CN115971383A - Four-station horizontal forging hydraulic press and four-station automatic forging method - Google Patents

Four-station horizontal forging hydraulic press and four-station automatic forging method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115971383A
CN115971383A CN202310074379.XA CN202310074379A CN115971383A CN 115971383 A CN115971383 A CN 115971383A CN 202310074379 A CN202310074379 A CN 202310074379A CN 115971383 A CN115971383 A CN 115971383A
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graphite
die
cylinder
horizontal
vertical
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夏卫明
乔礼惠
冷云龙
张宇辰
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Jiangsu Yangli Hydraulic Equipment Co ltd
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Jiangsu Yangli Hydraulic Equipment Co ltd
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Abstract

The invention discloses a four-station horizontal forging hydraulic press and a four-station automatic forging method.A main cylinder in the middle of cross beams at two ends is respectively connected with a main sliding block, a die holder is embedded at the working end of the main sliding block, two stations are respectively arranged on the two die holders, and a graphite spray gun is respectively matched and sleeved on each die; go up the stand mid-mounting and press from both sides tight jar in the middle of, the piston rod lower extreme that the tight jar of middle clamp is connected with and compresses tightly the slider, and the last semicircle of work piece holder links firmly and compresses tightly the slider below, and the lower semicircle of work piece holder links firmly on the workstation, and the workstation is fixed at stand middle part down. The forging step comprises the steps of descending the tray, enabling the spray gun to be close to the die and blowing air in advance, spraying graphite, withdrawing the spray gun and continuously blowing air, stopping blowing air and lifting the tray, placing a workpiece by a mechanical arm, clamping the workpiece, fast forwarding the sliding block, stretching for the first time, releasing the pressure of the main cylinder, returning the sliding block, changing the die, stretching for the second time, releasing the pressure of the main cylinder, returning the sliding block, releasing the workpiece and taking out. The invention can realize automatic spraying, extrusion and die change, and has low equipment investment cost and high production efficiency.

Description

Four-station horizontal forging hydraulic press and four-station automatic forging method
Technical Field
The invention relates to a horizontal hydraulic press, in particular to a four-station horizontal forging hydraulic press, and further relates to a four-station automatic forging method, belonging to the technical field of hydraulic press forging.
Background
In the forming processes of necking, upsetting, squaring, thickening and the like of shaft parts and disc parts, the forming process needs to be carried out for multiple times, the deformation is gradually carried out to the required size, and multiple quality problems of stacking, instability, cracks, workpiece bending, incapability of forming and the like easily occur due to overlarge deformation at one time. The use of multiple progressive formations involves the problem of switching stations or reducing dies. When the hydraulic press is used for pressing, a stress point is required to be positioned at a pressure center of a machine tool, and the multi-station repeated extrusion is generally solved by two methods: (1) A plurality of machine tools are connected, each machine tool is provided with a different reducing die, and the middle of the reducing die is matched with a feeding device or manual feeding and discharging. (2) And (3) carrying out batch forming on the reducing dies at each station on the same hydraulic machine, and then replacing the reducing dies to carry out the next batch forming.
The two solutions have obvious disadvantages: the scheme (1) requires increased equipment to be configured, and the cost investment is remarkably increased. The number of hydraulic machines required by the scheme (2) is reduced, the cost investment is low, but the production efficiency is obviously reduced, and the diameter reducing die needs to be frequently replaced in small-batch or single-piece production, so that the production efficiency is low. Particularly, when a workpiece needs to be heated, the heating is not feasible, in processes of reducing and forming a thick-wall steel pipe, horizontally forging a hub and the like, pipe ends or parts need to be heated to reduce deformation resistance and increase the flowing property of metal to increase the mold filling capacity, and if the scheme (2) is adopted, the parts formed in the previous process are placed, the temperature is reduced, the parts need to be heated again or repeatedly, and the cost is increased. Moreover, multiple heating causes quality problems in other aspects such as decarburization, oxidation, and overburning of parts.
The forged graphite emulsion is an ideal release agent and lubricant for cold hot extrusion and hot forging in the forging process, and also has the effects of protecting heated workpieces and reducing oxidation. At present, the traditional methods comprise roll coating and manual brush coating, and the roll coating is only suitable for parts with regular shaft structures and is easy to cause excessive roll coating. The manual brushing efficiency is low, the thickness is uneven, and adverse factors such as dripping and hanging pollution to the environment are easily generated. The brush coating is carried out by adopting a robot hand instead of a hand, and the scheme of manually spraying by adopting a graphite spray gun with a manual control valve by pumping is also adopted. The defects of low production efficiency, uneven brushing and easy sagging to cause environmental pollution still exist.
The Chinese patent application with the publication number of CN 111229538A discloses a four-station automatic hydraulic forging machine and a spraying method of the four-station automatic hydraulic forging machine, and the spraying method comprises a rack arranged on one side of the hydraulic forging machine, a movable frame movably arranged on the rack, a lifting frame with one end part arranged on the movable frame in a sliding mode along the vertical direction, and a spraying barrel fixedly arranged on the other end part of the lifting frame and used for storing graphite emulsion, wherein the opening of the spraying barrel is upward, a plurality of nozzles communicated with the inner cavity of the spraying barrel are arranged at the bottom of the spraying barrel, a first driving mechanism for moving the movable frame to/from the forging station of the hydraulic forging machine is arranged between the movable frame and the rack, and a second driving mechanism for driving the lifting frame to ascend and descend is arranged between the lifting frame and the movable frame, so that the spraying effect of the graphite emulsion can be improved, and waste of the graphite emulsion cannot be caused. The following disadvantages still exist:
1. the structure is complicated, the commonality is relatively poor, and mechanical structure size is great, and drive mechanism is more, need install in the press and have the open-ended the place ahead, occupies the operating position of forging press, influences artifical or machine operation, and especially forging hydraulic press such as fast forging, free forging, hot die forging is fast, and the part that needs to frequently turn over and change the undergauge mould to and add forging medicament, it is very big to the influence of manual operation and machine operation, makes its application receive the restriction of many factors.
2. The efficiency of the actuating mechanism is low, and the overall production efficiency is influenced. The device sprays graphite each time, the graphite barrel and a nozzle below the graphite barrel need to pass through the rotating arm, the lifting mechanism enters a die cavity of a forging working position of the press, and the working space needs to be withdrawn after the spraying is finished, so that the efficiency is low. Forged work piece all need heat to red hot state basically to reduce the tensile strength increase mobility of work piece material, the shaping of being convenient for, so forge generally all need the operating speed fast, this mechanism must influence work efficiency, operating device who advances one by one has prolonged operating time, will probably cause the temperature reduction of work piece, influences the shaping.
3. The actuating mechanism lacks a position control function, the entering position and the moving-out position of the actuating mechanism cannot be guaranteed, and the actuating mechanism is completely operated manually and controlled manually, so that the actuating mechanism is easy to malfunction or inaccurate in positioning.
4. The graphite barrel is required to be integrally moved to a forging station of a forging press, then the upper die is immersed into graphite emulsion through the up-and-down movement of the lifting device, and the lower die is sprayed through the nozzle. The shapes of the upper molds were varied and it was questionable whether the graphitic emulsion could be fully immersed in Dan Motong, for example: if the upper mold is short and flat, or the cavity mold or the size is larger than Dan Motong, the immersion operation is difficult to perform. The graphite emulsion covered by the part of the upper die which is immersed is too large, and the part which is not immersed is lack of the graphite emulsion, so that the phenomenon of non-uniformity is caused. In addition, the dipping method inevitably causes the graphite emulsion to drip and drip on a workbench or in a lower die, the graphite emulsion is easy to dry and solidify to cause accumulation, the cavity of the reducing die is influenced, the cleaning difficulty is high, and the environment is polluted.
The Chinese utility model patent with publication number CN 215587755U discloses a double-station die change mechanism, which comprises a hydraulic press slide block, a die change push-pull oil cylinder arranged on the hydraulic press slide block, a die change slide plate arranged below the hydraulic press slide block, dies arranged on the die change slide plate, and die clamp lockers arranged at two sides of the die change slide plate; the number of the moulds is 2 or more than 2; the die change push-pull oil cylinder drives the die change sliding plate to slide through the dragging support, so that the dies are driven to move, and the dies can be replaced alternately. The die changing mechanism is not restricted by the forging ratio of the workpiece, can be heated and forged for forming at one time, has high qualified rate of the workpiece, and improves the production efficiency; however, the following problems still remain:
1. the die change cylinder is arranged on the inner side of the sliding block, and the die change push-pull oil cylinder drives the die change sliding plate to slide through the dragging support, so that the die is driven to move, and the die position is switched. The dragging support is of an external L-shaped structure, the upper end of the dragging support is connected with the die change push-pull oil cylinder, the lower end of the dragging support is connected with the die change sliding plate through screws, the dragging support can generate clockwise moment when the die change push-pull oil cylinder extends out, the dragging support can generate anticlockwise moment when the die change push-pull oil cylinder retracts, so that the moment alternately generates looseness to the connecting screws, and the movement clearance between the die change sliding plate and the sliding block is continuously changed, so that the service life of the guide rail is shortened.
2. The outer wall of the mold is welded with a layer of shell to form a space for cooling the mold through cooling water, the flow distance of the cooling water is short, short flow is easy, heat exchange is insufficient, and the cooling effect is poor.
3. When the mold drawing force is large, all the mold drawing force is borne by the flange screws and the guide rail screws of the mold, so that the mold is easy to be pulled out, and potential safety hazards exist.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the problems in the prior art, and provides a four-station horizontal forging hydraulic press which can realize automatic spraying, extrusion and die change of four stations on the same machine tool, save the equipment input cost, simplify the process and improve the production efficiency.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention discloses a four-station horizontal forging hydraulic press which comprises a cross beam connected with two ends of an upper stand column and a lower stand column, wherein the middle part of the cross beam is respectively provided with a main cylinder, plungers of the two main cylinders are respectively connected with a driving end of a main sliding block, the working end surface of the main sliding block is respectively provided with an opening and is embedded with a die holder capable of translating back and forth, the two die holders are provided with two die mounting holes side by side along the front and back direction, reducing dies are respectively arranged in the four die mounting holes, and each reducing die is respectively provided with a graphite spray gun; the middle part of going up the stand is installed middle clamping cylinder, the piston rod lower extreme of middle clamping cylinder is connected with and compresses tightly the slider, and the last semicircle dome of work piece holder links firmly compress tightly the lower terminal surface of slider, the lower semicircle of work piece holder passes through the anchor clamps base to be fixed on the workstation, the bottom of workstation is fixed in the middle part of stand down.
As an improvement of the invention, two graphite spray guns form a group and are fixed at the bottom of the horizontal movement bracket together and point to the center of the large hole end of the reducing mold respectively; the vertical wall of the horizontal motion support is respectively connected with the free end of a piston rod of a horizontal cylinder, horizontal guide rods are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the horizontal cylinder, the free ends of the two horizontal guide rods are also respectively connected with the vertical wall of the horizontal motion support, the middle sections of the two horizontal guide rods are respectively located in horizontal guide sleeves, the two horizontal guide sleeves are respectively fixed below corresponding trays, the horizontal cylinder is fixed on the corresponding tray, and the tray is located on the rear side of a pressure central line of the hydraulic machine; the tray is fixedly connected to the lower end of a piston rod of the corresponding vertical cylinder, and the two vertical cylinders are respectively fixed between the front end and the rear end of the vertical fixing support and are respectively fixed between the two upper upright columns; vertical guide rods are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the vertical cylinder, the middle sections of the vertical guide rods are respectively inserted into the vertical guide sleeves, the two vertical guide sleeves are respectively fixed on the vertical fixing support, and the lower ends of the two vertical guide rods are respectively connected with the tray.
As a further improvement of the invention, an outlet of the pneumatic triple piece is connected with a first three-position five-way electromagnetic valve, a second three-position five-way electromagnetic valve, a two-position five-way electromagnetic valve and a P port of the two-position three-way electromagnetic valve, an A port of the first three-position five-way electromagnetic valve is connected with a rodless cavity of the vertical cylinder through a first speed regulating valve, a B port of the first three-position five-way electromagnetic valve is connected with a P port of a two-position four-way check valve D1 through a second speed regulating valve, and an A port of the two-position four-way check valve D1 is connected with a rod cavity of the vertical cylinder;
the port A of the three-position five-way electromagnetic valve II is connected with the rodless cavity of the horizontal cylinder through a speed regulating valve III, and the port B of the three-position five-way electromagnetic valve II is connected with the rod cavity of the horizontal cylinder through a speed regulating valve IV;
the port A and the port B of the two-position five-way electromagnetic valve respectively control the on-off of the angle seat valve, the graphite pipe is connected with the port P of the angle seat valve, and the port A of the angle seat valve is connected with the graphite interfaces of the two graphite spray guns through the spring pipe;
and the A port of the two-position three-way electromagnetic valve is connected with compressed air ports of the two graphite spray guns through a spring pipe, and the angle seat valve, the two-position two-way electromagnetic valve and the two-position three-way electromagnetic valve are all fixed on the tray.
As a further improvement of the invention, the air pipe and the graphite pipe which are lifted along with the tray are both hoses and are tensioned by a tensioning mechanism, the tensioning mechanism comprises two tight brackets, the bottoms of the two tight brackets are respectively fixed on the transverse plates, and the front end and the rear end of each transverse plate are respectively fixed between the two upper upright posts; vertical long grooves are symmetrically arranged on the two tensioning supports, movable pulley shafts capable of floating up and down are respectively inserted between the two vertical long grooves, movable pulleys are respectively arranged at the middle sections of the two movable pulley shafts, U-shaped supports are respectively suspended on the two movable pulley shafts, and balancing weights are respectively suspended at the centers of the bottoms of the U-shaped supports; the fixed pulleys are respectively arranged on the protruding parts above the two tensioning supports, and the air pipe and the graphite pipe respectively pass around the movable pulley and the fixed pulleys in an S shape.
As a further improvement of the invention, the graphite of the graphite spray gun is provided by a graphite emulsion power tank, the top of the tank body of the graphite emulsion power tank is covered with a detachable tank body top cover, the center of the tank body top cover is provided with a stirring speed reducer, the output end of the stirring speed reducer is connected with a stirring shaft, and the lower end of the stirring shaft is provided with a blade; the tank body is characterized in that a top cover of the tank body is provided with a feeding hole and a quick air inlet connector, a feeding hole sealing cover covers the feeding hole, the side wall of the upper part of the tank body is connected with an air release ball valve and a water inlet ball valve, and the inner end of a connecting pipe of the water inlet ball valve is provided with an atomizing nozzle; the lower part lateral wall of the jar body is connected with graphite outlet ball valve, the export of graphite outlet ball valve with the entry of graphite pipe and the export of washing the ball valve link to each other, the entry of washing the ball valve links to each other with the clear water pipe.
As a further improvement of the invention, the lower parts of the two die holders and the main sliding block are respectively guided by guide flat keys extending along the front-back direction; the die holder is characterized in that die holder support lugs are respectively arranged at the top of the die holder and are respectively hinged with the free end of a piston rod of the die changing cylinder, the die changing cylinder extends in the front-back direction, and the bottom of the die changing cylinder is fixed on the corresponding main sliding block.
As a further improvement of the invention, a pair of slide block rollers are respectively arranged below the front side and the rear side of the main slide block, the slide block rollers are respectively supported on roller guide rails, and the roller guide rails are fixed on the top of the lower upright post.
As a further improvement of the invention, water jackets are respectively arranged in the die mounting holes of the die holder, the reducing dies are respectively arranged in the inner holes of the water jackets, and cooling water inlet and outlet holes communicated with the outer wall of the water jackets are arranged on the outer side of the die holder; the outer wall of the water jacket is provided with a spiral groove coiled along the cylindrical surface, and the two ends of the water jacket and the die holder are sealed through a high-temperature-resistant fluororubber ring.
As a further improvement of the invention, a pressure-bearing backing plate is arranged between the rear side of the die holder and the main sliding block, the upper side and the lower side of the front end surface of the main sliding block are respectively provided with a limit pressing plate, and the front end and the rear end of the limit pressing plate are respectively provided with an L-shaped limit; and four corners of the pressing slide block are respectively provided with a clamping guide rod, each clamping guide rod respectively penetrates through a corresponding guide sleeve of the clamping bracket, and the clamping bracket is respectively fixed between the front upright post and the rear upright post.
Another object of the present invention is to overcome the problems in the prior art, and to provide a four-station automatic forging method, which can realize automatic switching of extrusion and forging processes between four stations on the same machine tool, thereby saving the equipment investment cost and improving the production efficiency.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the four-station automatic forging method of the present invention employs the four-station horizontal forging hydraulic press according to any one of claims 1 to 9, and sequentially includes the steps of:
s1, a die holder is positioned at the rear side of a hydraulic machine, a reducing die at the front side is positioned on a pressure central line, and a vertical cylinder respectively drives a tray to descend, so that two groups of graphite spray guns are respectively aligned with large-hole ports of the corresponding reducing dies;
s2, extending out a piston rod of the horizontal cylinder, respectively driving two groups of graphite spray guns to be close to the reducing mold, and blowing air in advance at a gun mouth;
s3, synchronously spraying graphite into the reducing molds by the two groups of graphite spray guns;
s4, stopping graphite spraying, retracting a piston rod of the horizontal air cylinder, pulling the two groups of graphite spray guns to withdraw respectively, and continuously blowing air at a gun mouth;
s5, stopping blowing air by the two groups of graphite spray guns, and respectively driving the tray to rise and reset by the vertical air cylinder;
s6, placing the workpieces with the two heated ends in the lower semi-circle of the workpiece clamp by the manipulator;
s7, the manipulator withdraws, the middle clamping cylinder drives the pressing slide block to move downwards, and the upper semicircle and the lower semicircle of the workpiece clamp surround and press the workpiece;
s8, synchronously driving the main slide block to fast forward by the two main cylinders, and synchronously sleeving the front reducing die on the pressure center line into two ends of the workpiece;
s9, synchronously pressurizing the two main cylinders, and extruding the two ends of the workpiece by the tapered holes of the front reducing die to realize primary reducing;
s10, synchronously decompressing the two master cylinders;
s11, pulling the main sliding block to synchronously retract by the two main cylinders;
s12, driving the die holder to move forward by the die changing cylinder, and stopping when the reducing die on the rear side reaches the pressure central line of the hydraulic machine;
s13, synchronously driving the main sliding block to fast advance by the two main cylinders, and synchronously sleeving the rear side reducing die on the pressure center line into two ends of the workpiece;
s14, synchronously pressurizing the two main cylinders, and extruding the two ends of the workpiece by the tapered holes of the rear reducing die to realize secondary reducing;
s15, synchronously decompressing the two master cylinders;
s16, the two main cylinders pull the main slide block to synchronously retract, and then the die changing cylinder pulls the die holder to reset backwards;
s17, the middle clamping cylinder drives the pressing sliding block to return upwards, and the upper semicircle of the workpiece clamp is separated from the workpiece;
and S18, taking out the workpiece by the manipulator.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. the rapid station switching can save the time for die changing, four-station automatic extrusion and forging switching can be realized on the same hydraulic machine, and the equipment investment cost is low;
2. the circulation among the working procedures of the workpiece is reduced, the procedures of feeding and discharging, clamping and positioning and the like are not required to be carried out again, and the production efficiency is greatly improved;
3. the temperature reduction of the workpiece is reduced, the repeated heating of the workpiece for many times is avoided, and the quality problems of part decarburization, oxidation, overburning and the like are avoided;
4. the function of graphite spraying can be automatically executed by combining the working signal of the hydraulic press, fewer pipelines are arranged on the premise of meeting the requirement of spraying, the risks of retention and blockage of graphite emulsion in the pipelines are reduced, and the working space of the movement of the sliding block can be avoided before and after spraying; the sprayed graphite emulsion is blown into a fog shape under the action of a spray gun and compressed air, the atomization effect is good, the structural shape of a die cavity is not limited, and the coverage is uniform;
5. the hydraulic press has a relatively simple structure, the pneumatic principle of graphite spraying is strong in universality, the hydraulic press can be applied to most of the graphite forging spraying processes by only changing a power mechanism and an execution structure of a graphite spraying cavity, a spray gun can be directly aligned to a station to be sprayed, automatic graphite spraying can be controlled according to a return signal of the press, the efficiency is high, the application range is wide, and the improvement can be conveniently carried out according to the actual working condition as long as the principle is unchanged;
6. the flexibility of the pneumatic circuit is high, the pneumatic circuit can be adjusted according to the actual engineering situation, and the principle is simple and ingenious. The graphite power tank can be placed at any position which does not hinder work, the graphite emulsion is conveyed by compressed air, the conveying distance is long, the flow is adjustable, and the spraying time is controllable. Spraying time, conveying distance and flow can all be adjusted and controlled, production efficiency is high, and labor cost is greatly saved. The graphite spray gun cleaning device has two cleaning modes of automatic blowing cleaning and tap water cleaning, and can effectively prevent the graphite from being dried to block pipelines and graphite spray guns.
Drawings
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures and the detailed description, which are provided for reference and illustration only and are not meant to limit the invention.
FIG. 1 is a front view of a four-station horizontal forging hydraulic press of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of half of the hydraulic machine of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a front view of the main slide of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a station of the die holder of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a graphite emulsion power canister of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a graphite emulsion power canister of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a front view of the spray actuator of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a perspective view of the spray actuator of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a pneumatic schematic of the spray system of the present invention;
in the figure: 1. a stirring motor; 2. a stirring speed reducer; 3. a flange seat; 4. a pressure gauge; 5. a tank top cover; 6. a deflation ball valve; 7. a tank body; 8. a liquid level meter; 9. a graphite outlet ball valve; 10. flushing the ball valve; 11. a tank body bottom plate; 12. a tank body base; 13. a quick air inlet connector; 14. jacking the screw; 15. a bolt; 16. a pin boss; 17. a pressure lever; 18. a charging hole sealing cover; 19. a hinge shaft; 20. a pressure bar lug; 21. a water inlet ball valve; 22. an atomizing spray head; 23. a discharge valve; 24. a coupling; 25. a bearing seat; 26. a bearing; 27. lubricating the joint; 28. a bearing gland; 29. rotating the lip-shaped sealing ring; 30. a sealing gland; 30a, rotating the Grey circle; 30b, rotating the sealing ring; 31. a stirring shaft; 32. a paddle; 33. a water jacket; 33a, a helical groove; 33b, an annular groove; 34. reducing the diameter of the mould; 34a, a mould gland; 35. a vertical fixing bracket; 36. a vertical cylinder; 36a. A screw; 37. a vertical guide rod; 38. a vertical guide sleeve; 39. a tray; 40. a horizontal cylinder; 41. a horizontal motion bracket; 42. a horizontal guide sleeve; 43. a horizontal guide sleeve mounting seat; 44. a horizontal guide rod; 45. a graphite spray gun; 46. a spray gun mounting block; 47. a graphite tube; 48. an air tube; 49. an angle seat valve; 50. a die changing cylinder; 51. tensioning the bracket; 51a, a vertical long groove; 52. a movable pulley; 52a, a movable pulley shaft; a U-shaped bracket; 54. a balancing weight; 55. a fixed pulley; 56. a cross beam; 57. a master cylinder; 58. an upper upright post; 59. a main slider; 60. a vertical pull rod; 61. clamping the guide rod; 62. a middle clamping cylinder; 63. pressing the sliding block; 64. a workpiece holder; 65. a workpiece; 66. a work table; 67. a lower upright post; 68. a large nut; 69. a tie rod; 70. a slider guide rail; 71. an adjustment mechanism; 72. a slider roller; 73. a roller guide rail; 74. a pressure bearing backing plate; 75. a guiding flat key; 76. a die holder; 76a, a die holder support lug; 76b cooling water inlet and outlet holes; 77. an upper limiting pressing plate; 78. and a lower limiting pressure plate.
Detailed description of the preferred embodiments
In the following description of the present invention, the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not mean that the apparatus must have a specific orientation.
In order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the invention is further explained below by combining the specific drawings.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used herein in the description of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, the four-station horizontal forging hydraulic press of the invention comprises a cross beam 56, an upper upright 58, a lower upright 67, a main cylinder 57, a main slide block 59, a middle clamping cylinder 62, a pressing slide block 63, a workpiece clamp 64 and a workbench 66, wherein the cross beam 56 is positioned at two ends of the upper upright 58 and the lower upright 67, a cross pull rod 69 penetrates through the cross beam 56 and the uprights, and two ends are screwed with large nuts 68 to press the cross beam 56. The upper upright 58 and the lower upright 67 are connected with each other through two vertical pull rods 60, so that the hydraulic press has higher strength and rigidity.
The middle of the cross beam 56 is respectively provided with a main cylinder 57, the plungers of the two main cylinders 57 are respectively connected with the driving end of the main slide block 59, the working end surface of the main slide block 59 is respectively provided with an opening and is embedded with a die holder 76 capable of translating back and forth, the die holder 76 is of a square structure, the two die holders 76 are respectively provided with two stations along the front and back direction, namely two die mounting holes are respectively arranged, and the diameter reducing dies 34 are respectively arranged in the four die mounting holes.
A pair of slider rollers 72 are respectively mounted below the front and rear sides of the main slider 59, and each slider roller 72 is provided with an adjusting mechanism 71 for adjusting the level of the main slider 59 by a screw. Because the main slide block 59 is heavier and faces downwards, the die holder 76 extends forwards, the center of gravity of the whole main slide block 59 and the reducing die 34 is not positioned at the center of the slide block guide rail 70, the up-down position of the slide block guide rail 70 is difficult to adjust through a wedge block, and the roller and the adjusting screw are more convenient to design. The slider rollers 72 may be directly supported on roller rails 73, respectively, with the roller rails 73 being fixed to the top of the lower column 67.
A pressure bearing backing plate 74 is arranged between the rear surface of the die holder 76 and the main sliding block 59, the lower part of the die holder 76 and the main sliding block 59 are respectively guided by guide flat keys 75 extending along the front-rear direction, the guide flat keys 75 are connected with the sliding blocks through counter bore screws, a copper guide plate is further fixed below the die holder 76 and forms a guide pair with a guide rail below the main sliding block 59, and the die holder 76 can slide along the front-rear direction in the main sliding block 59.
The working surface, i.e., the front end surface, of the main slider 59 is designed to be an open shape, a die holder 76 is installed in the open shape, double stations are respectively designed on the die holder 76, and each station is respectively provided with a die installation hole. The stress center of the extrusion station of the reducing die 34 is always positioned on the pressure center line of the hydraulic press.
The die holder 76 is pushed and pulled by the die changing cylinder 50, die holder support lugs 76a are respectively arranged at the top of the die holder 76, the die holder support lugs 76a are respectively hinged with the free ends of the piston rods of the die changing cylinder 50, the die changing cylinder 50 extends in the front-back direction, and the bottom of the die changing cylinder 50 is fixed on the main sliding block 59. The two ends of the die change cylinder 50 are hinged, so that installation and machining errors are eliminated, and the lateral force of the die change cylinder 50 is eliminated. The main slide block 59 is provided with a long hole on the plate connected with the die change cylinder 50, so that the die change cylinder 50 is prevented from having no interference during movement.
The middle part of the upper upright post 58 is provided with a middle clamping cylinder 62, the lower end of a piston rod of the middle clamping cylinder 62 is connected with a pressing slide block 63, four corners of the pressing slide block 63 are respectively fixed with a clamping guide rod 61, each clamping guide rod 61 respectively penetrates through a corresponding guide sleeve of a clamping bracket, the clamping brackets are respectively fixed between the front and the rear upper upright posts 58, and the accurate direction of the middle clamping cylinder 62 when driving the pressing slide block 63 to lift is ensured.
The lower end face of the pressing sliding block 63 is provided with a T-shaped groove and is fixedly connected with an upper semicircle of the workpiece clamp 64, the bottom of the lower semicircle of the workpiece clamp 64 is fixed on the workbench 66, and the bottom of the workbench 66 is fixed in the middle of the lower upright post 67.
The die mounting holes of the die holder 76 are respectively provided with the water jacket 33, the reducing dies 34 are respectively arranged in the inner holes of the water jacket 33, and the outer end openings of the die mounting holes are fixedly provided with die press covers 34a for pressing the reducing dies 34 to avoid loosening.
The outer wall of the water jacket 33 is provided with a spiral groove 33a coiled along the cylindrical surface, cooling water advances along the spiral groove 33a to increase the cooling area and the circulation of the cooling water, and the annular grooves 33b at the two ends of the water jacket 33 are embedded with high-temperature-resistant fluororubber rings to realize sealing with the die holder 76. In particular, when the temperature of the part is high during hot extrusion, heat transfer to the reducing die 34 reduces the hardness and strength of the reducing die. The outer side of the die holder 76 is provided with cooling water inlet and outlet holes 76b which are communicated with the outer wall of the water jacket, and the cooling water is introduced into and discharged from the die holder once to cool the reducing die 34.
When extrusion of one station is completed, the main slide block 59 retracts, the workpiece 65 is pressed and fixed by the press slide block and the workpiece clamp 64, the workpiece 65 is separated from the reducing die 34, the die changing cylinder 50 pushes the die holder 76 to move, and extrusion is switched to a second extrusion station to perform extrusion of a second station. The station switching is realized by only pushing the die holder 76 to the pressure center of the hydraulic press slide block by the die changing cylinder 50. After all the processes are finished, the die holder 76 is returned to the rearmost end for the next batch of extrusion.
The upper limit pressing plate 77 and the lower limit pressing plate 78 are respectively installed on the upper side and the lower side of the opposite end faces of the two main sliding blocks 59, the front end and the rear end of the upper limit pressing plate 77 and the rear end of the lower limit pressing plate 78 are respectively provided with an L-shaped limit, the demoulding sliding blocks are prevented from being separated from the sliding block opening space, and meanwhile the limit pressing plates also play a role in pressing the demoulding sliding blocks.
Under the guidance of the clamping guide rod 61 and the guide sleeve thereof, the middle clamping cylinder 62 in the middle of the upper upright post 58 pushes the pressing slide block 63 to press the workpiece fixture 64, and in the whole four-station extrusion process, the workpiece 65 is pressed by the workpiece fixture 64 and is always kept still. Driven by the die changing cylinder 50, the die holder 76 moves back and forth to switch different stations, so that the working efficiency can be improved. The die-changing mechanism is particularly suitable for a multi-process extrusion process of which the pipe end needs to be heated, the temperature of an extruded part is kept high at one time, when next extrusion is carried out, the station of the die holder 76 can be quickly switched by only pushing the die-changing cylinder 50, the next extrusion is carried out, the efficiency is improved, repeated secondary heating is avoided, and the forming quality is improved.
As shown in fig. 5 and 6, the graphite spraying device matched with the hydraulic press comprises a graphite emulsion power tank and a spraying actuating mechanism. The graphite emulsion power tank comprises a tank body 7, a tank body base 12 is arranged at the bottom of the tank body 7, a detachable tank body top cover 5 covers the top of the tank body 7, a stirring speed reducer 2 is installed at the center of the tank body top cover 5, the output end of the stirring speed reducer 2 is connected with a stirring shaft 31 extending downwards along the axis of the tank body through a coupling 24, and blades 32 are arranged at the lower end of the stirring shaft 31. When the rotary seal is worn, only air leakage and graphite emulsion leakage cannot be caused, and the whole use is not influenced by small air leakage. If the speed reducer is arranged on the bottom plate 11 of the tank body, graphite is easy to leak from gaps under the pressure of compressed air at the upper part in the tank body after sealing failure, so that environmental pollution is caused.
Stirring motor 1 drives (mixing) shaft 31 through stirring speed reducer 2 and shaft coupling 24 and rotates, and (mixing) shaft 31 drives the paddle and stirs the graphite cream, prevents that the graphite cream deposit is dry.
The bottom of the stirring speed reducer 2 is supported on the flange seat 3, a bearing seat 25 is installed at the center of the tank top cover 5, a bearing 26 is installed in an inner cavity of the bearing seat 25, a lubricating joint 27 is arranged on the side wall of the bearing seat 25 and used for injecting oil to the bearing 26, a bearing gland 28 is installed at the lower end of the bearing seat 25, and a convex ring of the bearing gland 28 abuts against an outer ring of the bearing 26 to enable the bearing to obtain axial positioning. A rotary lip-shaped sealing ring 29 is arranged at the inner step of the bearing gland 28, a sealing gland 30 is arranged below the rotary lip-shaped sealing ring 29, and a rotary GREEN 30a and a rotary sealing ring 30b are embedded in the inner wall of the sealing gland 30 to realize sealing with the stirring shaft 31.
The tank top cover 5 is provided with an air inlet quick connector 13 which is connected with compressed air to pressurize the graphite emulsion in the tank to 0.6-0.8MPa. Still install manometer 4 on jar body top cap 5, can show the atmospheric pressure in jar body 7, exert pressure to jar interior graphite cream and can realize long distance graphite cream and carry, increase the ability that flows of graphite cream. The graphite emulsion is viscous, and if the graphite emulsion depends on the siphonage, the pipeline cannot be too long and cannot be bent too much, and the graphite emulsion is not easy to spray out and block in the pipeline.
The tank body top cover 5 is further provided with a feeding hole, the feeding hole is covered with a feeding hole sealing cover 18, a jacking screw 14 is pressed at the top of the feeding hole sealing cover 18, the jacking screw 14 is screwed in a screw hole of a pressing rod 17, one end of the pressing rod 17 is hinged on a pressing rod support lug 20 through a hinge shaft 19, the other end of the pressing rod 17 is locked at the upper end of a pin boss 16 through a bolt 15, and the pressing rod support lug 20 and the pin boss 16 are respectively welded on the tank body top cover 5. The feeding hole sealing cover 18 is compressed by adopting a lever principle, and the feeding hole sealing cover 18 adopts end face sealing, so that the feeding hole sealing cover is more convenient to disassemble and assemble than radial sealing.
The upper portion lateral wall of jar body 7 is connected with bleeder ball valve 6 and intake ball valve 21, and bleeder ball valve 6 is used for releasing jar compressed air, can be used to overhaul or reinforced. The outer end of the water inlet ball valve 21 is connected with tap water, and the inner end of the water inlet ball valve 21 connected with the pipe is provided with an atomizing nozzle 22; the function of the cleaning device is two, firstly, the tank can be cleaned through the water inlet ball valve 21, and the water mist sprayed by the atomizing nozzle 22 is similar to a shower head and can clean the wall of the tank. Secondly, the graphite emulsion is diluted by water, and the bought finished product of the forged graphite emulsion is thick and can be used only by adding water for dilution.
The side wall of the lower part of the tank body 7 is provided with two or more discharge ports, each discharge port is connected with a graphite outlet ball valve 9, the outlet of the graphite outlet ball valve 9 is provided with a tee joint, and the horizontal outlet of the tee joint is connected with a graphite pipe 47 for discharging graphite; the downward outlet of the three-way valve is connected with a flushing ball valve 10, and the main function is to connect tap water to flush a graphite pipe 47. Because the graphite emulsion deposits easily, and the evaporation of water is dry stiffening easily, blocks up positions such as pipeline, spray gun, joint, valve and is difficult to the clearance, generally is used for carrying out the water washing to graphite spraying pipeline when the shut down of next shift, opens and washes ball valve 10, closes graphite outlet ball valve 9, and tap water pressure gets into graphite pipe 47 and flows out from the spray gun, carries out the manual pipeline that washes, and continuous trial production and short-term shut down need not wash.
Still insert the principle that the hose connection transparent hose utilized the linker through the right angle soon on the jar wall and form level gauge 8, can show the graphite breast volume in the power jar through the position of graphite breast in the hose, remind reinforced.
The discharge valve 23 is installed at the bottom of the tank body 7 and used for discharging excess materials stored in the tank, and the outlet of the discharge valve 23 is connected with a hose quick-connection connector which can be connected with a hose to discharge the excess materials into a container. The upper water inlet ball valve can be opened for cleaning the graphite tank, and compressed air can be introduced at the same time, so that the cleaning effect is better.
The two groups of reducing dies 34 are opposite and are respectively provided with a set of spraying actuating mechanism, and the spraying actuating mechanisms are arranged on the inner stop of the upright post 58 at the top of the hydraulic press. The muzzle of the respective graphite lance 45 is directed towards the large bore end of the respective reducing die 34.
As shown in fig. 7 and 8, the spray actuator is divided into a vertical moving part and a horizontal moving part. The spraying actuating mechanism comprises a vertical movement mechanism and a horizontal movement mechanism, the vertical movement mechanism comprises a vertical fixing support 35, vertical air cylinders 36, a vertical guide rod 37, a vertical guide sleeve 38 and a tray 39, the two vertical air cylinders 36 are respectively fixed on the vertical fixing support 35 through screw rods 36a, the front end and the rear end of each vertical fixing support 35 are respectively fixed between the two upper upright posts 58, and the two trays 39 are respectively connected to the lower end of a piston rod of each vertical air cylinder 36 and are positioned on the rear side of a pressure central line of the hydraulic machine.
The pair of vertical guide rods 37 are symmetrically positioned at two sides of the vertical cylinder 36, the middle sections of the vertical guide rods 37 are respectively inserted into the vertical guide sleeves 38, the two vertical guide sleeves 38 are respectively fixed on the vertical fixing bracket 35, and the lower ends of the two vertical guide rods 37 are respectively connected with the tray 39.
The tray 39 is hollow, reducing the weight of the moving parts. The overall structure is bucket-shaped, the top of the vertical wall is provided with a tray connecting plate, the tray connecting plate is provided with three mounting holes, one hole in the middle is used for connecting a piston rod of the vertical cylinder 36, and two holes beside are used for connecting the vertical guide rod 37.
The lifting motion of the tray 39 is driven by the vertical cylinder 36, the lower cavity of the vertical cylinder 36 is provided with a check valve to prevent the device from sliding down due to air leakage, and the air inlet and outlet of the vertical cylinder 36 are connected with an exhaust speed regulating valve for regulating the motion speed of the cylinder.
The vertical cylinder 36 moves up and down and is guided by a vertical guide rod 37 and a vertical guide sleeve 38, and the guide sleeve is provided with a lubricating oil cup, a guide belt and a dust ring.
The horizontal movement mechanism comprises a horizontal cylinder 40 and a horizontal movement support 41, the horizontal cylinder 40 is respectively fixed below the tray 39 through a spray gun mounting block 46, the vertical wall of the horizontal movement support 41 is respectively connected with the free end of the piston rod of the horizontal cylinder 40, horizontal guide rods 44 are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the horizontal cylinder 40, the free ends of the two horizontal guide rods 44 are respectively connected with the vertical wall of the horizontal movement support 41, the middle sections of the two horizontal guide rods 44 are respectively positioned in the horizontal guide sleeves 42, the two horizontal guide sleeves 42 are respectively fixed below the tray 39 through horizontal guide sleeve mounting seats 43, a graphite spray gun 45 is fixed at the bottom of the horizontal movement support 41, and the muzzles of the graphite spray gun 45 respectively point to the center of the large hole end of the reducing mold 34.
The graphite spray gun 45 is provided with two pipelines, one is communicated with compressed air and the other is connected with the graphite emulsion, the pipe orifice of the graphite spray gun 45 is respectively connected with a graphite pipe 47 and an air pipe 48, and one side connected with the graphite emulsion is provided with an adjusting screw which can adjust the flow. The angle seat valve 49 is fixed on the tray 39 to control the on-off of the graphite pipe 47, the opening of the angle seat valve 49 is controlled by the ventilation of the pneumatic electromagnetic valve, the angle seat valve 49 is not easy to block and can be used for flowing fluid medium, and each pneumatic electromagnetic valve is also fixed on the tray 39. The solenoid valve and the angle seat valve 49 which control the graphite spraying are arranged on the tray 39, so that the pipelines between the control valve and the spray gun can be reduced, the pipeline is prevented from being too long, excessive graphite emulsion is reserved in the pipeline, and the pipeline flows out and drips when the pipeline does not work.
The horizontal movement of the graphite spray gun 45 is driven by the horizontal cylinder 40, a piston rod of the horizontal cylinder 40 extends out to push the horizontal movement bracket 41 to translate, and the translation direction is ensured to be accurate by the guidance of the horizontal guide rod 44 and the horizontal guide sleeve 42. Two graphite spray guns 45 are symmetrically arranged at the bottom of the horizontal movement support 41, the horizontal movement support 41 drives the two graphite spray guns 45 to horizontally move, and gun mouths of the two graphite spray guns 45 are correspondingly inserted into a large-hole port of the reducing mold 34 for graphite spraying. The stroke control of the cylinder depends on the detection of a magnetic switch attached to the cylinder, the spraying time is controlled by controlling the on-off time of the electromagnetic valve, and meanwhile, the needle-shaped throttle valve ZF1 is connected to the ball valve of the graphite milk outlet to adjust the flow.
The air pipe 48 and the graphite pipe 47 are independently connected into the spraying actuating mechanism, and the air pipe 48 and the graphite pipe 47 connected into the actuating mechanism need to move along with the vertical movement of the vertical cylinder 36 and are tensioned by a tensioning mechanism. The tensioning mechanism comprises two tensioning brackets 51, the bottoms of the two tensioning brackets 51 are respectively fixed on a transverse plate, and the front end and the rear end of the transverse plate are respectively fixed between the two upright posts 58. Vertical elongated slots 51a are symmetrically arranged on the two tight supports 51, a movable pulley shaft 52a capable of floating up and down is inserted between the two vertical elongated slots 51a, a movable pulley 52 is installed at the middle section of the movable pulley shaft 52a, a U-shaped support 53 is suspended on the movable pulley shaft 52a, and a balancing weight 54 is suspended at the center of the bottom of the U-shaped support 53; the upper protruding part of the tensioning bracket 51 is provided with a fixed pulley 55, the fixed pulley 55 and the movable pulley 52 are respectively provided with two grooves for embedding the air pipe 48 and the graphite pipe 47, and two hoses pass around the movable pulley 52 and the fixed pulley 55 respectively in an S shape.
When the vertical cylinder 36 drives the tray 39 to move up and down, the lengths of the air pipe 48 and the graphite pipe 47 change, and at this time, the movable pulley shaft 52a can float up and down along the vertical long groove 51a of the tensioning bracket 51 to store or release the hose. The roller of the pulley is provided with two grooves which are respectively used for clamping the air pipe 48 and the graphite pipe 47 so that the two hoses do not fall off in the moving process. Be equipped with antifriction bearing in the gyro wheel and reduce gyro wheel running resistance, fasten the bearing through the gland.
Tray 39 offset one side installation, two graphite spray guns 45 just aim at two undergauge mould holes of press after descending, before carrying out the extrusion, carry out the spraying graphite breast to bimodulus hole, the spraying can carry out a lot of extrudations once.
As shown in fig. 9, a pneumatic triple piece is installed in the air source pipeline of the compressed air, and an outlet of the pneumatic triple piece is connected with the first three-position five-way solenoid valve, the second two-position five-way solenoid valve and the P port of the two-position three-way solenoid valve.
A port A of the first three-position five-way electromagnetic valve is connected with a rodless cavity of the vertical cylinder 36 through a first speed regulating valve, a port B of the first three-position five-way electromagnetic valve is connected with a port P of a two-position four-way check valve D1 through a second speed regulating valve, and a port A of the two-position four-way check valve D1 is connected with a rod cavity of the vertical cylinder 36;
the port A of the three-position five-way electromagnetic valve II is connected with the rodless cavity of the horizontal cylinder 40 through a speed regulating valve III, and the port B of the three-position five-way electromagnetic valve II is connected with the rod cavity of the horizontal cylinder 40 through a speed regulating valve IV 4;
the port A and the port B of the two-position five-way electromagnetic valve respectively control the on-off of the angle seat valve 49, a graphite pipe is connected with the port P of the angle seat valve 49, and the port A of the angle seat valve 49 is connected with the graphite interfaces of the two graphite spray guns 45 through spring pipes respectively;
the port A of the two-position three-way electromagnetic valve is connected with the compressed air ports of the two graphite spray guns 45 through a spring pipe, and the angle seat valve 49, the three-position two-way electromagnetic valve, the two-position two-way electromagnetic valve and the two-position three-way electromagnetic valve are all fixed on the tray.
SMC solenoid valves can be selected as all the solenoid valves, and the first three-position five-way solenoid valve and the second three-position five-way solenoid valve are both of a middle sealing plate type, and a SY7320-5DZ-02 type can be selected; the two-position five-way electromagnetic valve is of a two-position single-electric control type, the angle seat valve 49 can be of a 2JW15015Q50G type, and the speed regulating valve can be of an AS2201FSG-02-10SA exhaust throttling type.
In the initial state, the graphite spraying mechanism is retracted into the neutral position of the upper upright 58, the die holder 76 is located at the rear station, and the intermediate clamping slide 63 is at the upper limit position.
The invention discloses a four-station automatic forging method, which sequentially comprises the following steps:
s1, a die holder 76 is positioned at the rear side of the hydraulic machine, a reducing die 34 at the front side is positioned on a pressure central line, a left coil Y1 of a three-position five-way electromagnetic valve I is electrified, a port P is communicated with a port A, a port B is communicated with an exhaust port, and compressed air enters an upper cavity of a vertical cylinder 36 through a speed regulating valve I J1; meanwhile, compressed air enters a Z port of the two-position four-way check valve D1 to enable a port A and a port P of the two-position four-way check valve D1 to be conducted in a two-way mode, a lower cavity of the vertical air cylinder 36 exhausts air through a second speed regulating valve J2 and a port B of the first three-position five-way electromagnetic valve, piston rods of the vertical air cylinder 36 extend out to respectively drive the trays to descend, and the two groups of graphite spray guns 45 are respectively aligned to large hole ports of the corresponding reducing dies 34.
S2, a left coil Y5 of the three-position five-way electromagnetic valve II is electrified, a port P is communicated with a port A, a port B is communicated with an exhaust port, and compressed air enters a rodless cavity of the horizontal cylinder 40 through a speed regulating valve III J3; the rod cavity of the horizontal cylinder 40 exhausts through the four J4 speed regulating valves and the port B of the three-position five-way electromagnetic valve II, the piston rod of the horizontal cylinder 40 extends out to respectively drive the two groups of graphite spray guns 45 to be close to the reducing mold 34, the coil of the two-position three-way electromagnetic valve Y4 is electrified, the port P is communicated with the port A, and compressed air enters the two groups of graphite spray guns 45 to enable the gun ports to blow air in advance.
S3, energizing a coil of the two-position five-way electromagnetic valve Y3, communicating a port P with a port A, communicating a port B with an exhaust port, opening the angle seat valve 49 when compressed air enters a right control port of the angle seat valve 49, and enabling pressure graphite emulsion in the graphite emulsion power tank to enter the graphite spray gun 45; because the graphite is ventilated and then is atomized by the compressed air blown in advance after the graphite channel is opened, the phenomenon of graphite jet flow caused by the fact that the graphite milk is firstly ventilated and then the compressed air is ventilated is avoided. Under the dual action of the high-pressure gas and the graphite emulsion, the graphite is blown away and atomized, and the two groups of graphite spray guns 45 synchronously spray the graphite into the reducing dies 34.
S4, after the graphite spraying time reaches a set time, the coil of the two-position five-way electromagnetic valve Y3 is powered off, the port P is communicated with the port B, the port A is communicated with an exhaust port, compressed air enters a left control port of the angle seat valve 49 to close the angle seat valve 49, and the graphite spraying is stopped; meanwhile, a right coil Y6 of the three-position five-way electromagnetic valve II is electrified, a port P is communicated with a port B, a port A is communicated with an exhaust port, and compressed air enters a rod cavity of the horizontal cylinder 40 through a four J4 speed regulating valve; the rodless cavity of the horizontal cylinder 40 exhausts air through the third J3 speed regulating valve and the opening A of the three-position five-way electromagnetic valve II, the piston rod of the horizontal cylinder 40 retracts, the two groups of graphite spray guns 45 are respectively pulled to withdraw, and the gun openings of the two groups of graphite spray guns 45 continue to blow air in the process; the graphite emulsion in the graphite spray gun 45 is brought out and blown clean through the siphon action of gas, so that the phenomenon that the residual graphite emulsion is dried and blocks the small holes of the spray gun when the machine is stopped for too long time is avoided.
S5, the coil of the two-position three-way electromagnetic valve Y4 is powered off, the port A is communicated with the port R, and the two groups of graphite spray guns 45 stop blowing air; a right coil Y2 of the three-position five-way electromagnetic valve I is electrified, a port P is communicated with a port B, and a port A is communicated with an exhaust port; meanwhile, the port Z of the two-position four-way check valve D1 loses pressure, the port P is communicated towards the port A in a one-way mode, and compressed air enters a lower cavity of the vertical cylinder 36 through the second speed regulating valve J2; the upper cavity of the vertical cylinder 36 exhausts air through the first speed regulating valve J1 and the A port of the first three-position five-way electromagnetic valve, the piston rod of the vertical cylinder 36 retracts, and the tray is lifted upwards and reset. The two-position four-way check valve D1 is communicated in one direction, so that the vertical mechanism can be prevented from sliding down due to the fact that the electromagnetic valve leaks, and the weight of the vertical mechanism can be supported.
S6, the workpiece 65 with two heated ends is placed in the lower semicircle of the workpiece clamp 64 by the manipulator;
s7, the manipulator withdraws, the middle clamping cylinder 62 drives the pressing slide block 63 to move downwards, and the upper half circle and the lower half circle of the workpiece clamp 64 surround and press the workpiece 65;
s8, synchronously driving the main slide block 59 to fast advance by the two main cylinders 57, and synchronously sleeving the front reducing die 34 on the pressure center line into two ends of a workpiece 65;
s9, synchronously pressurizing the two main cylinders 57, and extruding the two ends of the workpiece 65 by the tapered holes of the front reducing die 34 to realize primary reducing;
s10, synchronously relieving pressure of the two main cylinders 57;
s11, the two main cylinders 57 pull the main sliding block 59 to retract synchronously;
s12, the die changing cylinder 50 drives the die holder 76 to move forwards, and the reducing die 34 on the rear side reaches the pressure central line of the hydraulic machine and stops;
s14, synchronously pressurizing the two main cylinders 57, and extruding the two ends of the workpiece 65 by the tapered holes of the rear reducing die 34 to realize secondary reducing;
s15, synchronously relieving pressure of the two main cylinders 57;
s16, the two main cylinders 57 pull the main sliding block 59 to synchronously retract, and then the die changing cylinder 50 pulls the die holder 76 to reset backwards;
s17, the middle clamping cylinder 62 drives the pressing sliding block 63 to return upwards, and the upper half circle of the workpiece clamp 64 is separated from the workpiece 65;
s18, the robot takes out the workpiece 65, and then returns to step S1 to enter the next cycle.
The foregoing is considered as illustrative only of the preferred embodiments of the invention, and the principles, essential features and advantages of the invention have been shown and described, rather than as limitations on the scope of the invention, as those skilled in the art will recognize. In addition to the embodiments described above, other embodiments of the invention are possible without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. The invention also comprises various changes and modifications, and all technical solutions formed by equivalent substitutions or equivalent transformations fall within the protection scope of the claims of the invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof. The technical features of the invention which are not described can be realized by or by using the prior art, and are not described in detail herein.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides a quadruplex position horizontal forging hydraulic press, is including connecting the crossbeam at last stand and lower stand both ends, and the main cylinder is installed respectively at the middle part of crossbeam, and the plunger of two main cylinders links to each other its characterized in that with the drive end of main slider respectively: the working end face of the main sliding block is respectively provided with an opening and is embedded with a die holder capable of translating back and forth, the two die holders are provided with two die mounting holes side by side along the front and back direction, reducing dies are respectively mounted in the four die mounting holes, and each reducing die is respectively matched with a graphite spray gun;
the middle part of the upper upright post is provided with a middle clamping cylinder, the lower end of a piston rod of the middle clamping cylinder is connected with a pressing sliding block, the upper semi-circle top of the workpiece clamp is fixedly connected with the lower end face of the pressing sliding block, the lower semi-circle of the workpiece clamp is fixed on the workbench through a clamp base, and the middle part of the lower upright post is fixed at the bottom of the workbench.
2. A four-station horizontal hydraulic forging press according to claim 1, wherein: the two graphite spray guns form a group and are fixed at the bottom of the horizontal moving bracket together and point to the center of the large hole end of the reducing mold respectively; the vertical wall of the horizontal motion support is respectively connected with the free end of a piston rod of a horizontal cylinder, horizontal guide rods are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the horizontal cylinder, the free ends of the two horizontal guide rods are also respectively connected with the vertical wall of the horizontal motion support, the middle sections of the two horizontal guide rods are respectively located in horizontal guide sleeves, the two horizontal guide sleeves are respectively fixed below corresponding trays, the horizontal cylinder is fixed on the corresponding tray, and the tray is located on the rear side of a pressure central line of the hydraulic machine;
the tray is fixedly connected to the lower end of a piston rod of a corresponding vertical cylinder, the two vertical cylinders are respectively fixed on the vertical fixing supports, and the front end and the rear end of each vertical fixing support are respectively fixed between the two upper stand columns; vertical guide rods are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the vertical cylinder, the middle sections of the vertical guide rods are respectively inserted into the vertical guide sleeves, the two vertical guide sleeves are respectively fixed on the vertical fixing support, and the lower ends of the two vertical guide rods are respectively connected with the tray.
3. A four-station horizontal hydraulic forging press according to claim 2, wherein: an outlet of the pneumatic triple piece is connected with a first three-position five-way electromagnetic valve, a second three-position five-way electromagnetic valve, a two-position five-way electromagnetic valve and a P port of the two-position three-way electromagnetic valve, an A port of the first three-position five-way electromagnetic valve is connected with a rodless cavity of the vertical cylinder through a first speed regulating valve, a B port of the first three-position five-way electromagnetic valve is connected with the P port of the two-position four-way check valve through a second speed regulating valve, and the A port of the two-position four-way check valve is connected with a rod cavity of the vertical cylinder;
the port A of the three-position five-way electromagnetic valve II is connected with the rodless cavity of the horizontal cylinder through a speed regulating valve III, and the port B of the three-position five-way electromagnetic valve II is connected with the rod cavity of the horizontal cylinder through a speed regulating valve IV;
the port A and the port B of the two-position five-way electromagnetic valve respectively control the on-off of the angle seat valve, the graphite pipe is connected with the port P of the angle seat valve, and the port A of the angle seat valve is connected with the graphite interfaces of the two graphite spray guns through the spring pipe respectively;
and the A port of the two-position three-way electromagnetic valve is connected with compressed air ports of the two graphite spray guns through a spring pipe, and the angle seat valve, the two-position two-way electromagnetic valve and the two-position three-way electromagnetic valve are all fixed on the tray.
4. A four-station horizontal hydraulic forging press according to claim 2, wherein: the gas pipe and the graphite pipe which are lifted along with the tray are flexible pipes and are tensioned by a tensioning mechanism, the tensioning mechanism comprises two tight supports, the bottoms of the two tight supports are respectively fixed on transverse plates, and the front end and the rear end of each transverse plate are respectively fixed between two upper stand columns; vertical long grooves are symmetrically arranged on the two tensioning supports, movable pulley shafts capable of floating up and down are respectively inserted between the two vertical long grooves, movable pulleys are respectively arranged at the middle sections of the two movable pulley shafts, U-shaped supports are respectively suspended on the two movable pulley shafts, and balancing weights are respectively suspended at the centers of the bottoms of the U-shaped supports; the fixed pulleys are respectively arranged on the protruding parts above the two tensioning supports, and the air pipe and the graphite pipe respectively pass around the movable pulley and the fixed pulleys in an S shape.
5. The four-station horizontal hydraulic forging press of claim 1, wherein: the graphite of the graphite spray gun is provided by a graphite emulsion power tank, a detachable tank body top cover covers the top of the tank body of the graphite emulsion power tank, a stirring speed reducer is installed in the center of the tank body top cover, the output end of the stirring speed reducer is connected with a stirring shaft, and the lower end of the stirring shaft is provided with a blade; the top cover of the tank body is provided with a feeding hole and a quick air inlet connector, a feeding hole sealing cover covers the feeding hole, the side wall of the upper part of the tank body is connected with an air release ball valve and a water inlet ball valve, and the inner end of a connecting pipe of the water inlet ball valve is provided with an atomizing nozzle; the lower part lateral wall of the jar body is connected with graphite outlet ball valve, the export of graphite outlet ball valve with the entry of graphite pipe and the export of washing the ball valve link to each other, the entry of washing the ball valve links to each other with the clear water pipe.
6. A four-station horizontal hydraulic forging press according to claim 1, wherein: the lower parts of the two die holders and the main sliding block are respectively guided by guide flat keys extending along the front and back directions; the die holder is characterized in that die holder support lugs are respectively arranged at the top of the die holder and are respectively hinged with the free end of a piston rod of the die changing cylinder, the die changing cylinder extends in the front-back direction, and the bottom of the die changing cylinder is fixed on the corresponding main sliding block.
7. The four-station horizontal hydraulic forging press of claim 1, wherein: a pair of slider rollers are respectively installed below the front side and the rear side of the main slider, the slider rollers are respectively supported on roller guide rails, and the roller guide rails are fixed to the tops of the lower stand columns.
8. A four-station horizontal hydraulic forging press according to claim 1, wherein: the die mounting holes of the die holder are respectively provided with a water jacket, the reducing dies are respectively arranged in inner holes of the water jackets, and the outer side of the die holder is provided with a cooling water inlet and outlet hole communicated with the outer wall of the water jacket; the outer wall of the water jacket is provided with a spiral groove coiled along the cylindrical surface, and the two ends of the water jacket and the die holder are sealed through a high-temperature-resistant fluororubber ring.
9. A four-station horizontal hydraulic forging press according to claim 1, wherein: a pressure bearing base plate is arranged between the rear side of the die holder and the main sliding block, the upper side and the lower side of the front end face of the main sliding block are respectively provided with a limiting pressing plate, and the front end and the rear end of each limiting pressing plate are respectively provided with an L-shaped limiting; and four corners of the pressing slide block are respectively provided with a clamping guide rod, each clamping guide rod respectively penetrates through a corresponding guide sleeve of the clamping bracket, and the clamping bracket is respectively fixed between the front upright post and the rear upright post.
10. A four-station automatic forging method using the four-station horizontal hydraulic forging press as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising the steps of, in order:
s1, a die holder is positioned on the rear side of a hydraulic machine, a reducing die on the front side is positioned on a pressure central line, and a vertical cylinder respectively drives a tray to descend so that two groups of graphite spray guns respectively align to large-hole ports of the corresponding reducing dies;
s2, extending out a piston rod of the horizontal cylinder, respectively driving two groups of graphite spray guns to be close to the reducing mold, and blowing air in advance at a gun mouth;
s3, synchronously spraying graphite into the reducing molds by the two groups of graphite spray guns;
s4, stopping graphite spraying, retracting a piston rod of the horizontal cylinder, respectively pulling the two groups of graphite spray guns to withdraw, and continuously blowing air at a gun mouth;
s5, stopping blowing air by the two groups of graphite spray guns, and respectively driving the tray to rise and reset by the vertical air cylinder;
s6, placing the workpieces with the two heated ends in the lower semi-circle of the workpiece clamp by the manipulator;
s7, the manipulator is withdrawn, the middle clamping cylinder drives the pressing sliding block to move downwards, and the upper semicircle and the lower semicircle of the workpiece clamp surround and press the workpiece;
s8, synchronously driving the main slide block to fast forward by the two main cylinders, and synchronously sleeving the front reducing die on the pressure center line into two ends of the workpiece;
s9, synchronously pressurizing the two main cylinders, and extruding the two ends of the workpiece by the tapered holes of the front reducing die to realize primary reducing;
s10, synchronously decompressing the two master cylinders;
s11, pulling the main sliding block to synchronously retract by the two main cylinders;
s12, driving the die holder to move forward by the die changing cylinder, and stopping when the reducing die on the rear side reaches the pressure central line of the hydraulic machine;
s13, synchronously driving the main sliding block to fast advance by the two main cylinders, and synchronously sleeving the rear side reducing die on the pressure center line into two ends of the workpiece;
s14, synchronously pressurizing the two main cylinders, and extruding the two ends of the workpiece by the tapered holes of the rear reducing die to realize secondary reducing;
s15, synchronously decompressing the two master cylinders;
s16, the two main cylinders pull the main sliding block to synchronously return, and then the die changing cylinder pulls the die holder to reset backwards;
s17, the middle clamping cylinder drives the pressing sliding block to return upwards, and the upper semicircle of the workpiece clamp is separated from the workpiece;
and S18, taking out the workpiece by the manipulator.
CN202310074379.XA 2023-01-31 2023-01-31 Four-station horizontal forging hydraulic press and four-station automatic forging method Pending CN115971383A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117798652A (en) * 2024-02-28 2024-04-02 辽源飞跃工模具有限公司 Equipment and method for assembling die

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117798652A (en) * 2024-02-28 2024-04-02 辽源飞跃工模具有限公司 Equipment and method for assembling die
CN117798652B (en) * 2024-02-28 2024-05-03 辽源飞跃工模具有限公司 Equipment and method for assembling die

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