bayer process red mud, the high-alumina fly ash and the iron-removing Bayer process red mud can completely replace the alumina raw material, the performance of the produced ceramic flat membrane is equivalent to that of the ceramic flat membrane produced by the traditional alumina raw material, but the cost of the raw material is greatly reduced, and the ceramic flat membrane has absolute market competitiveness.
The preparation process of the ceramic membrane utilizes the Bayer process red mud with iron removal, wherein the main component is Na 2 O、K 2 O、SiO 2 、Al 2 O 3 The sintering temperature of the support body can be adjusted within 1100-1200 ℃, the sintering temperature of the separation film layer can be adjusted within 1000-1100 ℃, the sintering temperature is greatly reduced, particularly, the iron-removing Bayer process red mud is used as a main raw material in the separation film layer, the sintering temperature can be controlled to be lower than the sintering temperature of the support body, the pore structure of the support body can be prevented from being influenced by secondary high-temperature sintering, and the support body can be well matched with the support body.
The maximum ratio of industrial solid wastes such as high-alumina fly ash and iron-removing Bayer process red mud can reach 90% in the process of preparing the ceramic membrane, compared with the traditional alumina ceramic membrane, the raw material cost can be greatly reduced, the ceramic membrane capable of replacing the traditional ceramic membrane can be prepared, the ceramic membrane can be used for filtering sewage, the pollution control by using the sewage is realized, and the ceramic membrane has great development prospect.
The ceramic membrane prepared by the invention has better physical properties, the average aperture of the separation membrane layer is 130-170 nm, the bending strength is 25-35 MPa, and the pure water flux is 0.6-1 m 3 /m 2 H, pore diameter of the support body is
3-4 μm, 25-30 MPa of bending strength and 2.5-3.5 m of pure water flux 3 /m 2 H, the acid-base corrosion strength is 18-22 MPa, the application requirement of sewage treatment is met, and the industrial solid waste is used as a main preparation raw material, so that the method has absolute market competitive advantage in cost.
Detailed Description
The following specific examples are intended to further illustrate the present disclosure, but not to limit the scope of the claims.
The starting materials used in the following examples were, if not specified in particular amounts, directly employed as technical-grade commercial reagents.
The main component of the high-alumina fly ash used in the following examples and comparative examples is Al by weight 2 O 3 Content of 46% SiO 2 The content is 37%.
Example 1
Step 1: sieving high-alumina fly ash, crushing larger particle test jaw crusher and grinding wheel grinder to below 1mm, grinding and grading the powder by using an airflow crusher, and selecting the powder with the particle size of 10 microns for use after grinding;
step 2: screening Bayer process red mud, removing particles with the particle size of more than 3mm, removing iron by using a multi-gradient wet magnetic separator, measuring the iron content to be lower than 1% after two times of iron removal, drying, grinding in a jet mill, and selecting powder with the particle size of 9 mu m and 1 mu m for use;
and step 3: weighing 45 parts of Bayer process red mud with the particle size of 9 mu m, 50 parts of high-alumina fly ash with the particle size of 10 mu m, 5 parts of ball clay with the particle size of 9 mu m, 5 parts of silicon carbide powder with the particle size of 6 mu m and 3 parts of industrial-grade carboxyethyl cellulose by weight parts of 10g, and mixing for 20min by using a counter-current mixer;
and 4, step 4: weighing 1 part of sodium stearate, 20 parts of purified water at 55 ℃, after the sodium stearate is completely stirred and dissolved, weighing 2 parts of polyethylene glycol, 3 parts of tung oil, 1 part of 50% water glass solution and 0.5 part of oleic acid, continuously stirring and mixing for 25min, adding into a mixer after uniformly mixing, and mixing for 10min;
and 5: putting the pug at 25 ℃ for ageing for 1 day, pugging and extruding, forming a blank body, naturally airing for 2 hours, drying at 160 ℃ by using a microwave drying oven, naturally cooling and taking out after drying for 2 hours, and preserving heat for 2 hours at 1150 ℃ by using a muffle furnace to obtain a support body;
and 6: weighing 55 parts of 1-micron Bayer process red mud with iron removed, 5 parts of silica sol, 1 part of ammonium polyacrylate and 185 parts of water in parts by weight, fully grinding and mixing for 2 hours by using a ball mill, spraying 2 layers of films by using a spraying robot, keeping the temperature at 1050 ℃ for 1.5 hours by using a muffle furnace after infrared drying at the nozzle pressure of 0.4MPa, and sintering to obtain the membrane plate, wherein the properties of the membrane plate are shown in Table 1.
Example 2
Step 1: sieving high-alumina fly ash, crushing larger particle test jaw crusher and grinding wheel grinder to below 1mm, grinding and grading the powder by using an airflow crusher, and selecting the powder with the particle size of 12 microns for use after grinding;
step 2: sieving Bayer process red mud, removing particles with particle size larger than 3mm, removing iron with a multi-gradient wet magnetic separator, determining iron content to be lower than 1% after two rounds of iron removal, drying, grinding in a jet mill, and selecting powder with particle size of 11 μm and 0.8 μm for use;
and step 3: weighing 25 parts of 11-micron de-ironing Bayer process red mud, 60 parts of 12-micron high-alumina fly ash, 5 parts of 9-micron wooded soil, 6.5 parts of 3-micron mMMA microspheres and 3 parts of industrial-grade carboxyethyl cellulose by weight parts of 10g each, and mixing for 25min by using a counter-flow mixer;
and 4, step 4: weighing 1 part of sodium stearate, 20 parts of purified water at 55 ℃, after the sodium stearate is completely stirred and dissolved, weighing 2 parts of polyethylene glycol, 3 parts of tung oil and 0.8 part of sodium tripolyphosphate, continuously stirring and mixing for 25min, adding the mixture into a mixer after uniformly mixing, and mixing for 5min;
and 5: putting the pug at 25 ℃ for ageing for 1 day, pugging and extruding, forming a blank body, naturally airing for 2 hours, drying at 170 ℃ by using a microwave drying oven, naturally cooling and taking out after drying for 2 hours, and preserving heat for 2 hours at 1150 ℃ by using a muffle furnace to obtain a support body;
step 6: weighing 55 parts of 0.8 mu m Bayer process red mud with iron removed, 6 parts of silica sol, 1 part of sodium polyacrylate and 210 parts of water, fully grinding and mixing for 3 hours by using a ball mill, spraying 2 layers of films by using a spraying robot, wherein the nozzle pressure is 0.4MPa, drying by infrared, and then, preserving heat at 1050 ℃ by using a muffle furnace for 1.5 hours to sinter to obtain the membrane plate, wherein the properties of the membrane plate are shown in Table 1.
Example 3
Step 1: sieving high-alumina fly ash, crushing larger particle test jaw crusher and grinding wheel grinder to below 1mm, grinding and grading the powder by using an airflow crusher, and selecting powder with the particle size of 9 microns for use after grinding;
step 2: sieving Bayer process red mud, removing particles with particle size larger than 3mm, removing iron with a multi-gradient wet magnetic separator, measuring the iron content to be lower than 1% after two times of iron removal, drying, grinding in a jet mill, and selecting powder with particle size of 10 μm and 0.9 μm for use;
and 3, step 3: weighing 45 parts of 10-micron de-ironing Bayer process red mud, 40 parts of 9-micron high-alumina fly ash, 6 parts of 9-micron montmorillonite, 6.5 parts of 6-micron silicon carbide and 3 parts of industrial-grade carboxyethyl cellulose by weight parts of 10g of each part, and mixing for 25min by using a counter-flow mixer;
and 4, step 4: weighing 1 part of sodium stearate, 20 parts of purified water at 55 ℃, after the sodium stearate is completely stirred and dissolved, weighing 1.5 parts of polyethylene glycol, 5 parts of tung oil and 0.8 part of oleic acid, continuously stirring and mixing for 25min, adding the materials into a mixer after uniform mixing, and mixing for 5min;
and 5: putting the pug at 25 ℃ for ageing for 1 day, pugging and extruding, forming a blank body, naturally airing for 2 hours, drying at 165 ℃ by using a microwave drying oven, naturally cooling and taking out after drying for 2 hours, and preserving heat for 2 hours at 1150 ℃ by using a muffle furnace to obtain a support body;
step 6: weighing 70 parts of 0.9 mu m de-ironing Bayer process red mud, 7 parts of silica sol, 1.8 parts of ammonium polyacrylate and 240 parts of water by weight, fully grinding and mixing for 2 hours by using a ball mill, spraying 3 layers of films by using a spraying robot, wherein the nozzle pressure is 0.4MPa, drying by infrared, and then, preserving heat at 1050 ℃ for 1.5 hours by using a muffle furnace for sintering to obtain the film plate, wherein the properties of the film plate are shown in Table 1.
Comparative example 1
Step 1: sieving high-alumina fly ash, crushing larger particle test jaw crusher and grinding wheel grinder to below 1mm, grinding and grading the powder by using an airflow crusher, and selecting the powder with the particle size of 10 microns for use after grinding;
step 2: sieving Bayer process red mud, removing particles with particle size larger than 3mm, grinding in jet mill, and selecting powder with particle size of 9 μm and 1 μm for use;
and step 3: weighing 45 parts of Bayer process red mud with the particle size of 9 micrometers, 50 parts of high-alumina fly ash with the particle size of 10 micrometers, 5 parts of ball clay with the particle size of 9 micrometers, 5 parts of silicon carbide powder with the particle size of 6 micrometers and 3 parts of industrial-grade carboxyethyl cellulose by weight of 10g, and mixing for 20min by using a counter-flow mixer;
and 4, step 4: weighing 1 part of sodium stearate, 20 parts of purified water at 55 ℃, after the sodium stearate is completely stirred and dissolved, weighing 2 parts of polyethylene glycol, 3 parts of tung oil, 1 part of 50% water glass solution and 0.5 part of oleic acid, continuously stirring and mixing for 25min, adding into a mixer after uniformly mixing, and mixing for 5min;
and 5: putting the pug at 25 ℃ for ageing for 1 day, pugging and extruding, forming a blank body, naturally airing for 2 hours, drying at 160 ℃ by using a microwave drying oven, naturally cooling and taking out after drying for 2 hours, and preserving heat for 2 hours at 1150 ℃ by using a muffle furnace to obtain a support body;
step 6: weighing 55 parts of Bayer process red mud with the particle size of 1 micrometer, 5 parts of silica sol, 1 part of ammonium polyacrylate and 185 parts of water in parts by weight, fully grinding and mixing for 2 hours by using a ball mill, spraying 2 layers of films by using a spraying robot, keeping the temperature of a muffle furnace at 1050 ℃ for 1.5 hours under the nozzle pressure of 0.4MPa, drying by infrared, and sintering to obtain the membrane plate, wherein the properties of the membrane plate are shown in Table 1.
Comparative example 2
Step 1: sieving the fly ash (the content of aluminum is 25 percent), crushing a larger particle test jaw crusher and a grinding wheel grinder to below 1mm, grinding and grading the powder by using a jet mill, and selecting the powder with the particle size of 12 mu m for later use after grinding;
step 2: sieving Bayer process red mud, removing particles with particle size larger than 3mm, removing iron with a multi-gradient wet magnetic separator, measuring the iron content to be lower than 1% after two times of iron removal, drying, grinding in a jet mill, and selecting powder with particle size of 11 μm and 0.8 μm for use;
and 3, step 3: weighing 25 parts of 11-micron de-ironing Bayer process red mud, 60 parts of 12-micron low-alumina fly ash, 5 parts of 9-micron wooded soil, 6.5 parts of 3-micron mPMMA microspheres and 3 parts of industrial-grade carboxyethyl cellulose by weight of 10g of each part, and mixing for 25min by using a counter-current mixer;
and 4, step 4: weighing 1 part of sodium stearate, 20 parts of purified water at 55 ℃, after the sodium stearate is completely stirred and dissolved, weighing 2 parts of polyethylene glycol, 3 parts of tung oil and 0.8 part of sodium tripolyphosphate, continuously stirring and mixing for 25min, adding the mixture into a mixer after uniformly mixing, and mixing for 5min;
and 5: putting the pug at 25 ℃ for ageing for 1 day, pugging and extruding, forming a blank body, naturally airing for 2 hours, drying at 170 ℃ by using a microwave drying oven, naturally cooling and taking out after drying for 2 hours, and preserving heat for 2 hours at 1150 ℃ by using a muffle furnace to obtain a support body;
and 6: weighing 55 parts of 0.8 mu m Bayer process red mud with iron removed, 6 parts of silica sol, 1 part of sodium polyacrylate and 210 parts of water, fully grinding and mixing for 2 hours by using a ball mill, spraying a film layer by using a spraying robot, keeping the temperature at 1050 ℃ for 1.5 hours by using a muffle furnace after infrared drying, and sintering to obtain the film plate, wherein the film plate has the properties shown in Table 1.
Table 1 comparison of the properties of composite ceramic membranes of examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 2
Claims (10)
1. A fly ash-red mud base composite ceramic membrane is characterized in that: comprises a support body and a separation film layer on the surface of the support body; the support body is obtained by extrusion forming and sintering of a raw material I comprising high-alumina fly ash and iron-removing Bayer process red mud; the separation film layer is obtained by spraying, forming and sintering a raw material II including iron-removed Bayer process red mud.
2. The fly ash-red mud-based composite ceramic membrane according to claim 1, wherein: the raw material I comprises the following components in parts by mass: 40-60 parts of high-alumina fly ash, 25-45 parts of iron-removing Bayer process red mud, 3-6 parts of plastic clay, 5-8 parts of pore-forming agent and 2-6 parts of low-temperature binder; 15 to 25 portions of water, 1.5 to 3 portions of plasticizer, 1 to 5 portions of lubricant, 0.5 to 1.5 portions of water reducing agent and 2 to 4 portions of water retention agent.
3. The fly ash-red mud-based composite ceramic membrane according to claim 2, which is characterized in that:
the aluminum content of the high-alumina fly ash is more than or equal to 45 percent, and the particle size is 8-12 mu m;
the iron content of the Bayer process red mud without iron is less than or equal to 1 percent, and the granularity is 8-12 mu m.
4. The fly ash-red mud-based composite ceramic membrane according to claim 2, which is characterized in that:
the plastic clay comprises at least one of montmorillonite soil, ball clay and wood soil;
the pore-forming agent comprises at least one of PMMA microspheres and silicon carbide powder;
the low-temperature binder comprises at least one of polyvinyl alcohol and carboxyethyl cellulose;
the plasticizer comprises polyethylene glycol;
the lubricant comprises sodium stearate;
the water reducing agent comprises at least one of oleic acid, water glass and sodium tripolyphosphate;
the water-retaining agent comprises tung oil.
5. The fly ash-red mud-based composite ceramic membrane according to claim 1, wherein: the raw material II comprises the following components in parts by mass: 50-70 parts of iron-removing Bayer process red mud, 5-10 parts of silica sol, 1-3 parts of a dispersant and 170-240 parts of water.
6. The fly ash-red mud-based composite ceramic membrane according to claim 5, which is characterized in that:
the dispersant comprises at least one of sodium polyacrylate and ammonium polyacrylate.
7. The method for preparing a fly ash-red mud-based composite ceramic membrane according to any one of claims 1 to 6, which is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
1) After uniformly mixing the raw material I, sequentially carrying out staling, extrusion molding, drying and sintering I to obtain a support body;
2) And wet grinding the raw material II, spraying the raw material II onto the surface of the support body, and sintering the raw material II to obtain the ceramic membrane.
8. The method for preparing a fly ash-red mud-based composite ceramic membrane according to claim 7, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the ageing conditions are as follows: the temperature is 20-25 ℃, the humidity is 50 +/-10 rh%, and the time is 24-36 h;
the drying conditions are as follows: drying for 1-3 h at 160-180 ℃ in a microwave drying mode;
the conditions of the sintering I are as follows: the temperature is 1150-1200 ℃ and the time is 1.5-2.5 hours.
9. The method for preparing a fly ash-red mud-based composite ceramic membrane according to claim 7, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the spraying conditions are as follows: the spraying pressure is 0.35-0.5 MPa, the number of spraying layers is 2-3, and the total spraying thickness is 15-25 mu m.
10. The preparation method of the semi-internal combustion type solid waste based ceramic flat sheet membrane according to claim 7, characterized in that: the conditions of the sintering II are as follows: the temperature is 1000-1100 ℃, and the time is 1-2 hours.
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