CN115914629A - Video coding method and device and electronic equipment - Google Patents
Video coding method and device and electronic equipment Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The application provides a video coding method, a video coding device and electronic equipment, wherein the method comprises the following steps: determining the frame level of the video frame according to the reference relation of the video frame in the picture group of the video stream; allocating an initial quantization parameter QP for the video frame according to the frame level of the video frame; taking a video frame with a frame level lower than a preset frame level threshold value as a target video frame, acquiring the image quality of the target video frame, and adjusting the initial QP of the target video frame to be an optimized QP according to the image quality; coding other video frames except the target video frame in the picture group according to the initial QPs of the other video frames; and encoding the target video frame in the picture group according to the optimized QP of the target video frame. According to the method and the device, when the QP distribution of the video frame is carried out before video coding, the reference relation of the video frame and the image quality of the video frame are considered at the same time, the QP adjustment is carried out according to the image quality, and the code rate waste of the video frame with poor image quality is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The present application relates to the field of image processing technologies, and in particular, to a video encoding method and apparatus, and an electronic device.
Background
In video coding techniques, a whole video sequence is usually coded in units of GOPs (Group of pictures), each GOP has video frames divided into different levels according to a reference relationship, and each level is assigned with a different value of a frame level QP (quantization Parameter). The current distribution strategy of the quantization parameter QP value is distributed according to the empirical value, the more a certain video frame in a group of pictures (GOP) is referred to, the lower the grade of the video frame, and the lower the distributed quantization parameter QP value; or obtaining a reference relation of the actual coding probability according to pre-analysis, and distributing the QP value according to the reference relation.
However, although some frames may be used as reference frames of many frames in the GOP, if the image quality of the frames is poor, the reference significance of the frames to the subsequent frames is not great, and a small QP value is set for the frames, which wastes more code rates. In the prior art, code rate allocation is only carried out according to the reference relation, so that code rate waste is caused under the condition of poor image quality of a low-level image.
Disclosure of Invention
An object of the present application is to provide a video encoding method, an apparatus and an electronic device, so as to solve the above technical problems.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a video encoding method, where the method includes: determining the frame level of the video frame according to the reference relation of the video frame in the picture group of the video stream; allocating an initial quantization parameter QP for the video frame according to the frame level of the video frame; taking a video frame with a frame level lower than a preset frame level threshold as a target video frame, acquiring the image quality of the target video frame, and adjusting the initial QP of the target video frame to be an optimized QP according to the image quality; coding other video frames except the target video frame in the picture group according to the initial QPs of the other video frames; and for the target video frame in the picture group, encoding the target video frame according to the optimized QP of the target video frame.
Further, each frame level corresponds to a preset QP; the step of allocating an initial quantization parameter QP to a video frame according to the frame level of the video frame comprises: determining a preset QP corresponding to a frame level as an initial QP corresponding to a video frame according to the frame level of the video frame; or determining the optimal QP corresponding to each frame level according to the preset QP corresponding to each frame level and the attribute information of the video frame contained in each frame level; determining the optimal QP corresponding to the frame level as the initial QP corresponding to the video frame according to the frame level of the video frame; wherein the attribute information includes: the number of bits of header information of a video frame, the video frame coding complexity, and macroblock information.
Further, the step of obtaining the image quality of the target video frame includes: calculating a mean square error value corresponding to the target video frame according to a first pixel value corresponding to the target video frame and a second pixel value of the target video frame; the first pixel value is an initial pixel value before the target video frame is coded, and the second pixel value is a pixel value after the initial QP coding corresponding to the target video frame is based; or the first pixel value is a preset QP-coded pixel value corresponding to the target video frame, and the second pixel value is an initial QP-coded pixel value corresponding to the target video frame; and determining the image quality of the target video frame according to the mean square error value.
Further, the step of calculating a mean square error value corresponding to the target video frame according to the first pixel value corresponding to the target video frame and the second pixel value of the target video frame includes: calculating a mean square error value corresponding to the target video frame according to the following formula:
wherein, MSE represents the mean square error value corresponding to the target video frame; mn denotes a video frame image with a size of m × n, and I (I, j) and K (I, j) denote a first pixel value and a second pixel value of the target video frame at the pixel position (I, j), respectively.
Further, the step of determining the optimal QP corresponding to each frame level according to the preset QP corresponding to each frame level and the attribute information of the video frame contained in each frame level includes: let the preset QP corresponding to each frame level be Q l The optimal QP is Q l ', L denotes the frame level, L =0,1,2.. L-1; l represents the number of frame levels; according to the head information code rate and the video frame coding complexity of the video frame corresponding to each frame level, and Q corresponding to each frame level l And Q l ', determining the code rate change sum corresponding to each frame level; according to the macro block information of the video frame corresponding to each frame level and Q corresponding to each frame level l And Q l Determining the coding loss sum corresponding to each frame level; calculating the code rate change corresponding to each frame levelQ for minimizing the sum of coding losses at each frame level and not more than 0 l ' to obtain the optimal QP corresponding to each frame level.
Further, the code rate of the header information of the video frame and the encoding complexity of the video frame corresponding to each frame level are determined, and Q corresponding to each frame level l And Q l ' the step of determining the sum of the code rate changes corresponding to each frame level comprises: for each video frame corresponding to each frame level, the following operations are performed: respectively calculating the video frames at Q according to the following formula l First code rate under action, and video frame at Q l ' second code rate under influence:
wherein, R represents the code rate of the video frame under the action of QP; h represents the number of bits of header information of the video frame; s represents the video frame coding complexity; a. b respectively represent adjustment parameters; obtaining the difference value of the first code rate and the second code rate to obtain the code rate change corresponding to the video frame; summing the code rate changes of all video frames corresponding to each frame level to obtain the code rate change corresponding to each frame level; and summing the code rate changes corresponding to each frame level to obtain the code rate change sum corresponding to each frame level.
Furthermore, the macroblock information of the video frame corresponding to each frame level and the Q corresponding to each frame level are used l And Q l ' the step of determining a sum of coding losses corresponding to each frame level, comprising: for each video frame corresponding to each frame level, the following operations are performed: respectively calculating the video frames at Q according to the following formula l First coding loss under influence, and video frame at Q l ' second coding loss under action:
wherein D represents the coding loss of the video frame under the action of QP; n represents the number of macroblocks included in the video frame; a. The i Indicating the loss proportion of the ith macroblock in the video frame; q i Represents the quantization parameter value corresponding to the ith macroblock, which is based on A i Adjusted value of QP; calculating a difference value between the first coding loss and the second coding loss to obtain a coding loss corresponding to the video frame; calculating the average value of the coding loss of all video frames corresponding to each frame level; the coding loss corresponding to each frame level is obtained according to the following formula:
wherein, Δ D tot，l Representing the coding loss, Δ D, corresponding to the frame level l l Represents the average of the coding losses of all video frames corresponding to the frame level l, δ =0.5, represents the reference coefficients between different frame levels; and summing the coding loss corresponding to each frame level to obtain the coding loss sum corresponding to each frame level.
Further, the Q is obtained when the sum of the code rate changes corresponding to each frame level is less than or equal to 0 and the sum of the coding losses corresponding to each frame level is minimum l ' obtaining an optimal QP corresponding to each frame level, respectively, including: and solving the optimal QP corresponding to each frame level by a Lagrange multiplier method according to the following formula:
where L denotes the frame level, L =0,1,2.. L-1; delta D tot，l Representing the coding loss, Δ R, corresponding to the frame level l tot，l Representing the code rate change corresponding to the frame level l; q l ' indicates the optimal QP corresponding to each frame level when the sum of the changes in the code rate at each frame level is equal to or less than 0 and the coding loss at each frame level is the minimum.
Further, the step of adjusting the initial QP of the target video frame to an optimized QP according to the image quality includes: and if the image quality exceeds a preset threshold value, the initial QP is adjusted upwards to obtain the optimized QP corresponding to the target video frame.
Further, the step of adjusting the initial QP to obtain the optimized QP corresponding to the target video frame includes: determining a QP (quantization parameter) up-regulation amplitude value corresponding to the target video frame according to the image quality of the target video frame and a preset threshold; and adding the initial QP corresponding to the target video frame with the QP up-regulation amplitude value to obtain the optimized QP corresponding to the target video frame.
Further, the step of determining the QP up-regulation amplitude value corresponding to the target video frame according to the image quality of the target video frame and the preset threshold includes: determining a QP up-regulation amplitude value corresponding to the target video frame according to the following formula:
wherein Δ Q represents a QP up-scaling magnitude value corresponding to the target video frame; IQA l Representing the image quality corresponding to the target video frame; iqa yu A preset threshold value corresponding to the image quality is represented;
wherein +>
Representing the average quantization step.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application further provides a video encoding apparatus, where the apparatus includes: the frame level determining module is used for determining the frame level of the video frame according to the reference relation of the video frame in the picture group of the video stream; the initial QP allocation module is used for allocating an initial quantization parameter QP to the video frame according to the frame level of the video frame; the QP adjustment module is used for taking the video frame with the frame level lower than the preset frame level threshold as a target video frame, acquiring the image quality of the target video frame, and adjusting the initial QP of the target video frame into an optimized QP according to the image quality; the coding module is used for coding other video frames except the target video frame in the picture group according to the initial QPs of the other video frames; and encoding the target video frame in the picture group according to the optimized QP of the target video frame.
In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application further provides an electronic device, which includes a processor and a memory, where the memory stores computer-executable instructions that can be executed by the processor, and the processor executes the computer-executable instructions to implement the method in the first aspect.
In a fourth aspect, embodiments of the present application further provide a computer-readable storage medium storing computer-executable instructions that, when invoked and executed by a processor, cause the processor to implement the method of the first aspect.
The embodiment of the application brings the following beneficial effects:
the application provides a video coding method, a video coding device and electronic equipment, wherein the method comprises the steps of firstly determining the frame level of a video frame according to the reference relation of the video frame in a picture group of a video stream; then allocating an initial quantization parameter QP for the video frame according to the frame level of the video frame; then, taking the video frame with the frame level lower than the preset frame level threshold value as a target video frame, acquiring the image quality of the target video frame, and adjusting the initial QP of the target video frame to be an optimized QP according to the image quality; finally, coding other video frames except the target video frame in the picture group according to the initial QPs of the other video frames; and encoding the target video frame in the picture group according to the optimized QP of the target video frame. When QP allocation of video frames is carried out before video coding, the reference relation of the video frames and the image quality of the video frames are considered at the same time, image quality evaluation is carried out on the target video frames with the frame level lower than a preset frame level threshold, the initial QP of the target video frames is adjusted according to the image quality to obtain an optimized QP, namely the initial QP is corrected under the condition of poor image quality, so that the waste of code rate of the video frames with poor image quality can be reduced, meanwhile, the image quality is not calculated for other video frames with the frame level not lower than the preset frame level threshold, and the calculation amount is saved by coding according to the initial QP.
Additional features and advantages of embodiments of the present application will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by the practice of the present application. The objectives and other advantages of the application will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present application more comprehensible, preferred embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the detailed description of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the detailed description of the present application or the prior art description will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a video encoding method according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 2 is a block diagram of a group of pictures prediction structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 3 is a flowchart of another video encoding method according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 4 is a block diagram illustrating a video encoding apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present application will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present application. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
In the current video coding technology, the distribution strategy of quantization parameter values of video frames in a picture group is distributed according to empirical values, and the more a certain video frame in the picture group is referenced, the lower the level thereof is, the lower the distributed quantization parameter value is; or obtaining a reference relation of the actual coding probability according to pre-analysis, and distributing the quantization parameter values according to the reference relation. However, in the prior art, the code rate is allocated only according to the reference relationship, and the code rate is wasted when the image quality of the low-level image is poor.
Based on this, embodiments of the present application provide a video encoding method, an apparatus, and an electronic device, which can perform QP allocation for a video frame before video encoding, simultaneously consider a reference relationship of the video frame and image quality of the video frame, perform image quality evaluation on a target video frame whose frame level is lower than a preset frame level threshold, adjust an initial QP of the target video frame according to the image quality to obtain an optimized QP, that is, correct the initial QP under the condition of poor image quality, so that waste of a code rate for the video frame with poor image quality can be reduced, and simultaneously, the image quality is not calculated for other video frames whose frame level is not lower than the preset frame level threshold, and the amount of calculation is saved by encoding according to the initial QP.
To facilitate understanding of the present embodiment, a video encoding method disclosed in the embodiments of the present application will be described in detail first.
An embodiment of the present application provides a video encoding method, referring to a flowchart of the video encoding method shown in fig. 1, the method specifically includes the following steps:
step S102, determining the frame level of the video frame according to the reference relation of the video frame in the picture group of the video stream.
In video coding techniques, a whole video sequence is usually coded in units of groups of pictures (GOPs), where each Group of pictures includes a plurality of consecutive video frames, and the video frames in different groups of pictures do not repeat. Video frames in the picture group are divided into I, P, B three types according to reference relations, wherein I frames are key frames, are video frames adopting interframe compression and can be independently decoded into a complete picture; the P frame is a predictive coding image frame, and can refer to the previous I frame or P frame to perform interframe coding by adopting a motion prediction mode; the B frame is a bidirectional predictive coding image frame, which needs to be bidirectionally referred to, namely, two reference frames before and after the frame. The frames with the least number of times are referred to, and the frame with the most number of times is determined as the frame with the lowest grade, and the frame with the most number of times is determined as the frame with the highest grade, namely the frame grade of each video frame is determined, and the frame grade is used for representing the referred degree of the video frames.
As shown in fig. 2, in the prediction structure diagram of a group of pictures, the frame of the 0 th layer that is referred to the most frequently is determined as the frame of the lowest level, i.e., the frame level corresponding to the 0 th layer video frame is 0 level; the layer 3 video frame that is referenced the least number of times (i.e., the frame that is not referenced at all) is determined to be the highest-ranked frame, i.e., the frame level corresponding to the layer 3 video frame is level 3.
And step S104, allocating an initial quantization parameter QP to the video frame according to the frame level of the video frame.
There are various ways to allocate an initial QP for a video frame, for example, each frame level corresponds to a preset QP, and the preset QP corresponding to the frame level can be determined as the initial QP corresponding to the video frame according to the frame level of the video frame; generally speaking, the more video frames are referenced, the lower the frame level, the smaller the corresponding QP should be, so as to correspond to a larger bitrate, and according to this logic, the QP corresponding to each frame level, i.e. the preset QP, can be preset, and the preset QP is used as the QP adjustment starting point, i.e. the initial QP.
In addition, the optimal QP corresponding to each frame level can be determined according to the preset QP corresponding to each frame level and the attribute information of the video frame contained in each frame level; determining the optimal QP corresponding to the frame level as the initial QP corresponding to the video frame according to the frame level of the video frame; wherein the attribute information includes: the number of bits of header information of a video frame, the coding complexity of the video frame, and macroblock information. The process actually calculates the optimal QP corresponding to each frame level through an optimization algorithm, and then takes the optimal QP as the QP adjustment starting point, i.e., the initial QP.
And step S106, taking the video frame with the frame level lower than the preset frame level threshold value as a target video frame, acquiring the image quality of the target video frame, and adjusting the initial QP of the target video frame to be the optimized QP according to the image quality.
When the quantization parameter value of the frame level is distributed, some frames may be used as reference frames of many frames in the picture group, but if the image quality of the frames is poor, the reference significance of the subsequent frames is not large, and it is not worth to set smaller quantization parameter values and spend more code rates, so that the image quality evaluation is needed for the frames of the lower level to determine the actual quantization parameter value distribution; and for the highest grade (namely, the frame which can not be referenced at all), the quality evaluation is not needed, and the quantization parameter values are distributed according to the original strategy so as to save the calculation amount.
For example, the frame levels corresponding to the video frames in the group of pictures have five levels from 0 level to 4 levels, while the preset frame level threshold is 4, so that the video frames corresponding to 0 level, 1 level, 2 level, and 3 levels are all target video frames, only the video frames corresponding to 4 levels are other video frames that do not need quality evaluation, and the setting of the preset frame level threshold may be adjusted differently in combination with the actual situation.
There are various ways to obtain the image quality of the target video frame, for example, the mean square error value corresponding to the video frame may be used, or the Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) may also be used, and details are not repeated herein.
Step S108, encoding other video frames except the target video frame in the picture group according to the initial QPs of the other video frames; and encoding the target video frame in the picture group according to the optimized QP of the target video frame.
The process of optimizing QP based on the target video frame and encoding the initial QP of other video frames is the same as the method in the prior art, and is not described herein again.
The video coding method provided by the embodiment of the application can simultaneously consider the reference relation of the video frame and the image quality of the video frame when the QP allocation of the video frame is carried out before the video coding, carry out the image quality evaluation on the target video frame of which the frame level is lower than the preset frame level threshold, adjust the initial QP of the target video frame according to the image quality to obtain the optimized QP, namely correct the initial QP under the condition of poor image quality, thus the code rate waste of the video frame of which the image quality is poor can be reduced, simultaneously, the image quality is not calculated for other video frames of which the frame level is not lower than the preset frame level threshold, and the calculated amount is saved by coding according to the initial QP.
The embodiment of the application also provides another video coding method, which is realized on the basis of the method of the embodiment; the method mainly describes an initial QP allocation process, an image quality determination process, and a QP adjustment process, and refers to a flowchart of a video encoding method shown in fig. 3, where the method specifically includes the following steps:
step S302, according to the reference relation of the video frames in the picture group of the video stream, determining the frame level of the video frames. This step is the same as the step S102, and is not described herein again.
Step S304, determining the optimal QP corresponding to each frame level according to the preset QP corresponding to each frame level and the attribute information of the video frame contained in each frame level; wherein the attribute information includes: the number of bits of header information of a video frame, the coding complexity of the video frame, and macroblock information.
In this step, the optimal QP corresponding to each frame level is actually solved through the multiple information and the optimization algorithm, for example, under the constraint condition that "the sum of code rate changes corresponding to each frame level is less than or equal to 0 and the sum of coding losses corresponding to each frame level is minimum", the optimal quantization parameter value corresponding to each frame level is found. The specific calculation process is as follows:
(1) Let the preset QP corresponding to each frame level be Q l The optimal QP is Q l ', L denotes the frame level, L =0,1,2 … L-1; l represents a frame level number;
(2) According to the head information code rate and the video frame coding complexity of the video frame corresponding to each frame level, and Q corresponding to each frame level l And Q l ' determining the code rate change sum corresponding to each frame level.
Specifically, for each video frame corresponding to each frame level, the following operations are performed:
respectively calculating the video frames at Q according to the following formula l First code rate under action, and video frame at Q l ' second code rate under influence:
wherein, R represents the code rate of the video frame under the action of QP; h represents the number of head information bits of the video frame; s represents the video frame coding complexity; a. b respectively represent adjustment parameters;
obtaining the difference value of the first code rate and the second code rate to obtain the code rate change corresponding to the video frame;
summing the code rate changes of all video frames corresponding to each frame level to obtain the code rate change corresponding to each frame level;
and summing the code rate changes corresponding to each frame level to obtain the code rate change sum corresponding to each frame level.
(3) According to the macro block information of the video frame corresponding to each frame level and Q corresponding to each frame level l And Q l Determining the coding loss sum corresponding to each frame level;
specifically, for each video frame corresponding to each frame level, the following operations are performed:
respectively calculating the video frames at Q according to the following formula l First coding loss under influence, and video frame at Q l ' second coding loss under action:
wherein D represents the coding loss of the video frame under the action of QP; n represents the number of macroblocks included in the video frame; a. The i Indicating the loss proportion of the ith macroblock in the video frame; q i Represents the quantization parameter value corresponding to the ith macroblock, which is based on A i Adjusted value of QP;
calculating a difference value between the first coding loss and the second coding loss to obtain a coding loss corresponding to the video frame;
calculating the average value of the coding loss of all video frames corresponding to each frame level;
the coding loss corresponding to each frame level is obtained according to the following formula:
wherein, Δ D tot，l Representing the coding loss, Δ D, corresponding to the frame level l l Represents the average of the coding losses of all video frames corresponding to the frame level l, δ =0.5, represents the reference coefficients between different frame levels;
and summing the coding loss corresponding to each frame level to obtain the coding loss sum corresponding to each frame level.
(4) Obtaining Q when the sum of the code rate changes corresponding to each frame level is less than or equal to 0 and the sum of the coding losses corresponding to each frame level is minimum l ', get the optimal QP corresponding to each frame level respectively.
Specifically, according to the following formula, the optimal QP corresponding to each frame level is solved by a lagrange multiplier method:
where L denotes the frame level, L =0,1,2.. L-1; delta D tot，l Representing the coding loss, Δ R, corresponding to the frame level l tot，l Representing the code rate change corresponding to the frame level l; q l ' indicates the optimal QP corresponding to each frame level when the sum of the changes in the code rate at each frame level is equal to or less than 0 and the coding loss at each frame level is the minimum.
Step S306, according to the frame level of the video frame, the optimal QP corresponding to the frame level is determined as the initial QP corresponding to the video frame.
Step S308, taking the video frame with the frame level lower than the preset frame level threshold value as a target video frame, and calculating a mean square error value corresponding to the target video frame according to a first pixel value corresponding to the target video frame and a second pixel value of the target video frame; the first pixel value is an initial pixel value before the target video frame is coded, and the second pixel value is a pixel value after the initial QP coding corresponding to the target video frame is based; or the first pixel value is a pixel value after preset QP coding corresponding to the target video frame, and the second pixel value is a pixel value after initial QP coding corresponding to the target video frame.
Here, the calculation of the mean square error value includes the following three cases:
1) The first pixel value is an initial pixel value before the target video frame is coded, and the second pixel value is a pixel value after preset QP coding corresponding to the target video frame;
2) The first pixel value is an initial pixel value before the target video frame is coded, and the second pixel value is a pixel value after the optimal QP coding corresponding to the target video frame is based;
3) The first pixel value is a pixel value after preset QP coding corresponding to the target video frame; the second pixel value is a pixel value after optimal QP coding corresponding to the target video frame.
Specifically, the mean square error value corresponding to the target video frame may be calculated according to the following formula:
wherein, MSE represents the mean square error value corresponding to the target video frame; mn denotes a video frame image with a size of m × n, and I (I, j) and K (I, j) denote a first pixel value and a second pixel value of the target video frame at the pixel position (I, j), respectively.
Step S310, determining the image quality of the target video frame according to the mean square error value.
The method for determining the image quality in the embodiment of the application comprises two modes: firstly, directly taking the mean square error value as the image quality of a target video frame; secondly, based on the mean square error value of the target video frame, the corresponding PSNR is further calculated, and the PSNR is used as the image quality of the target video frame.
In step S312, if the image quality exceeds the preset threshold, the initial QP is adjusted upward to obtain an optimized QP corresponding to the target video frame.
The image quality of the target video frame is determined based on the mean square error of the video frame, if the image quality exceeds a threshold value, the loss of the image of the target video frame after being coded is visible to human eyes, and the code rate is saved as much as possible under the condition that the coding loss of the image is invisible to human eyes, so that the initial QP corresponding to the target video frame needs to be adjusted upwards to obtain the optimized QP corresponding to the target video frame, the optimized QP is used for coding, and the code rate of the target video frame can be reduced.
In a preferred manner, the upward adjustment of the initial QP can be achieved by the following process:
(1) Determining a QP (quantization parameter) up-regulation amplitude value corresponding to the target video frame according to the image quality of the target video frame and a preset threshold; specifically, the QP upscaling value corresponding to the target video frame may be determined according to the following formula:
wherein Δ Q represents a QP upscaling magnitude value corresponding to the target video frame; iqa l Representing the image quality corresponding to the target video frame; iqa yu A preset threshold value corresponding to the image quality is represented;
wherein it is present>
Representing the average quantization step.
(2) And adding the initial QP corresponding to the target video frame with the QP up-regulation amplitude value to obtain the optimized QP corresponding to the target video frame.
Step S314, encoding other video frames except the target video frame in the picture group according to the initial QPs of the other video frames; and encoding the target video frame in the picture group according to the optimized QP of the target video frame. This step is the same as the step S108, and is not described herein again.
The video coding method provided by the embodiment of the application can determine the optimal QP corresponding to each frame level according to the initial QP corresponding to each frame level in the picture group and some attribute information corresponding to each video frame, such as the header information code rate, the video frame coding complexity and the macro block information, thereby determining the initial QP corresponding to each video frame, further detecting the image quality of the target video frame with a lower frame level, and if the image quality is poor, the optimal QP of the target video frame needs to be adjusted upwards, so that the code rate distribution of the video frame with poor image quality can be reduced, and the waste of the code rate can be effectively reduced under the condition of ensuring the video quality.
Based on the foregoing method embodiment, an embodiment of the present application further provides a video encoding apparatus, as shown in fig. 4, the apparatus includes: a frame level determining module 42, configured to determine a frame level of a video frame according to a reference relationship of the video frame in a group of pictures of the video stream; an initial QP allocation module 44 for allocating an initial quantization parameter QP for the video frame according to the frame level of the video frame; a QP adjustment module 46, configured to use a video frame with a frame level lower than a preset frame level threshold as a target video frame, obtain image quality of the target video frame, and adjust an initial QP of the target video frame to be an optimized QP according to the image quality; an encoding module 48, configured to encode, for other video frames in the group of pictures except the target video frame, the other video frames according to the initial QPs of the other video frames; and encoding the target video frame in the picture group according to the optimized QP of the target video frame.
The video coding device provided by the embodiment of the application can simultaneously consider the reference relation of the video frame and the image quality of the video frame when QP allocation of the video frame is carried out before video coding, carry out image quality evaluation on the target video frame of which the frame level is lower than the preset frame level threshold value, adjust the initial QP of the target video frame according to the image quality to obtain the optimized QP, namely correct the initial QP under the condition of poor image quality, thus the waste of code rate of the video frame of which the image quality is poor can be reduced, simultaneously, the image quality is not calculated for other video frames of which the frame level is not lower than the preset frame level threshold value, and the calculated amount is saved by coding according to the initial QP.
Each frame level corresponds to a preset QP; the above-mentioned initial QP allocation module 44 is also configured to: determining a preset QP corresponding to the frame level as an initial QP corresponding to the video frame according to the frame level of the video frame; or determining the optimal QP corresponding to each frame level according to the preset QP corresponding to each frame level and the attribute information of the video frame contained in each frame level; determining the optimal QP corresponding to the frame level as the initial QP corresponding to the video frame according to the frame level of the video frame; wherein the attribute information includes: the number of bits of header information of a video frame, the coding complexity of the video frame, and macroblock information.
The QP adjustment module 46 is further configured to calculate a mean square error value corresponding to the target video frame according to the first pixel value corresponding to the target video frame and the second pixel value of the target video frame; the first pixel value is an initial pixel value before the target video frame is coded, and the second pixel value is a pixel value after the initial QP coding corresponding to the target video frame is based; or the first pixel value is a pixel value after preset QP coding corresponding to the target video frame is based on, and the second pixel value is a pixel value after initial QP coding corresponding to the target video frame is based on; and determining the image quality of the target video frame according to the mean square error value.
The QP adjustment module 46 is further configured to calculate a mean square error value corresponding to the target video frame according to the following formula:
wherein, MSE represents the mean square error value corresponding to the target video frame; mn denotes a video frame image with size m × n, I (I, j), K (I, j) denotes a first pixel value and a second pixel value of the target video frame at pixel position (I, j), respectively.
The initial QP allocation module 44 is further configured to set a preset QP corresponding to each frame level to Q l The optimal QP is Q l ', L denotes the frame level, L =0,1,2.. L-1; l represents the number of frame levels; according to the head information code rate and the video frame coding complexity of the video frame corresponding to each frame level, and the Q corresponding to each frame level l And Q l ', determining the code rate change sum corresponding to each frame level; according to the macro block information of the video frame corresponding to each frame level and Q corresponding to each frame level l And Q l ', doDetermining the coding loss sum corresponding to each frame level; obtaining Q when the sum of the code rate changes corresponding to each frame level is less than or equal to 0 and the sum of the coding losses corresponding to each frame level is minimum l ' to obtain the optimal QP corresponding to each frame level.
The above-mentioned initial QP allocation module 44 is further configured to, for each video frame corresponding to each frame level, perform the following operations: respectively calculating the video frames at Q according to the following formula l First code rate under action, and video frame at Q l ' second code rate under influence:
wherein, R represents the code rate of the video frame under the action of QP; h represents the number of bits of header information of the video frame; s represents the video frame coding complexity; a. b respectively represent adjustment parameters; obtaining a difference value between the first code rate and the second code rate to obtain the code rate change corresponding to the video frame; summing the code rate changes of all video frames corresponding to each frame level to obtain the code rate change corresponding to each frame level; and summing the code rate changes corresponding to each frame level to obtain the code rate change sum corresponding to each frame level.
The above-mentioned initial QP allocation module 44 is further configured to, for each video frame corresponding to each frame level, perform the following operations: respectively calculating the video frames at Q according to the following formula l First coding loss under influence, and video frame at Q l ' second coding loss under action:
wherein, D represents the coding loss of the video frame under the action of QP; n represents the number of macroblocks included in the video frame; a. The i Indicating the loss proportion of the ith macroblock in the video frame; q i Represents the quantization parameter value corresponding to the ith macroblock, which is based on A i Adjusted value of QP; the difference value of the first coding loss and the second coding loss is obtained to obtain the corresponding coding of the video frameLoss; calculating the average value of the coding loss of all video frames corresponding to each frame level; the coding loss corresponding to each frame level is obtained according to the following formula:
wherein, Δ D tot，l Representing the coding loss, Δ D, corresponding to the frame level l l Represents the average of the coding losses of all video frames corresponding to the frame level l, δ =0.5, represents the reference coefficients between different frame levels; and summing the coding loss corresponding to each frame level to obtain the coding loss sum corresponding to each frame level.
The above initial QP allocation module 44 is further configured to solve the optimal QP corresponding to each frame level by a lagrange multiplier method according to the following formula:
where L denotes the frame level, L =0,1,2.. L-1; delta D tot，l Representing the coding loss, Δ R, corresponding to the frame level l tot，l Representing the code rate change corresponding to the frame level l; q l ' indicates the optimal QP corresponding to each frame level when the sum of the changes in the code rate at each frame level is equal to or less than 0 and the coding loss at each frame level is the minimum.
The QP adjustment module 46 is further configured to adjust the initial QP upward if the image quality exceeds a preset threshold, so as to obtain an optimized QP corresponding to the target video frame.
The QP adjustment module 46 is further configured to determine a QP up-adjustment amplitude value corresponding to the target video frame according to the image quality of the target video frame and a preset threshold; and adding the initial QP corresponding to the target video frame with the QP up-regulation amplitude value to obtain the optimized QP corresponding to the target video frame.
The QP adjustment module 46 is further configured to determine a QP upscaling value corresponding to the target video frame according to the following formula:
wherein Δ Q represents a QP upscaling magnitude value corresponding to the target video frame; IQA l Representing the image quality corresponding to the target video frame; iqa yu A preset threshold value corresponding to the image quality is represented;
wherein it is present>
Representing the average quantization step.
The video encoding apparatus provided in the embodiments of the present application has the same implementation principle and technical effects as those of the foregoing method embodiments, and for the sake of brief description, no mention is made in the embodiment of the apparatus, and reference may be made to the corresponding contents in the foregoing method embodiments.
An electronic device is further provided in the embodiments of the present application, as shown in fig. 5, which is a schematic structural diagram of the electronic device, where the electronic device includes a processor 51 and a memory 50, the memory 50 stores computer-executable instructions that can be executed by the processor 51, and the processor 51 executes the computer-executable instructions to implement the foregoing method.
In the embodiment shown in fig. 5, the electronic device further comprises a bus 52 and a communication interface 53, wherein the processor 51, the communication interface 53 and the memory 50 are connected by the bus 52.
The Memory 50 may include a Random Access Memory (RAM) and a non-volatile Memory (non-volatile Memory), such as at least one disk Memory. The communication connection between the network element of the system and at least one other network element is realized through at least one communication interface 53 (which may be wired or wireless), and the internet, a wide area network, a local network, a metropolitan area network, and the like can be used. The bus 52 may be an ISA (Industry Standard Architecture) bus, a PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect) bus, an EISA (Extended Industry Standard Architecture) bus, or the like. The bus 52 may be divided into an address bus, a data bus, a control bus, etc. For ease of illustration, only one double-headed arrow is shown in FIG. 5, but this does not indicate only one bus or one type of bus.
The processor 51 may be an integrated circuit chip having signal processing capabilities. In implementation, the steps of the above method may be performed by integrated logic circuits of hardware or instructions in the form of software in the processor 51. The Processor 51 may be a general-purpose Processor, and includes a Central Processing Unit (CPU), a Network Processor (NP), and the like; the device can also be a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) or other Programmable logic device, a discrete Gate or transistor logic device, or a discrete hardware component. A general purpose processor may be a microprocessor or the processor may be any conventional processor or the like. The steps of the method disclosed in connection with the embodiments of the present application may be directly implemented by a hardware decoding processor, or implemented by a combination of hardware and software modules in the decoding processor. The software module may be located in ram, flash memory, rom, prom, or eprom, registers, etc. storage media as is well known in the art. The storage medium is located in a memory, and the processor 51 reads information in the memory and performs the steps of the method of the previous embodiment in combination with hardware thereof.
Embodiments of the present application further provide a computer-readable storage medium, where computer-executable instructions are stored, and when the computer-executable instructions are called and executed by a processor, the computer-executable instructions cause the processor to implement the method, and specific implementation may refer to the foregoing method embodiments, and is not described herein again.
The method, the apparatus, and the computer program product of the electronic device provided in the embodiments of the present application include a computer-readable storage medium storing a program code, where instructions included in the program code may be used to execute the method described in the foregoing method embodiments, and specific implementation may refer to the method embodiments, and will not be described herein again.
Unless specifically stated otherwise, the relative steps, numerical expressions, and numerical values of the components and steps set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present application.
The functions, if implemented in the form of software functional units and sold or used as a stand-alone product, may be stored in a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium executable by a processor. Based on such understanding, the technical solution of the present application or portions thereof that substantially contribute to the prior art may be embodied in the form of a software product stored in a storage medium and including instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device) to execute all or part of the steps of the method according to the embodiments of the present application. And the aforementioned storage medium includes: a U-disk, a removable hard disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a magnetic disk or an optical disk, and other various media capable of storing program codes.
In the description of the present application, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present application. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above-mentioned embodiments are only specific embodiments of the present application, and are used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present application, but not limiting the same, and the scope of the present application is not limited thereto, and although the present application is described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that: any person skilled in the art can modify or easily conceive the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or equivalent substitutes for some technical features within the technical scope disclosed in the present application; such modifications, changes or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the exemplary embodiments of the present application, and are intended to be covered by the scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (14)
1. A method of video encoding, the method comprising:
determining the frame level of a video frame according to the reference relation of the video frame in a picture group of a video stream;
allocating an initial quantization parameter QP to the video frame according to the frame level of the video frame;
taking a video frame with a frame level lower than a preset frame level threshold as a target video frame, acquiring the image quality of the target video frame, and adjusting the initial QP of the target video frame to be an optimized QP according to the image quality;
for other video frames in the picture group except the target video frame, encoding the other video frames according to the initial QPs of the other video frames; and encoding the target video frame in the picture group according to the optimized QP of the target video frame.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein each frame level corresponds to a preset QP; the step of allocating an initial quantization parameter QP to the video frame according to the frame level of the video frame comprises:
determining a preset QP corresponding to the frame level as an initial QP corresponding to the video frame according to the frame level of the video frame; alternatively, the first and second electrodes may be,
determining an optimal QP corresponding to each frame level according to the preset QP corresponding to each frame level and the attribute information of the video frame contained in each frame level; determining the optimal QP corresponding to the frame level as the initial QP corresponding to the video frame according to the frame level of the video frame; wherein the attribute information includes: the number of bits of header information of a video frame, the video frame coding complexity, and macroblock information.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the step of obtaining the image quality of the target video frame comprises:
calculating a mean square error value corresponding to the target video frame according to a first pixel value corresponding to the target video frame and a second pixel value of the target video frame;
the first pixel value is an initial pixel value before the target video frame is encoded, and the second pixel value is a pixel value after the initial QP encoding corresponding to the target video frame is based; or the first pixel value is a pixel value after preset QP coding corresponding to the target video frame is based on, and the second pixel value is a pixel value after initial QP coding corresponding to the target video frame is based on;
and determining the image quality of the target video frame according to the mean square error value.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the step of calculating a mean square error value corresponding to the target video frame according to the first pixel value corresponding to the target video frame and the second pixel value corresponding to the target video frame comprises:
calculating a mean square error value corresponding to the target video frame according to the following formula:
wherein, MSE represents the mean square error value corresponding to the target video frame; mn denotes a video frame image with size m × n, I (I, j), K (I, j) denotes a first pixel value and a second pixel value of the target video frame at pixel position (I, j), respectively.
5. The method according to claim 2, wherein the step of determining the optimal QP for each frame level according to the preset QP corresponding to each frame level and the attribute information of the video frame included in each frame level comprises:
let the preset QP corresponding to each frame level be Q l The optimal QP is Q l ', L denotes frame level, L =0,1,2 … L-1; l represents the number of frame levels;
according to the head information code rate and the video frame coding complexity of the video frame corresponding to each frame level, and the Q corresponding to each frame level l And Q l ', determining the code rate change sum corresponding to each frame level;
according to the macro block information of the video frame corresponding to each frame level and Q corresponding to each frame level l And Q l Determining the coding loss sum corresponding to each frame level;
obtaining Q when the sum of the code rate changes corresponding to each frame level is less than or equal to 0 and the sum of the coding losses corresponding to each frame level is minimum l ' to obtain the optimal QP corresponding to each frame level.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the coding rate and the coding complexity of the video frame are determined according to the header information of the video frame corresponding to each frame level, and the Q corresponding to each frame level l And Q l ' the step of determining the sum of the code rate changes corresponding to each frame level comprises:
for each video frame corresponding to each frame level, the following operations are performed:
respectively calculating the video frames at Q according to the following formula l First code rate under action, and the video frame is at Q l ' second code rate under influence:
wherein, R represents the code rate of the video frame under the action of QP; h represents the number of head information bits of the video frame; s represents the video frame coding complexity; a. b respectively represent adjustment parameters;
obtaining a difference value between the first code rate and the second code rate to obtain a code rate change corresponding to the video frame;
summing the code rate changes of all video frames corresponding to each frame level to obtain the code rate change corresponding to each frame level; and summing the code rate changes corresponding to each frame level to obtain the code rate change sum corresponding to each frame level.
7. The method of claim 5, wherein the Q is determined according to macroblock information of the video frame corresponding to each frame level and the Q corresponding to each frame level l And Q l ' the step of determining a sum of coding losses corresponding to each frame level, comprising:
for each video frame corresponding to each frame level, the following operations are performed:
respectively calculating the video frames at Q according to the following formula l First coding loss under influence, and said video frame being at Q l ' second coding loss under action:
wherein, D represents the coding loss of the video frame under the action of QP; n represents the number of macroblocks included in the video frame; a. The i Indicating the loss proportion of the ith macroblock in the video frame; q i Represents the quantization parameter value corresponding to the ith macroblock, which is based on A i Adjusted value of QP;
calculating a difference value between the first coding loss and the second coding loss to obtain a coding loss corresponding to the video frame;
calculating the average value of the coding loss of all video frames corresponding to each frame level;
the coding loss corresponding to each frame level is obtained according to the following formula:
wherein, Δ D tot,l Representing the coding loss, Δ D, corresponding to the frame level l l Represents the average of the coding losses of all video frames corresponding to the frame level l, δ =0.5, represents the reference coefficients between different frame levels;
and summing the coding loss corresponding to each frame level to obtain the coding loss sum corresponding to each frame level.
8. The method of claim 5, wherein Q is obtained when the sum of the code rate changes for each frame level is less than or equal to 0 and the sum of the coding losses for each frame level is minimized l ' obtaining the optimal QP corresponding to each frame level, comprising:
and solving the optimal QP corresponding to each frame level by a Lagrange multiplier method according to the following formula:
where L denotes the frame level, L =0,1,2 … L-1; delta D tot,l Representing the coding loss, Δ R, corresponding to the frame level l tot,l Representing the code rate change corresponding to the frame level l; q l ' indicates the optimal QP corresponding to each frame level when the sum of the changes in the code rate at each frame level is equal to or less than 0 and the coding loss at each frame level is the minimum.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of adjusting the initial QP of the target video frame to an optimized QP according to the image quality comprises:
and if the image quality exceeds a preset threshold value, the initial QP is adjusted upwards to obtain an optimized QP corresponding to the target video frame.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the step of adjusting up the initial QP to obtain an optimized QP for the target video frame comprises:
determining a QP (quantization parameter) up-regulation amplitude value corresponding to the target video frame according to the image quality of the target video frame and the preset threshold;
and adding the initial QP corresponding to the target video frame and the QP up-regulation amplitude value to obtain the optimized QP corresponding to the target video frame.
11. The method according to claim 10, wherein the step of determining the QP up-regulation amplitude value corresponding to the target video frame according to the image quality of the target video frame and the preset threshold comprises:
determining a QP up-regulation amplitude value corresponding to the target video frame according to the following formula:
wherein Δ Q represents a QP up-scaling magnitude value corresponding to the target video frame; iqa l Representing the image quality corresponding to the target video frame; iqa yu A preset threshold value corresponding to the image quality is represented;
wherein it is present>
Representing the average quantization step.
12. A video encoding apparatus, characterized in that the apparatus comprises:
the frame level determining module is used for determining the frame level of the video frame according to the reference relation of the video frame in the picture group of the video stream;
an initial QP allocation module used for allocating an initial quantization parameter QP to the video frame according to the frame level of the video frame;
the QP adjustment module is used for taking a video frame with a frame level lower than a preset frame level threshold as a target video frame, acquiring the image quality of the target video frame, and adjusting the initial QP of the target video frame to be an optimized QP according to the image quality;
the coding module is used for coding other video frames except the target video frame in the picture group according to the initial QPs of the other video frames; and encoding the target video frame in the picture group according to the optimized QP of the target video frame.
13. An electronic device comprising a processor and a memory, the memory storing computer-executable instructions executable by the processor, the processor executing the computer-executable instructions to implement the method of any of claims 1 to 11.
14. A computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon computer-executable instructions that, when invoked and executed by a processor, cause the processor to implement the method of any of claims 1 to 11.
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