CN115961130A - High-strength high-plasticity medium manganese steel and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-strength high-plasticity medium manganese steel and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides high-strength high-plasticity medium manganese steel and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method adopts a rapid heating thermoforming process, and comprises the following steps: carrying out reverse phase transformation annealing on the rolled medium manganese steel plate; rapidly heating the medium manganese steel plate subjected to reverse phase transformation annealing to a temperature range of an austenite single-phase region, performing hot stamping forming within the temperature range of the austenite single-phase region, and then cooling to room temperature; and baking the medium manganese steel plate cooled to room temperature to obtain the high-strength high-plasticity medium manganese steel with the microstructure comprising austenite, martensite and ferrite. The chemical components of the high-strength high-plasticity medium manganese steel comprise C, mn, si and Fe, wherein: the mass percent of C in the high-strength high-plasticity medium manganese steel is 0.05-0.35wt%, the mass percent of Mn is 2.0-5.0wt%, and the mass percent of Si is 0.1-2.0wt%. The high-strength high-plasticity medium manganese steel prepared by the rapid heating hot forming process has the tensile strength of more than 1600MPa, the product of strength and elongation of more than 30GPa%, easy processing and production and high processing efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The disclosure relates to the technical field of manufacturing of high-strength high-plasticity automobile steel, and more particularly relates to high-strength high-plasticity medium manganese steel and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The steel material accounts for about 60% of the weight of the automobile body, and the requirements for weight reduction and collision safety of the automobile promote the steel material to develop towards high strength. In the research aspect of high-strength automobile steel, the third generation advanced high-strength steel is developed at present. The first generation advanced high-strength steel comprises dual-phase steel, complex phase steel, TRIP steel, martensite steel, bainite steel and the like, and the product of strength and elongation is generally lower than 15GPa%. The second generation advanced high-strength steel comprises TWIP steel, austenitic stainless steel and the like, the strength-product can reach 50GPa%, but the alloy content is high, and the cost is increased due to strict requirements on production conditions. The third generation advanced high-strength steel developed at present comprises medium manganese steel, Q & P steel, TBF steel and the like, the alloy content is between that of the first generation advanced high-strength steel and the second generation advanced high-strength steel, the design idea of 'multiphase, metastable and multi-scale' is taken as organization regulation and control, and the strength and the plasticity of the steel are improved on the basis of reducing the cost. However, an increase in the strength of steel is often accompanied by a decrease in the workability. Cold forming of high strength automotive steel requires large forming loads, wears severe to the die, and faces severe spring back problems. The difficulty of advanced cold forming processing of high-strength steel promotes the development and application of hot forming technology.
The hot forming technology is widely applied to automobile bodies of various vehicles at home and abroad at present, and is generally considered as an effective means for realizing light weight of the whole automobile, improving collision performance and reducing the manufacturing cost of the automobile bodies. The hot forming steel developed in industry at present is mainly manganese boron series hot forming steel. The widely used 22MnB5 hot formed steels have a tensile strength of 1500MPa but ductility generally does not exceed 7%. Increasing the carbon content increases the strength of the hot formed steel, but the toughness decreases further. The medium manganese steel is the third generation advanced high strength steel. The medium manganese steel has a higher work hardening rate than the mn-b series hot formed steel, and can have higher strength and maintain higher toughness due to a strain Induced Plasticity (strain Induced Plasticity) effect. Therefore, medium manganese steel is an important direction for the development of the hot forming process at present. However, the difficulty of smelting and processing the medium manganese steel is increased along with the increase of the Mn content. The reduction of the manganese content has great significance for the popularization of the medium manganese steel hot forming process.
In the course of implementing the disclosed concept, the inventors found that there are at least the following problems in the prior art: the long time consumption and low production efficiency of the temperature rise and isothermal process of the steel plate in the hot forming process are important factors which hinder the popularization of the hot forming process. The introduction of the rapid heating process can shorten the heating time and improve the hot forming production efficiency. At the same time, the rapid heating process can introduce a chemical interface into the steel, which is the boundary of two regions of the same crystal structure but distinct chemical composition. Because there is no difference in crystal structure at the chemical interface, it has better thermal stability compared with traditional physical interfaces such as grain boundary and phase boundary. In the subsequent heat treatment, the solid phase change is regulated and controlled through a chemical interface, a microstructure different from the traditional hot forming process is obtained, and the comprehensive performance of the hot forming steel is improved.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, embodiments of the present disclosure provide a high-strength high-ductility medium manganese steel and a preparation method thereof.
According to one aspect of the disclosure, a preparation method of high-strength high-plasticity medium manganese steel is provided, which adopts a rapid heating hot forming process and comprises the following steps: carrying out reverse phase transformation annealing on the rolled medium manganese steel plate; rapidly heating the medium manganese steel plate subjected to reverse phase transformation annealing to a temperature range of an austenite single-phase region, performing hot stamping forming in the temperature range of the austenite single-phase region, and cooling to room temperature; and baking the medium manganese steel plate cooled to room temperature to obtain the high-strength high-plasticity medium manganese steel with a microstructure comprising austenite, martensite and ferrite.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, in the step of baking the medium manganese steel plate cooled to room temperature to obtain the high-strength high-plasticity medium manganese steel with a microstructure including austenite, martensite and ferrite, a volume ratio of the austenite to the high-strength high-plasticity medium manganese steel is [10, 25]%, a volume ratio of the martensite to the high-strength high-plasticity medium manganese steel is [70, 90]%, and a volume ratio of the ferrite to the high-strength high-plasticity medium manganese steel is less than 5%.
According to the embodiment of the disclosure, the chemical components of the high-strength high-plasticity medium manganese steel comprise C, mn, si and Fe, wherein: the mass percent of the C in the high-strength high-plasticity medium manganese steel is (0.05, 0.35) wt%, the mass percent of the Mn in the high-strength high-plasticity medium manganese steel is (2.0, 5.0) wt%, and the mass percent of the Si in the high-strength high-plasticity medium manganese steel is (0.1, 2.0) wt%.
According to the embodiment of the disclosure, the mass percentage of the C in the high-strength high-plasticity manganese steel is [0.17,0.27] wt%, the mass percentage of the Mn in the high-strength high-plasticity manganese steel is [3.5,4.5] wt%, and the mass percentage of the Si in the high-strength high-plasticity manganese steel is [0.3,0.5] wt%.
According to the embodiment of the disclosure, the chemical components of the high-strength high-plasticity manganese steel further comprise Nb, and the mass percentage of Nb is [0,0.2] wt%.
According to the embodiment of the disclosure, the chemical components of the high-strength high-plasticity medium manganese steel further comprise Mo, and the mass percent of the Mo is [0,3.0] wt%.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the chemical composition of the high-strength high-ductility medium manganese steel further includes at least one of V in a mass percentage of [0,1.0] wt%, ti in a mass percentage of [0,0.5] wt%, ni in a mass percentage of [0,5.0] wt%, and Cu in a mass percentage of [0,5.0] wt%.
According to the embodiment of the disclosure, in the step of performing reverse phase transformation annealing on the rolled medium manganese steel plate, the annealing temperature is 550-700 ℃, and the annealing time is 1-10h.
According to the embodiment of the disclosure, the annealing temperature is 620-650 ℃, and the annealing time is 2-8h.
According to the embodiment of the disclosure, in the step of rapidly heating the medium manganese steel plate after reverse phase transformation annealing to the temperature range of the austenite single-phase region, performing hot stamping forming in the temperature range of the austenite single-phase region, and then cooling to room temperature, the rapid heating rate is 20-300 ℃/s, the temperature of the austenite single-phase region is 780-1000 ℃, the hot stamping forming time is 0-180s, and the cooling rate is 5-1000 ℃/s.
According to the embodiment of the disclosure, the rapid heating rate is 40-100 ℃/s, the austenite single-phase zone temperature is 820-920 ℃, the hot stamping forming time is 0-5s, and the cooling rate is 20-300 ℃/s.
According to the embodiment of the disclosure, in the step of baking the medium manganese steel plate cooled to room temperature, the baking temperature is 100-400 ℃, and the baking time is 5-180min.
According to the embodiment of the disclosure, the baking temperature is 150-250 ℃, and the baking time is 10-60min.
According to the embodiment of the disclosure, before the step of performing inverse transformation annealing on the rolled medium manganese steel plate, the method further comprises the following steps: according to the mass percentage ratio of the chemical components of the medium manganese steel plate, casting the medium manganese steel plate into a casting blank by adopting a vacuum smelting technology; carrying out isothermal treatment on the casting blank at 1000-1250 ℃ for 2-5h, forging the casting blank at the finish forging temperature of not lower than 900 ℃ and rolling the casting blank into a plate; keeping the temperature of the plate constant for 2-5h at 1000-1250 ℃; and rolling the isothermal plate into the medium manganese steel plate.
Another aspect of the present disclosure provides a high-strength high-ductility medium manganese steel prepared by the above preparation method, the chemical composition of the high-strength high-ductility medium manganese steel including C, mn, si and Fe, wherein: the mass percent of the C in the high-strength high-plasticity medium manganese steel is (0.05, 0.35) wt%, the mass percent of the Mn in the high-strength high-plasticity medium manganese steel is (2.0, 5.0) wt%, and the mass percent of the Si in the high-strength high-plasticity medium manganese steel is (0.1, 2.0) wt%.
According to the embodiment of the disclosure, the mass percentage of the C in the high-strength high-plasticity manganese steel is [0.17,0.27] wt%, the mass percentage of the Mn in the high-strength high-plasticity manganese steel is [3.5,4.5] wt%, and the mass percentage of the Si in the high-strength high-plasticity manganese steel is [0.3,0.5] wt%.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the high-strength high-plasticity manganese steel has a microstructure comprising austenite, martensite and ferrite, wherein the volume ratio of austenite in the high-strength high-plasticity manganese steel is [10, 25]%, the volume ratio of martensite in the high-strength high-plasticity manganese steel is [70, 90]%, and the volume ratio of ferrite in the high-strength high-plasticity manganese steel is less than 5%.
According to the embodiment of the disclosure, the chemical components of the high-strength high-plasticity manganese steel further comprise Nb, and the mass percentage of Nb is [0,0.2] wt%.
According to the embodiment of the disclosure, the chemical components of the high-strength high-plasticity medium manganese steel further comprise Mo, and the mass percent of the Mo is [0,3.0] wt%.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the chemical composition of the high-strength high-ductility medium manganese steel further includes at least one of V in a mass percentage of [0,1.0] wt%, ti in a mass percentage of [0,0.5] wt%, ni in a mass percentage of [0,5.0] wt%, and Cu in a mass percentage of [0,5.0] wt%.
According to the technical scheme, the high-strength high-plasticity medium manganese steel and the preparation method thereof have the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the high-strength high-plasticity medium manganese steel and the preparation method thereof, the rapid heating and hot forming process is applied to the preparation of the high-strength high-plasticity medium manganese steel, the tensile strength of the obtained high-strength high-plasticity medium manganese steel exceeds 1600MPa, the product of strength and elongation is more than 30GPa%, the manganese content is low, the processing and production are easy, the alloying cost is low, the processing efficiency is improved, the application range is wide, and the requirements of multiple industries are met;
2. according to the high-strength high-plasticity medium manganese steel and the preparation method thereof, the rapid heating hot forming process is applied to the preparation of the high-strength high-plasticity medium manganese steel, so that the problems of the traditional cold-processing medium manganese steel are solved, meanwhile, the production efficiency of the hot forming process is improved through rapid heating, and the application range and the development prospect of the hot forming process are expanded;
3. according to the high-strength high-plasticity medium manganese steel and the preparation method thereof, through the design of alloy components, the heat preservation time and the rolling reduction in the processing process and the heat treatment process, the volume fraction, the shape and the distribution state of the residual austenite in the microstructure of the high-strength high-plasticity medium manganese steel are controlled, so that the TRIP effect can be fully generated in the deformation process, and the comprehensive mechanical property of the high-strength high-plasticity medium manganese steel is greatly improved.
Drawings
The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present disclosure will become more apparent from the following description of embodiments of the present disclosure with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1A schematically illustrates a rapid thermal thermoforming process in an embodiment of the disclosure;
FIG. 1B shows a flow chart of a method for preparing high-strength high-plasticity medium manganese steel by using a rapid heating hot forming process in the embodiment of the disclosure;
FIG. 2 is an SEM image of a rolled medium manganese steel sheet after reverse transformation annealing in example 1 of the present disclosure;
FIG. 3 is an EBSD map of a rolled medium manganese steel sheet after reverse transformation annealing in example 1 of the present disclosure;
FIG. 4 is an EBSD (electron back scattering) diagram of the high-strength high-ductility medium manganese steel prepared by the rapid thermal forming process in example 1 of the disclosure; and
fig. 5 is a stress-strain curve of the high-strength high-ductility medium manganese steel prepared by the rapid thermal forming process in example 1 of the present disclosure.
Detailed Description
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present disclosure will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the description is illustrative only and is not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. In the following detailed description, for purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of the disclosure. It may be evident, however, that one or more embodiments may be practiced without these specific details. Moreover, in the following description, descriptions of well-known structures and techniques are omitted so as to not unnecessarily obscure the concepts of the present disclosure.
The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the disclosure. The terms "comprises," "comprising," and the like, as used herein, specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations, or components.
Where a convention analogous to "at least one of A, B, or C, etc." is used, in general such a construction is intended in the sense one having skill in the art would understand the convention (e.g., "a system having at least one of A, B, or C" would include but not be limited to systems that have A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and/or A, B, and C together, etc.). The terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, features defined as "first", "second", may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the described features.
Fig. 1A schematically shows a schematic diagram of a rapid heating hot forming process in the embodiment of the disclosure, and fig. 1B shows a flow chart of a method for preparing high-strength high-ductility medium manganese steel by using the rapid heating hot forming process in the embodiment of the disclosure.
As shown in fig. 1A and 1B, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a method for preparing high-strength high-ductility medium manganese steel, which uses a rapid thermal forming process, including:
step 1: carrying out reverse phase transformation annealing on the rolled medium manganese steel plate to obtain an ultrafine ferrite-metastable austenite mixed structure;
and 2, step: rapidly heating the medium manganese steel plate subjected to reverse phase transformation annealing to a temperature range of an austenite single-phase region, wherein the temperature is a complete austenite region, then preserving heat in the temperature range of the austenite single-phase region, simultaneously performing hot stamping forming, and then cooling to room temperature;
and 3, step 3: and baking the medium manganese steel plate cooled to room temperature to obtain the high-strength high-plasticity medium manganese steel with the microstructure comprising austenite, martensite and ferrite.
In an embodiment of the present disclosure, in the step 3, baking the medium manganese steel plate cooled to room temperature to obtain the high-strength high-ductility medium manganese steel with a microstructure including austenite, martensite, and ferrite, a volume ratio of the austenite in the high-strength high-ductility medium manganese steel is 10 to 25%, a volume ratio of the martensite in the high-strength high-ductility medium manganese steel is 70 to 90%, and a volume ratio of the ferrite in the high-strength high-ductility medium manganese steel is less than 5%.
In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the chemical components of the high-strength high-plasticity medium manganese steel in step 3 include C, mn, si and Fe, where: the mass percent of the C in the high-strength high-plasticity medium manganese steel is 0.05-0.35wt%, the mass percent of the Mn in the high-strength high-plasticity medium manganese steel is 2.0-5.0wt%, and the mass percent of the Si in the high-strength high-plasticity medium manganese steel is 0.1-2.0wt%. Through the design of main chemical components of the proportion of C, mn and Si, mn-poor and C-poor ferrite and Mn-rich and C-rich metastable austenite dual-phase structures can be obtained after the alloy is subjected to reverse transformation annealing at room temperature. During subsequent rapid heating hot forming, ferrite is reversed to austenite, and a high density Mn chemical interface is formed in austenite grains. During the cooling process of the full austenite structure, the chemical interface limits the martensite phase transformation to occur in a Mn-poor area, namely, the enriched Mn element in the original transformation annealing austenite area enables the austenite to be reserved to the room temperature, and the austenite of the original ferrite area forms the martensite structure due to insufficient stability. Thereby obtaining the high-strength high-plasticity medium manganese steel with the microstructure comprising austenite, martensite and ferrite
Optionally, in an embodiment of the present disclosure, the mass percentage of C in the high-strength high-ductility medium manganese steel is 0.17 to 0.27wt%, the mass percentage of Mn in the high-strength high-ductility medium manganese steel is 3.5 to 4.5wt%, and the mass percentage of Si in the high-strength high-ductility medium manganese steel is 0.3 to 0.5wt%.
In the embodiment of the disclosure, the chemical components of the high-strength high-plasticity medium manganese steel further comprise Nb, and the mass percentage of Nb is 0-0.2wt%.
In the embodiment of the disclosure, the chemical components of the high-strength high-plasticity medium manganese steel further comprise Mo, and the mass percent of the Mo is 0-3.0wt%.
It should be noted that, when designing the chemical component content of the high-strength and high-plasticity manganese steel, the following factors are considered:
1. since C is an element effective in securing the strength of the hot-formed steel, the C content is set to 0.05wt% or more. However, when the C content is too high, the toughness of the hot formed steel sheet is lowered and the wear of the hot forming die is increased. Therefore, the C content is set to 0.035wt% or less. Further, the upper limit value of the C content is preferably 0.27wt%, and the lower limit value is preferably 0.17wt%;
2. in the medium manganese steel, si can effectively inhibit the precipitation of cementite, so that the content of austenite in the steel is ensured. However, if the Si content is too high, the austenitizing temperature of the steel increases, which is disadvantageous for hot forming. Therefore, the Si content is set to 0.1 to 2.0wt%;
mn is a main element for stabilizing austenite, and the increase of Mn content can increase the austenite content in the system. However, if the Mn content is too high, the steel will have poor metallurgical and processing properties. Therefore, the Mn content is set to 2.0 to 5.0wt%;
and 4, adding microalloy elements such as Nb and Mo to refine grains of a dual-phase structure and improve yield strength and elongation. However, if the content is too high, the cost of the steel material increases accordingly. Therefore, the Nb content is set to 0 to 0.2wt%, and the Mo content is set to 0 to 3.0wt%.
In an embodiment of the disclosure, the chemical composition of the high-strength and high-ductility manganese steel further comprises at least one of 0-1.0wt% of V, 0-0.5wt% of Ti, 0-5.0wt% of Ni and 0-5.0wt% of Cu. The addition of the microalloy elements can inhibit interface migration, and the effect of refining grains is achieved, so that more excellent comprehensive mechanical properties are realized.
As shown in fig. 1A and 1B, in the embodiment of the present disclosure, in the step of performing reverse phase transformation annealing on the rolled medium manganese steel sheet in step 1, the annealing temperature is 550 to 700 ℃, and the annealing time is 1 to 10 hours.
Optionally, in an embodiment of the present disclosure, the annealing temperature is 620 to 650 ℃, and the annealing time is 2 to 8 hours.
As shown in fig. 1A and 1B, in the embodiment of the present disclosure, in the step 2 of rapidly heating the medium manganese steel plate after reverse phase transformation annealing to a temperature range of an austenite single-phase region, performing hot stamping within the temperature range of the austenite single-phase region, and then cooling to room temperature, the rapid heating rate is 20 to 300 ℃/s, the austenite single-phase region temperature is 780 to 1000 ℃, the hot stamping time is 0 to 180s, and the cooling rate is 5 to 1000 ℃/s.
Optionally, in an embodiment of the present disclosure, the rapid heating rate is 40 to 100 ℃/s, the austenite single-phase region temperature is 820 to 920 ℃, the hot stamping time is 0 to 5s, and the cooling rate is 20 to 300 ℃/s.
As shown in fig. 1A and 1B, in the embodiment of the present disclosure, in the step of baking the medium manganese steel plate cooled to room temperature in step 3, the baking temperature is 100 to 400 ℃, and the baking time is 5 to 180min.
Optionally, in the embodiment of the present disclosure, the baking temperature is 150 to 250 ℃, and the baking time is 10 to 60min.
In an embodiment of the present disclosure, before the step of performing inverse transformation annealing on the rolled middle manganese steel sheet in step 1, the method further includes:
step 10: the raw materials are proportioned according to the chemical components of the high-strength high-plasticity medium manganese steel, and cast into a casting blank by adopting a vacuum smelting technology, wherein a converter, an electric furnace or an induction furnace can be adopted for smelting, and the casting blank is produced by adopting continuous casting;
step 20: carrying out isothermal forging on the casting blank at 1000-1250 ℃ for 2-5h, and forging and rolling the casting blank into a plate under the condition that the finish forging temperature is not lower than 900 ℃;
step 30: keeping the temperature of the plate constant for 2-5h at 1000-1250 ℃; and rolling the isothermal plate into the medium manganese steel plate.
It should be noted that, when the manganese steel sheet is vacuum smelted in the step 10, the chemical components of the raw materials include C, mn, si and Fe, wherein: the mass percent of C in the raw material is 0.05-0.35wt%, the mass percent of Mn in the raw material is 2.0-5.0wt%, and the mass percent of Si in the raw material is 0.1-2.0wt%.
Optionally, in an embodiment of the present disclosure, in step 10, the mass percentage of C in the raw material is 0.17 to 0.27wt%, the mass percentage of Mn in the raw material is 3.5 to 4.5wt%, and the mass percentage of Si in the raw material is 0.3 to 0.5wt%.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the chemical composition of the raw material further includes Nb, the mass percentage of Nb being 0-0.2wt%.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the chemical composition of the raw material further includes Mo, and the mass percentage of Mo is 0 to 3.0wt%.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the chemical composition of the raw material further includes at least one of V0-1.0 wt%, ti 0-0.5wt%, ni 0-5.0wt%, and Cu 0-5.0 wt%.
Based on the method for preparing the high-strength high-plasticity medium manganese steel by adopting the rapid heating and hot forming process shown in fig. 1A and 1B, the embodiment of the disclosure also provides the high-strength high-plasticity medium manganese steel prepared by adopting the rapid heating and hot forming process, the chemical components of the high-strength high-plasticity medium manganese steel comprise C, mn, si and Fe, wherein: the mass percent of C in the high-strength high-plasticity medium manganese steel is 0.05-0.35wt%, the mass percent of Mn in the high-strength high-plasticity medium manganese steel is 2.0-5.0wt%, and the mass percent of Si in the high-strength high-plasticity medium manganese steel is 0.1-2.0wt%.
Optionally, in an embodiment of the present disclosure, the mass percentage of C in the high-strength high-ductility medium manganese steel is 0.17 to 0.27wt%, the mass percentage of Mn in the high-strength high-ductility medium manganese steel is 3.5 to 4.5wt%, and the mass percentage of Si in the high-strength high-ductility medium manganese steel is 0.3 to 0.5wt%.
In an embodiment of the disclosure, the high-strength high-ductility medium manganese steel has a microstructure including austenite, martensite and ferrite, wherein the volume ratio of the austenite in the high-strength high-ductility medium manganese steel is 10-25%, the volume ratio of the martensite in the high-strength high-ductility medium manganese steel is 70-90%, and the volume ratio of the ferrite in the high-strength high-ductility medium manganese steel is less than 5%.
Optionally, in the embodiment of the disclosure, the volume ratio of the austenite in the high-strength high-ductility manganese steel is 15-20%.
In the embodiment of the disclosure, the chemical components of the high-strength high-plasticity medium manganese steel further comprise Nb, and the mass percentage of Nb is 0-0.2wt%.
In the embodiment of the disclosure, the chemical components of the high-strength high-plasticity medium manganese steel further comprise Mo, and the mass percent of the Mo is 0-3.0wt%.
In the embodiment of the disclosure, the chemical components of the high-strength high-plasticity medium manganese steel further comprise at least one of 0-1.0wt% of V, 0-0.5wt% of Ti, 0-5.0wt% of Ni and 0-5.0wt% of Cu.
In the embodiment of the disclosure, the tensile strength of the high-strength high-plasticity medium manganese steel is 1200-2000MPa, the elongation is 10% -25%, and the product of strength and elongation is 20-35GPa%.
The embodiment of the disclosure retains 15% -20% of metastable austenite at room temperature with low Mn content by designing the main components of C and Mn elements. Meanwhile, on the basis, si element is properly added, so that the function of inhibiting the precipitation of cementite is achieved. In the ultra-rapid heating hot forming process adopted by the embodiment of the disclosure, the diffusion of Mn as a replacement alloy element is slow in the ultra-rapid heating process, and the long-range diffusion of Mn is inhibited due to the high heating speed. Thus, mn-rich and Mn-poor regions formed during the reverse transformation annealing are preserved, forming a high density chemical interface. During cooling, the martensite phase transformation is limited to a submicron-scale Mn-poor area by a chemical interface, so that the surrounding Mn-rich austenite is subjected to severe plastic deformation, high-density nano twin crystals are generated in the Mn-rich austenite, and finally an ultrafine martensite + nano twin crystal austenite structure is formed. The strength of austenite is improved by the nano twin crystal, the work hardening rate of the alloy is improved by the phase transformation induced plasticity effect of the austenite, and the strength of the hot-formed steel is greatly improved by the refined martensite structure. The diffusion of carbon from martensite to austenite occurs in the baking process after the rapid heating, the brittleness of the martensite is reduced, the deformation coordination capability between the martensite and the austenite is improved, and the toughness of the material is further improved. Therefore, the high-strength high-plasticity medium manganese steel with better strength and plasticity can be obtained through the design of the main components and the treatment of the rapid heating hot forming process.
The properties of the high-strength high-ductility medium manganese steel of the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the following examples and related experiments.
Example 1
The high-strength high-plasticity medium manganese steel is prepared by adopting a rapid heating hot forming process, and comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: c:0.23, mn:3.7%, si:0.4%, nb:0.05%, mo:0.05 percent, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities such as P, S, N and the like.
The method for preparing the high-strength high-plasticity medium manganese steel by adopting the rapid heating and hot forming process comprises the following steps:
(1) The raw materials are mixed according to the chemical components of the high-strength high-plasticity medium manganese steel, and a vacuum smelting technology is adopted to cast a casting blank;
(2) The casting blank is subjected to isothermal forging for 2 hours at 1200 ℃, and is forged into a plate at the finish forging temperature of not lower than 900 ℃;
(3) Isothermally keeping the temperature of the plate obtained by forging at 1200 ℃ for 2 hours, and rolling the plate to a hot rolled plate with the thickness of 5.0mm, wherein the final rolling temperature is not lower than 900 ℃;
(4) Rolling the plate obtained by hot rolling into a cold-rolled plate with the thickness of 1.0mm by using the total reduction rate of 80%;
(5) Cutting the obtained plate linearly to obtain a standard plate-shaped tensile sample with the gauge length of 10 mm;
(6) The plate-like drawn sample obtained in (5) was subjected to reverse phase transformation annealing at 630 ℃ for 5 hours using a box furnace, and the SEM image and EBSD image of the microstructure and phase distribution thereof are respectively shown in fig. 2 and 3, and it can be seen that the microstructure thereof includes a mixed structure of ultrafine ferrite 1 and metastable austenite 2;
(7) Rapidly heating the obtained reverse phase transition annealing sample to 860 ℃ at the heating rate of 100 ℃/s by using a thermal expansion phase transition instrument, preserving heat for 1s, and cooling to room temperature at the rate of 40 ℃/s;
(8) And (3) carrying out isothermal heating on the obtained rapid heating sample for 20min at 170 ℃ by using a thermal expansion phase change instrument to prepare the high-strength high-plasticity medium manganese steel.
The EBSD (electron back scattering) image of the microstructure of the high-strength high-plasticity medium manganese steel prepared by the rapid heating and hot forming process is shown in figure 4, wherein the volume ratio of the residual austenite 2 with high Mn content and C content in the high-strength high-plasticity medium manganese steel is 15-20%, the volume ratio of the martensite 3 with low Mn content and C content in the high-strength high-plasticity medium manganese steel is 70-90%, and the volume ratio of the iron cable body in the high-strength high-plasticity medium manganese steel is less than 5%.
The stress-strain curve of the high-strength high-plasticity medium manganese steel prepared by the second process of rapid heating and hot forming in the uniaxial tension is shown in figure 5.
Example 2
The high-strength high-plasticity medium manganese steel is prepared by adopting a rapid heating hot forming process, and comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: c:0.23, mn:3.7%, si:0.4%, nb:0.05%, mo:0.05%, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
The method for preparing the high-strength high-plasticity medium manganese steel by adopting the rapid heating hot forming process comprises the following steps of:
(1) The raw materials are mixed according to the chemical components of the high-strength high-plasticity medium manganese steel, and a vacuum smelting technology is adopted to cast a casting blank;
(2) The casting blank is subjected to isothermal forging for 2 hours at 1200 ℃, and is forged into a plate at the finish forging temperature of not lower than 900 ℃;
(3) Keeping the temperature of the plate obtained by forging isothermal for 2 hours at 1200 ℃, and rolling the plate to a hot rolled plate with the thickness of 5.0mm, wherein the finish rolling temperature is not lower than 900 ℃;
(4) Rolling the plate obtained by hot rolling into a cold-rolled plate with the thickness of 1.0mm by using the total reduction rate of 80%;
(5) Cutting the obtained plate to obtain a standard plate-shaped tensile sample with the gauge length of 10 mm;
(6) Performing reverse phase transformation annealing on the plate-shaped tensile sample obtained in the step (5) for 5 hours at 630 ℃ by using a box furnace to obtain a superfine ferrite-metastable austenite mixed structure;
(7) Rapidly heating the obtained reverse transformation annealing sample to 860 ℃ at a heating rate of 50 ℃/s by using a thermal expansion phase change instrument, preserving heat for 1s, and cooling to room temperature at a rate of 40 ℃/s;
(8) And (3) carrying out isothermal heating on the obtained rapid heating sample for 20min at 170 ℃ by using a thermal expansion phase change instrument to prepare the high-strength high-plasticity medium manganese steel.
The volume ratio of the residual austenite with high Mn content and C content in the microstructure of the high-strength high-plasticity medium manganese steel prepared by the rapid heating and hot forming process is 15-20%, the volume ratio of the martensite with low Mn content and C content in the high-strength high-plasticity medium manganese steel is 70-90%, and the volume ratio of the ferrite in the high-strength high-plasticity medium manganese steel is less than 5%.
Example 3
The high-strength high-plasticity medium manganese steel is prepared by adopting a rapid heating hot forming process, and comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: c:0.23, mn:3.7%, si:0.4%, nb:0.05%, mo:0.05%, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
The method for preparing the high-strength high-plasticity medium manganese steel by adopting the rapid heating hot forming process comprises the following steps of:
(1) The raw materials are mixed according to the chemical components of the high-strength high-plasticity medium manganese steel, and a vacuum smelting technology is adopted to cast a casting blank;
(2) The casting blank is subjected to isothermal forging for 2 hours at 1200 ℃, and plates with different specifications are formed by forging at the finish forging temperature of not lower than 900 ℃;
(3) Isothermally keeping the temperature of the plate obtained by forging at 1200 ℃ for 2 hours, and rolling the plate to a hot rolled plate with the thickness of 5.0mm, wherein the final rolling temperature is not lower than 900 ℃;
(4) Rolling the plate obtained by hot rolling into a cold-rolled plate with the thickness of 1.0mm by using the total reduction rate of 80%;
(5) Cutting the obtained plate linearly to obtain a standard plate-shaped tensile sample with the gauge length of 10 mm;
(6) Performing reverse phase transformation annealing on the plate-shaped tensile sample obtained in the step (5) for 8 hours at 630 ℃ by using a box furnace to obtain an ultrafine ferrite-metastable austenite mixed structure;
(7) Rapidly heating the obtained reverse transformation annealing sample to 860 ℃ at the heating rate of 100 ℃/s by using a thermal expansion phase change instrument, preserving heat for 1s, and cooling to room temperature at the rate of 40 ℃/s;
(8) And (3) carrying out isothermal heating on the obtained rapid heating sample for 20min at 170 ℃ by using a thermal expansion phase change instrument to prepare the high-strength high-plasticity medium manganese steel.
The volume ratio of the residual austenite with high Mn content and C content in the microstructure of the high-strength high-plasticity medium manganese steel prepared by the rapid heating and hot forming process is 15-20%, the volume ratio of the martensite with low Mn content and C content in the high-strength high-plasticity medium manganese steel is 70-90%, and the volume ratio of the ferrite in the high-strength high-plasticity medium manganese steel is less than 5%.
Comparative example 1:
in the comparative example, the chemical components of the used medium manganese steel are as follows by mass percent: c:0.23, mn:3.7%, si:0.4%, nb:0.05%, mo:0.05%, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
The medium manganese steel with the components is smelted and then treated according to the following operations:
(1) The casting blank is subjected to isothermal forging for 2 hours at 1200 ℃, and is forged into a plate at the finish forging temperature of not lower than 900 ℃;
(2) Keeping the temperature of the plate obtained by forging isothermal for 2 hours at 1200 ℃, and rolling the plate to a hot rolled plate with the thickness of 5.0mm, wherein the finish rolling temperature is not lower than 900 ℃;
(3) Rolling the plate obtained by forging and hot rolling into a cold-rolled plate with the thickness of 1.0mm by using the total reduction rate of 80%;
(4) Cutting the obtained plate linearly to obtain a standard plate-shaped tensile sample with the gauge length of 10 mm;
(5) Performing reverse phase transformation annealing on the plate-shaped tensile sample obtained in the step (4) for 5 hours at 630 ℃ by using a box furnace to obtain a superfine ferrite-metastable austenite mixed structure;
the middle manganese steel sheets prepared in examples 1 to 3 and comparative example 1 were subjected to tensile property tests, and the test results are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 tensile Property results of manganese Steel sheet
| Tensile strength/MPa | Elongation/percent | Strength and elongation/GPa% | |
| Example 1 | 1788 | 19.4 | 34.7 |
| Example 2 | 1773 | 17.2 | 30.5 |
| Example 3 | 1629 | 18.2 | 29.6 |
| Comparative example 1 | 828 | 38.8 | 32.1 |
As can be seen from table 1, in the high-strength and high-plasticity medium manganese steel prepared by the rapid thermal forming process according to the embodiment of the present disclosure, austenite in the microstructure is fully transformed into martensite by the TRIP effect during the uniaxial tension, so that the tensile strength is significantly improved, and the high plasticity is maintained.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that various combinations and/or combinations of features recited in the various embodiments and/or claims of the present disclosure can be made, even if such combinations or combinations are not expressly recited in the present disclosure. In particular, various combinations and/or combinations of the features recited in the various embodiments and/or claims of the present disclosure may be made without departing from the spirit or teaching of the present disclosure. All such combinations and/or associations are within the scope of the present disclosure.
The embodiments of the present disclosure have been described above. However, these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Although the embodiments are described separately above, this does not mean that the measures in the embodiments cannot be used in advantageous combination. The scope of the disclosure is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof. Various alternatives and modifications can be devised by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the present disclosure, and such alternatives and modifications are intended to be within the scope of the present disclosure.
Claims (20)
1. The preparation method of the high-strength high-plasticity medium manganese steel is characterized by adopting a rapid heating hot forming process, and comprises the following steps:
carrying out reverse phase transformation annealing on the rolled medium manganese steel plate;
rapidly heating the medium manganese steel plate subjected to reverse phase transformation annealing to a temperature range of an austenite single-phase region, performing hot stamping forming within the temperature range of the austenite single-phase region, and then cooling to room temperature; and
and baking the medium manganese steel plate cooled to room temperature to obtain the high-strength high-plasticity medium manganese steel with a microstructure comprising austenite, martensite and ferrite.
2. The manufacturing method according to claim 1, wherein in the step of baking the medium manganese steel sheet cooled to room temperature to obtain the high-strength high-plasticity medium manganese steel with a microstructure comprising austenite, martensite and ferrite, the volume ratio of austenite to high-strength high-plasticity medium manganese steel is [10, 25]%, the volume ratio of martensite to high-strength high-plasticity medium manganese steel is [70, 90]%, and the volume ratio of ferrite to high-strength high-plasticity medium manganese steel is less than 5%.
3. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the chemical components of the high-strength high-plasticity medium manganese steel comprise C, mn, si and Fe, wherein:
the mass percentage of the C in the high-strength high-plasticity medium manganese steel is [0.05,0.35] ]wt%,
the mass percentage of Mn in the high-strength high-plasticity medium manganese steel is [2.0,5.0] ]wt%,
the mass percentage of the Si in the high-strength high-plasticity medium manganese steel is [0.1,2.0] wt%.
4. The method according to claim 3,
the mass percentage of the C in the high-strength high-plasticity medium manganese steel is [0.17,0.27] ]wt%,
the mass percentage of Mn in the high-strength high-plasticity medium manganese steel is [3.5,4.5] ]wt%,
the mass percentage of the Si in the high-strength high-plasticity medium manganese steel is [0.3,0.5] wt%.
5. The preparation method according to claim 3, wherein the chemical components of the high-strength high-plasticity medium manganese steel further comprise Nb, and the mass percent of Nb is [0,0.2] wt%.
6. The production method according to claim 3 or 5, wherein the chemical composition of the high-strength and high-plasticity medium manganese steel further comprises Mo, and the mass percent of the Mo is [0,3.0] wt%.
7. The production method according to claim 6, wherein the chemical composition of the high-strength high-ductility medium manganese steel further includes at least one of V in a mass percentage of [0,1.0] wt%, ti in a mass percentage of [0,0.5] wt%, ni in a mass percentage of [0,5.0] wt%, and Cu in a mass percentage of [0,5.0] wt%.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step of performing reverse phase transformation annealing on the rolled medium manganese steel sheet, the annealing temperature is 550-700 ℃ and the annealing time is 1-10 hours.
9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the annealing temperature is 620-650 ℃, and the annealing time is 2-8h.
10. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step of rapidly heating the medium manganese steel sheet after reverse phase transformation annealing to a temperature within an austenite single-phase region, performing hot stamping within the austenite single-phase region, and then cooling to room temperature, the rapid heating rate is 20-300 ℃/s, the austenite single-phase region temperature is 780-1000 ℃, the hot stamping time is 0-180s, and the cooling rate is 5-1000 ℃/s.
11. The method according to claim 10, wherein the rapid heating rate is 40-100 ℃/s, the austenite single-phase region temperature range is 820-920 ℃, the hot stamping time is 0-5s, and the cooling rate is 20-300 ℃/s.
12. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step of baking the medium manganese steel plate cooled to room temperature, the baking temperature is 100-400 ℃, and the baking time is 5-180min.
13. The method according to claim 12, wherein the baking temperature is 150 to 250 ℃ and the baking time is 10 to 60min.
14. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of reverse phase transformation annealing the rolled medium manganese steel sheet is preceded by the steps of:
according to the mass percentage ratio of the chemical components of the medium manganese steel plate, casting the medium manganese steel plate into a casting blank by adopting a vacuum smelting technology;
carrying out isothermal forging on the casting blank at 1000-1250 ℃ for 2-5h, and forging and rolling the casting blank into a plate under the condition that the finish forging temperature is not lower than 900 ℃;
keeping the temperature of the plate constant for 2-5h at 1000-1250 ℃;
and rolling the isothermal plate into the medium manganese steel plate.
15. A high-strength high-plasticity medium manganese steel prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the chemical components of the high-strength high-plasticity medium manganese steel comprise C, mn, si and Fe, wherein:
the mass percentage of the C in the high-strength high-plasticity medium manganese steel is [0.05,0.35] ]wt%,
the mass percentage of Mn in the high-strength high-plasticity medium manganese steel is [2.0,5.0] ]wt%,
the mass percentage of the Si in the high-strength high-plasticity medium manganese steel is [0.1,2.0] wt%.
16. The high-strength high-ductility medium manganese steel according to claim 15,
the mass percentage of the C in the high-strength high-plasticity medium manganese steel is [0.17,0.27] ]wt%,
the mass percentage of the Mn in the high-strength high-plasticity medium manganese steel is (3.5, 4.5) wt%,
the mass percent of the Si in the high-strength and high-plasticity manganese steel is [0.3,0.5] wt%.
17. The high-strength high-plasticity medium manganese steel according to claim 15, wherein the high-strength high-plasticity medium manganese steel has a microstructure comprising austenite, martensite and ferrite, wherein the austenite is present in the high-strength high-plasticity medium manganese steel in a percentage by volume of [10, 25]%, the martensite is present in the high-strength high-plasticity medium manganese steel in a percentage by volume of [70, 90]%, and the ferrite is present in the high-strength high-plasticity medium manganese steel in a percentage by volume of less than 5%.
18. The high-strength high-ductility medium manganese steel according to claim 15, characterized in that the chemical composition of the high-strength high-ductility medium manganese steel further comprises Nb, the mass percentage of Nb being [0,0.2] wt%.
19. The high-strength high-plasticity medium manganese steel according to claim 15 or 18, wherein the chemical composition of the high-strength high-plasticity medium manganese steel further comprises Mo, and the mass percent of the Mo is [0,3.0] wt%.
20. The high-strength high-ductility medium manganese steel according to claim 19, characterized in that the chemical composition of the high-strength high-ductility medium manganese steel further comprises at least one of V in a mass percentage of [0,1.0] wt%, ti in a mass percentage of [0,0.5] wt%, ni in a mass percentage of [0,5.0] wt%, and Cu in a mass percentage of [0,5.0] wt%.
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