CN115896632A - Corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant wheel and production method thereof - Google Patents
Corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant wheel and production method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant wheel and a production method thereof, and the corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant wheel comprises the following components: 0.55-0.75% of C, 0.20-0.50% of Si, 0.70-0.90% of Mn, 0.20-0.40% of Cr, 0.60-0.80% of Sn, 0.30-0.70% of Cu, 0.010-0.050% of Als, less than or equal to 0.012% of P, less than or equal to 0.012% of S, 50-100ppm of N and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurity elements; compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: compared with the conventional material wheel steel, the wheel prepared by the invention can obviously improve the strength and hardness level, oxidation resistance and wear resistance of the wheel, has good comprehensive performance, and has good effect on relieving the atmospheric corrosion of the wheel and the serious abrasion problem in application. Meanwhile, the wheel manufactured by the method can keep the ferrite-pearlite structure state of the original wheel without increasing the difficulty of wheel manufacturing.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of wheel production, and relates to a corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant wheel and a production method thereof, which are used for passenger-cargo train wheels with the running speed of 80-250 km/h.
Background
Due to the influence of factors such as environmental climate, the steel for the railway wheel is easy to corrode, and the assembly, maintenance and transportation safety of the vehicle can be influenced seriously. At present, the wheel is prevented from being rusted by adopting modes of paint, antirust oil and the like, the wheel needs to be cleaned before being assembled, and the protection can not be completely realized.
Due to different use conditions, the requirements of various countries on wheel products are different, rail transportation of countries such as North America and Australia including the United states is mainly based on freight transportation, and the wear resistance of the wheel is the key point of consideration, so that the carbon content of the wheel is higher, and the grade B steel and grade C steel wheels of AAR M-107 standard are selected more. The European railway mainly takes passenger transport, high speed and safety are the key points of consideration, ER8 medium carbon steel wheels produced according to EN13262 standard are mostly adopted, and the toughness index is emphasized under the condition of ensuring a certain strong hardness level, so that the crack initiation and expansion resistance of the wheels is improved, and the use safety performance of the wheels is improved. At present, the low-speed passenger cars used in China are mainly made of ER9 and CL60 materials, the truck wheels are mainly made of CL60 and CL65, the wheels are good in obdurability matching, but general in corrosion resistance and wear resistance.
The wheel is a key part of the train, and the quality of the wheel directly relates to the service safety of the train, so that in order to adapt to diversified train grades in China, multi-region application environments and improve the service performance of the wheel, the wheel with higher corrosion resistance and abrasion resistance is greatly needed to be developed so as to further adapt to the development needs of domestic passenger and freight transportation.
In the prior art, a chinese patent publication No. CN106191665A, published in 2016, 12, 7, discloses a bainitic steel wheel for high-strength, high-toughness and thermal crack-resistant rail transit and a manufacturing method thereof, the components of which are: 0.10 to 0.40 percent of carbon, 1.00 to 2.00 percent of silicon, 1.00 to 2.50 percent of manganese, 0.20 to 1.00 percent of copper, 0.0001 to 0.035 percent of boron, 0.10 to 1.00 percent of nickel, less than or equal to 0.020 percent of phosphorus, less than or equal to 0.020 percent of sulfur, and the balance of iron and inevitable residual elements; si and Ni are more than or equal to 1.50 percent and less than or equal to 3.00 percent, 1.50 percent
Not less than 3.00% of Mn, ni and Cu, and the addition of nickel has higher cost and can not meet the corrosion resistance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant wheel made of C-Sn-Cu alloy and a production method thereof.
The specific technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant wheel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.55-0.75% of C, 0.20-0.50% of Si, 0.70-0.90% of Mn, 0.20-0.40% of Cr, 0.60-0.80% of Sn, 0.30-0.70% of Cu, 0.010-0.050% of Als, less than or equal to 0.012% of P, less than or equal to 0.012% of S, 50-100ppm of N and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurity elements.
Preferably, the corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant wheel comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
0.55 to 0.75 percent of C, 0.30 to 0.40 percent of Si, 0.75 to 0.85 percent of Mn, 0.20 to 0.40 percent of Cr, 0.70 percent of Sn, 0.45 to 0.55 percent of Cu0.020 to 0.030 percent of Als, less than or equal to 0.012 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.012 percent of S, 70 to 80ppm of N, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
The corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant wheel also comprises the following components: corrosion resistance index I is more than or equal to 12.1, I =15Sn +7.5Cu +1.2Cr +122N. Each component in the formula represents that the content of each component in the corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant wheel is multiplied by 100 percent;
the corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant wheel has the outer diameter size of phi 600 mm-phi 1250mm,
the corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant wheel has the structure states of fine pearlite and a small amount of ferrite, and the grain size is more than or equal to 7.5;
the rim yield strength Rel of the corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant wheel is more than or equal to 600MPa, the tensile strength is more than or equal to 950MPa, the hardness of the position 35mm below the tread is more than or equal to 260HB, the elongation A is more than or equal to 13%, and the oxidation speed is less than or equal to 7.5g/m 2 H, the abrasion loss of the small sample in the laboratory is less than or equal to 0.28g.
The design idea of the invention is as follows:
in the aspect of wear resistance, C contributes most to strength and hardness, the strength and hardness index of the wheel can be obviously improved along with the increase of the carbon content, and the wear resistance of the wheel is improved, but the toughness and the plasticity of the wheel are reduced if the content of C is too high, so that the range of C is determined to be between 0.55 and 0.75 percent.
From the influence rule of alloy elements on the performance, in order to obtain high strength and hardness performance and high plasticity performance, composite micro-alloying is carried out; in order to improve the oxidation resistance and the plasticity of the wheel, the invention adopts Sn and Cu alloying treatment. Therefore, the invention designs the contents of Mn, cr, sn, cu and Als elements in the wheel steel.
Mn is an important strengthening element in the invention, and can effectively improve the strength and hardness performance of the wheel, thereby improving the wear resistance of the wheel, but excessively high Mn has adverse effects on the comprehensive mechanical properties and the processing performance of the wheel, so that the Mn content is controlled to be 0.70-0.90%, and is most preferably 0.75-0.85%.
Si has higher solid solubility in steel, can increase the volume fraction of ferrite in the steel, strengthen the ferrite by solid solution, refine grains and is beneficial to improving the yield strength of the material, so the mass percentage content of Si is controlled between 0.20 and 0.50 percent.
Cr is a secondary solid solution strengthening element and can effectively improve the strong hardness performance of the workpiece, thereby improving the wear resistance of the workpiece, but from the view of the influence rule of Cr on the critical cooling rate of complete pearlite, the Cr content should be controlled to be 0.20-0.40% in order to make the ferrite-pearlite structure easily available.
Al is easily combined with N element in steel to form AlN, and as pinning particles, it suppresses coarsening of austenite grains at the time of quenching and heating, and can refine grains and structure. Further, therefore, al should be controlled to 0.010% -0.050%, and more preferably 0.020% -0.030%.
Although Cu can improve the strength, wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the wheel steel, if the content is too high, the hot ductility of the steel material is affected, and the manufacturing difficulty is increased, so that Cu is controlled to be 0.30-0.70%, and more preferably 0.45-0.55%.
Sn can obviously improve the corrosion resistance of the wheel steel, can obviously inhibit the generation of an oxidation point of a starting point for generating fatigue cracks, and can improve the corrosion resistance of the wheel. If the content is too high, the hot ductility of the steel material is impaired and the production difficulty is increased, so that Sn should be controlled to 0.60 to 0.80%, more preferably 0.70%.
N can form stable nitride in a high-temperature region, the nitride has a pinning effect, and can inhibit the coarsening of austenite grains and refine a steel structure, so that the N is controlled to be 50-100ppm, and more preferably 70-80ppm.
P and S are impurity elements, so that the content thereof should be controlled to not more than 0.012%.
The invention provides a production method of a corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant wheel, which comprises the following process flows of: electric furnace smelting → LF furnace → RH furnace refining → continuous casting round billet forming → cutting → billet heating → wheel rolling → slow cooling → heat treatment → sampling inspection → machining → online detection → finished product detection → packaging and warehousing.
The heat treatment comprises the following steps:
1) Heating the blank wheel in a quenching heating furnace;
2) Water spraying and quenching;
3) And (6) tempering.
Step 1) putting the blank wheel into a quenching heating furnace for heating specifically comprises the following steps: the preheating heating temperature is 760-820 ℃, then the heating section temperature is 820-880 ℃, the final heat preservation section temperature is 840-880 ℃, and the heat preservation time of the heat preservation section is 1.0-2.0h.
In the step 1), the heating of the blank wheel in a quenching heating furnace specifically comprises the following steps: the quenching heating furnace rotates uniformly, the wheels also keep autorotation in the quenching heating furnace in the rotating process of the quenching heating furnace, the quenching heating furnace and the wheels rotate along the anticlockwise direction to ensure that the wheels are heated uniformly, the time of the wheels in the quenching heating furnace is 1.5-3.0 hours, and then the wheels are discharged and conveyed to a quenching platform for quenching through a manipulator.
The water spray quenching in the step 2) is specifically as follows: the wheel is driven by the driving head of the quenching platform to rotate, the spray nozzle sprays the heated wheel tread, and the water flow is controlled to be 28-30m 3 The water spraying time is 280-480s, so that the metal in the rim is cooled to below 550 ℃ at a cooling speed of 3-8 ℃/s.
Step 3) tempering means: controlling the tempering temperature at 480-540 ℃, keeping the temperature for more than or equal to 4h, and then taking out of the furnace and cooling to room temperature.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) On one hand, cu atoms can be enriched on the surface of the steel by redeposited particles to passivate the matrix of the wheel steel, so that the dissolution speed of the steel is reduced, the nucleation of pitting corrosion is inhibited, and the effective elements of the corrosion resistance of the steel are improved; on the other hand, sn can form compact SnO on the surface of steel 2 The corrosion product protective film has obvious effect on improving the corrosion resistance of the steel; the interaction of the two components further effectively prevents the interaction of the matrix and a corrosive medium, and inhibits the corrosion of the steel in the medium.
2) Cu can generate precipitation hardening effect in the heat treatment process, and can improve the hardenability of the steel and the electrode potential of a matrix and increase the wear resistance of the wheel steel.
3) Compared with the conventional material wheel steel, the C-Sn-Cu corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant wheel prepared by the invention increases Sn and Cu elements, adopts AlN refined crystal grains, can obviously improve the strong hardness level, the corrosion resistance and the wear resistance of the wheel by matching with the heat treatment process in the invention, has good comprehensive performance, and has good effect on relieving the atmospheric corrosion of the wheel and the serious problem of wear in application. Meanwhile, the wheel manufactured by the method can keep the ferrite-pearlite structure state of the original wheel without increasing the difficulty of wheel manufacturing.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a metallographic structure of a rim of a wheel according to example 1;
FIG. 2 is a metallographic structure of a wheel rim of comparative example 1;
FIG. 3 is a comparison of the oxidation rates of the examples and comparative examples;
FIG. 4 is a rolling friction wear specimen;
FIG. 5 shows the weight loss (sum of weight loss of upper and lower samples) of rolling samples of examples and comparative examples.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant wheel which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.55 to 0.75 percent of C, 0.20 to 0.50 percent of Si, 0.70 to 0.90 percent of Mn, 0.20 to 0.40 percent of Cr, 0.60 to 0.80 percent of Sn, 0.30 to 0.70 percent of Cu, 0.010 to 0.050 percent of Als, less than or equal to 0.012 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.012 percent of S, 50 to 100ppm of N, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurity elements.
The production method of the wheel comprises the following steps:
electric furnace smelting → LF furnace → RH furnace refining → continuous casting round billet forming → cutting → billet heating → wheel rolling → slow cooling → heat treatment → sampling inspection → machining → on-line detection → finished product detection → packaging and warehousing.
The specific heat treatment method comprises the following steps:
step 1), the preheating heating temperature is 760-820 ℃, then the heating section temperature is 820-880 ℃, the final heat preservation section temperature is 840-880 ℃, and the heat preservation time of the heat preservation section is 1.0-2.0h.
Step 2), the quenching heating furnace adopts uniform rotation, wheels also keep self-transmission in the heating furnace in the rotating process of the heating furnace, and the heating furnace and the wheels both rotate along the counterclockwise directionRotating to ensure that the wheels are uniformly heated, wherein the time of the wheels in the quenching furnace is 1.5-3.0 hours, discharging the wheels out of the furnace, and transferring the wheels to a quenching platform by a manipulator for quenching; the wheel rotates under the driving of the quenching platform driving head, the spraying nozzle sprays the heated wheel tread, and the water flow is controlled at 28-30m 3 The water spraying time is 280-480s, so that the metal in the rim is cooled to below 550 ℃ at a cooling speed of 3-8 ℃/s.
And 3) feeding the quenched wheels into a tempering furnace through a conveying roller way, controlling the temperature of the tempering furnace at 480-540 ℃, keeping the temperature for more than or equal to 4 hours, and then discharging from the furnace and cooling to room temperature.
Example 1
The corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant wheel comprises the chemical components in percentage by mass shown in Table 1, and the balance not shown in Table 1 is Fe and inevitable impurities.
The specific production method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of smelting a round billet with the diameter of 380mm by adopting a 100-ton ultrahigh-power electric arc furnace, directly continuously casting the round billet into the round billet with the diameter of 840mm after LF and RH refining vacuum degassing, and forming the round billet through continuous casting → cutting → billet heating → wheel rolling → slow cooling → heat treatment → sampling inspection → machining to form the wheel with the outer diameter of 840 mm.
The heat treatment process comprises the following steps: the preheating heating temperature is 780 ℃, then the heating section temperature is 820 ℃, the last heat preservation section temperature is 850 ℃, the total heating time is 2.5 hours, the heat preservation time of the heat preservation section is 1.5 hours, the quenching heating furnace adopts uniform rotation, the wheels also keep self-transmission in the heating furnace in the rotation process of the heating furnace, and the heating furnace and the wheels rotate along the counterclockwise direction, so that the wheels are uniformly heated; then discharging from the furnace for quenching, allowing the wheel to rotate under the drive of the driving head of the quenching platform, spraying on the heated wheel tread by the spray nozzle, and controlling water flow at 28m 3 And/min, wherein the water spraying time is 360s, and the metal in the rim is cooled to below 550 ℃ at a cooling speed of 3-8 ℃/s. And (3) feeding the quenched wheel into a tempering furnace through a conveying roller way, controlling the temperature of the tempering furnace at 520 ℃, keeping the temperature for 4.5 hours, and then discharging the wheel out of the furnace and cooling the wheel to room temperature.
Comparative example 1
Comparative example 1 the chemical composition mass percentages are shown in table 1, with the balance, not shown in table 1, being Fe and unavoidable impurities.
The specific production method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of smelting the steel by a 100-ton ultrahigh-power electric arc furnace, performing vacuum degassing through LF and RH refining, directly continuously casting the steel into round billets with the diameter of 380mm, and forming the continuously cast round billets → cutting, heating steel billets, rolling wheels, slowly cooling, heat treatment → sampling inspection → machining to form the wheels with the outer diameter of 840 mm.
The heat treatment process comprises the following steps: the preheating heating temperature is 780 ℃, then the heating section temperature is 820 ℃, the last heat preservation section temperature is 850 ℃, the total heating time is 2.5 hours, the heat preservation time of the heat preservation section is 1.5 hours, the quenching heating furnace adopts uniform rotation, the wheels also keep self-transmission in the heating furnace in the rotation process of the heating furnace, and the heating furnace and the wheels rotate along the counterclockwise direction, so that the wheels are uniformly heated; then discharging from the furnace for quenching, allowing the wheel to rotate under the drive of the driving head of the quenching platform, spraying on the heated wheel tread by the spray nozzle, and controlling water flow at 28m 3 And/min, wherein the water spraying time is 360s, and the metal in the rim is cooled to below 550 ℃ at a cooling speed of 3-8 ℃/s. And (3) feeding the quenched wheel into a tempering furnace through a conveying roller way, controlling the temperature of the tempering furnace at 520 ℃, keeping the temperature for 4.5 hours, and then discharging from the furnace and cooling to room temperature.
The wheels of example 1 and comparative example 1 were subjected to hardness and texture analysis as per the requirements of BS EN13262 "railway applications-wheel sets and bogie-wheels-product requirements", according to GB/T231.1 "metal brinell hardness test part 1: the test method carries out hardness measurement, and metallographic structure detection is carried out according to GB/T13298 metal microstructure inspection method. As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the metallographic structure of the wheel rim prepared in this example is fine pearlite + a small amount of ferrite, and the grain size of the example is significantly smaller than that of the comparative example. The mechanical properties of the wheel of this example are shown in Table 2, and the corrosion resistance, the hardness and the wear resistance are remarkably improved as compared with those of the wheel of the comparative example.
The oxidation resistance of the examples and the comparative examples was measured in accordance with GB/T13303 method for measuring the oxidation resistance of Steel, and it can be seen from FIG. 3 that the oxidation rate of the examples was significantly lower than that of the comparative examples.
The wheel wear resistance is evaluated according to a standard YB/T5345 metal material rolling contact fatigue test method, the test is carried out in a double-wheel rolling contact mode (figure 4) by adopting the same material, the test is carried out in a dry friction state until 500000 revolutions are finished, each group of samples is measured for 3 times, and the average value is taken, and the result is shown in figure 5. The wear weight loss of the wheel sample of the embodiment is obviously reduced compared with the wheel of the comparative example 1, and as shown in fig. 5, the wear resistance of the embodiment is better than that of the comparative example.
Example 2
The corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant wheel comprises the chemical components in percentage by mass shown in Table 1, and the balance not shown in Table 1 is Fe and inevitable impurities.
The specific production method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of smelting a round billet with the diameter of 380mm by adopting a 100-ton ultrahigh-power electric arc furnace, directly continuously casting the round billet into the round billet with the diameter of 920mm after LF and RH refining vacuum degassing, and forming the wheel with the outer diameter of 920mm by continuous casting round billet → cutting material → billet heating → wheel rolling → slow cooling → heat treatment → sampling inspection → machining.
The heat treatment process comprises the following steps: preheating at 800 ℃, heating at 840 ℃ in the heating section, keeping at 880 ℃ in the final heat preservation section, heating for 2.5 hours in total, keeping at 1.5 hours in the heat preservation section, uniformly rotating the quenching heating furnace, keeping self-transmission of wheels in the heating furnace during rotation of the heating furnace, rotating the heating furnace and the wheels in the counterclockwise direction, and ensuring that the wheels are uniformly heated; then discharging from the furnace for quenching, allowing the wheel to rotate under the drive of the driving head of the quenching platform, spraying on the heated wheel tread by the spray nozzle, and controlling water flow at 28m 3 And/min, wherein the water spraying time is 360s, so that the metal in the rim is cooled to below 550 ℃ at a cooling speed of 3-8 ℃/s in an accelerated manner. And (3) feeding the quenched wheel into a tempering furnace through a conveying roller way, controlling the temperature of the tempering furnace at 520 ℃, keeping the temperature for 5 hours, and then discharging the wheel out of the furnace and cooling the wheel to room temperature.
Comparative example 2
Comparative example 2 chemical composition mass percentages are shown in table 1, and the balance not shown in table 1 is Fe and inevitable impurities.
The specific production method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of smelting a round billet with the diameter of 380mm by adopting a 100-ton ultrahigh-power electric arc furnace, directly continuously casting the round billet into the round billet with the diameter of 920mm after LF and RH refining vacuum degassing, and forming the wheel with the outer diameter of 920mm by continuous casting round billet → cutting material → billet heating → wheel rolling → slow cooling → heat treatment → sampling inspection → machining.
The heat treatment process comprises the following steps: preheating at 800 ℃, heating at 840 ℃ in the heating section, keeping at 880 ℃ in the final heat preservation section, heating for 3.0 hours in total, keeping at 1.5 hours in the heat preservation section, uniformly rotating the quenching heating furnace, keeping self-transmission of wheels in the heating furnace during rotation of the heating furnace, rotating the heating furnace and the wheels in the counterclockwise direction, and ensuring that the wheels are uniformly heated; then discharging from the furnace for quenching, allowing the wheel to rotate under the drive of the driving head of the quenching platform, spraying on the heated wheel tread by the spray nozzle, and controlling water flow at 28m 3 And/min, wherein the water spraying time is 360s, so that the metal in the rim is cooled to below 550 ℃ at a cooling speed of 3-8 ℃/s in an accelerated manner. And (3) feeding the quenched wheel into a tempering furnace through a conveying roller way, controlling the temperature of the tempering furnace at 520 ℃, keeping the temperature for 5 hours, and then discharging from the furnace and cooling to room temperature.
Hardness and texture analysis were performed on example 2 and comparative example 2 as per BS EN13262 "requirements for railway applications-wheel set and bogie-wheel set-product", according to GB/T231.1 "part 1 of the metal brinell hardness test: the test method carries out hardness measurement, and metallographic structure detection is carried out according to GB/T13298 metal microstructure inspection method. Example 2 the rules of metallographic structure, grain size, tensile property and hardness of the wheel rim are the same as those of example 1, and the corrosion resistance index is shown in table 2, which shows that the corrosion resistance, the strong hardness and the wear resistance of the wheel rim are obviously improved compared with those of a comparative wheel.
The oxidation resistance of the examples and the comparative examples was measured in accordance with GB/T13303 method for measuring the oxidation resistance of Steel, and it can be seen from FIG. 3 that the oxidation rate of the examples was significantly lower than that of the comparative examples.
The wheel wear resistance is evaluated according to a standard YB/T5345 metal material rolling contact fatigue test method, the test is carried out in a double-wheel rolling contact mode (figure 4) by adopting the same material, the test is carried out in a dry friction state until 500000 revolutions are finished, each group of samples is measured for 3 times, and the average value is taken, and the result is shown in figure 5. The wear weight loss of the wheel sample of the embodiment is obviously reduced compared with the wheel of the comparative example 1, and as shown in fig. 5, the wear resistance of the embodiment is better than that of the comparative example.
Example 3
The corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant wheel comprises the chemical components in percentage by mass shown in Table 1, and the balance not shown in Table 1 is Fe and inevitable impurities.
Examples chemical composition percentages by mass are shown in table 1, and the balance not shown in table 1 is Fe and unavoidable impurities.
The specific production method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of smelting the steel by a 100-ton ultrahigh-power electric arc furnace, refining by LF and RH, vacuum degassing, directly continuously casting the steel into round billets with the diameter of 380mm, and forming the continuously cast round billets → cutting, heating billets, rolling wheels, slowly cooling, heat treatment → sampling inspection → machining to form the wheels with the outer diameter of 970 mm.
The heat treatment process comprises the following steps: the preheating heating temperature is 780 ℃, then the heating section temperature is 820 ℃, the final heat preservation section temperature is 850 ℃, the total heating time is 3.0 hours, the heat preservation time of the heat preservation section is 2.0 hours, the quenching heating furnace adopts uniform rotation, the wheels also keep self-transmission in the heating furnace in the rotation process of the heating furnace, and the heating furnace and the wheels rotate along the counterclockwise direction to ensure that the wheels are uniformly heated; then discharging from the furnace for quenching, allowing the wheel to rotate under the drive of the driving head of the quenching platform, spraying on the heated wheel tread by the spray nozzle, and controlling water flow at 28m 3 And/min, wherein the water spraying time is 360s, and the metal in the rim is cooled to below 550 ℃ at a cooling speed of 3-8 ℃/s. And (3) feeding the quenched wheel into a tempering furnace through a conveying roller way, controlling the temperature of the tempering furnace at 520 ℃, keeping the temperature for 5 hours, and then discharging the wheel out of the furnace and cooling the wheel to room temperature.
Comparative example 3
Comparative example 3 the chemical composition by mass ratio is shown in table 1, and the balance not shown in table 1 is Fe and inevitable impurities.
The specific production method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of smelting the steel by a 100-ton ultrahigh-power electric arc furnace, performing vacuum degassing through LF and RH refining, directly continuously casting the steel into round billets with the diameter of 380mm, and forming the continuously cast round billets → cutting, heating steel billets, rolling wheels, slowly cooling, heat treatment → sampling inspection → machining to form the wheels with the outer diameter of 840 mm.
The heat treatment process comprises the following steps: the preheating heating temperature is 780 ℃, then the heating section temperature is 820 ℃, the final heat preservation section temperature is 850 ℃, the total heating time is 3.0 hours, the heat preservation time of the heat preservation section is 2.0 hours, the quenching heating furnace adopts uniform rotation, the wheels also keep self-transmission in the heating furnace in the rotation process of the heating furnace, and the heating furnace and the wheels rotate along the counterclockwise direction to ensure that the wheels are uniformly heated; then discharging from the furnace for quenching, allowing the wheel to rotate under the drive of the driving head of the quenching platform, spraying on the heated wheel tread by the spray nozzle, and controlling water flow at 28m 3 And/min, wherein the water spraying time is 360s, and the metal in the rim is cooled to below 550 ℃ at a cooling speed of 3-8 ℃/s. And (3) feeding the quenched wheel into a tempering furnace through a conveying roller way, controlling the temperature of the tempering furnace at 520 ℃, keeping the temperature for 5 hours, and then discharging the wheel out of the furnace and cooling the wheel to room temperature.
Hardness and texture analysis were performed on example 3 and comparative example 3 as required by BS EN13262 "railway applications-wheel sets and bogie-wheels-product requirements", according to GB/T231.1 "metal brinell hardness test part 1: the test method carries out hardness measurement, and metallographic structure detection is carried out according to GB/T13298 & lt & gt Metal microstructure inspection method & gt. The metallographic structure of the wheel rim prepared in the embodiment is basically consistent with that of the wheel in the comparative example, the metallographic structure of the wheel rim is fine pearlite and a small amount of ferrite, and the grain size of the embodiment is obviously smaller than that of the comparative example. The mechanical properties of the wheels of this example are shown in table 2, and the corrosion resistance, the hardness, and the wear resistance are significantly improved as compared with those of the wheels of comparative examples.
The oxidation resistance of the examples and the comparative examples was measured in accordance with GB/T13303 method for measuring the oxidation resistance of Steel, and it can be seen from FIG. 3 that the oxidation rate of the examples was significantly lower than that of the comparative examples.
The wheel wear resistance is evaluated according to a standard YB/T5345 metallic material rolling contact fatigue test method, the test is carried out in a double-wheel rolling contact mode (figure 4) by adopting the same material, the test is carried out under a dry friction state until 500000 revolutions are finished, each group of samples is measured for 3 times, and the average value is taken, and the result is shown in figure 5. The wear weight loss of the wheel sample of the embodiment is obviously reduced compared with the wheel of the comparative example 3, and as shown in fig. 5, the wear resistance of the embodiment is better than that of the comparative example.
TABLE 1 wheel composition (N unit is ppm, remaining wt%)
TABLE 2 mechanical properties of wheel rims manufactured in examples and comparative examples
The invention obviously improves the level of strong hardness, corrosion resistance and wear resistance of the wheel and has good comprehensive performance.
Claims (10)
1. The corrosion-resistant and abrasion-resistant wheel is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass:
0.55-0.75% of C, 0.20-0.50% of Si, 0.70-0.90% of Mn, 0.20-0.40% of Cr, 0.60-0.80% of Sn0.30-0.70% of Cu, 0.010-0.050% of Als, less than or equal to 0.012% of P, less than or equal to 0.012% of S, 50-100ppm of N and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurity elements.
2. The wheel according to claim 1, comprising in mass percent:
0.55 to 0.75 percent of C, 0.30 to 0.40 percent of Si, 0.75 to 0.85 percent of Mn, 0.20 to 0.40 percent of Cr, 0.70 percent of Sn, 0.45 to 0.55 percent of Cu0.020 to 0.030 percent of Als, less than or equal to 0.012 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.012 percent of S, 70 to 80ppm of N, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
3. A wheel according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the composition of the wheel is such that: corrosion resistance index I is more than or equal to 12.1, I =15Sn +7.5Cu +1.2Cr +122N.
4. A wheel as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the wheel has a fine pearlite structure and a small amount of ferrite structure, and the grain size is 7.5 or more.
5. A method for producing a corrosion and wear resistant wheel according to any of claims 1-4, characterized in that the method comprises a heat treatment, in particular:
1) Heating the blank wheel in a quenching heating furnace;
2) Water spraying and quenching;
3) And (6) tempering.
6. The production method according to claim 5, wherein the step 1) of putting the blank wheel into a quenching heating furnace for heating is specifically as follows: the preheating heating temperature is 760-820 ℃, then the heating section temperature is 820-880 ℃, the final heat preservation section temperature is 840-880 ℃, and the heat preservation time of the heat preservation section is 1.0-2.0h.
7. The production method according to claim 5 or 6, wherein in the step 1), the blank wheel is put into a quenching heating furnace for heating, and the heating is specifically as follows: the quenching heating furnace rotates uniformly, the wheels also keep rotating in the quenching heating furnace in the rotating process of the quenching heating furnace, and the quenching heating furnace and the wheels both rotate along the anticlockwise direction.
8. The production method according to any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein in the step 1), the wheel is placed in the quenching furnace for 1.5 to 3.0 hours.
9. The production method according to claim 5, wherein the water spray quenching in the step 2) is specifically: the water flow is controlled at 28-30m 3 The water spraying time is 280-480s, so that the metal in the rim is accelerated at the cooling speed of 3-8 ℃/sCooling to below 550 ℃.
10. The production method according to claim 5, wherein the tempering of step 3) means: the tempering temperature is controlled between 480 and 540 ℃, and the heat preservation time is more than or equal to 4 hours.
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