CN115930499A - Ice making and heat recovery system and ice making and heat recovery method - Google Patents
Ice making and heat recovery system and ice making and heat recovery method Download PDFInfo
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- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 89
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 42
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 40
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 15
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 38
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 19
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 19
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009795 derivation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011555 saturated liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of ice making, and provides an ice making and heat recovery system and an ice making and heat recovery method. Based on the pressure-enthalpy diagram, the ice making temperature and the heat utilization temperature setting parameters, the ice making and heat recovery system can quickly regulate and control the ice making temperature according to the optimal energy efficiency ratio and meet the heat utilization requirements of users, so that the temperature fluctuation and the energy loss in the running process of the ice making and total heat recovery system in an ice rink are reduced, and the ice making efficiency, the ice making quality and the heat recovery efficiency are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ice making, in particular to an ice making and heat recovery system and an ice making and heat recovery method.
Background
The prior art ice making system generally includes a compressor, an ice making heat exchanger, a condenser, and a throttle valve, wherein the compressor, the ice making heat exchanger, the condenser, and the throttle valve are connected in a circulation loop. When ice making is needed, a compressor of the ice making system is started, and an operator usually needs to manually adjust the opening degree of a valve port of a throttle valve and the running speed of the compressor according to experience based on the temperature needed by ice making. This manual adjustment is limited by the operator's experience, and the error in adjustment is large, resulting in large temperature fluctuations and high energy losses in the ice-making system.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an ice making and heat recovering system and an ice making and heat recovering method, which are used for overcoming the defects that in the prior art, the temperature fluctuation of an ice making system is large and the energy loss is high due to the fact that a manual adjusting mode is limited by the experience of an operator and the adjusting error is large, and realizing the effect of automatic adjustment based on the user requirements.
The invention provides an ice making and heat recovery system, which comprises a first compressor, a first throttling valve, an ice making heat exchanger, a second compressor, a cooler, a second throttling valve, an intermediate heat exchanger and a control unit, wherein the intermediate heat exchanger comprises a heat release channel and a heat absorption channel which can exchange heat;
the first compressor, the heat release channel, the first throttling valve and the ice-making heat exchanger are sequentially connected to form an ice-making circulation loop, and the second compressor, the cooler, the second throttling valve and the heat absorption channel are sequentially connected to form a heat recovery circulation loop;
the first throttle valve, the first compressor, the second throttle valve, and the second compressor are all connected to the control unit, and the control unit sets operating parameters of the first throttle valve, the first compressor, the second throttle valve, and the second compressor based on a pressure-enthalpy diagram, an ice making temperature, and a heat usage temperature.
According to the ice making and heat recovery system provided by the invention, the ice making and heat recovery system further comprises a first detection device, the first detection device is used for detecting an inlet pressure value, an inlet temperature value, an outlet pressure value and an outlet temperature value of the first compressor and the second compressor, the first detection device is connected with the control unit, and the control unit adjusts the working parameters of at least one of the first throttle valve, the first compressor, the second throttle valve and the second compressor based on the information detected by the first detection device.
The ice making and heat recovery system further comprises a flow control valve and a second detection device, wherein the flow control valve is arranged between the first throttling valve and the ice making heat exchanger, the second detection device is used for detecting the ice surface temperature, the second detection device and the flow control valve are both connected with the control unit, and the control unit adjusts the working parameters of the flow control valve based on the ice surface temperature.
According to the ice making and heat recovery system provided by the invention, the ice making and heat recovery system further comprises a gas-liquid separator, wherein an inlet of the gas-liquid separator is connected with the first throttling valve, a gas outlet of the gas-liquid separator is connected with an inlet of the first compressor, and a liquid outlet of the gas-liquid separator is connected with the ice making heat exchanger.
The invention also provides a refrigeration and heat recovery method, which is implemented based on the ice making and heat recovery system, and comprises the following steps:
constructing a pressure-enthalpy diagram;
acquiring an ice making temperature and a heat consumption temperature input by a user;
obtaining a target inlet temperature and a target inlet pressure of the first compressor based on the ice making temperature and the pressure-enthalpy map;
obtaining a target outlet temperature of the second compressor and a target outlet pressure of the second compressor based on the heat usage temperature and the pressure-enthalpy map;
obtaining a target outlet temperature and a target outlet pressure of the first compressor, and a target inlet temperature and a target inlet pressure of the second compressor based on the pressure-enthalpy diagram;
setting operating parameters of the first throttle, the first compressor, the second throttle, and the second compressor based on target inlet temperatures, target inlet pressures, target outlet temperatures, and target outlet pressures of both the first compressor and the second compressor.
According to a cooling and heat recovery method provided by the present invention, the acquiring a target inlet temperature and a target inlet pressure of the first compressor based on the ice making temperature and the pressure-enthalpy diagram comprises:
acquiring an evaporation temperature in the ice-making heat exchanger based on the ice-making temperature;
acquiring the evaporation pressure in the ice making heat exchanger based on the evaporation temperature in the ice making heat exchanger and the pressure-enthalpy diagram;
and acquiring a target inlet temperature of the first compressor based on the evaporation temperature in the ice-making heat exchanger, and acquiring a target inlet pressure of the first compressor based on the evaporation pressure in the ice-making heat exchanger.
According to the refrigeration and heat recovery method provided by the invention, after the pressure-enthalpy diagram is constructed, the method further comprises the following steps:
acquiring a first corresponding relation of a target outlet pressure of the first compressor on the evaporation temperature in the ice-making heat exchanger and the outlet temperature of the cooler and a second corresponding relation of a target outlet pressure of the second compressor on the evaporation temperature in the ice-making heat exchanger and the outlet temperature of the cooler based on the pressure-enthalpy diagram;
correspondingly, the obtaining a target outlet temperature of the second compressor and a target outlet pressure of the second compressor based on the heat usage temperature and the pressure-enthalpy diagram comprises:
obtaining a target outlet temperature of the second compressor and an outlet temperature of the cooler based on the heat usage temperature and a performance parameter of the cooler;
and acquiring a target outlet pressure of the second compressor based on the second corresponding relation, the outlet temperature of the cooler and the evaporation temperature in the ice-making heat exchanger.
According to a cooling and heat recovery method provided by the present invention, the determining a target outlet temperature and a target outlet pressure of the first compressor and a target inlet temperature and a target inlet pressure of the second compressor based on the pressure-enthalpy diagram includes:
acquiring a target outlet pressure of the first compressor based on the first corresponding relation;
acquiring a target inlet temperature of the second compressor based on the target outlet pressure of the first compressor, the pressure-enthalpy diagram, the heat exchange temperature difference of the intermediate heat exchanger and the inlet superheat degree of the second compressor;
obtaining a target inlet pressure for the second compressor based on the target inlet temperature for the second compressor and the pressure-enthalpy map;
and acquiring a target outlet temperature of the first compressor based on the performance parameters of the intermediate heat exchanger.
According to the refrigeration and heat recovery method provided by the invention, the method further comprises the following steps:
obtaining the temperature of the ice surface;
adjusting an operating parameter of a flow control valve disposed between the ice making heat exchanger and the first throttling valve based on the ice surface temperature.
According to the refrigeration and heat recovery method provided by the invention, the method further comprises the following steps:
obtaining an actual inlet temperature, an actual inlet pressure, an actual outlet temperature, and an actual outlet pressure of both the first compressor and the second compressor;
correspondingly, setting operating parameters of the first throttle, the first compressor, the second throttle, and the second compressor based on target inlet temperatures, target inlet pressures, target outlet temperatures, and target outlet pressures of both the first compressor and the second compressor comprises:
setting operating parameters of the first throttle valve, the first compressor, the second throttle valve, and the second compressor based on a target inlet temperature, a target inlet pressure, a target outlet temperature, and a target outlet pressure of both the first compressor and the second compressor, and an actual inlet temperature, an actual inlet pressure, an actual outlet temperature, and an actual outlet pressure of both the first compressor and the second compressor.
The ice making and heat recovery system provided by the invention makes ice through the ice making circulation loop, and absorbs heat generated by the ice making circulation loop through the heat recovery circulation loop so as to complete heat recovery. The control unit sets working parameters of the first throttling valve, the first compressor, the second throttling valve and the second compressor based on the pressure-enthalpy diagram, the ice making temperature and the heat utilization temperature, so that the ice making and heat recovery system can rapidly regulate and control the ice making temperature in an optimal energy efficiency ratio and meet the heat utilization requirements of users, temperature fluctuation and energy loss in the running process of the ice making and total heat recovery system in an ice rink are reduced, and the ice making efficiency, the ice making quality and the heat recovery efficiency are improved.
According to the refrigeration and heat recovery method, the working parameters of the first throttling valve, the first compressor, the second throttling valve and the second compressor are set based on the pressure-enthalpy diagram, the ice making temperature and the heat utilization temperature, so that the ice making and heat recovery system can rapidly regulate and control the ice making temperature in an optimal energy efficiency ratio and meet the heat utilization requirement of a user, the temperature fluctuation and the energy loss in the running process of the ice making and total heat recovery system in an ice field are reduced, and the ice making efficiency, the ice making quality and the heat recovery efficiency are improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an ice making and heat recovery system provided in some embodiments of the present invention;
figure 2 is a pressure-enthalpy diagram provided in some embodiments of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a flow diagram of a refrigeration and heat recovery method provided in some embodiments of the invention.
Reference numerals are as follows:
1. a first compressor; 2. a first throttle valve; 3. an ice-making heat exchanger; 4. a second compressor; 5. a cooler; 6. a second throttle valve; 7. an intermediate heat exchanger; 8. a temperature pressure sensor; 9. a flow control valve; 10. a gas-liquid separator.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
An ice making and heat recovery system provided in an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to fig. 1 to 3.
Specifically, the ice making and heat recovery system includes a first compressor 1, a first throttle 2, an ice making heat exchanger 3, a second compressor 4, a cooler 5, a second throttle 6, an intermediate heat exchanger 7, and a control unit. The intermediate heat exchanger 7 includes a heat releasing passage and a heat absorbing passage that are capable of exchanging heat with each other, and for example, the intermediate heat exchanger 7 may be a plate heat exchanger.
As shown in fig. 1, the first compressor 1, the heat release channel, the first throttle 2, and the ice-making heat exchanger 3 are sequentially connected to form an ice-making circulation circuit, specifically, an outlet of the first compressor 1 is connected to the heat release channel, and an inlet of the first compressor 1 is connected to the ice-making heat exchanger 3. The working process of the ice-making circulation loop comprises the following steps: the first compressor 1 compresses carbon dioxide, the carbon dioxide enters a heat release channel to release heat, then is throttled and depressurized through the first throttle valve 2, then enters the ice-making heat exchanger 3 to evaporate and absorb heat, and finally returns to the first compressor 1 to finish the cycle process. Wherein, according to the ice making temperature requirement, the pressure drop of the first throttle valve 2 can be adjusted.
The second compressor 4, the cooler 5, the second throttle 6 and the heat absorption path are connected in sequence to form a heat recovery circulation loop, specifically, an outlet of the second compressor 4 is connected to the cooler 5, and an inlet of the second compressor 4 is connected to the heat absorption path. The working process of the heat recovery circulation loop comprises the following steps: according to the heat demand, after the gaseous carbon dioxide is compressed to the corresponding temperature and pressure by the second compressor 4 and is subjected to supercritical treatment, the carbon dioxide enters the cooler 5 to release heat, is throttled and depressurized by the second throttle valve 6 and then enters the heat absorption channel to absorb heat, and the heat of the ice making circulation loop is recovered to be changed into the gaseous carbon dioxide which returns to the second compressor 4 to complete the circulation process.
As can be seen, the ice making cycle and the heat recovery cycle are both heat pump circuits, and are coupled by an intermediate heat exchanger 7. Further, the refrigerant of the ice making circulation circuit and the refrigerant of the heat recovery circulation circuit are both set to be carbon dioxide. Therefore, through carbon dioxide transcritical ice making and total heat recovery, the ice-making machine not only can provide a high-quality ice surface for an ice field, but also can realize total heat recovery, provide heat for ice melting, ice field heating and the like, and has the advantages of high efficiency, low carbon, environmental protection and the like. Since the transcritical carbon dioxide cycle proposed in the embodiments of the present invention is a high pressure cycle, the compressor may be configured as a piston compressor.
The first throttle 2, the first compressor 1, the second throttle 6 and the second compressor 4 are all connected to a control unit, which sets operating parameters of the first throttle 2, the first compressor 1, the second throttle 6 and the second compressor 4 on the basis of a pressure-enthalpy diagram, an ice-making temperature and a heat-using temperature. The ice making temperature and the heat using temperature may be manually input by a user. Specifically, the control unit acquires target outlet temperatures, target outlet pressures, target inlet temperatures, and target inlet pressures of both the first compressor 1 and the second compressor 4 based on the pressure enthalpy map, the ice making temperature, and the heat usage temperature. Then, the operating parameters of the first throttle 2, the first compressor 1, the second throttle 6, and the second compressor 4 are set again based on the target outlet temperature, the target outlet pressure, the target inlet temperature, and the target inlet pressure of both the first compressor 1 and the second compressor 4.
Specifically, referring to fig. 2, when establishing the pressure-enthalpy diagram, first, based on the NIST database, a pressure, temperature, enthalpy value data set within a certain pressure range (e.g., 1MPa to 15MPa, i.e., a subcritical region where P <7.38MPa and a supercritical region where P >7.38MPa need to be covered) and a certain temperature range (e.g., -50 degrees celsius to 300 degrees celsius) is obtained. Then, a thermodynamic model corresponding to enthalpy change is established according to thermodynamic processes of all components of the ice making and heat recovery system, for example, the ice making cycle shown in fig. 2 is a thermodynamic model of an ice making cycle, and the heat recovery cycle shown in fig. 2 is a thermodynamic model of a heat recovery cycle.
Specifically, the operating parameters of the throttle valve include a valve spool opening of the throttle valve, and a change in the valve spool opening of the throttle valve causes a change in the pressure drop of carbon dioxide, thereby changing the evaporation pressure and the evaporation temperature. The operating parameter of the compressor may be a rotational speed or a power of the compressor, and a change in the operating parameter of the compressor may cause a change in a pressure and a change in a temperature of a refrigerant in the circuit. Corresponding evaporation temperature and condensation temperature can be adjusted by adjusting the working parameters of the throttling valve and the working parameters of the compressor, so that the ice making and heat recovery system can meet the ice making requirements and the heat utilization requirements of users.
The ice making and heat recovery system provided by the embodiment of the invention makes ice through the ice making circulation loop, and absorbs heat generated by the ice making circulation loop through the heat recovery circulation loop so as to complete heat recovery. The control unit sets working parameters of the first throttling valve 2, the first compressor 1, the second throttling valve 6 and the second compressor 4 based on the pressure-enthalpy diagram, the ice making temperature and the heat utilization temperature, so that the ice making and heat recovery system can rapidly regulate and control the ice making temperature in an optimal energy efficiency ratio and meet the heat utilization requirements of users, temperature fluctuation and energy loss in the running process of the ice making and full heat recovery system in an ice rink are reduced, and the ice making efficiency, the ice making quality and the heat recovery efficiency are improved. The invention provides a method for actively controlling the working parameters of the compressor and the throttle valve based on user requirements and a pressure-enthalpy diagram, realizes the quick response of the system, and avoids the defects of long delay time, large temperature fluctuation and large energy loss in the traditional self-adaptive control process. Therefore, compared with the prior art, the invention can quickly realize high-quality ice making, has high efficiency, short time delay and high ice making and heat recovery efficiency, and can quickly regulate and control according to the ice making and heat using requirements of users, and compared with the prior art, the regulation and control time can be shortened by more than 20 percent, simultaneously, the energy consumption is reduced, and the small fluctuation of the ice surface temperature is ensured.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the ice making and heat recovery system further comprises a first detection device. The first detection device is used for detecting an inlet pressure value, an inlet temperature value, an outlet pressure value and an outlet temperature value of the first compressor 1 and an inlet pressure value, an inlet temperature value, an outlet pressure value and an outlet temperature value of the second compressor 4. As shown in fig. 1, for example, the first detection means includes a plurality of temperature and pressure sensors 8, and the inlet and outlet of the first compressor 1 and the inlet and outlet of the second compressor 4 are each provided with a temperature and pressure sensor 8. The first detection means are connected to a control unit which adjusts the operating parameters of at least one of the first throttle 2, the first compressor 1, the second throttle 6 and the second compressor 4 on the basis of information detected by the first detection means.
Specifically, after the target outlet temperature, the target outlet pressure, the target inlet temperature, and the target inlet pressure of the first compressor 1 and the second compressor 4 are obtained, according to the detected actual inlet pressure value, the actual inlet temperature value, the actual outlet pressure value, and the actual outlet temperature value of the first compressor 1 and the second compressor 4, whether an error between the actual pressure value or the actual temperature value and the corresponding target pressure value or the corresponding target temperature value is smaller than an error threshold value is determined, if yes, it is determined that the ice-making and heat-recovering system is in a balanced state, the operating parameters of the above components are not adjusted, otherwise, the operating parameters of at least one of the first throttle valve 2, the first compressor 1, the second throttle valve 6, and the second compressor 4 are adjusted, so that an error between the actual pressure value or the actual temperature value and the corresponding target pressure value or the target temperature value is smaller than the error threshold value. Optionally, the value of the error threshold ranges from 1% to 6%, and may be 5%, for example.
Specifically, the control unit may control the operating parameters of the first throttle 2 and/or the second throttle 6, after a preset time period, determine whether the error is smaller than an error threshold, if so, not adjust the operating parameters of the above components, and otherwise, adjust the operating parameters of the first compressor 1 and/or the second compressor 4. Therefore, the loss of the compressor and the waste of energy caused by repeatedly adjusting the working parameters of the compressor can be avoided.
In some embodiments provided by the present invention, the ice making and heat recovery system further comprises a flow control valve 9 and a second detection device. The flow control valve 9 is disposed between the first throttle valve 2 and the ice-making heat exchanger 3, and the second sensing means is used to sense the ice surface temperature. The second detection device and the flow control valve 9 are both connected with a control unit, and the control unit adjusts working parameters of the flow control valve 9 based on the ice surface temperature. Specifically, the control unit may compare the ice surface temperature with the ice making temperature input by the user, and adjust the opening degree of the flow control valve 9 based on the difference between the ice surface temperature and the ice making temperature, thereby achieving rapid and stable ice making and avoiding temperature fluctuation. Alternatively, the flow control valve 9 may be a solenoid valve, such as a proportional solenoid valve. The second detection means may be a temperature sensor.
In some embodiments provided herein, the ice making and heat recovery system further comprises a gas-liquid separator 10. For example, the gas-liquid separator may be a vertical gas-liquid separator. An inlet of the gas-liquid separator 10 is connected to the first throttle valve 2, a gas outlet of the gas-liquid separator 10 is connected to an inlet of the first compressor 1, and a liquid outlet of the gas-liquid separator 10 is connected to the ice-making heat exchanger 3. So set up for gaseous carbon dioxide in the ice-making circulation circuit can directly get back to first compressor 1, and liquid carbon dioxide enters into ice-making heat exchanger 3, avoids liquid carbon dioxide to enter into first compressor 1 and causes first compressor 1 to damage, avoids gaseous carbon dioxide to enter into ice-making heat exchanger 3 simultaneously, influences the evaporation heat absorption effect.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a refrigeration and heat recovery method, which is implemented based on the ice making and heat recovery system, namely the refrigeration and heat recovery method and the ice making and heat recovery system can be mutually referred. The main body of the cooling and heat recovery method may be a control unit.
Specifically, the cooling and heat recovery method includes steps S100 to S600.
Step S100, a member pressure enthalpy diagram.
Specifically, referring to fig. 2, first, based on the NIST database, a pressure, temperature, enthalpy data set within a certain pressure range (e.g., 1MPa to 15MPa, i.e., a subcritical region where P <7.38MPa and a supercritical region where P >7.38MPa need to be covered) and a certain temperature range (e.g., -50 degrees celsius to 300 degrees celsius) is obtained, as shown in the bottom graph of fig. 2. Then, a thermodynamic model corresponding to enthalpy change is established according to thermodynamic processes of all components of the ice making and heat recovery system, namely two cycles shown in fig. 2. Specifically, in fig. 2, the ice making cycle is a thermodynamic model of the ice making cycle, and the heat recovery cycle is a thermodynamic model of the heat recovery cycle. It should be noted that the establishment of the thermodynamic model belongs to a modeling method commonly used in the art, and details thereof are not described herein.
And step S200, acquiring the ice making temperature and the heat using temperature input by the user.
Specifically, the user determines the ice making temperature and the heat consumption temperature based on actual needs and inputs the temperatures to the ice making and heat recovery system.
And step S300, acquiring the target inlet temperature and the target inlet pressure of the first compressor 1 based on the ice making temperature and pressure-enthalpy diagram.
Specifically, since the ice making process is realized by the evaporation and heat absorption of carbon dioxide in the ice making heat exchanger 3, and the inlet of the first compressor 1 is connected to the ice making heat exchanger 3, the ice making temperature and the inlet pressure and the inlet temperature of the first compressor 1 have a corresponding relationship, and the target inlet temperature of the first compressor 1 and the target inlet pressure of the first compressor 1 can be determined based on the required ice making temperature and pressure enthalpy diagram.
And S400, acquiring a target outlet temperature of the second compressor 4 and a target outlet pressure of the second compressor 4 based on the heat consumption temperature and pressure enthalpy diagram.
Specifically, since the heating process is performed by condensing carbon dioxide heat in the cooler 5 and the outlet of the second compressor 4 is connected to the cooler 5, the usage heat temperature has a corresponding relationship with the outlet temperature and the outlet pressure of the second compressor 4, and the target outlet temperature and the target outlet pressure of the second compressor 4 can be determined based on the required usage heat temperature and pressure enthalpy map.
And S500, acquiring a target outlet temperature and a target outlet pressure of the first compressor 1 and a target inlet temperature and a target inlet pressure of the second compressor 4 based on the pressure-enthalpy diagram.
Step S600, setting operating parameters of the first throttle 2, the first compressor 1, the second throttle 6, and the second compressor 4 based on the target inlet temperature, the target inlet pressure, the target outlet temperature, and the target outlet pressure of both the first compressor 1 and the second compressor 4.
Specifically, the operating parameters of the throttle valve include a valve spool opening of the throttle valve, and a change in the valve spool opening of the throttle valve causes a change in the pressure drop of carbon dioxide, thereby changing the evaporation pressure and the evaporation temperature. The operating parameter of the compressor may be a rotational speed or a power of the compressor, and a change in the operating parameter of the compressor may cause a change in a pressure and a change in a temperature of a refrigerant in the circuit. By adjusting the working parameters of the throttle valve and the compressor, the corresponding evaporation temperature and condensation temperature as well as the pressure and temperature at the inlet and the outlet of the compressor can be adjusted, so that the ice making and heat recovery system can meet the ice making requirements and the heat utilization requirements of users.
According to the refrigeration and heat recovery method provided by the embodiment of the invention, the working parameters of the first throttle valve 2, the first compressor 1, the second throttle valve 6 and the second compressor 4 are set based on the pressure-enthalpy diagram, the ice making temperature and the heat utilization temperature, so that the ice making and heat recovery system can rapidly regulate and control the ice making temperature with the optimal energy efficiency ratio and meet the heat utilization requirement of a user, the temperature fluctuation and the energy loss in the running process of the ice making and total heat recovery system in an ice rink are reduced, and the ice making efficiency, the ice making quality and the heat recovery efficiency are improved. The invention provides a method for actively controlling the working parameters of the compressor and the throttle valve based on user requirements and a pressure-enthalpy diagram, realizes the quick response of the system, and avoids the defects of long delay time, large temperature fluctuation and large energy loss in the traditional self-adaptive control process. Therefore, compared with the prior art, the invention can quickly realize high-quality ice making, has high efficiency, short time delay and high ice making and heat recovery efficiency, and can quickly regulate and control according to the ice making and heat using requirements of users, and compared with the prior art, the regulation and control time can be shortened by more than 20 percent, simultaneously, the energy consumption is reduced, and the small fluctuation of the ice surface temperature is ensured.
In some embodiments provided by the present invention, obtaining the target inlet temperature and the target inlet pressure of the first compressor 1 based on the ice making temperature and pressure enthalpy diagram comprises:
first, based on the ice making temperature, the evaporation temperature in the ice making heat exchanger 3 is acquired.
Specifically, the ice making temperature is assumed to be T1, and the evaporation temperature of the ice making heat exchanger 3 is assumed to be Te. Due to the performance difference of the ice making heat exchanger 3 in the ice field, there is a temperature difference dTe (dTe is generally 1-6 degrees celsius) between the ice making temperature T1 and the evaporating temperature, so that the evaporating temperature of carbon dioxide in the ice making heat exchanger 3, which is provided by the user, is Te = T1-dTe at the ice making temperature T1.
Next, the evaporation pressure in the ice-making heat exchanger 3 is acquired based on the evaporation temperature and the pressure-enthalpy diagram in the ice-making heat exchanger 3.
Specifically, since the saturated liquid phase pressure of carbon dioxide is a single-valued function of temperature, the evaporation pressure P1 required in the ice-making heat exchanger 3 can be obtained from the evaporation temperature Te based on the pressure-enthalpy diagram.
Finally, a target inlet temperature of the first compressor 1 is acquired based on the evaporation temperature in the ice-making heat exchanger 3, and a target inlet pressure of the first compressor 1 is acquired based on the evaporation pressure in the ice-making heat exchanger 3.
Specifically, assuming that the inlet superheat of the first compressor 1 is dT1 (dT 1 is typically 0 to 10 degrees celsius), and assuming that the target inlet temperature of the first compressor 1 is T3 and the target inlet pressure of the first compressor 1 is P3, T3= Te + dT1. Since the inlet of the first compressor 1 communicates with the ice-making heat exchanger 3, the target inlet pressure P3= P1 of the first compressor 1.
In some embodiments provided by the present invention, after constructing the pressure-enthalpy diagram, further comprising:
on the basis of the pressure-enthalpy diagram, a first correspondence relationship of a target outlet pressure of the first compressor 1 with respect to an evaporation temperature in the ice-making heat exchanger 3 and an outlet temperature of the cooler 5, and a second correspondence relationship of a target outlet pressure of the second compressor 4 with respect to an evaporation temperature in the ice-making heat exchanger 3 and an outlet temperature of the cooler 5 are obtained.
Specifically, the first correspondence relationship can be obtained by traversing the comprehensive energy efficiency of the ice making and heat recovery system under different operating parameters (i.e., the evaporation temperature in the ice making heat exchanger 3, the outlet temperature of the cooler 5, the outlet pressure of the first compressor 1, and the outlet pressure of the second compressor 4) based on the pressure-enthalpy diagram, obtaining an operating parameter value when the comprehensive energy efficiency is maximum, and fitting the evaporation temperature in the ice making heat exchanger 3, the outlet temperature of the cooler 5, and the target outlet pressure of the first compressor 1. And fitting the evaporation temperature in the ice-making heat exchanger 3, the outlet temperature of the cooler 5 and the target outlet pressure of the second compressor 4 to obtain a second corresponding relation.
Correspondingly, obtaining the target outlet temperature of the second compressor 4 and the target outlet pressure of the second compressor 4 based on the heat consumption temperature and pressure enthalpy diagram comprises:
first, a target outlet temperature of the second compressor 4 and an outlet temperature of the cooler 5 are acquired based on the used heat temperature and the performance parameters of the cooler 5.
Specifically, assume that the heat-using temperature is T2 and the target outlet temperature of the second compressor is T6. For example, the local month hot water temperature Tw and the amount of hot water m may be stored in advance. T2 is the target temperature of the hot water to be obtained, and the hot water temperature Tw is the initial temperature of the hot water. The heating heat quantity Q = m (T2-Tw) is determined according to the heat utilization temperature T2. Further according to the performance parameters of the gas cooler 5, namely the heat exchange area a and the heat exchange coefficient K, the heat exchange temperature difference D = Q/(AK) is determined, for example, if the heat exchanger is arranged in a countercurrent manner, the heat exchange temperature difference here is an arithmetic mean temperature difference. And finally, obtaining a target outlet temperature T6= T2+ Tw-T7+2D of the second compressor, wherein T7 is the outlet temperature of the gas cooler 5, T7= Tw + dTw, and dTw is the heat exchange temperature difference (namely the temperature difference between the water supply inlet and the carbon dioxide outlet) of two ports on the cold side of the gas cooler 5, and the temperature is generally 2-10 ℃.
Next, a target outlet pressure of the second compressor 4 is acquired based on the second correspondence, the outlet temperature of the cooler 5, and the evaporation temperature in the ice-making heat exchanger 3.
Specifically, assume that the target outlet pressure of the second compressor 4 is P6. Knowing the second correspondence, the outlet temperature T7 of the cooler 5, and the evaporation temperature Te in the ice-making heat exchanger 3, the target outlet pressure P6 of the second compressor 4 can be calculated. For example, P6= f (T7, te) is expressed by the formula.
In some embodiments provided herein, determining a target outlet temperature and a target outlet pressure of the first compressor 1, and a target inlet temperature and a target inlet pressure of the second compressor 4, based on a pressure-enthalpy diagram, comprises:
first, a target outlet pressure of the first compressor 1 is acquired based on the first correspondence relationship.
Specifically, assuming that the target outlet pressure of the first compressor 1 is P4, the target outlet pressure P4 of the first compressor 1 can be calculated knowing the first correspondence, the outlet temperature T7 of the cooler 5, and the evaporation temperature Te in the ice-making heat exchanger 3. For example, P4= g (T7, te) is expressed by a formula.
Secondly, a target inlet temperature of the second compressor 4 is obtained based on the target outlet pressure of the first compressor 1, the pressure-enthalpy diagram, the heat exchange temperature difference of the intermediate heat exchanger 7 and the inlet superheat degree of the second compressor 4.
Specifically, it is assumed that the target inlet temperature of the second compressor 4 is T5. The condensing temperature Tc inside the intermediate heat exchanger 7 is a single-valued function of the target outlet pressure P4 of the first compressor 1, so the condensing temperature Tc of the intermediate heat exchanger 7 can be obtained based on the target outlet pressure P4 of the first compressor 1 and the pressure enthalpy map. Further, a target inlet temperature T5= Tc-dTc + dT2 of the second compressor 4 can be obtained according to a heat exchange temperature difference dTc (generally, 2 to 10 degrees celsius) of the intermediate heat exchanger 7, which is an arithmetic average temperature difference of the intermediate heat exchanger 7, where dT2 is an inlet superheat degree of the second compressor 4.
Again, a target inlet pressure for the second compressor 4 is obtained based on the target inlet temperature and pressure-enthalpy diagram for the second compressor 4.
Specifically, assume that the target inlet pressure of the second compressor 4 is P5. The target inlet temperature T5 of the second compressor 4 is a single-valued function of the target inlet pressure P5 of the second compressor 4, and the target inlet pressure P5 of the second compressor 4 is obtained based on the pressure-enthalpy diagram and the target inlet temperature T5 of the second compressor 4.
Finally, a target outlet temperature of the first compressor 1 is obtained based on the performance parameters of the intermediate heat exchanger 7.
Specifically, assuming that the target outlet temperature of the first compressor 1 is T4, the target outlet temperature T4 of the first compressor 1 may be determined based on the heat exchange area Am and the heat exchange coefficient Km of the intermediate heat exchanger 7, which is similar to the derivation process of the target outlet temperature T6 of the second compressor 2, and is not repeated here.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the refrigeration and heat recovery method further comprises:
first, the ice surface temperature is acquired.
Specifically, the ice surface temperature may be acquired using a temperature sensor.
Next, based on the ice surface temperature, the operation parameters of the flow control valve 9 provided between the ice making heat exchanger 3 and the first throttle valve 2 are adjusted.
Specifically, the control unit may compare the ice surface temperature with the ice making temperature input by the user, and adjust the opening degree of the flow control valve 9 based on the difference between the two, thereby achieving rapid and stable ice making and avoiding temperature fluctuation. Alternatively, the flow control valve 9 may be a solenoid valve, such as a proportional solenoid valve.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the refrigeration and heat recovery method further comprises:
first, the actual inlet temperature, the actual inlet pressure, the actual outlet temperature, and the actual outlet pressure of both the first compressor 1 and the second compressor 4 are acquired.
Specifically, the inlet pressure value, the inlet temperature value, the outlet pressure value, and the outlet temperature value of the first compressor 1, and the inlet pressure value, the inlet temperature value, the outlet pressure value, and the outlet temperature value of the second compressor 4 may be detected by the first detection device. As shown in fig. 1, for example, the first detection means includes a plurality of temperature and pressure sensors 8, and the inlet and outlet of the first compressor 1 and the inlet and outlet of the second compressor 4 are each provided with a temperature and pressure sensor 8.
Correspondingly, the setting of the operating parameters of the first throttle 2, the first compressor 1, the second throttle 6, the second compressor 4 based on the target inlet temperature, the target inlet pressure, the target outlet temperature and the target outlet pressure of both the first compressor 1 and the second compressor 4 comprises:
the operating parameters of the first throttle valve 2, the first compressor 1, the second throttle valve 6, the second compressor 4 are set based on the target inlet temperature, the target inlet pressure, the target outlet temperature, and the target outlet pressure of both the first compressor 1 and the second compressor 4, and the actual inlet temperature, the actual inlet pressure, the actual outlet temperature, and the actual outlet pressure of both the first compressor 1 and the second compressor 4.
Specifically, after the target outlet temperature, the target outlet pressure, the target inlet temperature, and the target inlet pressure of the first compressor 1 and the second compressor 4 are obtained, according to the detected actual inlet pressure value, the detected actual inlet temperature value, the detected actual outlet pressure value, and the detected actual outlet temperature value of the first compressor 1 and the second compressor 4, whether an error between the actual pressure value or the actual temperature value and the corresponding target pressure value or the corresponding target temperature value is smaller than an error threshold value is determined, if so, the operating parameters of the components are not adjusted, otherwise, the operating parameters of at least one of the first throttle valve 2, the first compressor 1, the second throttle valve 6, and the second compressor 4 are adjusted, so that an error between the actual pressure value or the actual temperature value and the corresponding target pressure value or the corresponding target temperature value is smaller than the error threshold value. Optionally, the value of the error threshold ranges from 1% to 6%, and may be 5%, for example.
Further, during the adjustment, the operating parameters of the first throttle 2 and/or the second throttle 6 may be controlled first, and after a preset time period, if the error is still greater than the error threshold, the operating parameters of the first compressor 1 and/or the second compressor 4 may be adjusted. Therefore, the loss of the compressor and the waste of energy caused by repeatedly adjusting the working parameters of the compressor can be avoided.
Optionally, after the system is stable, if the ice surface temperature and the actual inlet temperature of the first compressor 1 fluctuate again due to other influences, and the error is greater than the error threshold, the operating parameter of the first throttle valve 2 and the opening and closing degree of the flow control valve 9 may be adjusted first, so as to achieve rapid cooling, and avoid the loss of the first compressor 1 and the energy waste caused by repeatedly adjusting the operating parameter of the first compressor 1.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The ice making and heat recovery system is characterized by comprising a first compressor (1), a first throttling valve (2), an ice making heat exchanger (3), a second compressor (4), a cooler (5), a second throttling valve (6), an intermediate heat exchanger (7) and a control unit, wherein the intermediate heat exchanger (7) comprises a heat release channel and a heat absorption channel which can exchange heat;
the first compressor (1), the heat release channel, the first throttling valve (2) and the ice-making heat exchanger (3) are sequentially connected to form an ice-making circulation loop, and the second compressor (4), the cooler (5), the second throttling valve (6) and the heat absorption channel are sequentially connected to form a heat recovery circulation loop;
the first throttle valve (2), the first compressor (1), the second throttle valve (6) and the second compressor (4) are all connected with the control unit, and the control unit sets working parameters of the first throttle valve (2), the first compressor (1), the second throttle valve (6) and the second compressor (4) based on a pressure-enthalpy diagram, an ice making temperature and a heat utilization temperature.
2. An ice-making and heat-recovering system according to claim 1, further comprising first detection means for detecting an inlet pressure value, an inlet temperature value, an outlet pressure value and an outlet temperature value of both the first compressor (1) and the second compressor (4), said first detection means being connected to said control unit, said control unit adjusting operating parameters of at least one of said first throttle valve (2), said first compressor (1), said second throttle valve (6) and said second compressor (4) based on information detected by said first detection means.
3. An ice making and heat recovery system according to claim 1, further comprising a flow control valve (9) and a second detection means, said flow control valve (9) being arranged between said first throttle valve (2) and said ice making heat exchanger (3), said second detection means being adapted to detect the ice surface temperature, said second detection means and said flow control valve (9) being connected to said control unit, said control unit adjusting the operating parameters of said flow control valve (9) based on said ice surface temperature.
4. An ice making and heat recovery system as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a gas-liquid separator (10), an inlet of the gas-liquid separator (10) being connected to the first throttle valve (2), a gas outlet of the gas-liquid separator (10) being connected to an inlet of the first compressor (1), and a liquid outlet of the gas-liquid separator (10) being connected to the ice making heat exchanger (3).
5. A method for cooling and heat recovery based on the ice making and heat recovery system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, the method comprising:
constructing a pressure-enthalpy diagram;
acquiring an ice making temperature and a heat consumption temperature input by a user;
acquiring a target inlet temperature and a target inlet pressure of the first compressor (1) based on the ice making temperature and the pressure-enthalpy diagram;
-acquiring a target outlet temperature of the second compressor (4) and a target outlet pressure of the second compressor (4) based on the heat usage temperature and the pressure-enthalpy diagram;
acquiring a target outlet temperature and a target outlet pressure of the first compressor (1) and a target inlet temperature and a target inlet pressure of the second compressor (4) based on the pressure-enthalpy diagram;
setting operating parameters of the first throttle valve (2), the first compressor (1), the second throttle valve (6), the second compressor (4) based on target inlet temperature, target inlet pressure, target outlet temperature and target outlet pressure of both the first compressor (1) and the second compressor (4).
6. The refrigeration and heat recovery method according to claim 5, wherein said obtaining a target inlet temperature and a target inlet pressure of the first compressor (1) based on the ice making temperature and the pressure-enthalpy map comprises:
acquiring an evaporation temperature in the ice-making heat exchanger (3) based on the ice-making temperature;
acquiring the evaporation pressure in the ice-making heat exchanger (3) based on the evaporation temperature in the ice-making heat exchanger (3) and the pressure-enthalpy diagram;
acquiring a target inlet temperature of the first compressor (1) based on the evaporation temperature in the ice-making heat exchanger (3), and acquiring a target inlet pressure of the first compressor (1) based on the evaporation pressure in the ice-making heat exchanger (3).
7. The refrigeration and heat recovery method of claim 6, further comprising, after constructing the pressure-enthalpy diagram:
acquiring a first corresponding relation of a target outlet pressure of the first compressor (1) on the evaporation temperature in the ice-making heat exchanger (3) and the outlet temperature of the cooler (5) and a second corresponding relation of a target outlet pressure of the second compressor (4) on the evaporation temperature in the ice-making heat exchanger (3) and the outlet temperature of the cooler (5) based on the pressure-enthalpy diagram;
correspondingly, the obtaining of the target outlet temperature of the second compressor (4) and the target outlet pressure of the second compressor (4) based on the heat usage temperature and the pressure-enthalpy diagram comprises:
-obtaining a target outlet temperature of the second compressor (4) and an outlet temperature of the cooler (5) based on the heat usage temperature and the performance parameters of the cooler (5);
acquiring a target outlet pressure of the second compressor (4) based on the second correspondence, the outlet temperature of the cooler (5), and the evaporation temperature in the ice-making heat exchanger (3).
8. The refrigeration and heat recovery method according to claim 7, wherein said determining a target outlet temperature and a target outlet pressure of the first compressor (1) and a target inlet temperature and a target inlet pressure of the second compressor (4) based on the pressure-enthalpy diagram comprises:
acquiring a target outlet pressure of the first compressor (1) based on the first corresponding relation;
acquiring a target inlet temperature of the second compressor (4) based on a target outlet pressure of the first compressor (1), the pressure-enthalpy diagram, a heat exchange temperature difference of the intermediate heat exchanger (7) and an inlet superheat of the second compressor (4);
-obtaining a target inlet pressure of the second compressor (4) based on the target inlet temperature of the second compressor (4) and the pressure-enthalpy diagram;
-acquiring a target outlet temperature of the first compressor (1) based on the performance parameters of the intermediate heat exchanger (7).
9. The refrigeration and heat recovery method of claim 5, further comprising:
obtaining the temperature of the ice surface;
adjusting an operating parameter of a flow control valve (9) disposed between the ice making heat exchanger (3) and the first throttle valve (2) based on the ice surface temperature.
10. The refrigeration and heat recovery method of claim 9, further comprising:
obtaining an actual inlet temperature, an actual inlet pressure, an actual outlet temperature and an actual outlet pressure of both the first compressor (1) and the second compressor (4);
correspondingly, setting operating parameters of the first throttle valve (2), the first compressor (1), the second throttle valve (6), the second compressor (4) based on target inlet temperature, target inlet pressure, target outlet temperature and target outlet pressure of both the first compressor (1) and the second compressor (4) comprises:
setting operating parameters of the first throttle valve (2), the first compressor (1), the second throttle valve (6), the second compressor (4) based on a target inlet temperature, a target inlet pressure, a target outlet temperature, and a target outlet pressure of both the first compressor (1) and the second compressor (4), and an actual inlet temperature, an actual inlet pressure, an actual outlet temperature, and an actual outlet pressure of both the first compressor (1) and the second compressor (4).
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN117109212A (en) * | 2023-10-10 | 2023-11-24 | 广州冰泉制冷设备有限责任公司 | Different crisp degree control method based on walnut cake type ice maker |
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