CN115961182A - Corrosion-resistant and abrasion-resistant coating and cold spraying preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Corrosion-resistant and abrasion-resistant coating and cold spraying preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN115961182A
CN115961182A CN202211647574.9A CN202211647574A CN115961182A CN 115961182 A CN115961182 A CN 115961182A CN 202211647574 A CN202211647574 A CN 202211647574A CN 115961182 A CN115961182 A CN 115961182A
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alloy
coating
raw materials
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刘恩
王顺成
艾霞
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Yicheng Zhizao New Material Technology Taicang Co ltd
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Yicheng Zhizao New Material Technology Taicang Co ltd
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Abstract

A corrosion-resistant and abrasion-resistant coating and a cold spraying preparation method thereof belong to the technical field of surface treatment. The coating comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.25 to 0.35 percent of Cu, 0.26 to 0.28 percent of Mg, 0.19 to 0.22 percent of Si, 0.35 to 0.4 percent of Ni,0.05 to 0.15 percent of Co, 0.15 to 0.25 percent of Sn, 0.05 to 0.15 percent of Cr, 0.3 to 0.45 percent of Zr, 0.06 to 0.09 percent of B, the balance of Al and inevitable impurities, the single content of the impurities is less than or equal to 0.01 percent, the total amount is less than or equal to 0.05 percent, and the cold spraying preparation method sequentially comprises the following steps: proportioning, smelting alloy liquid, refining, degassing and removing impurities, atomizing into powder, screening and cold spraying. According to the invention, through scientific design of the component composition of the coating and the cold spraying preparation process, the coating is compact, uniform in thickness, high in bonding strength and hardness, excellent in wear resistance and corrosion resistance, and can be widely applied to the fields of electronic appliances, mechanical equipment, transportation, aerospace, weaponry and the like, and the service life of metal parts is prolonged.

Description

Corrosion-resistant and abrasion-resistant coating and cold spraying preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of surface treatment, and particularly relates to a corrosion-resistant and abrasion-resistant coating and a cold spraying preparation method thereof.
Background
In the fields of electronic and electrical appliances, mechanical equipment, transportation, aerospace, weaponry and the like, a large number of metal parts are subjected to tests in severe environments such as corrosion, abrasion and the like in the service process until the metal parts are finally scrapped due to corrosion and abrasion. In order to improve the service life of these metal parts, it is usually necessary to perform appropriate surface treatment on these metal parts before use to improve the corrosion resistance and wear resistance of the metal parts.
There are many methods for treating the surface of metal parts, such as chemical conversion coating, anodic oxidation, electroplating, thermal spraying, laser modification, etc. Chemical conversion coatings are widely used as a paint primer, but the chemical conversion coatings only slow down the corrosion rate and are not effective in preventing corrosion. Anodic oxidation can produce a certain wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant oxide film, but the oxide film is brittle and porous, and it is difficult to obtain a uniform oxide film. The plating solution of the electroplating method often contains heavy metal ions, which causes certain pollution to the environment. The metal coating is deposited on the surface by thermal spraying, and the surface of the metal part can generate strong reaction in the thermal spraying process, so that the surface is oxidized, and an oxidation film with poor corrosion resistance is generated. The metal parts are easy to be oxidized, evaporated and generate thermal stress during laser modification treatment.
The cold spraying technology is a novel spraying technology which takes compressed gas as an accelerating medium, and drives spraying powder to collide with metal parts at a high speed in the spraying process based on the gas dynamics principle, so that the powder is subjected to plastic deformation deposition to form a coating. Compared with other coating preparation technologies, the equipment and the device are convenient to operate and use, the powder particles are low in heating temperature and do not need to be heated to a molten state in the spraying process, the thermal stress is not generated, the bonding strength is high, and the influence on the metal part matrix is basically avoided. The lower process temperature (lower than the melting point of the spraying material) can avoid the oxidation of metal particles and the growth of crystal grains in the spraying process. Compared with an electrochemical method and the like, cold spraying is an environment-friendly green coating preparation process. Unfortunately, the cold spray coating is mainly made of pure aluminum, and although pure aluminum has better corrosion resistance, the strength and hardness of the cold spray coating are low, so that the cold spray coating is still difficult to adapt to the surface protection needs of metal parts under the severe environments of corrosion and abrasion, and the application of the cold spray technology is greatly limited. Thus, there is still a need for improvement and development of the existing cold spray coating and its cold spray method.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems and the defects, and provides a corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant coating which has excellent wear resistance and good corrosion resistance and can effectively protect metal parts by scientifically optimizing the components of the coating and a cold spraying preparation process, and a cold spraying preparation method thereof.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
the invention provides a corrosion-resistant and abrasion-resistant coating, which is prepared by adopting a cold spraying method and comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.25 to 0.35 percent of Cu, 0.26 to 0.28 percent of Mg, 0.19 to 0.22 percent of Si, 0.35 to 0.4 percent of Ni,0.05 to 0.15 percent of Co, 0.15 to 0.25 percent of Sn, 0.05 to 0.15 percent of Cr, 0.3 to 0.45 percent of Zr, 0.06 to 0.09 percent of B, the balance of Al and inevitable impurities, the content of single impurity is less than or equal to 0.01 percent, and the total content is less than or equal to 0.05 percent.
The invention provides a cold spraying preparation method of a corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant coating, which sequentially comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: selecting industrial pure aluminum ingots, pure copper ingots, pure magnesium ingots, crystalline silicon, alNi5 alloy, alCo5 alloy, alSn5 alloy, alCr5 alloy and AlZr5B1 alloy as raw materials;
the second step is that: heating and melting an aluminum ingot at 1100-1200 ℃, then adding a copper ingot accounting for 0.25-0.35% of the total weight of the raw materials, a magnesium ingot accounting for 0.26-0.28%, crystalline silicon accounting for 0.19-0.22%, alNi5 alloy accounting for 7-8%, alCo5 alloy accounting for 1-3%, alSn5 alloy accounting for 3-45%, alCr5 alloy accounting for 1-3% and AlZr5B1 alloy accounting for 6-9%, and stirring and melting into alloy liquid;
the third step: refining, degassing and decontaminating the alloy liquid by using hexachloroethane which accounts for 0.3-0.4% of the total weight of the raw materials, slagging off and then standing for 40-50 minutes;
the fourth step: atomizing the alloy liquid into alloy powder under the protection of argon, wherein the temperature of the atomized alloy liquid is 850-900 ℃, and the pressure of the atomized argon is 0.3-0.5 MPa;
the fifth step: screening the alloy powder to obtain alloy powder with the particle size less than or equal to 10 micrometers;
and a sixth step: carrying out sand blasting treatment on the surface of the metal part, cleaning and blow-drying the surface by using alcohol, and removing impurities on the surface;
the seventh step: and spraying the alloy powder obtained by screening in the fifth step on the surface of the metal part by adopting a cold spraying method under the conditions that the working gas and the powder feeding gas are argon, the pressure of the working gas is 3-4 MPa, the temperature of the working gas is 150-200 ℃, the spraying distance is 30-40 mm, and the traveling speed of a spray gun is 10-20 mm/s, so as to obtain the corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant coating.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention scientifically optimizes the components of the coating and the cold spraying preparation process, so that the coating is tightly adhered to the surface layer of the metal part, the coating is compact and uniform in thickness, the average thickness is 300-330 mu m, the bonding strength of the coating is more than 60MPa, the hardness of the coating is 90-110 HRB, the coating has excellent wear resistance and good corrosion resistance, can effectively protect the metal part, improves the wear corrosion resistance of the metal part, and prolongs the service life of the metal part.
Detailed Description
The corrosion-resistant and abrasion-resistant coating is prepared by a cold spraying method and comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.25 to 0.35 percent of Cu, 0.26 to 0.28 percent of Mg, 0.19 to 0.22 percent of Si, 0.35 to 0.4 percent of Ni,0.05 to 0.15 percent of Co, 0.15 to 0.25 percent of Sn, 0.05 to 0.15 percent of Cr, 0.3 to 0.45 percent of Zr, 0.06 to 0.09 percent of B, the balance of Al and inevitable impurities, the content of single impurity is less than or equal to 0.01 percent, and the total content is less than or equal to 0.05 percent.
Wherein, the main function of Cu, mg and Si is to enhance the hardness of the coating, and the elements can form CuAl in addition to the solid solution strengthening effect in the coating 2 Strengthening phases, mg and Si forming Mg 2 Si strengthening phase, strengthening coatingThe hardness of the layer. The higher the content of Cu, mg and Si, the higher the hardness of the coating, but the too high the content of Cu, mg and Si, the coating becomes brittle easily because it is too hard. After extensive experimental study on the composition of the coating, the inventors found that when the Cu content is less than 0.25%, the Mg content is less than 0.26%, or the Si content is less than 0.19%, the hardness of the coating does not reach 90HRB. When the Cu content is more than 0.35%, the Mg content is more than 0.28%, or the Si content is more than 0.22%, the hardness of the coating exceeds 110HRB, and the coating becomes brittle due to excessively high hardness. Only when the Cu content is 0.25-0.35%, the Mg content is 0.26-0.28%, and the Si content is 0.19-0.22%, the coating hardness is 90-110 HRB.
The Ni, co and Cr have high melting point and good high-temperature stability, can further enhance the hardness of the coating, and mainly has the functions of improving the bonding strength of the coating and a metal part matrix and simultaneously improving the high-temperature stability and the ablation resistance of the coating. The inventor discovers through a great amount of experimental researches on the component composition of the coating that the effect of compositely adding three elements of Ni, co and Cr is better than the effect of singly adding one or two elements under the condition of the same total adding amount, when 0.35-0.4% of Ni, 0.05-0.15% of Co and 0.05-0.15% of Cr are compositely added, the bonding strength of the coating and a metal part substrate can be obviously improved, and simultaneously, the high-temperature stability and the ablation resistance of the coating are improved, thereby being beneficial to improving the abrasion resistance and the corrosion resistance of the coating.
Sn is a weak metal with softness and strong ductility, has high density and high corrosion resistance, and the inventor finds that the corrosion resistance of the coating can be obviously improved by adding 0.15-0.25% of Sn into the coating through a large amount of experimental researches. In addition, because the texture of Sn is soft, a small amount of Sn is added into the coating, so that the coating can play a role in lubricating in the abrasion process, and the abrasion resistance of the coating is improved.
Zr and B are added into the coating in the form of AlZr5B1 alloy, the AlZr5B1 alloy is obtained by reacting a mixture of sodium fluorozirconate and sodium fluoroborate with aluminum liquid, and the interior of the AlZr5B1 alloy contains a large amount of ZrB with the grain diameter of less than 1 micron 2 Particles, zrB 2 High particle hardness, high melting point and good stabilityAdding 6-9% of AlZr5B1 alloy and a large amount of ZrB in the smelting process 2 The particles are finally dispersed in the coating, and play a role in supporting the salient points in the abrasion process of the coating, thereby obviously improving the abrasion resistance of the coating.
The cold spraying preparation method of the corrosion-resistant and abrasion-resistant coating sequentially comprises the following steps of:
the first step is as follows: selecting industrial pure aluminum ingots, pure copper ingots, pure magnesium ingots, crystalline silicon, alNi5 alloy, alCo5 alloy, alSn5 alloy, alCr5 alloy and AlZr5B1 alloy as raw materials;
the second step is that: heating and melting an aluminum ingot at 1100-1200 ℃, then adding a copper ingot accounting for 0.25-0.35% of the total weight of the raw materials, a magnesium ingot accounting for 0.26-0.28%, crystalline silicon accounting for 0.19-0.22%, alNi5 alloy accounting for 7-8%, alCo5 alloy accounting for 1-3%, alSn5 alloy accounting for 3-45%, alCr5 alloy accounting for 1-3% and AlZr5B1 alloy accounting for 6-9%, and stirring and melting into alloy liquid;
the third step: refining, degassing and purifying the alloy liquid by hexachloroethane accounting for 0.3-0.4% of the total weight of the raw materials, slagging off and then standing for 40-50 minutes;
the fourth step: atomizing the alloy liquid into alloy powder under the protection of argon, wherein the temperature of the atomized alloy liquid is 850-900 ℃, and the pressure of the atomized argon is 0.3-0.5 MPa;
the fifth step: screening the alloy powder to obtain alloy powder with the particle size less than or equal to 10 micrometers;
and a sixth step: carrying out sand blasting treatment on the surface of the metal part, cleaning and blow-drying by using alcohol, and removing impurities on the surface;
the seventh step: and spraying the alloy powder obtained by screening in the fifth step on the surface of the metal part by adopting a cold spraying method under the conditions that the working gas and the powder feeding gas are argon, the pressure of the working gas is 3-4 MPa, the temperature of the working gas is 150-200 ℃, the spraying distance is 30-40 mm, and the traveling speed of a spray gun is 10-20 mm/s, so as to obtain the corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant coating.
In order to more fully describe the corrosion-and abrasion-resistant coating and the cold spray method for preparing the same according to the present invention, several examples are illustrated below.
Example 1:
the corrosion-resistant wear-resistant coating comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.3 percent of Cu, 0.27 percent of Mg, 0.21 percent of Si, 0.375 percent of Ni, 0.1 percent of Co, 0.25 percent of Sn, 0.05 percent of Cr, 0.4 percent of Zr, 0.08 percent of B, the balance of Al and inevitable impurities, wherein the content of single impurity is less than or equal to 0.01 percent, and the total content is less than or equal to 0.05 percent; the cold spraying preparation method of the corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant coating sequentially comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: selecting industrial pure aluminum ingots, pure copper ingots, pure magnesium ingots, crystalline silicon, alNi5 alloy, alCo5 alloy, alSn5 alloy, alCr5 alloy and AlZr5B1 alloy as raw materials;
the second step is that: heating and melting an aluminum ingot at 1150 ℃, adding a copper ingot accounting for 0.3 percent of the total weight of the raw materials, a magnesium ingot accounting for 0.27 percent of the total weight of the raw materials, 0.21 percent of crystalline silicon, 7.5 percent of AlNi5 alloy, 2 percent of AlCo5 alloy, 5 percent of AlSn5 alloy, 1 percent of AlCr5 alloy and 8 percent of AlZr5B1 alloy, and stirring and melting to obtain alloy liquid;
the third step: refining, degassing and removing impurities of alloy liquid by using hexachloroethane accounting for 0.35 percent of the total weight of the raw materials, slagging off and then standing for 45 minutes;
the fourth step: atomizing the alloy liquid into alloy powder under the protection of argon, wherein the temperature of the atomized alloy liquid is 875 ℃, and the pressure of the atomized argon is 0.4MPa;
the fifth step: screening the alloy powder to obtain alloy powder with the particle size less than or equal to 10 micrometers;
and a sixth step: carrying out sand blasting treatment on the surface of the metal part, cleaning and blow-drying by using alcohol, and removing impurities on the surface;
the seventh step: and spraying the alloy powder obtained by screening in the fifth step on the surface of the metal part by adopting a cold spraying method under the conditions that the working gas and the powder feeding gas are argon, the pressure of the working gas is 3.5MPa, the temperature of the working gas is 180 ℃, the spraying distance is 35mm, and the traveling speed of a spray gun is 15mm/s, so as to obtain the corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant coating.
Through detection, the coating prepared by the embodiment is compact and uniform in thickness, the average thickness is 321 microns, the bonding strength of the coating is 68MPa, and the hardness of the coating is 106HRB.
Example 2:
the corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant coating comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.35 percent of Cu, 0.26 percent of Mg, 0.19 percent of Si, 0.4 percent of Ni,0.05 percent of Co, 0.2 percent of Sn, 0.1 percent of Cr, 0.3 percent of Zr, 0.06 percent of B, the balance of Al and inevitable impurities, wherein the content of single impurity is less than or equal to 0.01 percent, and the total content is less than or equal to 0.05 percent; the cold spraying preparation method of the corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant coating sequentially comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: selecting industrial pure aluminum ingots, pure copper ingots, pure magnesium ingots, crystalline silicon, alNi5 alloy, alCo5 alloy, alSn5 alloy, alCr5 alloy and AlZr5B1 alloy as raw materials;
the second step is that: heating and melting an aluminum ingot at 1100 ℃, adding a copper ingot accounting for 0.35 percent of the total weight of the raw materials, a magnesium ingot accounting for 0.26 percent of the total weight of the raw materials, 0.19 percent of crystalline silicon, 8 percent of AlNi5 alloy, 1 percent of AlCo5 alloy, 4 percent of AlSn5 alloy, 2 percent of AlCr5 alloy and 6 percent of AlZr5B1 alloy, and stirring and melting the mixture into alloy liquid;
the third step: refining, degassing and decontaminating the alloy liquid by using hexachloroethane accounting for 0.4 percent of the total weight of the raw materials, slagging off and then standing for 40 minutes;
the fourth step: atomizing the alloy liquid into alloy powder under the protection of argon, wherein the temperature of the atomized alloy liquid is 900 ℃, and the pressure of the atomized argon is 0.3MPa;
the fifth step: screening the alloy powder to obtain alloy powder with the particle size less than or equal to 10 micrometers;
and a sixth step: carrying out sand blasting treatment on the surface of the metal part, cleaning and blow-drying the surface by using alcohol, and removing impurities on the surface;
the seventh step: and (3) spraying the alloy powder obtained by screening in the fifth step on the surface of the metal part by adopting a cold spraying method under the conditions that the working gas and the powder feeding gas are both argon, the pressure of the working gas is 4MPa, the temperature of the working gas is 150 ℃, the spraying distance is 40mm, and the travelling speed of a spray gun is 10mm/s to obtain the corrosion-resistant and abrasion-resistant coating.
The detection shows that the coating prepared by the embodiment is compact and uniform in thickness, the average thickness is 329 microns, the bonding strength of the coating is 62MPa, and the hardness of the coating is 91HRB.
Example 3:
the corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant coating comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.25% of Cu, 0.28% of Mg, 0.22% of Si, 0.35% of Ni, 0.15% of Co, 0.15% of Sn, 0.15% of Cr, 0.45% of Zr, 0.09% of B, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities, wherein the content of single impurity is less than or equal to 0.01%, and the total content is less than or equal to 0.05%; the cold spraying preparation method of the corrosion-resistant wear-resistant coating sequentially comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: selecting industrial pure aluminum ingots, pure copper ingots, pure magnesium ingots, crystalline silicon, alNi5 alloy, alCo5 alloy, alSn5 alloy, alCr5 alloy and AlZr5B1 alloy as raw materials;
the second step is that: heating and melting an aluminum ingot at 1200 ℃, adding a copper ingot accounting for 0.25 percent of the total weight of the raw materials, a magnesium ingot accounting for 0.28 percent of the total weight of the raw materials, 0.22 percent of crystalline silicon, 7 percent of AlNi5 alloy, 3 percent of AlCo5 alloy, 3 percent of AlSn5 alloy, 3 percent of AlCr5 alloy and 9 percent of AlZr5B1 alloy, and stirring and melting to obtain alloy liquid;
the third step: refining, degassing and removing impurities of alloy liquid by using hexachloroethane accounting for 0.3 percent of the total weight of the raw materials, slagging off and then standing for 50 minutes;
the fourth step: atomizing the alloy liquid into alloy powder under the protection of argon, wherein the temperature of the atomized alloy liquid is 850 ℃, and the pressure of the atomized argon is 0.5MPa;
the fifth step: screening the alloy powder to obtain alloy powder with the particle size less than or equal to 10 micrometers;
and a sixth step: carrying out sand blasting treatment on the surface of the metal part, cleaning and blow-drying the surface by using alcohol, and removing impurities on the surface;
the seventh step: and (3) spraying the alloy powder obtained by screening in the fifth step on the surface of the metal part by adopting a cold spraying method under the conditions that the working gas and the powder feeding gas are both argon, the pressure of the working gas is 3MPa, the temperature of the working gas is 200 ℃, the spraying distance is 30mm, and the travelling speed of a spray gun is 20mm/s to obtain the corrosion-resistant and abrasion-resistant coating.
Through detection, the coating prepared by the embodiment is compact and uniform in thickness, the average thickness is 303 micrometers, the bonding strength of the coating is greater than 71MPa, and the hardness of the coating is 108HRB.
While the present invention has been described by way of examples, and not by way of limitation, other variations of the disclosed embodiments, as would be readily apparent to one of skill in the art, are intended to be within the scope of the present invention, as defined by the claims.

Claims (2)

1. The corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant coating is characterized by being prepared by a cold spraying method and comprising the following components in percentage by mass: 0.25 to 0.35 percent of Cu, 0.26 to 0.28 percent of Mg, 0.19 to 0.22 percent of Si, 0.35 to 0.4 percent of Ni,0.05 to 0.15 percent of Co, 0.15 to 0.25 percent of Sn, 0.05 to 0.15 percent of Cr, 0.3 to 0.45 percent of Zr, 0.06 to 0.09 percent of B, the balance of Al and inevitable impurities, wherein the single content of the impurities is less than or equal to 0.01 percent, and the total content is less than or equal to 0.05 percent.
2. A method for preparing a corrosion-and wear-resistant coating according to claim 1, comprising the following steps in sequence:
the first step is as follows: selecting industrial pure aluminum ingots, pure copper ingots, pure magnesium ingots, crystalline silicon, alNi5 alloy, alCo5 alloy, alSn5 alloy, alCr5 alloy and AlZr5B1 alloy as raw materials;
the second step: heating and melting an aluminum ingot at 1100-1200 ℃, then adding a copper ingot accounting for 0.25-0.35 percent of the total weight of the raw materials, a magnesium ingot accounting for 0.26-0.28 percent of the total weight of the raw materials, crystalline silicon accounting for 0.19-0.22 percent of the total weight of the raw materials, alNi5 alloy accounting for 7-8 percent of the total weight of the raw materials, alCo5 alloy accounting for 1-3 percent of the total weight of the raw materials, alSn5 alloy accounting for 3-45 percent of the total weight of the raw materials, alCr5 alloy accounting for 1-3 percent of the total weight of the raw materials and AlZr5B1 alloy accounting for 6-9 percent of the total weight of the raw materials, and stirring and melting the mixture into alloy liquid;
the third step: refining, degassing and decontaminating the alloy liquid by using hexachloroethane which accounts for 0.3-0.4% of the total weight of the raw materials, slagging off and then standing for 40-50 minutes;
the fourth step: atomizing the alloy liquid into alloy powder under the protection of argon, wherein the temperature of the atomized alloy liquid is 850-900 ℃, and the pressure of the atomized argon is 0.3-0.5 MPa;
the fifth step: screening the alloy powder to obtain alloy powder with the particle size less than or equal to 10 micrometers;
and a sixth step: carrying out sand blasting treatment on the surface of the metal part, cleaning and blow-drying the surface by using alcohol, and removing impurities on the surface;
the seventh step: and spraying the alloy powder obtained by screening in the fifth step on the surface of the metal part by adopting a cold spraying method under the conditions that the working gas and the powder feeding gas are argon, the pressure of the working gas is 3-4 MPa, the temperature of the working gas is 150-200 ℃, the spraying distance is 30-40 mm, and the traveling speed of a spray gun is 10-20 mm/s, so as to obtain the corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant coating.
CN202211647574.9A 2022-12-21 2022-12-21 Corrosion-resistant and abrasion-resistant coating and cold spraying preparation method thereof Pending CN115961182A (en)

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