CN115968419A - 具有抑制有色反射的功能层的玻璃板 - Google Patents

具有抑制有色反射的功能层的玻璃板 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115968419A
CN115968419A CN202280003723.XA CN202280003723A CN115968419A CN 115968419 A CN115968419 A CN 115968419A CN 202280003723 A CN202280003723 A CN 202280003723A CN 115968419 A CN115968419 A CN 115968419A
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China
Prior art keywords
glass pane
functional layer
conductive coating
glass
pane
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Pending
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CN202280003723.XA
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English (en)
Inventor
S·穆拉杰
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Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
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Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
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Publication of CN115968419A publication Critical patent/CN115968419A/zh
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Abstract

本发明涉及玻璃板(1),其特别被设置用于将内部空间(7)与外部环境(8)分开,所述玻璃板包括:‑外玻璃板(2)和内玻璃板(3),其中内玻璃板(3)具有背对外玻璃板(2)的内表面(IV),外玻璃板(2)具有背对内玻璃板(3)的外表面(I),‑导电涂层(5),和‑功能层(6),其具有偏振过滤性能并且布置在外玻璃板(2)和内玻璃板(3)之间,其中将导电涂层(5)施加到外玻璃板(2)或内玻璃板(3)的表面之一上,并且功能层(6)在透过玻璃板(1)透视时与导电涂层(5)重叠,以使得与功能层(6)重叠并且当功能层(6)布置在内玻璃板(3)和导电涂层(5)之间时施加在内玻璃板(3)的内表面(IV)上或当功能层(6)布置在外玻璃板(2)和导电涂层(5)之间时施加在外玻璃板(2)的外表面(I)上的水对于观察者而言在大于或等于35°的观察角α下被感知为具有L*a*b*颜色空间的a*和b*值不大于绝对值5的颜色。

Description

具有抑制有色反射的功能层的玻璃板
本发明涉及具有功能层的玻璃板、其生产方法及其用途。
机动车的玻璃板通常配备有导电结构,通过这些导电结构例如实现反射、加热或天线功能。在由玻璃制成的玻璃板的情况下,这种导电结构可以例如以含金属糊剂的形式作为加热或反射涂层印刷到玻璃板表面上,并部分烧制。或者,可以例如通过物理气相沉积(PVD)或化学气相沉积(CVD)施加这样的涂层。
这些涂层通常是透明的导电涂层,其尤其是基于银形成。这种导电涂层可以用作具有红外范围反射性能的涂层或用作可加热涂层。例如,WO 03/024155 A2公开了具有两个银子层的导电涂层。
用于反射光的导电涂层改变玻璃板至少对部分太阳光谱的透射/吸收范围。特别地,通常需要对红外范围内的光进行高反射。当玻璃板被安装为建筑物的外部装配玻璃或汽车、火车、飞机等类型的交通工具的窗户时,由此使得可以控制阳光输入到房间或运载工具内部空间/车厢中。由此防止在强烈的阳光辐射下过度升温。
然而,这些涂层与玻璃板组合时通常具有在特定的观察角度下引起反射着色的缺点。US 2014/0087101 A1公开了在具有多个层的玻璃板上的涂层,其中这些层之一在光被反射时中和该着色。该层基于氧化硅形成。WO 2011/161110 A1公开了玻璃板,其中通过可电控的功能元件在光被反射时可中和颜色。功能元件通过电化学反应更换其状态,该电化学反应可以通过施加电压来选择性地设置。
当配备有导电涂层的玻璃板被水,特别是水滴润湿时,可能出现进一步的光学问题。在这些情况下,在特定观察角度下,水或水滴可能出现强烈的颜色印象。例如对于观察者而言,看起来好像将红色水滴施加到玻璃板上。这种微红色的颜色印象可以归因于导电层上的二向色效应,其造成偏振、波长和角度相关的吸收效应。由此产生的颜色印象代表光学缺陷,其尤其适用于这些玻璃板被设置用作与外部环境接触或用于潮湿环境中的透视玻璃板的情况。
该问题的解决方案是减小玻璃板上的涂层的层厚度。对于较小的层厚度,由于二向色效应引起的变色较不明显。然而,这种可能性的缺点是辐射反射效果和涂层的比热功率降低。
WO 2005/017600 A1公开了具有光源和偏振滤光片的平视显示器,该偏振滤光片布置在光源照射的玻璃板平视显示器区域中。偏振滤光片对可见光具有反射性能,其中偏振滤光片对p偏振光的反射比s偏振光更强。
因此,本发明的目的是减少配备有导电涂层的玻璃板中的光学缺陷。光学缺陷在此是指由与玻璃板接触的水滴造成的颜色印象。
根据本发明,本发明的目的通过根据权利要求1的玻璃板来实现。优选实施方案从从属权利要求中得出。
根据本发明,描述了玻璃板,其特别被设置用于将内部空间与外部环境分开。所述玻璃板包括:
- 外玻璃板和内玻璃板,其中内玻璃板具有背对外玻璃板的内表面,外玻璃板具有背对内玻璃板的外表面,
- 导电涂层,和
- 功能层。
所述功能层具有偏振过滤性能。所述导电涂层施加到外玻璃板或内玻璃板的表面之一上,并且所述功能层布置在外玻璃板和内玻璃板之间。在此,所述功能层布置成使得其在透过玻璃板透视时与导电涂层重叠。该布置导致与功能层重叠并且当功能层布置在内玻璃板和导电涂层之间时施加在内玻璃板的内表面上的水对于观察者而言在大于或等于35°的观察角α下被感知为具有L*a*b*颜色空间的a*和b*值不大于绝对值5的颜色。替代地,这同样适用于当功能层布置在外玻璃板和导电涂层之间时施加在外玻璃板的外表面上的水。
由根据本发明的玻璃板实现的改进的有色印象出现在大于或等于35°的观察角度下。对于大于或等于40°,特别优选大于或等于45°,尤其是大于或等于50°的观察角度α,优选实现特别低的a*和b*值。观察角度α是观察者看向根据本发明的玻璃板的外玻璃板的外表面或内玻璃板的内表面的角度。观察角度α基于玻璃板表面平面的法线,即垂直于玻璃板表面平面布置的轴进行测量。0°的观察角度α相应地表示看向玻璃板的外表面之一的垂直视线。 90°的观察角度α相应地表示沿玻璃板的外表面之一的水平视线。
当元件A与元件B重叠时,这意味着元件A在元件B平面上的正交投影完全布置在元件B内,或元件B在元件A平面上的正交投影完全布置在元件A内。换句话说,重叠意味着元件A在透过玻璃板透视时完全被元件B遮盖,或元件B在透过玻璃板透视时完全被元件A遮盖。元件A和元件B优选彼此全等或基本全等地布置。
在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,在透过玻璃板透视时,导电涂层完全遮盖功能层。例如当将导电涂层施加到内玻璃板上并且根据本发明将功能层布置在内玻璃板和外玻璃板之间时,则功能层对于透过玻璃板从内玻璃板朝外玻璃板的方向观察的观察者而言不可见。功能层对于观察者而言完全被导电层遮盖。特别地,功能层和导电涂层在透过玻璃板透视时彼此全等地布置。
符号a*和b*是L*a*b*颜色空间,即描述所有可感知的颜色的颜色模型的值。L*表示亮度值,可以具有0至100的值。a*表示绿色和红色之间的颜色种类和颜色强度,而b*表示蓝色和黄色之间的颜色种类和颜色强度。b*和a*的值越负或越正,色调越强烈。对于a*和b*接近0的值,存在相当非彩色,即中性的色调。为了确定对于观察者而言是否感知到颜色差异,可以使用Delta E (ΔE)。Delta E是两种颜色之间距离的量度,并阐明了两种颜色之间的差异是否可以感知。因此,它是与人类颜色感知特性有关的相对量度。Delta E总是基于应相互比较的两种颜色。Delta E通过计算a*、b* 和L*值之间的欧几里得距离来计算。计算公式如下:
L1 *、a1 *和b1 *是第一样品的L*a*b*值,L2 、a2 *和b2 *是第二样品的L*a*b*值。L*a*b*颜色空间及其含义是本领域技术人员已知的。
绝对值是实数与0的距离。这意味着,例如-5的绝对值是5,而5的绝对值也是5。
确定L*a*b*颜色空间(CIELAB)的a*、b*和L*值的常用测量方法为本领域技术人员所熟知。用于测定的常见测量设备例如是来自Konica Minolta Sensing Europe B.V.公司的Minolta CM508d光谱仪或来自tec5 AG公司的Tec5光谱仪。为了确定L*a*b*颜色空间的a*、b*和L*值,首先需要规定测量条件。例如,必须规定光类型(D50、D65、A或其它,参见DIN5033-7:2014-10)、标准观察者(2°或10°,参见DIN 5033-7:2014-10)、测量几何参数(定向或漫射照明,参见DIN 5033-7:2014-10)、测量模式(俯视中的反射或透视中的透射)、样品的测量点和测量次数。术语“标准观察者”被理解为是指在不同视野尺寸下的颜色正常视力人群的平均视力(DIN 5033-7:2014-10)。为了实现统一评估,国际照明委员会(CIE)规定了光谱评估函数。该评估函数描述了标准观察者如何感知颜色。该评估基于实验测定的人眼的长波、中波和短波视锥细胞的灵敏度曲线(另见 DIN 5033-1:2017-10)。
例如,为了测量样品,即根据本发明的玻璃板上的水滴,可以根据测量条件的规定以预定的角度照射。测量设备的检测器记录被样品反射的光。获得360 nm至830 nm的波长范围内的反射光的光谱强度。然后仅在与长波、中波和短波视锥细胞的灵敏度曲线之一重合的区域中对所得光谱进行积分。由此形成长波、中波和短波光分量的积分,然后将其根据DIN 6174:2007-10数学变换为L*a*b*颜色空间的a*、b*和L*值。应理解的是,为了测定根据本发明的a*、b*和L*值,检测器记录在相对于玻璃板而言的根据本发明的观察角度α下的反射光。在检测器和样品之间,即在反射光的光束路径中,可以布置线性偏振滤光片。样品被照射的角度相对于玻璃板表面而言可以为0°至90°,优选0°至80°(基于玻璃板表面平面的法线进行测量)。
在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,10°观察者用于评估以根据本发明测定a*、b*和L*值。优选使用标准光D65(约6500开尔文的平均日光)。测量模式优选是俯视中的反射,并且用漫射光照射玻璃板。检测器优选配备有线性偏振滤光片。
术语“外部环境”是指临时或持久暴露于天气影响的与玻璃板相邻的环境。因此,外部环境不完全,优选完全不被保护免受雨淋或太阳辐射。术语“内部空间”是指被保护免受外部天气影响的与玻璃板相邻的环境。因此,内部空间例如是运载工具内部空间或建筑物内部空间。
内玻璃板是指玻璃板的被设置为与内部空间相邻的单个透明基底。相应地,外玻璃板是指玻璃板的被设置为与外部环境相邻的单个透明基底。外玻璃板具有背对内玻璃板的外表面和面对内玻璃板的内表面。内玻璃板具有面对外玻璃板的外表面和背对外玻璃板的内表面。外玻璃板的外表面和内玻璃板的内表面是根据本发明的玻璃板的外表面。相应地,外玻璃板的内表面和内玻璃板的外表面是根据本发明的玻璃板的内表面。外玻璃板是根据本发明的玻璃板的被设置为通过外表面与外部环境相邻的部件。应理解的是,内玻璃板相应地是根据本发明的玻璃板的被设置为通过内表面与内部空间相邻的部件。
在透过玻璃板透视时,功能层与导电涂层重叠布置。由于这种布置,在含水雨水任选粘附在内玻璃板或外玻璃板上时出现水的较低颜色印象,即较低的a*和b*值。功能层过滤在导电涂层处反射的光,从而对于观察者而言产生在颜色方面略带灰蓝的印象(低a*和b*值,优选低于5绝对值)。代替例如强烈的红色、黄色、绿色或蓝色着色(及其混合物),施加在外玻璃板或内玻璃板上的水具有较弱强度并且对于观察者而言在视觉上几乎不显眼。技术优点只能对于外玻璃板或内玻璃板分别实现。为了中和由于二向色效应导致有色的外玻璃板的外表面上的水滴或水膜(即低a*和b*值),功能层必须布置在外玻璃板和导电涂层之间。如果应中和内玻璃板的内表面上的有色效应,功能层必须布置在导电涂层和内玻璃板之间。这也隐含地描述了在透过玻璃板直接透视时,在水滴和功能层之间不能布置进一步的导电涂层。任选存在于水滴和功能层之间的进一步的导电涂层因此不与所述功能层重叠。然而,这并不意味着在内玻璃板和外玻璃板上不能分别施加布置在不与功能层重叠的玻璃板区域中的一个或多个进一步的导电涂层。
在一个优选实施方案中,当根据本发明的导电涂层施加到内玻璃板上时,在外玻璃板上没有施加进一步的导电涂层。同样适用的是,当根据本发明的导电涂层施加到外玻璃板上时,在内玻璃板上没有施加进一步的导电涂层。特别地,在透过玻璃板透视时,在根据本发明颜色已被中和的水滴和功能层之间没有布置进一步的导电涂层。
施加到玻璃板上的水例如是指雨水、冷凝水、露水和各种其它液体,其由至少超过50%,优选至少超过90%,特别是100%的水组成。当水以液滴或膜的形式施加在玻璃板上时,本发明的效果特别有利。
在本发明的一个特别优选的实施方案中,外玻璃板和内玻璃板通过热塑性中间层以面形式相互接合。这意味着:热塑性中间层布置在外玻璃板和内玻璃板之间。这种玻璃板有利地用作运载工具玻璃板,优选挡风玻璃板或顶玻璃板。替代地,这种玻璃板也适合作为建筑物领域中的隔热装配玻璃或隔热装配玻璃的部件。
如果功能层“布置在外玻璃板和内玻璃板之间”,这在本发明的含义内意味着,功能层可以布置在热塑性中间层内、在外玻璃板的内表面上或在内玻璃板的外表面上。功能层也可以布置或施加在导电涂层上。功能层也可以施加在外玻璃板的内表面或内玻璃板的外表面上。功能层布置在热塑性中间层内是特别优选的,因为其也可以在施加导电涂层之后成本有利地布置。
在另一个特别优选的实施方案中,该玻璃板还包括在该玻璃板的边缘区域中布置在外玻璃板和内玻璃板之间的外周间隔件以及由该间隔件的内表面和外玻璃板和内玻璃板界定的玻璃板间隙。内玻璃板和外玻璃板通过密封剂与间隔件接合。这意味着在间隔件的侧壁和内玻璃板之间以及在另一侧壁和外玻璃板之间布置密封剂。内玻璃板和外玻璃板平行地,优选全等地布置。因此,外玻璃板和内玻璃板的边缘在边缘区域中齐平地布置,即它们处于相同的高度。这种玻璃板尤其适合于用作建筑物中的隔热装配玻璃。具有功能性性能的玻璃板在建筑物领域中也发挥重要作用。导电涂层例如用于热绝缘,即IR和/或UV辐射的反射。通过在此描述的变体可以消除或至少减少与粘附到玻璃板上的雨水相关联的由此产生的光学缺陷。
密封剂优选含有聚异丁烯。聚异丁烯可以是交联的或非交联的聚异丁烯。
外部玻璃板间隙优选地至少部分用第二密封剂填充。外部玻璃板间隙被定义为由第一玻璃板、第二玻璃板和间隔件的外表面界定的空间。第二密封剂有助于玻璃板的机械稳定性,并吸收作用于玻璃板的边缘粘合处的部分气候负荷。
间隔件的内表面是指更靠近玻璃板中点的表面,其中间隔件的外表面更远离中点布置。一个侧壁是布置在间隔件的内表面和外表面的左侧并且垂直于间隔件的内表面和外表面的表面。另一侧壁是布置在间隔件的内表面和外表面的右侧并且垂直于间隔件的内表面和外表面的表面。如果间隔件以框架形式环绕地沿着玻璃板的边缘区域布置,这意味着间隔件的内表面同时是框架的内侧表面。应理解的是,在这种情况下,间隔件的外表面也是框架的外侧表面。
第二密封剂优选包含聚合物或硅烷改性聚合物,特别优选有机多硫化物、硅酮、室温交联(RTV)硅酮橡胶、过氧化物交联硅酮橡胶和/或加成交联硅酮橡胶、聚氨酯和/或丁基橡胶。该密封剂具有特别好的稳定效果。
玻璃板间隙优选用惰性气体,特别优选用稀有气体,优选氩气或氪气填充,这降低内部玻璃板间隙中的传热值。
间隔件优选是中空的并且包括中空型材。中空型材优选基于一种或多种金属、合金或聚合物或它们的混合物构造。如也可用于本发明的合适间隔件例如从公开文献WO2019201530 A1和WO 2017174333 A1中已知。这些间隔件具有特别好的温度性能,因此在明显升温或冷却的情况下间隔件仅导致少的膨胀或收缩,甚至几乎没有膨胀或收缩。替代地,间隔件也可以是实心的,即内部不是中空的。实心间隔件优选基于聚氨酯或聚丙烯酸酯形成。
为了防止和/或减少水分渗入玻璃板间隙和间隔件中,干燥剂优选包含在间隔件中。例如,干燥剂可以嵌入间隔件的中空型材中,或在间隔件的制造过程中添加到间隔件的材料中。用于此类目的的典型使用的干燥剂是本领域技术人员已知的。这样的干燥剂优选是分子筛。
在本发明的另一个特别优选的实施方案中,将导电涂层施加到内玻璃板的内表面或外表面上,优选内玻璃板的外表面上。通过这种布置,尤其可实现以下优选的层堆叠体:
• 导电涂层/内玻璃板/热塑性中间层/功能层/外玻璃板
• 导电涂层/内玻璃板/功能层/热塑性中间层/外玻璃板
• 导电涂层/内玻璃板/热塑性中间层内的功能层/外玻璃板
• 内玻璃板/导电涂层/热塑性中间层/功能层/外玻璃板
• 内玻璃板/导电涂层/热塑性中间层内的功能层/外玻璃板
• 内玻璃板/导电涂层/功能层/热塑性中间层/外玻璃板
• 导电涂层/内玻璃板/玻璃板间隙和间隔件/功能层/外玻璃板
• 导电涂层/内玻璃板/功能层/玻璃板间隙和间隔件/外玻璃板
• 内玻璃板/导电涂层/玻璃板间隙和间隔件/功能层/外玻璃板
• 内玻璃板/导电涂层/功能层/玻璃板间隙和间隔件/外玻璃板。
通过将导电涂层施加到内玻璃板上,中和并减少位于外玻璃板的外表面上的水的颜色印象。由于天气相关的雨淋或其它外部因素,外玻璃板明显更可能受到位于外表面上的水的影响。出于这个原因,优选避免外玻璃板上的不美观颜色印象。然而,导电涂层也可以施加到内玻璃板的内表面或外表面上,由此可以避免内玻璃板上的不美观颜色印象。这特别适合于与具有高空气湿度的内部空间相邻的玻璃板,如例如在游泳池或温室中常见。
导电涂层优选地施加到外玻璃板的内表面或内玻璃板的外表面上。这具有更好地保护导电涂层免受外部影响的优点。此时,更好地保护导电涂层免受机械磨损和腐蚀。
在本发明的另一个特别的实施方案中,功能层被设计为膜并且布置在热塑性中间层内。这意味着,功能层在层压之前布置在两个热塑性层之间,所述两个热塑性层在层压之后形成热塑性中间层。替代地,功能层可以通过压力和热量优选在层压以形成根据本发明的玻璃板的过程中嵌入至少一个热塑性层中。功能层布置在热塑性中间层内导致层的固定。此外已经表明,布置在热塑性中间层内改进颜色中和。
然而,功能层也可以作为膜或涂层直接施加到外玻璃板、内玻璃板或导电涂层上。在这些情况下,作为膜的功能层的固定可以通过将功能层压入热塑性中间层中(优选在层压过程中)或通过施加到功能层的至少一面上的粘附层来实现。
功能层优选在透过玻璃板透视时与导电涂层全等地布置。由此确保变色被完全中和。然而,功能层也可以仅部分地与导电涂层重叠。功能层优选在玻璃板的整个表面上延伸。
在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,导电层在玻璃板的表面的至少50%,特别优选至少60%,非常特别优选至少80%,特别是至少90%上延伸。通过尽可能完全地涂覆玻璃板,实现对例如红外辐射和紫外辐射等辐射的均匀且有效的保护。
对于功能层,可使用常见的线性偏振滤光片,例如薄层偏振器、具有线性二向色材料如各向异性聚合物层、变形金属纳米颗粒的滤光片、或金属偏振器。
根据本发明的玻璃板的功能层优选被设计为聚合物延迟板的形式。L/2和L/4延迟板都以双折射塑料膜的形式市售。聚合物组件非常好地适配玻璃板的可能的三维弯曲,并且可以容易的方式和形式集成到玻璃板中。功能层优选被设计为具有偏振活性聚合物层的载体膜的形式。聚合物层可以例如通过增粘剂膜,例如胶粘剂固定在载体膜上。载体膜用于确保功能层的机械稳定性并简化偏振活性聚合物层在制造过程中的操作。
在本发明的一个非常特别优选的实施方案中,功能层是基于聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)的膜,其涂有基于PET和/或聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯(PEN)的共聚物层堆叠体。例如,在US 5882774 A中描述了具有偏振过滤性能的合适功能膜。
功能层优选包含至少一个基于PET、聚乙烯(PE)、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)、三乙酰纤维素(TAC)和/或聚碳酸酯和/或它们的共聚物或混合物的载体膜,特别优选基于对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)的载体膜。这些材料用作市售功能膜的载体膜材料并已被证明有利。
如果功能层被设计为膜,其优选具有10μm至200μm ,特别优选30μm至100μm ,特别是40μm至70μm的厚度。
在本发明的一个特别优选的实施方案中,功能层被设计为微结构化和/或纳米结构化涂层,其由于其结构化而具有偏振过滤性能。这种形式的功能层优选具有10nm至100nm的层厚度。涂层可以通过物理或化学气相沉积施加到外玻璃板的内表面或内玻璃板的外表面上。然后优选地通过涂层的激光处理制造涂层的必要的微结构化和/或纳米结构化。
替代地,功能层是模,并且微结构化和/或纳米结构化通过辊施加到该膜上。在此,该辊包括至少一个具有微米和/或纳米型材的辊。通过辊的滚动,将纳米和/或微结构化施加到功能层上。辊的型材因此在功能层上留下所需的微结构化和/或纳米结构化,由此在功能层中形成偏振过滤性能。
用于涂覆和结构化功能层的方法是本领域技术人员已知的。
功能层和/或导电涂层优选至少20%,特别优选至少30%,非常特别优选至少50%,特别是至少70%透明。
导电涂层优选是IR反射和/或吸收涂层、UV反射和/或吸收涂层、赋色涂层、具有低辐射率的涂层(所谓的低辐射涂层)、可加热涂层、具有天线功能的涂层、具有碎片结合作用的涂层(碎片结合涂层)和/或用于屏蔽电磁辐射,例如雷达辐射的涂层。在本发明的一个非常特别优选的实施方案中,导电涂层具有红外(IR)和/或紫外光反射性能。颜色中和效果特别地存在于反射IR或UV辐射的涂层中。UV辐射的反射在此意味着根据ISO 13837对UVA和UVB辐射的特别高反射。IR范围位于780 nm至1400 nm的波长范围内。
导电涂层通常包含一个或多个,例如两个、三个或四个导电功能层。这些层优选包含至少一种金属,例如银、金、铜、镍和/或铬或金属合金。这些层特别优选含有至少90重量%的金属,特别是至少99.9重量%的金属。这些层可以由金属或金属合金组成。层的厚度优选为5nm至50nm,特别优选8nm至25nm。在功能层的所述厚度范围内,实现在可见光谱范围内有利的高透射率和特别有利的电导率。优选分别在涂层的两个相邻功能层之间布置至少一个介电层。优选在第一功能层下方和/或最后一个功能层上方布置另一介电层。介电层包含至少一个由介电材料制成,例如包含氮化物诸如氮化硅或氧化物诸如氧化铝的单层。然而,介电层也可以包括多个单层,例如介电材料单层、平滑层、匹配层、阻挡层和/或抗反射层。介电层的厚度例如为10nm至200nm。
在玻璃板的另一个有利实施方案中,导电涂层包括至少一个银层或多个银层,优选至少三个含银层,特别优选至少四个含银层。这种银层具有特别有利的电导率以及同时在可见光谱范围内的高透射率。银层的厚度优选为5nm至50nm,特别优选8nm至25nm。在银层的所述厚度范围内,实现在可见光谱范围内有利的高透射率和特别有利的电导率。
该层结构通常通过由真空方法,例如磁场辅助阴极溅射进行的一系列沉积操作来获得。
其它合适的导电涂层优选包含透明导电氧化物(TCO),特别优选氧化铟锡(ITO)、氟掺杂的氧化锡(SnO2:F)或铝掺杂的氧化锌(ZnO:Al)。功能层优选具有8nm至25nm,特别优选13nm至19nm的层厚度。这对于导电涂层的透明度、颜色中性和面电阻而言是特别有利的。
在一个有利的实施方案中,导电涂层是总厚度小于或等于5μm,特别优选小于或等于2μm,非常特别优选小于或等于1μm,特别是小于或等于500nm的一个层或多个单层的层结构。
UV反射导电涂层包含氧化钛(TiOx),尤其是TiO2或优选由组成,优选具有1nm至100nm,特别优选5nm至50nm,尤其是10nm至30nm的厚度。
不管导电涂层的IR反射效果如何,导电涂层也可用于加热该玻璃板。为此,优选至少两个被设置用于连接到电压源的外部汇流排与导电涂层连接,以使得在汇流排之间形成用于加热电流的电流路径。通过借助导电涂层加热玻璃板,可以避免更能源密集和成本密集的加热变体,例如通常用于运载工具的挡风玻璃板的借助HVAC(加热、通风和空调)方法的加热。
热塑性中间层包含至少一种热塑性塑料,优选聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)、乙烯乙酸乙烯酯(EVA)和/或聚氨酯(PU)或其共聚物或衍生物,其任选与聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)组合,或由其组成。然而,热塑性中间层也可以是例如聚丙烯(PP)、聚丙烯酸酯、聚乙烯(PE)、聚碳酸酯(PC)、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚氯乙烯、聚乙酸酯树脂、浇注树脂、丙烯酸酯、氟化乙烯-丙烯、聚氟乙烯和/或乙烯-四氟乙烯,或其共聚物或混合物。
热塑性中间层优选由至少一个热塑性膜形成。因此,热塑性中间层可以由单个膜形成或由多于一个膜形成。热塑性中间层可以由一个或多个彼此叠置的热塑性膜形成,其中所述热塑性中间层的厚度在层堆叠体的层压之后优选为0.25mm至1mm,典型地为0.38mm或0.76mm。
热塑性中间层包含本领域技术人员已知的添加剂,例如增塑剂。热塑性膜优选包含至少一种增塑剂。增塑剂是使塑料更软质、更柔韧、更柔软和/或更有弹性的化合物。它们将塑料的热弹性范围转移到较低的温度,从而使塑料在使用温度范围内具有所需的更弹性性能。优选的增塑剂是羧酸酯,尤其是低挥发性羧酸酯、脂肪、油、软树脂和樟脑。
热塑性膜也可以是功能性热塑性膜,特别是具有声阻尼性能的膜、反射红外线辐射的膜、吸收红外线辐射的膜和/或吸收UV辐射的膜。例如,热塑性膜也可以是阻挡可见光窄带的带式滤光膜。
内玻璃板和/或外玻璃板包含玻璃,特别优选弯曲玻璃、平板玻璃、浮法玻璃、石英玻璃、硼硅酸盐玻璃、钠钙玻璃、铝硅酸盐玻璃或清澈塑料,优选刚性清澈塑料,尤其聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚碳酸酯、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚苯乙烯、聚酰胺、聚酯、聚氯乙烯和/或其混合物,或优选由其组成。
内玻璃板和/或外玻璃板可以具有本身已知的其它合适的涂层,例如抗反射涂层、不粘涂层、抗刮涂层、光催化涂层或防晒涂层或低辐射涂层。
单个玻璃板(内玻璃板和/或外玻璃板)的厚度可以宽泛地变化,并且适配各个情况的要求。优选使用具有0.5mm至50mm,优选1.0mm至16mm,特别是0.5至5mm的标准厚度的玻璃板。玻璃板的尺寸可以宽泛地变化,并取决于用途。
内玻璃板和/或外玻璃板可以局部地在外表面和/或内表面上具有黑色印刷物。该黑色印刷物优选包含至少一种颜料和玻璃料。其可以含有其它化合物。玻璃料可以部分或初始熔化,黑色印刷物由此持久地与玻璃表面接合(熔合或烧结)。颜料确保了黑色印刷物的不透明性。形成黑色印刷物的印刷油墨至少包含悬浮在液相(溶剂),例如水或有机溶剂如醇中的颜料和玻璃料。颜料通常是黑色颜料,例如颜料炭黑(炭黑)、苯胺黑、骨黑、氧化铁黑、尖晶石黑和/或石墨。黑色印刷物优选被设计为框架形式并且主要用作例如挡风玻璃板的组装胶粘剂的UV防护。框架状的黑色印刷物可以在传感器区域中朝着玻璃板中心的方向明显增大。
该玻璃板在优选在玻璃板表面的至少70%,特别优选至少80%,特别是至少90%上延伸的透视区域中是透明的。在本发明的意义上,“透明”是指玻璃板的总透射率符合建筑物或运载工具玻璃板的法律要求,并且对于可见光而言优选具有超过30%,特别是超过60%,例如超过70%的透射率(对于运载工具玻璃板而言根据ISO 9050(2003-08))。相应地,“不透明”是指小于15%,优选小于10%,特别优选小于5%,尤其是0%的透光率。可见光谱范围和可见光分别是位于400nm至800nm的波长范围内的范围和光线。
玻璃板可以具有任意三维形状。所述玻璃板和任选第二玻璃板优选地不具有阴影区,从而例如可以通过阴极溅射进行涂覆。优选地,所述玻璃板和任选第二玻璃板是平坦的或在空间的一个方向或多个方向上轻微或强烈弯曲的。
优选地,没有图像显示装置指向具有功能层的玻璃板区域。应理解的是,因此优选也没有图像从图像显示装置投影到具有功能层的玻璃板区域上。因此,该玻璃板优选地不是投影装置的组成部分。投影装置是指例如平视显示器,其中图像投影到运载工具玻璃板上并且投影的图像从运载工具玻璃板反射到运载工具内部空间。图像显示装置是指例如包括液晶(LCD)显示器、薄膜晶体管(TFT)显示器、发光二极管(LED)显示器、有机发光二极管(OLED)显示器、电致发光(EL)显示器等作为图像源的装置。
原则上,玻璃板的各种不同的几何形状是可行的,例如矩形、梯形和圆化的形状。为了制造圆形的几何形状,可以将任选布置的间隔件,例如在加热状态下进行弯曲。
此外,本发明延伸到包括根据本发明的玻璃板的运载工具玻璃板。
本发明还延伸到配备有根据本发明的运载工具玻璃板的运载工具,其中优选地,没有图像显示装置指向运载工具玻璃板,并且来自图像显示装置的图像没有通过根据本发明的运载工具玻璃板反射到运载工具内部空间。如果运载工具包括投影装置,根据本发明的运载工具玻璃板优选不是该投影装置的组成部分。
本发明还延伸到制造根据本发明的玻璃板的方法。该方法包括所示顺序的以下步骤:
a) 提供外玻璃板、内玻璃板和具有偏振过滤性能的功能层,
b) 将导电涂层施加到外玻璃板或内玻璃板的表面之一上,
c) 外玻璃板、内玻璃板和功能层布置成使得功能层布置在外玻璃板和内玻璃板之间并且功能层在透过玻璃板透视时与导电涂层重叠。
此外,本发明延伸到根据本发明的玻璃板用于水陆空交通运输工具中,特别是在机动车中,例如作为挡风玻璃板、后玻璃板、侧玻璃板和/或玻璃顶,优选作为挡风玻璃板或作为功能性和/或装饰性单件以及作为家具、仪器和建筑物中的安装件的用途。
下面使用实施例更详细地解释本发明,其中参考附图。它们以不符合比例的简化图显示了:
图1 作为复合玻璃板的根据本发明的玻璃板的一个实施方案的俯视图,
图1a 图1的玻璃板的截面图,
图2 具有间隔件的根据本发明的玻璃板的另一个实施方案的俯视图,
图2a 图2的玻璃板的边缘区域的截面图,
图3 作为复合玻璃板的根据本发明的玻璃板的另一个实施方案的俯视图,和
图3a 图3的玻璃板的截面图。
图1显示了根据本发明的玻璃板1的一个实施方案的俯视图。图1a显示了图1的实施例的截面图。图1a的截面图对应于如图1所示的玻璃板1的切割线A-A'。
玻璃板1包括外玻璃板2和内玻璃板3以及内布置在外玻璃板2和内玻璃板3之间的热塑性中间层4、4.1、4.2。玻璃板1因此被设计为复合玻璃板。玻璃板1例如被设置用于安装到运载工具中并且将运载工具内部空间7与外部环境8隔开。例如,玻璃板1是机动车的挡风玻璃板。
外玻璃板2和内玻璃板3分别由玻璃,优选热预应力钠钙玻璃组成,并且对可见光而言透明。外玻璃板2的厚度例如为2.1mm,内玻璃板3的厚度例如为1.5mm。
外玻璃板2的外表面I背对热塑性中间层4并且面对外部环境8。外玻璃板2的外表面I同时是玻璃板1的外表面。外玻璃板2的内表面II和内玻璃板3的外表面III分别面对中间层4。内玻璃板3的内表面IV背对热塑性中间层4并且面对内部空间7。内玻璃板3的内表面IV同时是玻璃板1的内表面。
应理解的是,玻璃板1可以具有各种任意合适的几何形状和/或曲率。作为玻璃板1,其通常具有凸形曲率。玻璃板1还具有在安装位置中位于上部的上边缘V和在安装位置中位于下部的下边缘VI以及位于左侧和右侧的侧边缘。
在玻璃板1的边缘区域中,在外玻璃板2的内表面II上施加框架形式环绕的黑色印刷物9。黑色印刷物9是不透明的并且防止看向布置在玻璃板1内侧的结构,例如用于将玻璃板1胶粘到车身中的胶粘剂条。黑色印刷物9由通常用于黑色印刷物的非导电材料,例如经烧制的黑色着色的丝网印刷油墨组成。与上边缘V相比,黑色印刷物9沿着下边缘VI稍微加宽。垂直于玻璃板1的下边缘VI的黑色印刷物9的尺寸被称为“宽度”。
热塑性中间层4.1、4.2例如基于两个热塑性塑料膜,优选聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)、乙烯乙酸乙烯酯(EVA)和/或热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)构造并且具有0.5mm的厚度。热塑性中间层4与内玻璃板3和外玻璃板2全等地布置。
功能层6与玻璃板1的表面全等地嵌入热塑性中间层4、4.1、4.2内。功能层6布置在热塑性中间层的第一膜4.1和热塑性中间层的第二膜4.2之间。功能层6例如是PET膜。PET膜例如涂有基于PET和PEN形成的共聚物层堆叠体。功能层6的厚度例如为0.08mm。功能层6具有偏振过滤性能。
在内玻璃板3的外表面III上施加导电涂层5。导电涂层5在玻璃板1的整个表面上延伸,除了例如宽度为1cm的细边缘区域。未涂覆的边缘区域以框架形式沿着玻璃板1的环绕边缘(上和下边缘V、VI以及侧边缘)延伸。边缘区域优选没有导电涂层5,以在将玻璃板1安装到运载工具中时将车身与玻璃板1电绝缘。导电涂层5例如是具有3个银层的含银涂层。导电涂层5的总厚度例如为100nm。导电涂层5是透明的,并例如具有IR反射性能。
与这里所示的不同,导电涂层5也可以与两个汇流排连接。为此,汇流排沿着靠近玻璃板1的上边缘V的涂层5的边缘区域与导电涂层5电连接和材料连接。为此,第二汇流排沿着靠近玻璃板1的下边缘VI的涂层5的边缘区域与导电涂层5电连接和材料连接。通过这种布置,形成通过导电涂层5的电流路径。在将电压施加到汇流排上时,可以通过导电涂层5形成加热电流。通过该加热电流,玻璃板1例如可以保持没有起雾和结冰。
在与这里描述的玻璃板1相同构造(除了在外玻璃板2和导电涂层5之间没有布置功能层6之外)的一般类型玻璃板中,在外玻璃板2的外表面I被水润湿时出现令人不快的颜色印象。例如,外玻璃板2上的含水液滴在相对于垂直于玻璃板1的表面平面布置的轴而言例如大于40°的观察角度(在图1A、2A和3A中通过α示出)下呈现特别强烈的红色、蓝色、紫色、黄色或绿色。其它颜色和颜色混合也是可能的。这些明显有色的液滴对于观察者而言具有不美观的效果并且不利地显眼。功能层6布置在外玻璃板2和导电涂层5之间导致外玻璃板2的外表面1上的液滴的颜色中性效果。与否则透明的无色玻璃板1相比,液滴呈现略带灰色和/或略带蓝色。与一般类型玻璃板出现的更强烈的颜色印象相比,略微强烈的带灰色/带蓝色的颜色的不美观性较小。
图2显示了根据本发明的玻璃板1的另一个实施方案的俯视图。图2a显示了图2的实施例的边缘区域的截面图。图2a的截面图对应于如图2所示的玻璃板1的切割线B-B'。
玻璃板1被设计为隔热装配玻璃的形式。玻璃板1包括与内玻璃板3全等地布置的外玻璃板2。在玻璃板1的边缘区域中,在外玻璃板2和内玻璃板3之间布置具有空腔12的间隔件11。玻璃板1的边缘区域是指在空间上靠近玻璃板1的环绕边缘,例如玻璃板1的上边缘、下边缘和/或侧边缘V、VI的区域。玻璃板1的边缘区域优选地具有约10cm的宽度。“宽度”被理解为是指垂直于玻璃板1的环绕边缘的边缘区域的尺寸。间隔件11例如以框架形式环绕地布置在玻璃板1的边缘区域内。外玻璃板2和内玻璃板3在此略微突出超过间隔件11。例如,间隔件11基本上由聚丙烯组成。间隔件11的空腔12可以用干燥剂,例如分子筛填充,以保护玻璃板1免受水分(未示出)。
外玻璃板2和内玻璃板3分别具有面对外部环境8的外表面I、III,并且分别具有面对内部空间7的内表面II、IV。密封剂13.1将外玻璃板2与间隔件11的左侧表面接合,其中密封剂13.1施加到外玻璃板2的内表面II上。内玻璃板3通过密封剂13.2与间隔件11的右侧表面接合,其中密封剂13.2施加到内玻璃板3的外表面III上。密封剂13.1、13.2例如含有交联聚异丁烯。间隔件11具有内表面VII和外表面VIII,它们与外玻璃板2的内表面II正交地布置。间隔件11的内表面VII在此是间隔件11的面对内部玻璃板间隙10.1的表面。间隔件11的外表面VIII在此是间隔件11的背对内部玻璃板间隙10.1的表面。内部玻璃板间隙10.1因此由外玻璃板2的内表面II、内玻璃板3的外表面III和间隔件11的内表面VII界定。
外玻璃板2和内玻璃板3突出超过间隔件11,以使得形成外部玻璃板间隙10.2,其位于外玻璃板2和内玻璃板3之间并且由间隔件11的外表面VIII界定。外部玻璃板间隙10.2用第二密封剂14填充。第二密封剂14例如是硅酮。硅酮特别好地吸收作用于边缘粘合处的力,因此有助于玻璃板1的高稳定性。第二密封剂14布置成与外玻璃板2和内玻璃板3的边缘齐平。外玻璃板2和内玻璃板3例如由厚度为3mm的钠钙玻璃组成。
在由间隔件11形成的框架内,功能层6通过粘附层附接到外玻璃板2的内表面II上。导电涂层5与功能层6全等地施加在内玻璃板3的外表面III上。功能层6和导电涂层5也可以彼此独立地附接或施加在外玻璃板2的整个内表面II或内玻璃板3的整个外表面III上。功能层6和导电涂层5的结构例如如图1和图1a所述。
如针对图2和2a描述的玻璃板1可有利地用作建筑物,例如住宅建筑物中的隔热装配玻璃。具有例如IR反射性能的导电涂层5可以改进建筑物内的热舒适性。然而,通过功能层6同时减少对于居民或一般观察者而言由玻璃板1和导电涂层5的被水润湿的表面造成的干扰性颜色印象。
图3和3a中所示的变体基本上对应于图1和1a的变体,因此这里仅讨论不同之处,其它方面参考图1和1a的描述。图3a的截面图对应于如图3所示的玻璃板1的切割线C-C'。
与针对图1和1a所描述和示出的不同,图3和3a的玻璃板1被设计成用于机动车,特别是载人机动车的顶玻璃板的形式。在玻璃板1的边缘区域中,如针对图1和图2所述在外玻璃板2的内表面II上施加以框架形式环绕的黑色印刷物9。黑色印刷物9沿着玻璃板1的边缘区段稍微加宽。较宽的边缘区段被设置为在安装位置中布置在运载工具的前方区域中(即相比于运载工具的后部而言更靠近挡风玻璃板)。垂直于下边缘VI的黑色印刷物9的尺寸被称为“宽度”。与图1和图1a不同,功能层6不布置在外玻璃板2的内表面II上,而是在内玻璃板3的外表面III上。导电涂层5施加在内玻璃板2的内表面IV上,例如是厚度为10nm的基于氧化铟锡(ITO)的涂层。
外玻璃板2和内玻璃板3由钠钙玻璃组成,其可以任选着色。外玻璃板2的厚度例如为2.1mm,内玻璃板3的厚度为1.6mm。热塑性中间层4的厚度例如为0.38mm,并且基于具有增塑剂的PVB形成。
对于大于40°的观察角度α而言,不美观的颜色印象尤其显眼。在机动车,尤其载人机动车的顶玻璃板的情况下,由于顶玻璃板的水平取向而通常导致明显大于40°的观察角度。此外,由于例如雨水所致的水分只能相比于垂直布置的玻璃板,例如运载工具侧玻璃板或运载工具后玻璃板而言较不好地流走。因此,通过顶玻璃板形式的根据本发明的玻璃板1,特别明显地避免和减少这些光学缺陷。
一般类型的玻璃板的实施例
为了确定颜色印象,提供具有以下层结构的复合玻璃板形式的被水润湿的一般类型的玻璃板:内玻璃板3 - 导电涂层5 - 热塑性中间层4 - 外玻璃板2。外玻璃板2和内玻璃板3由钠钙玻璃组成。外玻璃板2的厚度为2.1mm,内玻璃板3的厚度为1.6mm。热塑性中间层4具有0.38mm的厚度并且基于具有增塑剂的PVB形成。导电涂层5是具有3个银层的含银涂层。导电涂层5的总厚度为100nm。
为了确定颜色印象,将透明的校准油滴置于外玻璃板2的外表面I上。然后将具有两个尺寸相同的底面和第一、第二和第三顶面的三面等腰玻璃棱镜以第一且同时最大的顶面压在油滴上。第二层和第三顶面的尺寸相同且比第一顶面小。校准油滴在光学方面与钠钙玻璃相似,同时改进玻璃棱镜对玻璃板的附着力。
借助光源发出可见光。光以接近0°的入射角射到玻璃棱镜的第二顶面上。可见光透过玻璃棱镜透射并以45°的入射角α射到外玻璃板2的外表面I上。然后该光透过外玻璃板2和热塑性中间层4透射并在导电涂层5处反射。在该可见光在导电涂层5处反射后,其再次透过热塑性中间层4、外玻璃板2和玻璃棱镜透射(从第三顶面射出)并被检测器记录和检测。该检测器配备有用于p偏振或s偏振光的滤光片,并且取决于滤光片,仅检测被导电涂层5反射的s偏振或p偏振光。原则上,也可以为光源配备p偏振滤光片或s偏振滤光片,以在光进入玻璃棱镜之前对其进行偏振。在这种情况下,无需为检测器配备用于p偏振或s偏振光的滤光片。所得颜色值以L*a*b*颜色空间的L*a*b*值示于表1中。
表1:以45°的入射角α在被水润湿的一般类型的玻璃板上反射的可见光的LAB颜色空间。
测量的颜色值得出对于s偏振光的深紫色颜色印象和对于p偏振光的红紫色颜色印象。在实际透明的玻璃板前,水滴在颜色方面明显显眼。
根据本发明的玻璃板的实施例
为了确定颜色印象,提供具有以下层结构的被水润湿的根据本发明的玻璃板1:内玻璃板3 - 导电涂层5 - 热塑性中间层4 – 功能层6 – 外玻璃板2。各个层的结构和用于测量的结构以及测量本身与前面描述的具有一般类型的玻璃板的实施例相同。功能层6是涂有基于PET和PEN形成的共聚物层堆叠体的PET膜。功能层6的厚度例如为0.08mm。测量所得的颜色值以L*a*b*颜色空间的L*a*b*值示于表2中。
表2:以45°的入射角α在被水润湿的根据本发明的玻璃板上反射的可见光的LAB颜色空间。
测量的L*a*b*值导致玻璃板1上的水滴呈现带灰色的颜色印象。与在一般类型的玻璃板的情况下在相同条件下出现的红紫色或深紫色的颜色印象相比,透明玻璃板1前面的带灰色的颜色印象明显较不显眼。因为光由于功能层6早在导电涂层上反射之前已在其偏振方面改变,形成改变的光谱反射,其导致改进的颜色印象(较低的a*和b*值)。用于确定根据本发明的玻璃板与一般类型的玻璃板之间所感知的颜色距离或颜色差异的量度是Delta E。0.0至2.0的低Delta E值表示对于观察者而言几乎不可感知的颜色差异。在高于2.0的值下,对于观察者而言已经可以很容易地感知到颜色差异,并且在高于4.0的值下,可看出明显的差异。由根据本发明的和一般类型的玻璃板的L*a*b*值计算的Delta E对于s偏振光具有28.2的值,对于p偏振光具有42.8的值。因此,一般类型的与根据本发明的玻璃板之间的颜色差异对于观察者而言在视觉上明显可感知。
附图标记列表
1          玻璃板
2          外玻璃板
3          内玻璃板
4、4.1、4.2  热塑性中间层
5          导电涂层
6          功能层
7          内部空间
8          外部环境
9          黑色印刷物
10.1、10.2  玻璃板间隙
11         间隔件
12         空腔
13.1、13.2  密封剂
14         第二密封剂
I          外玻璃板2的外表面
II         外玻璃板2的内表面
III        内玻璃板3的外表面
IV         内玻璃板3的内表面
V          玻璃板1的上边缘
VI         玻璃板1的下边缘
VII        间隔件11的内表面
VIII       间隔件11的外表面
A-A'       图1和图1a的玻璃板1的切割线
B-B'       图2和图2a的玻璃板1的切割线
C-C'       图3和图3a的玻璃板1的切割线。

Claims (15)

1.玻璃板(1),其特别被设置用于将内部空间(7)与外部环境(8)分开,所述玻璃板包括:
- 外玻璃板(2)和内玻璃板(3),其中内玻璃板(3)具有背对外玻璃板(2)的内表面(IV),外玻璃板(2)具有背对内玻璃板(3)的外表面(I),
- 导电涂层(5),和
- 功能层(6),其具有偏振过滤性能并且布置在外玻璃板(2)和内玻璃板(3)之间,
其中将导电涂层(5)施加到外玻璃板(2)或内玻璃板(3)的表面之一上,并且功能层(6)在透过玻璃板(1)透视时与导电涂层(5)重叠,
以使得与功能层(6)重叠并且当功能层(6)布置在内玻璃板(3)和导电涂层(5)之间时施加在内玻璃板(3)的内表面(IV)上或当功能层(6)布置在外玻璃板(2)和导电涂层(5)之间时施加在外玻璃板(2)的外表面(I)上的水对于观察者而言在大于或等于 35°的观察角α下被感知为具有L*a*b*颜色空间的a*和b*值不大于绝对值5的颜色。
2.根据权利要求1所述的玻璃板(1),其中所述外玻璃板(2)和所述内玻璃板(3)通过热塑性中间层(4)以面形式相互接合。
3.根据权利要求2所述的玻璃板(1),其中所述内玻璃板(3)还具有面对所述热塑性中间层(4)的外表面(III),并且导电涂层(5)施加在内玻璃板(3)的内表面(IV)或外表面(III)上,优选在内玻璃板(3)的外表面(III)上。
4.根据权利要求2或3所述的玻璃板(1),其中所述功能层(6)被设计为膜并且布置在所述热塑性中间层(4)内。
5.根据权利要求1所述的玻璃板(1),其还包括布置在所述外玻璃板(2)和所述内玻璃板(3)之间的所述玻璃板(1)的边缘区域中的外周间隔件(11)以及内部玻璃板间隙(10.1),该内部玻璃板间隙由间隔件(11)、外玻璃板(2)和内玻璃板(3)界定,其中内玻璃板(3)和外玻璃板(2)通过密封剂(13.1、13.2)与间隔件(11)接合。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的玻璃板(1),其中所述功能层(6)在透过玻璃板(1)透视时与所述导电涂层(5)全等地布置。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的玻璃板(1),其中所述导电涂层(5)在玻璃板(1)的表面的超过至少50%,优选超过至少60%,特别优选超过至少80%,特别是超过至少90%上延伸。
8.根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的玻璃板(1),其中所述功能层(6)是基于聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)的膜,其涂有基于PET和/或聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯(PEN)的共聚物层堆叠体。
9.根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的玻璃板(1),其中所述功能层(6)包括至少一个基于聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、聚乙烯(PE)、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)、三乙酰纤维素(TAC)和/或聚碳酸酯和/或其共聚物或混合物的载体膜,优选基于聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)的载体膜。
10.根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的玻璃板(1),其中所述导电涂层(5)具有至少一个含银层,优选至少三个含银层,特别优选至少四个含银层。
11.根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的玻璃板(1),其中所述导电涂层(5)具有一个或多个基于氧化铟锡(ITO)的功能层。
12.根据权利要求1至11中任一项所述的玻璃板(1),其中所述导电涂层(5)具有红外(IR)和/或紫外(UV)光反射性能。
13.根据权利要求1至12中任一项所述的玻璃板(1),其中所述导电涂层(5)的厚度小于5μm,优选小于3μm,特别是小于1μm。
14.制造根据权利要求1至13中任一项所述的玻璃板(1)的方法,其中
a) 提供外玻璃板(2)、内玻璃板(3)和具有偏振过滤性能的功能层(6),
b) 将导电涂层(5)施加到外玻璃板(2)或内玻璃板(3)的表面之一上,
c) 外玻璃板(2)和功能层(6)布置成使得功能层(6)布置在外玻璃板(2)和内玻璃板(3)之间并且功能层(6)在透过玻璃板(1)透视时与导电涂层(5)重叠。
15.根据权利要求1至13中任一项所述的玻璃板(1)用于水陆空交通运输工具中,特别是在机动车中,例如作为挡风玻璃板、后玻璃板、侧玻璃板和/或玻璃顶,优选作为挡风玻璃板或作为功能性和/或装饰性单件以及作为家具、仪器和建筑物中的安装件的用途。
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