CN115888790A - Method for preparing carbon nitride nanosheet by using microchannel - Google Patents
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 239000002135 nanosheet Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- JMANVNJQNLATNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxalonitrile Chemical compound N#CC#N JMANVNJQNLATNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000009210 therapy by ultrasound Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical group [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 27
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012456 homogeneous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002114 nanocomposite Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzyl alcohol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=CC=C1 WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 66
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 39
- HUMNYLRZRPPJDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=CC=CC=C1 HUMNYLRZRPPJDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 32
- 235000019445 benzyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 description 22
- QNGNSVIICDLXHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N para-ethylbenzaldehyde Natural products CCC1=CC=C(C=O)C=C1 QNGNSVIICDLXHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000001699 photocatalysis Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 5
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 238000007146 photocatalysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000003917 TEM image Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012295 chemical reaction liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004299 exfoliation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002060 nanoflake Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002304 perfume Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011941 photocatalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing carbon nitride nanosheets by utilizing microchannels, which comprises the following steps: (1) Placing melamine in a container, heating to a certain temperature, then carrying out heat preservation and calcination, then cooling, taking out and grinding to obtain g-C 3 N 4 A powder; (2) g-C obtained by calcination 3 N 4 Pouring the powder into an organic solvent, adding a certain proportion of alkali, and stirring under a dark condition to obtain a uniform solution; (3) Pumping the uniform solution into a micro-reaction tubeAnd (3) carrying out ultrasonic treatment on the micro-reaction tube for a period of time, collecting and separating solids, and drying to obtain the product. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages: (1) The method has the advantages of quick reaction, low cost, high safety and good operability, and the method has small reaction volume, short time and less corrosion to equipment; (2) The production method has simple process, continuous production and higher operation safety and controllability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of chemical synthesis, and particularly relates to a method for preparing carbon nitride nanosheets by utilizing a microchannel.
Background
Benzaldehyde is widely used in industrial production, especially in perfume, medicine research, food additive, intermediate of other industrial products, etc. and thus has essential application value. The factory production method, which adopts toluene to prepare chloride and then hydrolyzes in acid or alkali to obtain benzaldehyde, can generate more byproducts, thus leading to the reduction of the selectivity of the benzaldehyde.
In order to avoid the problems of energy consumption and environmental pollution caused by the existing industrial production method, the green synthesis technology of photocatalysis becomes a hot spot of current research. The photocatalytic organic synthesis is a mild, clean and efficient reaction mode, and has important significance for meeting the requirements of human materials and improving the living environment of human beings. So far, how to further develop a photocatalyst having high reactivity on the basis of ensuring high selectivity has been a major challenge in photocatalytic oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde. Generally, the photocatalytic process is divided into three steps of light absorption, charge separation and surface reaction, wherein the charge separation is a key step in the reaction, and the reaction rate can be effectively improved by accelerating the separation of electron holes to promote the reaction.
Related research reports are continuously emerging for decades, and the imagination space of people for photocatalytic materials is greatly expanded. However, there are still many difficulties in improving photocatalytic activity, recovering and reusing a catalyst, deepening understanding of a mechanism, reducing catalyst cost, and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: in order to avoid the problems of energy consumption, environmental pollution and the like caused by the conventional industrial production method of benzaldehyde, the invention provides an efficient and environment-friendly method for preparing the carbon nitride nanosheet.
The technical scheme is as follows: a method for preparing carbon nitride nanosheets by using microchannels comprises the following steps:
(1) Placing melamine in a container, heating to a certain temperature, then carrying out heat preservation and calcination, then cooling, taking out and grinding to obtain g-C 3 N 4 A powder;
(2) g-C obtained by calcination 3 N 4 Pouring the powder into an organic solvent, adding a certain proportion of alkali, and stirring under a dark condition to obtain a uniform solution;
(3) Pumping the uniform solution into a micro-reaction tube, carrying out ultrasonic treatment on the micro-reaction tube for a period of time, collecting and separating solids, and drying to obtain the nano-composite membrane.
Preferably, in the step (1), the temperature rise rate is 3-10 ℃/min; the temperature of the heat preservation calcination is 400-600 ℃, and the time is 2-6h.
Preferably, in step (2), the organic solvent is selected from isopropanol; the base is selected from sodium hydroxide.
Preferably, in step (2), g-C is present in the homogeneous solution 3 N 4 The concentration of (b) is 2-5g/L, and the concentration of alkali is 0.4-0.8g/L.
Preferably, in the step (3), the power of the ultrasound is 50-150w.
Preferably, in the step (3), the volume of the micro reaction tube is 5-10mL, and the tube diameter is 1-2mm.
Preferably, in the step (3), the flow rate of the micro reaction tube is 0.083-2min/mL, and the residence time is 5-60min.
Compared with a stripping method in a reaction bottle, the preparation method has the advantages of saving reagent dosage and reducing reaction time, and the production method has simple process, can realize continuous production, and has higher operation safety and controllability. The obtained carbon nitride nanosheet is applied to the reaction of photocatalytic benzyl alcohol oxidation, and the selectivity of benzaldehyde as a reaction product is over 95 percent; and the micro-reactor is used, and because the micro-reactor has large specific surface area, high transfer rate and very strong heat transfer and mass transfer capacities, the contact time of reactants is short and the byproducts are few.
Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) The invention has small reaction volume, short time and little corrosion to equipment, and can obtain stripped g-C in only 10-20 minutes 3 N 4 Nanosheets;
(2) With calcination of untreated g-C 3 N 4 And g-C for exfoliation in a beaker 3 N 4 Nanosheet-comparative, microchannel-prepared g-C 3 N 4 The nano-sheet photocatalysis benzyl alcohol has high oxidation efficiency, can more effectively convert benzyl alcohol into benzaldehyde, and the process is simple to operate and is green and environment-friendly.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a TEM image of catalyst 6 of example 6.
FIG. 2 is an IR chart relating to catalyst 6 in example 6.
FIG. 3 is an XPS plot for catalyst 6 as referred to in example 6.
Fig. 4 is an XRD pattern related to catalyst 6 in example 6.
Fig. 5 is an EIS diagram relating to catalyst 6 in example 6.
FIG. 6 is a graph relating to I-T of catalyst 6 in example 6.
FIG. 7 is a liquid phase spectrum of the reaction liquid in example 6.
Detailed Description
The invention will be better understood from the following examples. However, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the description of the embodiments is only for illustrating the present invention and should not be taken as limiting the invention as detailed in the claims. The experimental methods described in the following examples are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified; the reagents and materials are commercially available, unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
The method comprises the following steps: 10g of melamine is put into a container, heated to 550 ℃, kept warm for 4 hours, cooled, taken out and ground to obtain g-C 3 N 4 Powder (catalyst 1).
Step two: in a 100mL three-neck round-bottom flask, 10mg of catalyst 1 powder, 5mL of water and 2mmol of benzyl alcohol were sequentially added, and O was introduced in the dark 2 And (3) purifying the reaction environment for half an hour, turning on a xenon lamp, reacting for 8 hours, sampling and detecting, wherein the liquid phase result shows that the conversion rate of the benzyl alcohol is 55%, and the yield of the benzaldehyde is 50%.
Example 2
The method comprises the following steps: 10g of melamine is put into a container, heated to 550 ℃, kept warm for 4 hours, cooled, taken out and ground to obtain g-C 3 N 4 Powder (catalyst 1). Pouring 5g of the calcined catalyst 1 powder into 1L of isopropanol solution, adding 0.6g of sodium hydroxide, and stirring under a dark condition to obtain a uniform solution; pumping the uniform solution into a 2mm micro-reaction tube, immersing the micro-reaction tube in water, performing ultrasonic treatment for 10min, collecting and separating solids, and drying to obtain the catalyst 2.
Step two: in a 100mL three-neck round-bottom flask, 10mg of catalyst 2 powder, 5mL of water and 2mmol of benzyl alcohol are sequentially added, and O is introduced in the dark 2 And (3) the reaction environment is purified for half an hour, a xenon lamp is turned on, after 8 hours of reaction, sampling is carried out, and detection is carried out, and the liquid phase result shows that the conversion rate of the benzyl alcohol is 73 percent, and the yield of the benzaldehyde is 70 percent.
Example 3
The method comprises the following steps: 10g of melamine is put into a container, the temperature is raised to 550 ℃, then the heat preservation is carried out for 4 hours, the temperature is lowered, the melamine is taken out and ground to obtain g-C 3 N 4 Powder (catalyst 1). Pouring 5g of the calcined catalyst 1 powder into 1L of isopropanol solution, adding 0.6g of sodium hydroxide, and stirring under a dark condition to obtain a uniform solution; pumping the uniform solution into a 2mm micro-reaction tube, immersing the micro-reaction tube in water, performing ultrasonic treatment for 20min, collecting and separating solids, and drying to obtain the catalyst 3.
Step two: in a 100mL three-necked round-bottom flaskAdding 10mg of catalyst 3 powder, 5mL of water and 2mmol of benzyl alcohol in sequence, and introducing O in a dark environment 2 And (3) purifying the reaction environment for half an hour, turning on a xenon lamp, reacting for 8 hours, sampling and detecting, wherein the liquid phase result shows that the conversion rate of the benzyl alcohol is 84%, and the yield of the benzaldehyde is 79%.
Example 4
The method comprises the following steps: 10g of melamine is put into a container, heated to 550 ℃, kept warm for 4 hours, cooled, taken out and ground to obtain g-C 3 N 4 Powder (catalyst 1). Pouring 5g of the calcined catalyst 1 powder into 1L of isopropanol solution, adding 0.6g of sodium hydroxide, and stirring under a dark condition to obtain a uniform solution; pumping the uniform solution into a 2mm micro-reaction tube, immersing the micro-reaction tube in water, performing ultrasonic treatment for 30min, collecting and separating solids, and drying to obtain the catalyst 4.
Step two: in a 100mL three-neck round-bottom flask, 10mg of catalyst 4 powder, 5mL of water and 2mmol of benzyl alcohol are sequentially added, and O is introduced in the dark 2 And (3) the reaction environment is purified for half an hour, a xenon lamp is turned on, a sample is taken for detection after the reaction is carried out for 8 hours, and the liquid phase result shows that the conversion rate of the benzyl alcohol is 87% and the yield of the benzaldehyde is 85%.
Example 5
The method comprises the following steps: 10g of melamine is put into a container, heated to 550 ℃, kept warm for 4 hours, cooled, taken out and ground to obtain g-C 3 N 4 Powder (catalyst 1). Pouring 5g of the calcined catalyst 1 powder into 1L of isopropanol solution, adding 0.6g of sodium hydroxide, and stirring under a dark condition to obtain a uniform solution; pumping the uniform solution into a 2mm micro-reaction tube, immersing the micro-reaction tube in water, performing ultrasonic treatment for 60min, collecting and separating solids, and drying to obtain the catalyst 5.
Step two: in a 100mL three-neck round-bottom flask, 10mg of catalyst 5 powder, 5mL of water and 2mmol of benzyl alcohol were sequentially added, and O was introduced in the dark 2 And (3) the reaction environment is purified for half an hour, a xenon lamp is turned on, a sample is taken for detection after the reaction is carried out for 8 hours, and the liquid phase result shows that the conversion rate of the benzyl alcohol is 91 percent and the yield of the benzaldehyde is 88 percent.
Example 6
The method comprises the following steps: 10g of melamine is put into a container, heated to 550 ℃, kept warm for 4 hours, cooled, taken out and ground to obtain g-C 3 N 4 Powder (catalyst 1). Pouring 5g of the calcined catalyst 1 powder into 1L of isopropanol solution, adding 0.6g of sodium hydroxide, and stirring under a dark condition to obtain a uniform solution; pumping the uniform solution into a 1mm micro-reaction tube, immersing the micro-reaction tube in water, performing ultrasonic treatment for 20min, collecting and separating solids, and drying to obtain the catalyst 6.
Step two: in a 100mL three-neck round-bottom flask, 10mg of catalyst 6 powder, 5mL of water and 2mmol of benzyl alcohol were sequentially added, and O was introduced in the dark 2 And (3) the reaction environment is purified for half an hour, a xenon lamp is turned on, after 8 hours of reaction, sampling is carried out, and detection is carried out, and the liquid phase result shows that the conversion rate of the benzyl alcohol is 90%, and the yield of the benzaldehyde is 89%.
Example 7
The method comprises the following steps: 10g of melamine is put into a container, the temperature is raised to 550 ℃, then the heat preservation is carried out for 4 hours, the temperature is lowered, the melamine is taken out and ground to obtain g-C 3 N 4 Powder (catalyst 1). Pouring 5g of the calcined catalyst 1 powder into 1L of isopropanol solution, adding 0.6g of sodium hydroxide, and stirring under a dark condition to obtain a uniform solution; pumping the uniform solution into a 1mm micro-reaction tube, immersing the micro-reaction tube in water, performing ultrasonic treatment for 15min, collecting and separating solids, and drying to obtain the catalyst 7.
Step two: in a 100mL three-neck round-bottom flask, 10mg of catalyst 7 powder, 5mL of water and 2mmol of benzyl alcohol are sequentially added, and O is introduced in the dark 2 And (3) the reaction environment is purified for half an hour, a xenon lamp is turned on, a sample is taken for detection after the reaction is carried out for 8 hours, and the liquid phase result shows that the conversion rate of the benzyl alcohol is 88 percent and the yield of the benzaldehyde is 87 percent.
Example 8
The method comprises the following steps: 10g of melamine is put into a container, heated to 550 ℃, kept warm for 4 hours, cooled, taken out and ground to obtain g-C 3 N 4 Powder (catalyst 1). Pouring 5g of the calcined catalyst 1 powder into 1L of isopropanol solution, adding 0.6g of sodium hydroxide, and stirring under a dark condition to obtain a uniform solution; pumping the uniform solution into a 1mm micro-reaction tube, and performing micro-reactionAnd immersing the reaction tube in water for ultrasonic treatment for 10min, collecting and separating solids, and drying to obtain the catalyst 8.
Step two: in a 100mL three-neck round-bottom flask, 10mg of catalyst 8 powder, 5mL of water and 2mmol of benzyl alcohol are sequentially added, and O is introduced in the dark 2 And (3) purifying the reaction environment for half an hour, turning on a xenon lamp, reacting for 8 hours, sampling and detecting, wherein the liquid phase result shows that the conversion rate of the benzyl alcohol is 85 percent, and the yield of the benzaldehyde is 83 percent.
Comparative example 1
The method comprises the following steps: none.
Step two: adding 5mL of water and 2mmol of benzyl alcohol into a 100mL three-neck round-bottom flask in sequence, and introducing O in a dark environment 2 And (3) purifying the reaction environment for half an hour, turning on a xenon lamp, reacting for 8 hours, sampling and detecting, wherein the liquid phase result shows that the conversion rate of the benzyl alcohol is 30 percent and the yield of the benzaldehyde is 22 percent.
The experimental result shows that the micro-reactor has large specific surface area, high transfer rate and strong heat and mass transfer capacity, so the reaction time is very short, the nano-flake catalyst can be obtained within about 20 minutes, the time and labor cost are greatly reduced, and the catalytic effect is equivalent to that of 2 hours in a reaction bottle.
While the invention has been described with respect to a number of specific embodiments and methods, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various modifications, additions and substitutions can be made without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention. All the components not specified in the present embodiment can be realized by the prior art.
Claims (7)
1. A method for preparing carbon nitride nanosheets by using microchannels is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Placing melamine in a container, heating to a certain temperature, carrying out heat preservation calcination, cooling, taking out and grinding to obtain g-C 3 N 4 Powder;
(2) g-C obtained by calcination 3 N 4 Pouring the powder into an organic solvent, adding a certain proportion of alkali, and stirring under a dark condition to obtain a uniform solution;
(3) Pumping the uniform solution into a micro-reaction tube, carrying out ultrasonic treatment on the micro-reaction tube for a period of time, collecting and separating solids, and drying to obtain the nano-composite membrane.
2. The method for preparing carbon nitride nanosheets using microchannels, as recited in claim 1, wherein in step (1), the temperature is increased at a rate of 3 to 10 ℃/min; the temperature of the heat preservation calcination is 400-600 ℃, and the time is 2-6h.
3. The method for preparing carbon nitride nanosheets using microchannels, as recited in claim 1, wherein in step (2), the organic solvent is selected from the group consisting of isopropanol; the base is selected from sodium hydroxide.
4. The method for preparing carbon nitride nanosheets using microchannels, as recited in claim 1, wherein in step (2), g-C is in the homogeneous solution 3 N 4 The concentration of (A) is 2-5g/L, and the concentration of alkali is 0.4-0.8g/L.
5. The method for preparing carbon nitride nanosheets with the microchannel according to claim 1, wherein in step (3), the power of the ultrasound is 50-150w.
6. The method for preparing carbon nitride nanosheets using microchannels, according to claim 1, wherein in step (3), the volume of the micro reaction tube is 5-10mL, and the tube diameter is 1-2mm.
7. A method for preparing carbon nitride nanosheets using microchannels, as defined in claim 1, wherein in step (3), the flow rate of the microreactor tube is 0.083-2min/mL and the residence time is 5-60min.
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