CN115906568B - Method for simulating ice load long duration under complex ice condition based on ship ice collision characteristics - Google Patents
Method for simulating ice load long duration under complex ice condition based on ship ice collision characteristics Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an ice load long-duration simulation method under complex ice conditions based on ship ice collision physical characteristics, which comprises the steps of firstly constructing a local small-scale sea ice and ship and other structure interaction model, and obtaining structural ice load and stress strain parameters of the sea ice; outputting the relative position of the ship and the sea ice and the stress-strain parameter of the sea ice obtained by the calculation example to a file; then taking the output file as an input parameter of the next calculation example to form a new sea ice and ship interaction model, and introducing an expanded sea ice numerical model on the basis to develop collision analysis of ice and ships; the above steps are repeated until a sufficiently long ice load calendar is obtained. The invention can realize long-time calendar simulation of ice load under complex ice conditions based on physical characteristics of ship ice collision, solves the defect of shorter ice load calendar obtained by the simulation of the existing commercial software, and provides reference for ice load forecasting and safety check of polar engineering structures.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a long-duration ice load simulation method under a complex ice condition based on ship ice collision characteristics. Belonging to the field of ocean engineering.
Background
For ships sailing in ice areas, the ships are subjected to continuous impact of ice load, and structural fatigue failure is easy to occur. As a simulation method of the ship ice interaction force, the finite element method has also received attention from the relevant scholars. The ship ice collision based on the finite element direct calculation method can reasonably determine the interaction force between ship ices, and the nonlinear finite element calculation method has obvious advantages especially when the collision type ice breaking load is calculated. Nonlinear finite element methods of ship ice collision are particularly computationally demanding. The existing research usually only sets a single ice rink, and is limited by calculation resources, the size of a complete ice rink is generally only tens of meters, and the obtained load calendar is also shorter (a few seconds to a few tens of seconds). Fatigue damage of a ship body structure means that structural damage is accumulated continuously under the action of long-term load, and the performance of structural materials is attenuated. The ice load of the above-mentioned ephemeris is not used to guide the anti-fatigue design of the structure. Furthermore, when the polar vessel is sailing along a certain sea ice covered course, it is difficult for the existing research methods to give continuous ice breaking simulation of the polar vessel on that course. Zhao Weidong the doctor gives a long-duration ice load forecasting method for the ice layer in the doctor paper, but the method is only suitable for the ice layer working condition, wherein the characteristic length of a local ice field is set to be a fixed value, the influence of a water area on the periodic boundary of sea ice is ignored, and the accurate load calendar and related collision results cannot be given for the special boundary form of the complex ice condition and the characteristic length of the ice field when the complex ice condition is processed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: in order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides the ice load long-time calendar simulation method under the complex ice condition based on the ship ice collision characteristics, which can realize the ice load long-time calendar simulation under the complex ice condition based on the ship ice collision physical characteristics, solves the defect of shorter ice load time calendar obtained by the existing commercial software simulation, and provides reference for ice load forecasting and safety check of polar engineering structures.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a long-duration ice load simulation method under a complex ice condition based on ship ice collision characteristics, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Constructing equivalent complex ice condition geometric figures according to polar ice conditions obtained by satellite cloud pictures, and dividing the figures into M n The number of n is the number of patterns, M 1 、M 2 …M n ，a＝1；
(2) Establishing a local small-scale interaction numerical model of the ship and sea ice, wherein the method mainly comprises the following steps of: a hull numerical model, a sea ice numerical model and a water area numerical model;
(3) Dividing the Ma image into q equal parts, and setting polar ship as V a At a constant speed, the length of the local ice rink is L a Then the load calendar of the local scale is t a ＝L a /V a ，h＝1；
(4) Carrying out local small-scale ship-ice collision analysis from the h equal division, setting relative spatial positions and numerical models of a ship body structure, sea ice and a water area, setting initial structural stress in the ship body and the sea ice model to be zero, distributing initial pressure in the water area according to the influence of gravity, outputting position parameters and stress strain parameters of water at boundary junctions of the ship, the ice, the h equal division model and the h+1 equal division model, and storing the position parameters and the stress strain parameters to a file;
(5) Based on the parameters in the file of the step (4), taking the parameters as initial parameters of h+1 equal division, continuously constructing an interaction numerical model of the ship and sea ice, wherein the boundary condition of water area pressure at the boundary junction of the h equal division model and the h+1 equal division model is thatIn p hb The pressure of the boundary water area of the h equal division model, p h+1b For the initial water pressure in the h+1 aliquoting model, which is generated only by gravity distribution, the formula is applicable to the water pressure of the adjacent boundary in the local model of the layer ice, the floating ice and the ice ridge, and the formula is>
Wherein: ρ 0 -density in nominal/reference state, typically in unstressed or undeformed state;
p—drainage basin pressure;
mu-volume parameter;
E 0 -an initial internal energy per unit volume;
c—propagation speed of sound in water;
γ 0 -gaussian gamma function;
alpha-and gamma-ray 0 Corresponding first-order volume parameters;
S 1 ,S 2 ,S 3 a dimensionless coefficient for characterizing the slope of the particle velocity curve;
(6) If h < q, repeating steps (4) - (5); repeating steps (3) - (5) if h=q, a=a+1, and if a < n+1;
(7) And (5) ending.
Preferably, the step (1) includes the steps of:
(11) Identifying sea ice types under a given ice rink by using a polar ice condition diagram obtained by a satellite cloud diagram, wherein the types comprise layer ice, floating ice and ice ridges;
(12) Extracting sea ice characteristic parameters of the type, including ice thickness, floating ice density and ice ridge width;
(13) For the ice rink, different types of sea ice are simplified, modeled and discretized, wherein for the layer ice, the sea ice is simplified into a large rectangular plate, and the rectangular plate is discretized by adopting hexahedral units to form a numerical model of the layer ice; for floating ice, a floating ice model is simplified by a polygonal plate by referring to a satellite cloud image or a floating ice image obtained by an aerial photographing instrument, and is scattered by adopting a hexahedral unit to form a numerical model of the floating ice; for the ice ridge, simplifying the ice ridge into a homogeneous polyhedral prismatic structure, dispersing the ice ridge by adopting hexahedral units to form a numerical model of the ice ridge, and arranging the numerical model of the sea ice according to a polar ice condition diagram to form a complete complicated ice condition numerical model.
Preferably, the step (3) includes the steps of: the characteristic length L meets the following condition, and for floating ice, the characteristic length is at least 6 times of the ship length; for ice layers, the characteristic length is at least 4 times the ship length; for ice ridges, the characteristic length is at least 3 times the ship length; for any combination of two sea ice types, the feature length is determined by convergence analysis.
The beneficial effects are that: according to the ice load long-duration simulation method based on the ship ice collision characteristics under the complex ice condition, the ice load long-duration simulation method is researched based on the characteristic of continuous stress strain in the finite element numerical method, and the ice load long-duration prediction method based on the real simulation of sea ice failure can realize the long-duration ice load prediction of the structure and has the advantages of high efficiency and accurate calculation. The invention can also realize long-time calendar simulation of ice load under complex ice conditions based on physical characteristics of ship ice collision, solves the defect of shorter ice load time calendar obtained by the existing commercial software simulation, and provides reference for ice load forecasting and safety check of polar engineering structures.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary complex ice condition of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a core schematic diagram of the ice load long calendar simulation method under the complex ice condition.
Fig. 4 is a diagram illustrating an ice breaking condition according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a long duration ice load result for an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1 to 5, the invention performs research on the ice load long-duration simulation method based on the characteristic of continuous stress strain in the finite element numerical method, can realize long-duration ice load forecast of a structure on the basis of truly simulating sea ice failure, and has the advantages of high efficiency and accurate calculation. Firstly, constructing a local small-scale sea ice and ship structure interaction model, and obtaining structural ice load and stress strain parameters of the sea ice; outputting the relative position of the ship and the sea ice and the stress-strain parameter of the sea ice obtained by the calculation example to a file; then taking the output file as an input parameter of the next calculation example to form a new sea ice and ship interaction model, and introducing an expanded sea ice numerical model on the basis to develop collision analysis of ice and ships; the above steps are repeated until a sufficiently long ice load calendar is obtained. The invention can realize long-time calendar simulation of ice load under complex ice conditions based on physical characteristics of ship ice collision, solves the defect of shorter ice load calendar obtained by the simulation of the existing commercial software, and provides reference for ice load forecasting and safety check of polar engineering structures.
A long-duration ice load simulation method under complex ice conditions based on ship ice collision features comprises the following steps:
(1) Constructing equivalent complex ice condition geometric figures according to polar ice conditions obtained by satellite cloud pictures, and dividing the figures into M n The number of n is the number of patterns, M 1 、M 2 …M n ，a＝1；
(2) Establishing a local small-scale interaction numerical model of the ship and sea ice, wherein the method mainly comprises the following steps of: the system comprises a ship body numerical model, a sea ice numerical model and a water area numerical model, wherein the ship body is constructed by shell units in finite elements, and the material attribute is an elastoplastic model or a rigid body model; sea ice is constructed by solid units in finite elements, and the material attribute is an elastoplastic model; the water area model is constructed based on any Euler-Lagrange method, and the state equation is a Gaussian model.
(3) Dividing the Ma image into q equal parts, and setting polar ship as V a At a constant speed, the length of the local ice rink is L a Then the load calendar of the local scale is t a ＝L a /V a ，h＝1；
(4) Carrying out local small-scale ship-ice collision analysis from the h equal division, setting relative spatial positions and numerical models of a ship body structure, sea ice and a water area, setting initial structural stress in the ship body and the sea ice model to be zero, distributing initial pressure in the water area according to the influence of gravity, outputting position parameters and stress strain parameters of water at boundary junctions of the ship, the ice, the h equal division model and the h+1 equal division model, and storing the position parameters and the stress strain parameters to a file;
(5) Based on the parameters in the file of step (4)Taking the model as an initial parameter of h+1 equal division, and continuously constructing an interaction numerical model of the ship and sea ice, wherein the boundary condition of water area pressure at the boundary junction of the h equal division model and the h+1 equal division model is as followsIn p hb The pressure of the boundary water area of the h equal division model, namely the stress value, p, obtained in the step (4) h+1b The initial water area pressure generated only by gravity distribution in the h+1 equal division model is calculated by a formula, and the formula is applicable to the water area pressure of adjacent boundaries in the partial model of the ice layer, the floating ice and the ice ridge
Wherein: ρ 0 -density in nominal/reference state, typically in unstressed or undeformed state;
p—drainage basin pressure;
mu-volume parameter;
E 0 -an initial internal energy per unit volume;
c—propagation speed of sound in water;
γ 0 -gaussian gamma function;
alpha-and gamma-ray 0 Corresponding first-order volume parameters;
S 1 ,S 2 ,S 3 a dimensionless coefficient for characterizing the slope of the particle velocity curve;
(6) If h < q, repeating steps (4) - (5); if h=q, a=a+1, and if a < n+1, repeating steps (3) - (5) to obtain enough load time duration. Aiming at complex ice conditions, the characteristic periodic boundary analysis method based on stress strain continuity in the finite element numerical method is used for researching the ice load long-duration simulation method, and continuous simulation of long-duration ice load forecast and navigation of a channel of a structural polar ship under the complex ice conditions can be realized on the basis of truly simulating sea ice failure.
It is worth noting that the invention carries out the identification of sea ice type under a given ice field, such as layer ice, floating ice and ice ridge, on a polar ice condition map obtained by a satellite cloud image or an aerial photographing instrument; then extracting sea ice characteristic parameters of the type, including main characteristic parameters such as layer ice thickness, floating ice density, ice ridge width and the like; for the ice rink, different types of sea ice are simplified, modeled and discretized. For the ice layer, simplifying the ice layer into a large rectangular plate, dispersing the ice layer by adopting hexahedral units, and forming a numerical model of the ice layer; for floating ice, a floating ice model is simplified by a polygonal plate by referring to a satellite cloud image or a floating ice image obtained by an aerial photographing instrument, and is scattered by adopting a hexahedral unit to form a numerical model of the floating ice; for the ice ridge, the ice ridge is simplified into a homogeneous polyhedral prismatic structure, and the polyhedral prismatic structure is scattered by adopting hexahedral units to form a numerical model of the ice ridge. And arranging the numerical models of the sea ice according to the polar ice condition graph to form a complete numerical model of the complex ice condition.
It is noted that, between different types of sea ice, a corresponding boundary processing mode needs to be given, and the types of sea ice boundaries mainly involved are: boundary of layer ice and floating ice, boundary of layer ice and ice ridge (ice ridge and floating ice tend not to be adjacent). The junction of the ice layer and the ice ridge is ensured to ensure that the thickness of the ice layer is consistent with the thickness of the bonding layer of the ice ridge so as to ensure the continuity of stress strain; the junction of the layer ice and the floating ice cannot ensure the continuity of the stress strain of the node because the junction has no finite element node, but can ensure the continuity of the river basin pressure at the junction of the layer ice and the floating ice.
It is also noted that, when processing the result parameters after the calculation of the example N is completed, extra attention is required to the boundary processing between the example N and the example n+1. For sea ice at the boundary of the two calculation examples, the model is developed based on a finite element method, so that parameters such as stress, strain and the like of the node can be flexibly output and transmitted; however, the water area in the model is calculated based on any euler-lagrangian method (ALE) with which it is difficult to output and transfer the stress strain at the boundary junctions. If the influence of the water area continuity is ignored, the initial state of the water area in the calculation example n+1 is influenced, and an error is generated on the calculation accuracy. To solve this problem, the present invention outputs the water pressure at the boundary surface in example N, with the water pressure at the boundary surface of the water area as the entry point, and applies the water pressure to the boundary surface as the initial water pressure in example n+1. Therefore, the problem of continuity of the water area is solved, the result precision is improved, and the beneficial effects are obtained. The invention uses a Gaussian model as a state equation of a water area and uses the Gaussian model in a finite element solver to simulate a river basin. The Gaussian model is shown below
Wherein: p—drainage basin pressure;
e0-initial internal energy per unit volume;
c—propagation speed of sound in water;
γ0—gaussian gamma function;
alpha-and gamma-ray 0 Corresponding first order volume parameters.
Obtaining the water area pressure p of the example N at the boundary interface based on the method Nb Calculation example n+1 Water pressure p at boundary interface N+1b The water pressure p of the example N at the boundary interface Nb Applied to the boundary interface of the example N+1, and the corrected water pressure of the example N+1 at the boundary interface is obtained as
Wherein, in the initial state, the water area pressure p of the example N+1 at the boundary interface is calculated N+1b Only with respect to the gravity distribution, the value is calculated by the following formula:
p＝ρgh
in the method, in the process of the invention,
p-the water area pressure at any depth in the initial state;
g-gravitational acceleration;
h-depth from the free liquid surface.
Example 1
The snow dragon No. 2 icebreaker is selected to navigate under the complex ice rink formed by the layer ice and the ice ridge. Polar science of Xuelong No. 2 examines the total length of the ship 122.5 m, the model width 22.32 m, the design draft 7.85 m, and the design water discharge 13996 tons. As shown in fig. 1, taking layer ice and ice as an example, the ridge is based on the ship sailing working condition in the ice area, and the ice load long-duration simulation method under the complex ice condition based on the ship ice collision characteristic comprises the following steps:
1. and determining the complex ice rink under the sailing working condition. The polar complex ice rink acquired by the satellite cloud image determines a local area formed by the layer ice and the ice ridge. The snow dragon No. 2 icebreaker is set to firstly encounter the ice field formed by the layer ice and then encounter the ice field formed by the ice ridge in the sailing process. And setting a boundary condition of continuous stress strain at the boundary of the ice field of the ice layer and the ice ridge.
2. And constructing a numerical model of interaction of the snow dragon No. 2 and the small-scale layer ice, constructing a model of a ship body, the layer ice and a water area, dispersing the model, and endowing the model with a relevant constitutive model, wherein a Gaussian model is preferentially selected as a state equation of the water area, and coupling contact among the ship body, the sea ice and the water area is set. The width of the local layer ice is set to be 80 meters, the length is set to be 100 meters, and the thickness is set to be 1.5 meters; the water area model has a width of 80 m, a length of 100 m and a depth of 12 m.
3. Based on a nonlinear finite element explicit analysis method, carrying out ice breaking simulation of the snow dragon No. 2 icebreaker to obtain parameters such as ice resistance, hull surface ice pressure, sea ice stress strain, relative coordinate position of ice water of the ship and the like in the ice breaking process; saving the parameters to a txt document.
4. Based on the parameters in the txt document, continuously constructing an interaction model of the snow dragon No. 2 icebreaker and the ice layer, constructing a numerical model of the ice ridge behind the ice layer model, and ensuring that the intersection of the ice layer and the ice ridge can ensure continuous stress strain of the node. The width of the ice field model formed by the ice ridges is 80 meters, the length of the ice field model is 60 meters, and the height of the keels of the ice ridges is 5 meters.
5. Aiming at the numerical model, continuing to carry out collision simulation of the snow dragon No. 2 icebreaker and the ice ridge to obtain parameters such as ice resistance, hull surface ice pressure, sea ice stress strain, relative coordinate position of ice water and the like in the process of breaking ice; saving the parameters to a txt document.
6. According to the analysis, the long-term ice-calendar load of the snow dragon No. 2 icebreaker under the complex ice condition (layer ice and ice ridge) can be obtained.
7. Since this example is merely illustrative, the number of equally divided models of ice and ice ridges in the above example is set to only 1.
The core schematic diagram of the ice load long calendar simulation method is shown in fig. 2.
An ice breaking working condition diagram of an embodiment of the invention is shown in fig. 3.
The long calendar ice load results of an embodiment of the present invention are shown in fig. 4.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the invention, it being noted that: it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, and such modifications and adaptations are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the invention.
Claims (3)
1. A long-duration ice load simulation method under complex ice conditions based on ship ice collision features is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) Constructing an equivalent complex ice condition geometric figure according to polar ice conditions obtained by satellite cloud pictures, dividing the figure into n parts which are M respectively 1 、M 2 …M n Each part is denoted as M a A is 1, 2 … n, and a polar ice condition diagram obtained by a satellite cloud diagram is used for identifying sea ice type under a given ice rink, wherein the type comprises layer ice, floating ice and ice ridges; extracting sea ice characteristic parameters of the type, including ice thickness, floating ice density and ice ridge width; for the ice rink, different types of sea ice are simplified, modeled and discretizedWherein, for the layer ice, the layer ice is simplified into a large rectangular plate, and is scattered by adopting hexahedral units to form a numerical model of the layer ice; for floating ice, a floating ice model is simplified by a polygonal plate by referring to a satellite cloud image or a floating ice image obtained by an aerial photographing instrument, and is scattered by adopting a hexahedral unit to form a numerical model of the floating ice; for the ice ridge, simplifying the ice ridge into a homogeneous polyhedral prismatic structure, dispersing the ice ridge by adopting hexahedral units to form a numerical model of the ice ridge, and arranging the numerical model of the sea ice according to a polar ice condition diagram to form a complete complicated ice condition numerical model;
(2) Establishing a local small-scale interaction numerical model of the ship and sea ice, wherein the method only comprises the following steps: hull, sea ice and waters numerical models, let a=1;
(3) Dividing the graph Ma into q equal parts, and setting a polar ship for the equal partsV a At a constant speed, the length of the local ice rink isThe load time duration of the local ice rink is +.>，h=1；
(4) Carrying out partial small-scale ship-ice collision analysis on h equal parts obtained by dividing a graph Ma, setting relative spatial positions and numerical models of a ship body, sea ice and a water area, setting initial structural stress in the numerical models of the ship body and the sea ice to be zero, distributing initial pressure in the numerical models of the water area according to the influence of gravity, outputting position parameters and stress strain parameters of the ship, position parameters and stress strain parameters of the ice and position parameters and stress strain parameters of water at boundary junctions of h equal interaction numerical models and h+1 equal interaction numerical models, and storing the parameters to a file;
(5) Based on the parameters in the file of the step (4), taking the parameters as initial parameters of the h+1 equal-division interaction numerical model, continuously constructing a ship body numerical model of the interaction of the ship and sea ice,Sea ice numerical model and water area numerical model, the boundary condition of water area pressure at boundary juncture of h equal division interaction numerical model and h+1 equal division interaction numerical model isIn the formula->Dividing the boundary water pressure of the interaction numerical model for h +.>For the initial water pressure in the h+1 interaction numerical model, which is generated only by the gravity distribution, the formula +.>Is applicable to the water area pressure of the boundary between the layer ice and the floating ice and the boundary between the layer ice and the ice ridge in the layer ice, the floating ice and the ice ridge numerical model,，
wherein:-density in nominal/reference state, typically in unstressed or undeformed state;
p-the water pressure of the seawater below the sea ice;
-a volume parameter;
E 0 -an initial internal energy per unit volume;
C-the propagation speed of sound in water;
γ 0 -gaussian gamma function;
α-and withγ 0 Corresponding oneA step volume parameter;
a dimensionless coefficient for characterizing the slope of the particle velocity curve; if h<q-1, let h=h+1, and return to execute step (4); if h=q-1, executing step (6);
(6) Repeating steps (3) - (5) if a < n, a = a + 1; if a=n, outputting a final result;
(7) And (5) ending.
2. The method for long duration modeling of ice loading under complex ice conditions based on ship ice collision features according to claim 1, wherein the step (3) comprises the steps of: the characteristic lengthThe following conditions are satisfied, and for floating ice, the characteristic length is at least 6 times of the ship length; for ice layers, the characteristic length is at least 4 times the ship length; for ice ridges, the characteristic length is at least 3 times the ship length; for any combination of two sea ice types, the feature length is determined by convergence analysis.
3. The method for simulating the long duration of ice load under the complex ice condition based on the ship ice collision characteristics according to claim 2, wherein the characteristic length is determined by convergence analysis, a plurality of groups of ship ice collision models with sequentially increasing characteristic lengths of ice rinks are set, ship ice collision simulation analysis is carried out, an average value of ice load borne by a ship body is obtained, a curve of the average value of ice load and the characteristic length of the ice rinks is drawn, and the characteristic length capable of enabling the average value of ice load to tend to be stably converged is given by considering calculation duration.
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