CN115899203A - Single-side graded transmission four-planet-row stepless speed change mechanism and speed change method thereof - Google Patents
Single-side graded transmission four-planet-row stepless speed change mechanism and speed change method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115899203A CN115899203A CN202111113103.5A CN202111113103A CN115899203A CN 115899203 A CN115899203 A CN 115899203A CN 202111113103 A CN202111113103 A CN 202111113103A CN 115899203 A CN115899203 A CN 115899203A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a unilateral-stage-driven four-planet-row stepless speed change mechanism and a speed change method thereof, belonging to the technical field of stepless speed changers. A transmission stage is additionally arranged between a first planet row and a first driving piece of the unilateral-stage-transmission four-planet-row stepless speed change mechanism, and the transmission ratio provided by the transmission stage widens the power selection range of the first driving piece.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of continuously variable transmissions, in particular to a four-planet-row continuously variable transmission mechanism with unilateral graded transmission and a speed change method thereof.
Background
With the higher and higher requirements of the society on environmental protection, the electric vehicle technology becomes the mainstream research direction of each large vehicle enterprise. At present, the electric vehicle mostly adopts a speed reducer with a fixed speed ratio, although the speed reducer with a large speed ratio can be selected to meet the power requirement when the vehicle starts and climbs, the vehicle cannot reach a high maximum speed due to the large speed ratio limitation, and the reason that the maximum speed of the electric vehicle is generally lower than the maximum speed of a fuel vehicle on the market is also provided. In order to take account of the highest speed and the climbing capability of a vehicle, a plurality of vehicle enterprises begin to install AMT transmissions on electric vehicles, but the AMT transmissions belong to step-by-step speed change in principle, and have the problems of gear shifting, gear shifting and power interruption in the prior art; the transmission ratio range of the AMT is limited by gear setting and is applied to heavy vehicles, in order to expand the transmission ratio range, a large number of gears need to be set, the gear shifting process is slow, the operation is complex, and a lot of drivers of large vehicles are reluctant to step on the brake; the AMT gear shifting process depends on a complex control strategy, so that the accurate gear shifting time is difficult to master, and the problems of high energy consumption and low efficiency exist; the AMT transmission has the disadvantages of complex structure, high manufacturing cost and difficult maintenance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems and designs a four-planet-row stepless speed change mechanism with single-side stepped transmission and a speed change method thereof.
The technical scheme of the invention is that the single-side stepped transmission four-planet-row stepless speed change mechanism comprises a first planet row, a second planet row, a third planet row and a fourth planet row, wherein a third sun gear on the third planet row is connected with a transmission stage, the transmission stage comprises a transmission gear A and a transmission gear B, the transmission gear A is meshed with the transmission gear B through external teeth, a first gear ring on the first planet row is connected with a second sun gear on the second planet row through a first connecting shaft, a second gear ring on the second planet row is connected with a third planet carrier on the third planet row, the third planet carrier is connected with a fourth sun gear on the fourth planet row through a second connecting shaft, and an output component is connected on the fourth planet carrier on the fourth planet row, the first planet carrier on the first planet row, the second planet carrier on the second planet row, the third gear ring on the third planet row and the fourth gear ring on the fourth planet row are all connected on a same rotating speed connector, a one-way stopper is arranged on the same rotating speed connector, the third sun gear sequentially penetrates through the third planet carrier, the second connecting shaft, the fourth sun gear, the fourth planet carrier and the output component through a transmission shaft, the transmission gear B is connected with a second driving piece through a second input shaft, and the first sun gear on the first planet row sequentially penetrates through the first connecting shaft, the second sun gear, the third sun gear, the transmission shaft and the transmission gear A through a first input shaft and is connected with the first driving piece.
As a further description of the present invention, the first connecting shaft, the second sun gear, the third planet carrier, the second connecting shaft, the fourth sun gear, the fourth planet carrier, the output member, the transmission shaft and the transmission gear a are all through hollow structures.
As a further explanation of the present invention, the one-way stopper serves to limit the rotational directions of the first carrier, the second carrier, the third ring gear, and the fourth ring gear.
The invention also provides a speed change method of the four-planet-row stepless speed change mechanism based on unilateral stepped transmission, wherein a first driving piece is connected with a first sun gear through a first input shaft, so that the rotating speed of the first driving piece is the same as that of the first sun gear; the second driving piece and the third sun gear are connected through a second input shaft, a transmission stage and a transmission shaft, so that the rotating speed of the second driving piece and the rotating speed of the third sun gear are in a proportional relation according to the transmission ratio of the transmission stage; the first planet carrier, the second planet carrier, the third gear ring and the fourth gear ring are all connected to a connector with the same rotating speed, so that the rotating speeds of the first planet carrier, the second planet carrier, the third gear ring and the fourth gear ring are the same; the first gear ring and the second sun gear are connected through a first connecting shaft, so that the rotating speed of the first gear ring is the same as that of the second sun gear; the second gear ring is connected with a third planet carrier, and the third planet carrier is connected with a fourth sun gear through a second connecting shaft, so that the rotating speeds of the second gear ring, the third planet carrier and the fourth sun gear are the same; the fourth planet carrier is connected with the output component, so that the rotating speed of the fourth planet carrier is the same as that of the output component.
As a further explanation of the invention, it is assumed that: the rotating speed of the first driving piece and the rotating speed of the first sun gear are N 1 (ii) a The rotating speed of the third sun gear is N 2 The transmission ratio of the transmission stage is i, and the rotating speed of the second driving piece is N 2 Xi, the rotational speeds of the first planet carrier, the second planet carrier, the third gear ring and the fourth gear ring are N 3 The rotation speed of the first gear ring and the rotation speed of the second sun gear are N 4 The rotation speed of the second gear ring, the third planet carrier and the fourth sun gear is N 5 The rotation speed of the fourth planet carrier and the output part is N 6 (ii) a When said N is 1 、N 2 、N 3 、N 4 、N 5 、N 6 When any two numerical values are determined, the other four numerical values can be calculated through the proportional relation of line segments in the vector diagram; regulating and controlling the rotational speed N of the first sun gear by driving the first driving member and the second driving member 1 And the rotational speed N of the third sun gear 2 Realizing a rotational speed N of said output member 6 In which the rotational speed N of the first carrier, the second carrier, the third ring gear and the fourth ring gear is caused to vary continuously, wherein 3 When the speed is 0, the rotating speed N of the first sun gear is set 1 And the rotational speed N of the third sun gear 2 The ratio of (A) to (B) is P; regulating and controlling the rotational speed N of the first sun gear by driving the first driving member and the second driving member 1 And the rotational speed N of the third sun gear 2 The output states of the output member are made to include a state a, a state B, a state C, a state D, and a state E.
As a further description of the inventionIn the state a, the rotation speed N of the first carrier, the second carrier, the third ring gear, and the fourth ring gear 3 Is 0, the first driving part and the second driving part control the rotating speed N of the first sun gear 1 And the rotational speed N of the third sun gear 2 Is P, the steering is positive, so that the rotating speed N of the output part 6 The steering of (1) is in the forward direction, and the transmission ratio is in the maximum state.
As a further explanation of the present invention, in the state B, the rotation speeds N of the first carrier, the second carrier, the third ring gear, and the fourth ring gear 3 The rotation direction is not 0, the rotation direction is the forward direction, and the first driving piece and the second driving piece control the rotation speed N of the first sun gear 1 And the rotational speed N of the third sun gear 2 Is less than P, the rotation directions are positive directions, so that the rotation speed N of the output part is 6 The direction of rotation of (c) is the forward direction.
As a further explanation of the present invention, in the state C, the rotation speeds N of the first carrier, the second carrier, the third ring gear, and the fourth ring gear 3 The rotation direction is reverse instead of 0, and the first driving piece and the second driving piece control the rotation speed N of the first sun gear 1 And the rotational speed N of the third sun gear 2 Is greater than P, the rotation direction is positive, and the rotation speed N of the output part is the same 6 In order to avoid a rotational speed N of said output member 6 Is arranged on the same rotational speed connecting body connected with the first planet carrier, the second planet carrier, the third gear ring and the fourth gear ring, and a one-way stopper is arranged on the same rotational speed connecting body connected with the first planet carrier, the second planet carrier, the third gear ring and the fourth gear ring and used for limiting the rotational speed N of the first planet carrier, the second planet carrier, the third gear ring and the fourth gear ring 3 Can only be in a forward direction but not in a reverse direction, so that the rotating speed N of the output part is enabled 6 The direction of turning of (1) is always positive.
As a further explanation of the invention, in state D the first and second drive control the rotational speed N of the first sun gear 1 And saidRotational speed N of the third sun gear 2 Is 1, the rotation direction is positive, so that the rotating speed N of the output part is 6 And the rotation speed N of the first sun gear 1 And the rotational speed N of the third sun gear 2 Is equal in size, the direction of rotation is positive, and the transmission ratio is 1.
As a further explanation of the invention, in the state E the first drive and the second drive control the rotational speed N of the first sun gear 1 And the rotational speed N of the third sun gear 2 Is less than 1, the rotation directions are positive directions, so that the rotating speed N of the output part is 6 Greater than the rotational speed N of the first sun gear 1 And the rotational speed N of the third sun gear 2 The direction of rotation is the forward direction.
As a further explanation of the invention, when the first driving element fails, the second driving element drives the third sun gear at a rotating speed N 2 And the rotation speed N of the first planet carrier, the second planet carrier, the third gear ring and the fourth gear ring is positive 3 The reverse rotation trend is existed, and the one-way stopper limits the reverse rotation to make the rotating speed N of the first planet carrier, the second planet carrier, the third gear ring and the fourth gear ring 3 Is 0, the rotational speed N of the output member 6 And the power of the second driving piece is output through the third planetary row and the fourth planetary row in a speed reduction and torque increase mode in the forward direction.
As a further explanation of the invention, when the second driving element fails, the first driving element drives the first sun gear at a rotating speed N 1 And the rotation speed N of the first planet carrier, the second planet carrier, the third gear ring and the fourth gear ring is positive 3 There is a tendency of reverse rotation, in which a one-way stopper limits the reverse rotation to a rotation speed N of the first carrier, the second carrier, the third ring gear and the fourth ring gear 3 Is 0, the rotational speed N of the output member 6 The power of the first driving piece is output through the first planet row, the second planet row and the fourth planet row in a speed reduction and torque increase mode in a forward direction.
The invention provides a unilateral-graded-transmission four-planet-row stepless speed change mechanism and a speed change method thereof, which change the transmission ratio between an input end and an output end by adjusting the rotating speed of a first driving piece and a second driving piece and by matching the first planet row, the second planet row, the third planet row, the fourth planet row and a one-way stopper, thereby realizing the stepless speed change of the output end. In addition, the single-side step-drive four-planet-row stepless speed change mechanism is provided with a transmission stage between the second input shaft and the transmission shaft, and the transmission stage achieves the purpose of changing the transmission ratio between the second driving piece and the third sun gear by changing the gear ratio of the transmission gear A and the transmission gear B, so that the transmission ratio provided by the transmission stage widens the power selection range of the second driving piece on the premise of achieving the same use effect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a four-planetary-row continuously variable transmission mechanism with single-side stepped transmission according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a tachometric vector diagram for a first, second, third, and fourth planetary gear set in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of a rotation speed vector for combining a first planetary row, a second planetary row, a third planetary row and a fourth planetary row according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 shows the rotational speed N of the first sun gear according to an embodiment of the present invention 1 And the rotational speed N of the third sun gear 2 When the ratio of (A) to (B) is less than P, a rotating speed vector diagram;
FIG. 5 shows the rotational speed N of the first sun gear according to an embodiment of the present invention 1 And the rotational speed N of the third sun gear 2 When the ratio of the rotation speed to the rotation speed is larger than P, the rotation speed vector diagram is obtained;
FIG. 6 shows the rotational speed N of the first sun gear according to an embodiment of the present invention 1 And the rotational speed N of the second sun gear 2 The ratio of (a) to (b) is equal to 1 and the rotation speed vector diagram is when the rotation directions are all positive;
FIG. 7 is an embodiment of the present inventionExample provides the rotating speed N of the first sun gear 1 And the rotational speed N of the second sun gear 2 The ratio of (a) to (b) is less than 1, and the rotation directions are all positive rotation speed vector diagrams;
FIG. 8 shows the rotational speed N of the first sun gear according to an embodiment of the present invention 1 The rotational speed N of the third sun gear is adjusted without change 2 A large-hour rotating speed vector diagram;
FIG. 9 shows the rotational speed N of the third sun gear according to the embodiment of the present invention 2 The rotating speed N of the first sun gear is adjusted without changing 1 A large-hour rotating speed vector diagram;
FIG. 10 is a speed vector diagram illustrating the third sun gear in forward direction when the first drive member is disabled, according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a speed vector diagram for a forward direction of rotation of the first drive member in the event of a failure of the second drive member in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 12 shows the rotational speed N of the first sun gear according to an embodiment of the present invention 1 And the rotational speed N of the third sun gear 2 Is equal to P and the steering is reversed.
Reference numerals:
1-first planet row, 101-first sun gear, 102-first planet carrier, 103-first ring gear, 2-second planet row, 201-second sun gear, 202-second planet carrier, 203-second ring gear, 3-third planet row, 301-third sun gear, 302-third planet carrier, 303-third ring gear, 4-fourth planet row, 401-fourth sun gear, 402-fourth planet carrier, 403-fourth ring gear, 5-transmission stage, 501-transmission gear a, 502-transmission gear B, 6-first input shaft, 7-second input shaft, 8-first connection shaft, 9-second connection shaft, 10-output member, 11-one-way stopper, 12-transmission shaft.
Detailed Description
Firstly, the purpose of the embodiment of the invention is explained, and the problem that the AMT has gear shifting pause and power interruption in the nature is solved; the transmission ratio range of the AMT is limited by gear setting and is applied to heavy vehicles, in order to expand the transmission ratio range, a large number of gears need to be set, the gear shifting process is slow, the operation is complex, and a large number of reasons that drivers of large vehicles do not want to step on the brake are caused; the AMT gear shifting process depends on a complex control strategy, so that the accurate gear shifting time is difficult to master, and the problems of high energy consumption and low efficiency exist; the AMT has the existing problems of complex structure, high manufacturing cost, difficult maintenance and the like, so that a four-planet-row stepless speed change mechanism with unilateral graded transmission is provided to solve the existing problems.
The following describes embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings, and first introduces specific structures of the embodiments of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, a single-side stepped transmission four-planetary-row stepless speed change mechanism comprises a first planetary row 1, a second planetary row 2, a third planetary row 3 and a fourth planetary row 4, a third sun gear 301 on the third planetary row 3 is connected with a transmission stage 5, the transmission stage 5 comprises a transmission gear a501 and a transmission gear B502, the transmission gear a501 and the transmission gear B502 are meshed through external teeth, a first ring gear 103 on the first planetary row 1 is connected with a second sun gear 201 on the second planetary row 2 through a first connecting shaft 8, a second ring gear 203 on the second planetary row 2 is connected with a third planet carrier 302 on the third planetary row 3, the third planet carrier 302 on the third planetary row 3 is connected with a fourth sun gear 201 on the fourth planetary row 4 through a second connecting shaft 9, a fourth planet carrier 402 on the fourth planetary row 4 is connected with an output member 10, the first planet carrier 102 on the first planetary row 1, the second sun gear 202 on the second planetary row 2, the third ring gear 303 on the third planetary row 3 and the fourth sun gear 4 are connected with a rotation speed drive member 401, a third sun gear 301 and a third sun gear 3, a third planet drive member 401 and a third planet carrier 11 are connected with a planetary drive shaft 10 through a third sun gear connecting shaft 10, a unidirectional connecting shaft 9, a third planetary drive shaft 3 and a third planetary drive 12, a third planetary drive shaft 3 and a third planetary drive 12 are connected with a planetary drive 12, a planetary drive unit 501 and a planetary drive unit 401, a planetary drive unit 10, a planetary drive unit 401, a planetary drive unit 12 are connected with a planetary drive unit 10, a planetary drive unit 12 is connected with a planetary drive unit 10.
Referring to fig. 1, the first planetary row 1 includes a first sun gear 101, a first carrier 102, and a first ring gear 103, the second planetary row 2 includes a second sun gear 201, a second carrier 202, and a second ring gear 203, the third planetary row 3 includes a third sun gear 301, a third carrier 302, and a third ring gear 303, and the fourth planetary row 4 includes a fourth sun gear 401, a fourth carrier 402, and a fourth ring gear 403. In practical application, the first connecting shaft 8, the second sun gear 201, the third sun gear 301, the third planet carrier 302, the second connecting shaft 9, the fourth sun gear 401, the fourth planet carrier 402, the output part 10, the transmission shaft 12 and the transmission gear a501 are all in a through hollow structure. The one-way stopper 11 is used to limit the rotational direction of the first carrier 102, the second carrier 202, the third ring gear 303, and the fourth ring gear 403.
In the following, we need to describe the speed change method of the four-planetary-row continuously variable transmission mechanism based on single-side stepped transmission by combining the specific structure of the embodiment of the present invention.
According to the basic principle of the planetary gear, if the rotating speeds of any two of the three members of the sun gear, the ring gear and the planet carrier are determined, the rotating speed of the other member is also determined, and the rotating speed relations of the members are in corresponding proportion according to the number of the sun gear teeth and the number of the ring gear teeth.
According to the basic principle of the planetary gear, the rotation speed of any two of the three members of the sun gear, the ring gear and the planet carrier is the same, and the rotation speed of the other member is also the same.
So the rotation speed of the third sun gear 301 is N 2 The gear ratio of the gear stage 5 is i and the rotational speed of the second drive element is N 2 Xi; the rotational speed of the first driving member is the same as the rotational speed of the first sun gear 101, and is set to N 1 (ii) a The rotation speeds of the first carrier 102, the second carrier 202, the third ring gear 303, and the fourth ring gear 403 are the same, and are set to N 3 (ii) a The first ring gear 103 and the second sun gear 201 have the same rotational speed, and are set to N 4 (ii) a The rotation speeds of the second ring gear 203, the third carrier 302, and the fourth sun gear 401 are the same, and are set to N 5 (ii) a The fourth carrier 402 and the output member 10 have the same rotational speed, and are set to N 6 。
A rotation speed vector diagram of the first planetary row 1, the second planetary row 2, the third planetary row 3 and the fourth planetary row 4 is obtained according to a rotation speed vector calculation method of the planetary gear, as shown in fig. 2. The length of the line segment in fig. 2 represents the magnitude of the rotation speed, the arrow direction represents the rotation speed direction, and the arrow direction is defined as a forward direction turning direction upward and a reverse direction turning direction downward.
The rotating speed vector diagrams of the first planetary row 1, the second planetary row 2, the third planetary row 3 and the fourth planetary row 4 are combined to obtain a rotating speed vector diagram shown in fig. 3.
See FIG. 3, when N is 1 、N 2 、N 3 、N 4 、N 5 And N 6 When any two values are determined, the other four values can be calculated through the proportional relation of line segments in the vector diagram. I.e. the rotational speed N of the first drive member 1 Determining the rotational speed N of the second drive element 2 Xi is determined, the rotational speed N of the output member 10 6 And is also uniquely determined. By adjusting the speed N of the first drive member 1 And the rotational speed N of the second drive member 2 X i to control the rotational speed N of the first sun gear 101 1 And the rotational speed N of the third sun gear 301 2 Control of the rotational speed N of the output member 10 can be achieved 6 Continuously stepless variation of (a).
The speed change principle of the four-planetary-row stepless speed change mechanism with single-side stepped transmission according to the embodiment of the invention is described below with reference to specific working conditions.
1. Starting condition
Referring to fig. 3, when starting, the engine is started to accelerate, and the first driving member and the second driving member control the rotation speed N of the first sun gear 101 in terms of rotation direction 1 And the rotational speed N of the third sun gear 301 2 Both in the forward direction, and controls the rotational speed N of the first sun gear 101 in terms of rotational speed 1 And the rotational speed N of the third sun gear 301 2 Is equal to P. The rotational speed N of the output member 10 6 Gradually accelerates and turns to the positive direction. Under the working condition, the power of the first driving piece and the power of the second driving piece are coupled together, and the vehicle is decelerated and torque-increased to output, so that the vehicle can accelerate to move forwards.
2. Acceleration and deceleration conditions
Referring to fig. 4, the first driving member and the second driving member are at the time of acceleration and decelerationThe steering direction of the first sun gear 101 and the third sun gear 301 is controlled to be both forward, and the rotational speed N of the first sun gear 101 is controlled to be the rotational speed 1 And the rotational speed N of the third sun gear 301 2 Is smaller than P. The first driving member and the second driving member control the rotating speed N of the first sun gear 101 1 And the rotational speed N of the third sun gear 301 2 By the magnitude of (2) and the speed of increase/decrease, the number of revolutions N of the output member 10 can be realized 6 The steering direction is the positive direction, so that the vehicle is accelerated or decelerated to run forwards.
In addition, as shown in fig. 8, the speed regulation method for acceleration and deceleration may be to maintain the rotation speed N of the first sun gear 101 through the first driving member 1 The rotational speed N of the third sun gear 301 is regulated via the second drive element without change 2 To adjust the rotational speed N of the output member 10 6 The size of (d); as shown in fig. 9, the rotational speed N of the third sun gear 301 may be maintained by the second driver 2 The rotational speed N of the first sun gear 101 is regulated via the first drive element without change 1 To adjust the rotational speed N of the output member 10 6 The size of (2). Therefore, the rotating speed N of the output part 10 is realized 6 In the process of acceleration or deceleration, the first driving part and the second driving part can be different according to respective high-efficiency working areas, and the control system controls the acceleration, deceleration and rotation speed maintenance of the first driving part and the second driving part according to the current working condition. Therefore, the first driving part and the second driving part can work in respective high-efficiency working areas for a long time, and the energy-saving effect is achieved.
3. Maximum vehicle speed condition
Referring to fig. 6, the rotation speed N of the first sun gear 101 is controlled by the first driving member and the second driving member 1 And the rotational speed N of the third sun gear 301 2 Is equal in magnitude, is in the forward direction, and reaches the maximum rotation speed, the rotation speed N of the output member 10 6 And the rotational speed N of the first sun gear 101 1 And the rotational speed N of the third sun gear 301 2 And equally, the vehicle may be set to reach the maximum vehicle speed in this state.
Referring to FIG. 7, if it is still necessary for the vehicle to reach the maximum vehicle speed stateHigh vehicle speed, the rotational speed N of the first drive member can be reduced 1 Rotational speed N of the first sun gear 101 1 And also relatively decreases, the second driving member maintains the rotating speed N of the third sun gear 301 2 The maximum speed is not changed, and the speed N of the output member 10 is set 6 The rise was continued. The maximum vehicle speed is determined by the rotational speed N of the output member 10 6 Is determined by the magnitude of (1), the rotational speed N of the output member 10 6 Can be controlled by controlling the rotating speed N of the first driving part 1 And the rotational speed N of the second drive member 2 X i is set. Therefore, only the second driving part with lower rotating speed is selected, the very high output rotating speed can be realized, and the power requirement on the driving part is further reduced.
Aiming at the starting working condition and the acceleration and deceleration working condition, a dangerous working condition needs to be considered to avoid.
Example (c): referring to fig. 5, when the rotational speed control of the first and second drivers is inaccurate or control fails, the rotational speed N of the first sun gear 101 occurs 1 And the rotational speed N of the third sun gear 301 2 Is greater than P, and the first sun gear 101 and the third sun gear 301 are both rotating in the forward direction, resulting in the rotation speed N of the output member 10 6 In order to prevent the occurrence of a serious accident in which the vehicle suddenly runs in reverse, a reverse rotation may occur, in which the rotational speed N of the first carrier 102, the second carrier 202, the third ring gear 303 and the fourth ring gear 403 is limited by providing a one-way stopper 11 on the same-rotational-speed connection body to which the first carrier 102, the second carrier 202, the third ring gear 303 and the fourth ring gear 403 are commonly connected 3 The direction of rotation of (1) can only be a forward direction, but cannot be a reverse direction. This ensures the rotational speed N of the output part 10 6 The direction of turning of (1) is always positive. Therefore, when the dangerous condition occurs, the rotation speed N of the first carrier 102, the second carrier 202, the third ring gear 303 and the fourth ring gear 403 is limited due to the one-way stopper 11 3 The rotation direction of the first sun gear 101 can only be a forward direction, but not a reverse direction, at this time, the first driving member and the second driving member are dragged by each other, and the rotation speed N of the first driving member is 1 And the rotational speed N of the third sun gear 301 2 The ratio of the sizes of the two parts is always equalAt P, the rotational speed N of the first carrier 102, the second carrier 202, the third ring gear 303 and the fourth ring gear 403 3 Equal to 0, so that the rotational speed N of the output member 10 6 The steering of (2) can only be in the forward direction, so that the vehicle does not suddenly run in reverse.
4. Working condition of backing car
Referring to fig. 12, when the vehicle is reversed, the first driving member and the second driving member are started to accelerate, the first driving member and the second driving member control the first sun gear 101 and the third sun gear 301 to be in opposite directions in terms of steering, and control the rotating speed N of the first sun gear 101 in terms of rotating speed 1 And the rotational speed N of the third sun gear 301 2 Is equal to P. The rotational speed N of the output member 10 6 Gradually accelerates and turns to the reverse direction. Under the working condition, the power of the first driving part and the power of the second driving part are coupled together, and the speed and the torque are reduced and increased to output, so that the vehicle can accelerate and move backwards.
Except for the normal working condition and the dangerous working condition, some emergency working conditions need to be dealt with, and the embodiment of the invention takes the emergency working conditions into consideration and solves the problem.
Example (c): referring to fig. 10, when the first driving member fails, the second driving member drives the third sun gear 301 at a rotation speed N 2 The rotational speed N of the first carrier 102, the second carrier 202, the third ring gear 303, and the fourth ring gear 403 in the forward direction 3 There is a tendency of reverse rotation in which the one-way stopper 11 restricts reverse rotation to rotate the first carrier 102, the second carrier 202, the third ring gear 303, and the fourth ring gear 403 at the rotational speed N 3 0, rotational speed N of the output member 10 6 The power of the second driving element is output through the third planetary row 3 and the fourth planetary row 4 in a speed reduction and torque increase mode in the forward direction, and the vehicle can continue to accelerate or decelerate to run forwards.
Referring to fig. 11, when the second driving member fails, the first driving member drives the first sun gear 101 at a rotation speed N 1 The rotational speed N of the first carrier 102, the second carrier 202, the third ring gear 303, and the fourth ring gear 403 in the forward direction 3 There is a tendency of reverse rotation in which the one-way stopper 11 restricts the reverse rotation to rotate the rotation speed N of the first carrier 102, the second carrier 202, the third ring gear 303, and the fourth ring gear 403 3 0, rotational speed N of the output member 10 6 The power of the first driving element is output through the first planet row 1, the second planet row 2 and the fourth planet row 4 in a speed-reducing and torque-increasing mode in the forward direction, and therefore the vehicle can continue to accelerate or decelerate to run forwards.
Therefore, when one driving part fails, the other driving part can still drive the vehicle to run, although the power is reduced, the vehicle can be driven to a maintenance place or a safe place by one driving part, and the reliability of the vehicle can be greatly improved.
The embodiment of the invention provides a unilateral-graded-transmission four-planet-row stepless speed change mechanism and a speed change method thereof, which have the following advantages:
1. the four-planet-row stepless speed change mechanism with the unilateral hierarchical transmission provided by the embodiment of the invention has no power interruption in the speed regulation process, runs quietly and stably, has better vehicle using experience when a user uses a vehicle, can greatly meet the requirements of customers in sense, and lays a good foundation for popularization and use of the product.
2. The four-planet-row stepless speed change mechanism with unilateral hierarchical transmission can realize that the output end has large torque from low speed to high speed, the vehicle has the capability of quick acceleration starting when driving by outputting the large torque, the large torque can climb larger gradient when climbing the vehicle, and the large torque can also meet the requirement of more people, so that the vehicle using area of the product is larger.
3. The single-side step-by-step transmission four-planet-row stepless speed change mechanism can realize stepless continuous change of output rotating speed, the driving piece at the input end can work in a high-efficiency interval for a long time, the working efficiency is improved, the effect of saving more energy can be achieved in the aspect of energy use, and more contributions can be made in the aspect of energy saving.
4. The four-planet-row stepless speed change mechanism with unilateral hierarchical transmission provided by the embodiment of the invention has the advantages that the speed regulation is simple and convenient, and the stepless continuous change of the output rotating speed can be realized only by controlling the rotating speeds of the first driving piece and the second driving piece, so that the requirement of a vehicle on a control system is reduced, the popularization and application range of the product is wider, and the popularization and the popularity of the product are ensured to a certain extent.
5. According to the embodiment of the invention, the power of the first driving part and the power of the second driving part are coupled together to drive the vehicle to run, when one driving part fails, the other driving part can still continue to drive the vehicle to run, so that when a vehicle owner uses the vehicle, even if one driving part fails, the vehicle owner can drive the vehicle by the other driving part and drive the vehicle to a maintenance place in time, the occurrence of a trailer calling event is avoided, and the vehicle using experience of the vehicle owner is better taken care of.
6. Compared with the traditional driving mode of a single driving part, the product provided by the embodiment of the invention not only can be driven by adopting the double driving parts, but also can be matched with the driving part with smaller volume and lower rotating speed, the driving part with small volume is more beneficial to the arrangement design of the driving part in the vehicle body, the aesthetic design of the appearance of the vehicle body at the later stage is more convenient, and the cost can be saved by using the smaller driving part.
7. The unilateral-stage-transmission four-planet-row stepless speed change mechanism has high transmission rate, a motor with lower power and lower rotating speed can be selected as a driving piece under the same working condition, and compared with a high-power battery, the low-power battery can better prevent the battery from overheating, and the use safety of the battery is indirectly improved through the embodiment of the invention.
8. The four-planetary-row stepless speed change mechanism adopting the unilateral stepped transmission of the embodiment of the invention adopts four-planetary-row transmission, increases the transmission ratio, further increases the torque, can be applied to heavy trucks such as trucks, muck trucks and passenger cars with larger loads, and further widens the application range of the embodiment of the invention.
9. According to the unilateral-graded-transmission four-planet-row stepless speed change mechanism, the connecting ends of the first driving piece, the second driving piece and the output part are all arranged at one end of the stepless speed change mechanism, so that power is input and output at one end of the stepless speed change mechanism, the first input shaft penetrates through the second input shaft and the second driving piece and is connected with the first driving piece, the design can greatly improve the utilization rate of space, and the whole power equipment is more reasonable in arrangement and space utilization rate.
10. The four-planet-row stepless speed change mechanism with single-side stepped transmission provided by the embodiment of the invention is provided with the transmission stage between the second input shaft and the transmission shaft, and the transmission stage achieves the purpose of changing the transmission ratio between the second driving piece and the third sun gear by changing the gear ratio of the transmission gear A and the transmission gear B, so that the transmission ratio provided by the transmission stage widens the power selection range of the second driving piece on the premise of achieving the same use effect.
The technical solutions described above only represent the preferred technical solutions of the present invention, and some possible modifications made to some parts by those skilled in the art all represent the principles of the present invention, and fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (12)
1. A single-side stepped transmission four-planet-row continuously variable transmission mechanism is characterized by comprising a first planet row (1), a second planet row (2), a third planet row (3) and a fourth planet row (4), wherein a third sun gear (301) on the third planet row (3) is connected with a transmission stage (5), the transmission stage (5) comprises a transmission gear A (501) and a transmission gear B (502), the transmission gear A (501) and the transmission gear B (502) are meshed through external teeth, a first ring gear (103) on the first planet row (1) is connected with a second sun gear (201) on the second planet row (2) through a first connecting shaft (8), a second ring gear (203) on the second planet row (2) is connected with a third planet carrier (302) on the third planet row (3), the third planet carrier (302) is connected with a fourth sun gear (401) on the fourth planet connecting shaft (4) through a second connecting shaft (9), a third planet carrier (403) on the third planet row (4) is connected with a third planet carrier (102), and a planet carrier (202) on the fourth planet row (3) is connected with a third planet carrier (102) output component (102) on the fourth planet row (3), and a third planet carrier (3) are connected with a third planet carrier (3) through a third planet carrier (3) and a third planet carrier (2) on the third planet carrier (3) and a third planet carrier (2) output ) All connect on the connector with the rotational speed, be provided with one-way stopper (11) on the connector with the rotational speed, third sun gear (301) pass through transmission shaft (12) in proper order third planet carrier (302), second connecting axle (9), fourth sun gear (401), fourth planet carrier (402) with output part (10) with drive gear A (501) are connected, drive gear B (502) are connected with the second driving piece through second input shaft (7), first sun gear (101) on first planet row (1) pass through first input shaft (6) in proper order first connecting axle (8), second sun gear (201) third sun gear (301) transmission shaft (12) with drive gear A (501) are connected with the first driving piece.
2. The single-side stepped transmission four-planetary-row continuously variable transmission mechanism according to claim 1, wherein the first connecting shaft (8), the second sun gear (201), the third sun gear (301), the third planet carrier (302), the second connecting shaft (9), the fourth sun gear (401), the fourth planet carrier (402), the output part (10), the transmission shaft (12) and the transmission gear A (501) are all of a through hollow structure.
3. The single-sided stage four-planetary-row continuously variable transmission according to claim 2, wherein the one-way stopper (11) is used to limit the rotation direction of the first carrier (102), the second carrier (202), the third ring gear (303), and the fourth ring gear (403).
4. A speed change method of a four-planet-row stepless speed change mechanism based on unilateral stepped transmission is characterized in that a first driving piece is connected with a first sun gear (101) through a first input shaft (6), so that the rotating speed of the first driving piece is the same as that of the first sun gear (101); the second driving piece is connected with the third sun gear (301) through a second input shaft (7), a transmission stage (5) and a transmission shaft (12), so that the rotating speed of the second driving piece and the rotating speed of the third sun gear (301) are in a proportional relation according to the transmission ratio of the transmission stage (5); a first planet carrier (102), a second planet carrier (202), a third gear ring (303) and a fourth gear ring (403) are all connected to a same-rotating-speed connecting body, so that the rotating speeds of the first planet carrier (102), the second planet carrier (202), the third gear ring (303) and the fourth gear ring (403) are the same; a first gear ring (103) and a second sun gear (201) are connected through a first connecting shaft (8), so that the rotating speed of the first gear ring (103) is the same as that of the second sun gear (201); the second ring gear (203) is connected with a third planet carrier (302), and the third planet carrier (302) is connected with a fourth sun gear (401) through a second connecting shaft (9), so that the rotating speeds of the second ring gear (203), the third planet carrier (302) and the fourth sun gear (401) are the same; the fourth planet carrier (402) is connected with the output component (10) so that the rotating speed of the fourth planet carrier (402) is the same as the rotating speed of the output component (10).
5. The speed change method of a four-planetary-row continuously variable transmission mechanism based on one-sided stepped transmission according to claim 4, characterized by setting: the rotating speed of the first driving part and the rotating speed of the first sun gear (101) are N 1 (ii) a The rotating speed of the third sun gear (301) is N 2 The transmission ratio of the transmission stage (5) is i, and the rotating speed of the second driving piece is N 2 Xi, the rotational speeds of the first carrier (102), the second carrier (202), the third ring gear (303), and the fourth ring gear (403) are N 3 The rotation speed of the first ring gear (103) and the rotation speed of the second sun gear (201) are N 4 The second ring gear (203), the third planet carrier (302) and the fourth sun gear (401) have a rotational speed N 5 The fourth planet carrier (402) and the output member (10) have a rotational speed N 6 (ii) a When said N is 1 、N 2 、N 3 、N 4 、N 5 、N 6 When any two values are determined, the other four values can be calculated through the proportional relation of line segments in the vector diagram; adjusting and controlling the rotational speed N of the first sun gear (101) by driving the first and second drive elements 1 And the rotational speed N of the third sun gear (301) 2 Realizing a rotational speed N of the output member (10) 6 Wherein the first planet carrier (102), the second planet carrier (202), and the third planet carrier are continuously variable, whereinThe rotational speed N of the ring gear (303) and the fourth ring gear (403) 3 When the rotational speed is 0, the rotational speed N of the first sun gear (101) is set 1 And the rotational speed N of the third sun gear (301) 2 The ratio of (A) to (B) is P; regulating the rotational speed N of the first sun gear (101) by driving the first drive element and the second drive element 1 And the rotational speed N of the third sun gear (301) 2 The output state of the output member (10) is made to include a state A, a state B, a state C, a state D and a state E.
6. The method for shifting a four-planetary-row continuously variable transmission mechanism based on one-sided step-gear according to claim 5, wherein in the state A, the rotation speeds N of the first carrier (102), the second carrier (202), the third ring gear (303) and the fourth ring gear (403) are N 3 Is 0, the first driving part and the second driving part control the rotating speed N of the first sun gear (101) 1 And the rotational speed N of the third sun gear (301) 2 Is P, the rotation direction is positive, so that the rotation speed N of the output part (10) 6 The steering of (1) is in the forward direction, and the transmission ratio is in the maximum state.
7. The method of claim 5, wherein in state B the speed N of the first planet carrier (102), the second planet carrier (202), the third ring gear (303) and the fourth ring gear (403) is 3 The rotation direction is not 0, the rotation direction is the forward direction, and the first driving piece and the second driving piece control the rotation speed N of the first sun gear (101) 1 And the rotational speed N of the third sun gear (301) 2 Is less than P, the rotation directions are positive directions, so that the rotation speed N of the output part (10) 6 The direction of rotation of (c) is the forward direction.
8. The method for shifting a four-planetary-row continuously variable transmission mechanism based on one-sided step transmission according to claim 5, wherein in the state C, the first planet carrier (102), the second planet carrier (202), the first planet carrierThe rotational speeds N of the three ring gears (303) and the fourth ring gear (403) 3 The rotation direction is reverse instead of 0, and the first driving piece and the second driving piece control the rotation speed N of the first sun gear (101) 1 And the rotational speed N of the third sun gear (301) 2 Is greater than P, the direction of rotation is positive, the speed N of the output member (10) being at this time 6 Is reversed in order to avoid a rotational speed N of the output member (10) 6 Is arranged on the same rotational speed connecting body connected with the first planet carrier (102), the second planet carrier (202), the third ring gear (303) and the fourth ring gear (403), a one-way stopper (11) is arranged on the same rotational speed connecting body, the one-way stopper (11) limits the rotational speed N of the first planet carrier (102), the second planet carrier (202), the third ring gear (303) and the fourth ring gear (403) 3 Can only be in a forward direction but not in a reverse direction, so that the rotational speed N of the output member (10) is set 6 The steering of (c) is always positive.
9. The method of claim 5, wherein in state D the first and second drive controls the speed N of the first sun gear (101) 1 And the rotational speed N of the third sun gear (301) 2 Is 1, the rotation directions are positive directions, so that the rotating speed N of the output part (10) 6 With the rotational speed N of the first sun gear (101) 1 And the rotational speed N of the third sun gear (301) 2 Is equal in size, the direction of rotation is positive, and the transmission ratio is 1.
10. The method of claim 5, wherein in state E the first and second drive controls the speed N of the first sun gear (101) 1 And the rotational speed N of the third sun gear (301) 2 Is less than 1, the rotation directions are positive directions, so that the rotation speed N of the output part (10) 6 Greater than the rotational speed N of the first sun gear (101) 1 And the third phaseRotational speed N of the sun gear (301) 2 The direction of rotation is the forward direction.
11. The method for changing the speed of a four-planetary-row continuously variable transmission mechanism based on one-sided step transmission as claimed in claim 5, wherein when the first driving element fails, the second driving element drives the third sun gear (301) at a speed N 2 The rotational speed N of the first carrier (102), the second carrier (202), the third ring gear (303), and the fourth ring gear (403) in the forward direction 3 The reverse rotation tendency is generated when a one-way stopper (11) limits the reverse rotation, and the rotating speed N of the first planet carrier (102), the second planet carrier (202), the third ring gear (303) and the fourth ring gear (403) is enabled 3 Is 0, the rotational speed N of the output member (10) 6 The power of the second driving piece is output in a speed reducing and torque increasing mode through the third planetary row (3) and the fourth planetary row (4).
12. The method for changing the speed of a four-planetary-row continuously variable transmission mechanism based on one-sided step transmission as claimed in claim 5, wherein when the second driving element fails, the first driving element drives the first sun gear (101) at a speed N 1 The rotational speed N of the first carrier (102), the second carrier (202), the third ring gear (303), and the fourth ring gear (403) in the forward direction 3 The rotation of the planetary gear set tends to be reversed, and the one-way stopper (11) limits the reverse rotation of the planetary gear set so that the rotation speed N of the first planetary carrier (102), the second planetary carrier (202), the third ring gear (303) and the fourth ring gear (403) is equal to or higher than the rotation speed N of the planetary gear set 3 Is 0, the rotational speed N of the output member (10) 6 The power of the first driving piece is output in a speed reduction and torque increase mode through the first planet row (1), the second planet row (2) and the fourth planet row (4).
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111113103.5A CN115899203A (en) | 2021-09-23 | 2021-09-23 | Single-side graded transmission four-planet-row stepless speed change mechanism and speed change method thereof |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111113103.5A CN115899203A (en) | 2021-09-23 | 2021-09-23 | Single-side graded transmission four-planet-row stepless speed change mechanism and speed change method thereof |
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| CN115899203A true CN115899203A (en) | 2023-04-04 |
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| CN202111113103.5A Pending CN115899203A (en) | 2021-09-23 | 2021-09-23 | Single-side graded transmission four-planet-row stepless speed change mechanism and speed change method thereof |
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