CN115949708B - Three-gear speed change system and driving system of heavy new energy automobile and working method of three-gear speed change system and driving system - Google Patents
Three-gear speed change system and driving system of heavy new energy automobile and working method of three-gear speed change system and driving system Download PDFInfo
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- CN115949708B CN115949708B CN202211702494.9A CN202211702494A CN115949708B CN 115949708 B CN115949708 B CN 115949708B CN 202211702494 A CN202211702494 A CN 202211702494A CN 115949708 B CN115949708 B CN 115949708B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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Abstract
The invention discloses a novel three-gear speed change system, a driving system and a working method of a heavy new energy automobile. The front auxiliary box comprises an input shaft, a first synchronizer, a first transmission shaft and a second transmission shaft, wherein the input shaft is connected with the driver and is connected and switched through the first synchronizer; the input shaft is coupled with the second drive shaft with or without the first drive shaft and the drive gear. The main box comprises a double intermediate shaft A, a double intermediate shaft B and a second synchronizer, and the double intermediate shaft A and the double intermediate shaft B are symmetrically arranged by taking an output shaft as a center through connection and switching of the second synchronizer; the second transmission shaft is connected with the output shaft through two groups of transmission gears with different speed ratios. The invention has more compact structure and lower cost, and can meet the use requirements of various working conditions of heavy new energy automobiles.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of gear shifting of electric trucks, and particularly relates to a three-gear speed change system, a driving system and a working method of a heavy new energy automobile, wherein the three-gear speed change system is provided with three gears and adopts a high-speed and low-torque motor as a drive.
Background
Electric automobiles are vigorously developed in the freight field, and due to the high carbon dioxide emission, a large part of new energy automobiles in diesel trucks are being replaced by zero emission in various countries, and meanwhile, motors are cleaner and quieter than diesel engines, which is beneficial to the sustainable development of the environment and cities. The driving motor is powered by the vehicle power supply, the motor converts the power of the power supply into mechanical energy, and the driving motor directly drives the wheels and the working device through the transmission device. The heavy new energy automobile, especially heavy duty truck, features frequent start, acceleration, deceleration, stopping, etc. Heavy truck requires high torque during start and climbing and high rotation speed during high-speed cruising. The driving system is required to meet the high torque requirement and the high rotating speed requirement.
The existing heavy new energy automobile is mainly driven by a low-speed high-torque motor with the highest rotating speed of about 3000 r/min. Followed by a multi-speed automatic transmission. Because of the low motor speed and narrow operating speed range, the gearbox is typically required to have 4 to 6 gears, and the gearbox system is relatively complex. Moreover, the motor has large size, heavy weight and high cost due to large torque. Therefore, there is a need to design a new heavy new energy automobile speed changing system and driving system, which reduces weight, simplifies structure and reduces cost.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects existing in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a driving system adopting a high-rotation-speed motor (the maximum rotation speed is 6000-7000 r/min) and a three-gear speed change system with a simple structure, so that the aims of reducing weight, simplifying a mechanism and reducing cost are fulfilled. The speed change system adopts the structure of a front auxiliary box and a main box, and a synchronizer is respectively arranged in the front auxiliary box and the main box, so that the speed change switching of three gears can be realized in a combined way. The main box adopts a double-intermediate-shaft structure, so that the center distance is reduced, the tooth width is reduced, the structure is more compact, and the cost is lower. The speed change system adopts four-stage transmission as one gear, and can realize a large speed ratio, thereby meeting the power performance requirements of maximum climbing and starting acceleration of the heavy new energy automobile. 2. The three gears are in two-stage transmission, the efficiency is high, the speed ratio covers the common speed and the maximum speed, and the economic requirement of high endurance mileage of the heavy new energy automobile is met.
In order to achieve the aim, the invention provides a three-gear speed change system of a heavy new energy automobile, which comprises a front auxiliary box and a main box, wherein the front auxiliary box is connected with power input, the main box outputs power, the main box is connected with the front auxiliary box and transmits power,
the front auxiliary box comprises an input shaft, a first synchronizer, a first transmission shaft and a second transmission shaft, wherein the input shaft is connected with the driver and is connected and switched through the first synchronizer; the input shaft is connected with the second transmission shaft through or without the first transmission shaft and the transmission gear,
the main box comprises a double intermediate shaft A, a double intermediate shaft B and a second synchronizer, and the double intermediate shaft A and the double intermediate shaft B are symmetrically arranged by taking an output shaft as a center through connection and switching of the second synchronizer; the second transmission shaft is connected with the output shaft through two groups of transmission gears with different speed ratios.
In the heavy new energy automobile three-gear speed change system, the front auxiliary box further comprises a first gear fixedly connected to the input shaft, a second gear and a third gear fixedly connected to the first transmission shaft, a fourth gear sleeved on the second transmission shaft and not fixedly connected to the second transmission shaft, and a fifth gear fixedly connected to the second transmission shaft, wherein the first gear is meshed with the second gear, the third gear is meshed with the fourth gear, and the first synchronizer can maintain three states of interruption, combination with the first gear and combination with the fourth gear.
In the heavy new energy automobile three-gear speed changing system, the main box further comprises a sixth gear, a ninth gear and an eleventh gear which are fixedly connected to the double main shaft A, a seventh gear, a tenth gear and a thirteenth gear which are fixedly connected to the double main shaft B, and an eighth gear and a twelfth gear which are sleeved and not fixedly connected to the output shaft, wherein the sixth gear and the seventh gear are symmetrically arranged around the output shaft and are engaged with the fifth gear, the ninth gear and the tenth gear are symmetrically arranged around the output shaft and are engaged with the eighth gear, the eleventh gear and the thirteenth gear are symmetrically arranged around the output shaft and are engaged with the twelfth gear, and the second synchronizer can maintain three states of interruption, combination with the eighth gear and combination with the twelfth gear.
In the heavy new energy automobile three-gear speed change system, the two ends of the first transmission shaft, the double intermediate shaft A and the double intermediate shaft B are respectively connected with bearings arranged on the shell, and the rear end of the second transmission shaft is supported inside the shell through the bearings.
Correspondingly, the three-gear driving system of the heavy new energy automobile comprises the three-gear speed changing system of the heavy new energy automobile and further comprises a driving motor, wherein the driving motor is connected with the input shaft to input power.
In the heavy new energy automobile three-gear driving system, the motor is an axial magnetic flux disc motor.
Correspondingly, discloses a working method of the heavy new energy automobile, which comprises the following working modes,
neutral mode: the second synchronizer is interrupted, the first synchronizer is combined with the fourth gear,
first grade climbing mode: the first synchronizer is combined with the fourth gear, the second synchronizer is combined with the twelfth gear,
second gear normal mode: the first synchronizer is combined with the first gear, the second synchronizer is combined with the twelfth gear,
three-gear high speed mode: the first synchronizer is combined with the first gear, the second synchronizer is combined with the eighth gear,
the ratio of the eleventh, thirteenth and twelfth gears is greater than the ratio of the ninth, tenth and eighth gears.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention avoids the use of a motor with larger torque, adopts a high-speed driving motor, and has smaller volume, lighter weight and lower cost under the condition of the same power. The speed change system adopts the design of a front auxiliary box and a main box, one synchronizer is respectively arranged in the main box and the auxiliary box, and the two synchronizers sequentially act to realize the rapid switching of three gears. The three speed ratios are matched with the high-speed motor, so that the power performance requirements of the maximum climbing and starting acceleration of the heavy new energy automobile can be met, the economic target gear shifting response time of the high-endurance mileage is realized at the same time, the power performance requirements of the maximum climbing and starting acceleration of the heavy new energy automobile can be met, and the economic target of the high-endurance mileage is realized at the same time.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a three-gear transmission system of a heavy new energy automobile according to the invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a three-gear electric drive system of the heavy new energy automobile according to the invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic power transmission diagram of the three-gear electric drive system of the heavy new energy automobile in a neutral mode;
fig. 4 is a schematic power transmission diagram of the three-gear electric drive system of the heavy new energy automobile in a first gear mode;
fig. 5 is a schematic power transmission diagram of the three-gear electric drive system of the heavy new energy automobile in a second gear mode;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of power transmission of the three-gear electric drive system of the heavy new energy automobile in a three-gear mode.
In the figure: 1. input shaft, 2, first transmission shaft, 3, first synchronizer, 4, second transmission shaft, 5, double intermediate shaft a,6, double intermediate shaft B,7, second synchronizer, 8, output shaft, 901, first gear, 902, second gear, 903, third gear, 904, fourth gear, 905, fifth gear, 906, sixth gear, 907, seventh gear, 908, eighth gear, 909, ninth gear, 910, tenth gear, 911, eleventh gear, 912, twelfth gear, 913, thirteenth gear, 10, driving motor.
Detailed Description
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, it being understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are for illustration and explanation of the present invention only, and are not intended to limit the present invention.
Embodiment one: as shown in FIG. 1, the three-gear speed change system of the heavy new energy automobile comprises a front auxiliary box and a main box, wherein the front auxiliary box is connected with power input, the main box outputs power, and the main box is connected with the front auxiliary box and transmits power.
The front auxiliary box comprises an input shaft 1, a first synchronizer 3, a first transmission shaft 2 and a second transmission shaft 4, wherein the input shaft 1 is connected with a driver, and the connection and the switching of the first synchronizer 3 are performed; the input shaft 1 is coupled with the second drive shaft 4 with or without the first drive shaft 2, the drive gear. The front auxiliary box further comprises a first gear 901 fixedly connected to the input shaft 1, a second gear 902 and a third gear 903 fixedly connected to the first transmission shaft 2, a fourth gear 904 sleeved and not fixedly connected to the second transmission shaft 4, and a fifth gear 905 fixedly connected to the second transmission shaft 4, wherein the first gear 901 is meshed with the second gear 902, the third gear 903 is meshed with the fourth gear 904, and the first synchronizer 3 can maintain three states of interruption, combination with the first gear 901 and combination with the second gear 902.
The main box comprises a double intermediate shaft A5, a double intermediate shaft B6 and a second synchronizer 7, and the double intermediate shaft A5 and the double intermediate shaft B6 are symmetrically arranged by taking an output shaft 8 as a center through the connection and the switching of the second synchronizer 7; the second transmission shaft 4 is connected with the output shaft 8 through two groups of transmission gears with different speed ratios. The main box further comprises a sixth gear 906, a ninth gear 909 and an eleventh gear 911 which are fixedly connected to the double main shaft a, a seventh gear 907, a tenth gear 910 and a thirteenth gear 913 which are fixedly connected to the double main shaft B, an eighth gear 908 and a twelfth gear 912 which are sleeved and not fixedly connected to the output shaft 8, wherein the sixth gear 906 and the seventh gear 907 are symmetrically arranged around the output shaft 8 and are engaged with the fifth gear 905, the ninth gear 909 and the tenth gear 910 are symmetrically arranged around the output shaft 8 and are engaged with the eighth gear 908, the eleventh gear 911 and the thirteenth gear 913 are symmetrically arranged around the output shaft 8 and are engaged with the twelfth gear 912, and the second synchronizer 7 can maintain three states of interruption, combination with the eighth gear 908 and combination with the twelfth gear 912.
The two ends of the first transmission shaft 2, the double intermediate shaft A5 and the double intermediate shaft B6 are respectively connected with bearings arranged in the shell, and the rear end of the second transmission shaft 4 is supported in the shell through the bearings.
Embodiment two:
as shown in fig. 2, a three-gear driving system of a heavy new energy automobile includes the three-gear speed change system of the heavy new energy automobile in the first embodiment, and further includes a driving motor 10, where the driving motor 10 is connected with the input shaft 1 to perform power input. The motor is preferably an axial flux disc motor.
Correspondingly, discloses a working method of the heavy new energy automobile, which comprises the following working modes,
as shown in fig. 3, neutral mode: the second synchronizer 7 is interrupted, the first synchronizer 3 is coupled with the fourth gear 904,
as shown in fig. 4, first gear hill climbing mode: the first synchronizer 3 is combined with the fourth gear 904, the second synchronizer 7 is combined with the twelfth gear 912,
as shown in fig. 5, the second-gear normal mode: the first synchronizer 3 is coupled with the first gear 901, the second synchronizer 7 is coupled with the twelfth gear 912,
as shown in fig. 6, the three-gear high speed mode: the first synchronizer 3 is coupled with the first gear 901, the second synchronizer 7 is coupled with the eighth gear 908,
the ratio of the eleventh, thirteenth and twelfth gears 911, 913, 912 is greater than the ratio of the ninth, tenth and eighth gears 909, 910, 908.
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
the invention discloses an electric drive system and a multi-gear speed change system which can be matched with a heavy new energy automobile. Different from the traditional low-rotation-speed and high-torque electric drive system, the electric drive system disclosed by the invention adopts a novel motor with higher rotation speed, and the rotation speed is more than 7000 r/min; preferably, the axial flux disc type motor has the advantages that the rotation speed of the motor is doubled, the volume and the weight are reduced by half, and the cost is lower under the same power.
The multi-gear speed change system adopts the structure of a front auxiliary box and a main box, and a synchronizer is respectively arranged in the front auxiliary box and the main box, so that the speed change switching of three gears can be realized in a combined way. The main box adopts a double-intermediate-shaft structure, so that the center distance is reduced, the tooth width is reduced, the structure is more compact, and the cost is lower. The speed change system adopts four-stage transmission as one gear, and can realize a large speed ratio, thereby meeting the power performance requirements of maximum climbing and starting acceleration of the heavy new energy automobile. 2. The three gears are in two-stage transmission, the efficiency is high, the speed ratio covers the common speed and the maximum speed, and the economic requirement of high endurance mileage of the heavy new energy automobile is met.
As shown in fig. 3-6 of the specification, the positions of the synchronizers corresponding to the gears of the transmission and the power transmission route are as follows:
neutral gear: the first synchronizer 3 is combined with the fourth gear 904, the second synchronizer 7 is not combined, and the power transmission route is that an input shaft 1, a first gear 901, a second gear 902, a first transmission shaft 2, a third gear 903, a fourth gear 904, the first synchronizer 3 and a second transmission shaft 4, such as a double intermediate shaft A5 and a double intermediate shaft B6 are additionally provided with power take-off devices, so that the vehicle can be stopped;
a first gear: the four-stage transmission is adopted, the speed ratio is large, the first synchronizer 3 is combined with the fourth gear 904, the second synchronizer 7 is combined with the twelfth gear 912, the power transmission route is that an input shaft 1, a first gear 901, a second gear 902, a first transmission shaft 2, a third gear 903, a fourth gear 904, the first synchronizer 3 and a second transmission shaft 4 are connected with a double intermediate shaft A5 through a sixth gear 906, a seventh gear 907 is connected with a double intermediate shaft B6, the twelfth gear 912 is jointly driven through an eleventh gear 911 and a thirteenth gear 913 in two ways, and an output shaft 8 is driven through the second synchronizer 7;
second gear: for two-stage transmission, the first synchronizer 3 is combined with the first gear 901, the second synchronizer 7 is combined with the twelfth gear 912, the power transmission route is that the input shaft 1, the first gear 901, the first synchronizer 3 and the second transmission shaft 4 are connected with the double intermediate shaft A5 through the sixth gear 906, the double intermediate shaft B6 through the seventh gear 907, the twelfth gear 912 is driven by the eleventh gear 911 and the thirteenth gear 913 in two ways, and the output shaft 8 is driven by the second synchronizer 7;
three gears: for two-stage transmission, the first synchronizer 3 is combined with the first gear 901, the second synchronizer 7 is combined with the eighth gear 908, the power transmission route is that the input shaft 1, the first gear 901, the first synchronizer 3 and the second transmission shaft 4 are connected, then, the sixth gear 906 is connected with the double intermediate shaft A5, the seventh gear 907 is connected with the double intermediate shaft B6, the eighth gear 908 is jointly driven by the ninth gear 909 and the tenth gear 910 in two ways, and the output shaft 8 is driven by the second synchronizer 7.
The main box and the auxiliary box are respectively provided with a synchronizer, and three gears are switched through combination. And when the adjacent gears are switched, only one synchronizer acts, so that the problems of complexity in control of linkage of the two synchronizers and long power interruption time are avoided.
The foregoing has outlined and described the basic principles, features, and advantages of the present invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical concept and features of the present invention, and the present invention can be implemented by those skilled in the art without limiting the scope of the invention, therefore, all equivalent changes or modifications that are made according to the spirit of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A three-gear speed change system of a heavy new energy automobile is characterized in that: comprises a front auxiliary box and a main box, wherein the front auxiliary box is connected with power input, the main box outputs power, the main box is connected with the front auxiliary box and transmits power,
the front auxiliary box comprises an input shaft (1), a first synchronizer (3), a first transmission shaft (2) and a second transmission shaft (4), wherein the input shaft (1) is connected with a driver, and the connection and the switching of the first synchronizer (3) are performed; the input shaft (1) is connected with the second transmission shaft (4) through or without the first transmission shaft (2) and the transmission gear,
the main box comprises a double intermediate shaft A (5), a double intermediate shaft B (6) and a second synchronizer (7), and the double intermediate shaft A (5) and the double intermediate shaft B (6) are symmetrically arranged by taking an output shaft (8) as a center through connection and switching of the second synchronizer (7); the second transmission shaft (4) is connected with the output shaft (8) through two groups of transmission gears with different speed ratios;
the front auxiliary box further comprises a first gear (901) fixedly connected to the input shaft (1), a second gear (902) and a third gear (903) fixedly connected to the first transmission shaft (2), a fourth gear (904) sleeved and not fixedly connected to the second transmission shaft (4), and a fifth gear (905) fixedly connected to the second transmission shaft (4), wherein the first gear (901) is meshed with the second gear (902), the third gear (903) is meshed with the fourth gear (904), and the first synchronizer (3) can maintain three states of interruption, combination with the first gear (901) and combination with the fourth gear (904);
the main box further comprises a sixth gear (906), a ninth gear (909) and an eleventh gear (911) which are fixedly connected to the double main shaft A, a seventh gear (907), a tenth gear (910) and a thirteenth gear (913) which are fixedly connected to the double main shaft B, and an eighth gear (908) and a twelfth gear (912) which are sleeved and not fixedly connected to the output shaft (8), wherein the sixth gear (906) and the seventh gear (907) are symmetrically arranged by taking the output shaft (8) as a center and are engaged with the fifth gear (905), the ninth gear (909) and the tenth gear (910) are symmetrically arranged by taking the output shaft (8) as a center and are engaged with the eighth gear (908), the eleventh gear (911) and the thirteenth gear (913) are symmetrically arranged by taking the output shaft (8) as a center and are engaged with the twelfth gear (912), and the second synchronizer (7) can maintain three states of interruption, combination with the eighth gear (908) and combination with the twelfth gear (912).
2. The three-gear speed change system of the heavy new energy automobile according to claim 1, wherein: the two ends of the first transmission shaft (2), the double intermediate shafts A (5) and the double intermediate shafts B (6) are respectively connected with bearings arranged in the shell, and the rear end of the second transmission shaft (4) is supported in the shell through the bearings.
3. A heavy new energy automobile three keeps off actuating system, includes a heavy new energy automobile three keeps off speed change system of claim 1 or 2, its characterized in that: the motor also comprises a driving motor (10), wherein the driving motor (10) is connected with the input shaft (1) for power input.
4. A heavy new energy automobile three-gear drive system according to claim 3, characterized in that: the driving motor (10) is an axial flux disc type motor.
5. The working method of the heavy new energy automobile according to claim 1, wherein the working method comprises the following steps of: comprising the following modes of operation,
neutral mode: the second synchronizer (7) is interrupted, the first synchronizer (3) is combined with the fourth gear (904),
first grade climbing mode: the first synchronizer (3) is combined with the fourth gear (904), the second synchronizer (7) is combined with the twelfth gear (912),
second gear normal mode: the first synchronizer (3) is combined with the first gear (901), the second synchronizer (7) is combined with the twelfth gear (912),
three-gear high speed mode: the first synchronizer (3) is combined with the first gear (901), the second synchronizer (7) is combined with the eighth gear (908),
the ratio of the eleventh gear (911), thirteenth gear (913) and twelfth gear (912) is greater than the ratio of the ninth gear (909), tenth gear (910) and eighth gear (908).
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| CN202211702494.9A CN115949708B (en) | 2022-12-28 | 2022-12-28 | Three-gear speed change system and driving system of heavy new energy automobile and working method of three-gear speed change system and driving system |
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| CN202211702494.9A CN115949708B (en) | 2022-12-28 | 2022-12-28 | Three-gear speed change system and driving system of heavy new energy automobile and working method of three-gear speed change system and driving system |
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