CN115886156A - Procambarus clarkia composite coloring feed and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Procambarus clarkia composite coloring feed and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 241000238030 Procambarus clarkii Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title description 5
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- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
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- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 240000001592 Amaranthus caudatus Species 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 235000009328 Amaranthus caudatus Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 240000002900 Arthrospira platensis Species 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 235000016425 Arthrospira platensis Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 244000000626 Daucus carota Species 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 235000002767 Daucus carota Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 240000004658 Medicago sativa Species 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 235000017587 Medicago sativa ssp. sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 235000012735 amaranth Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000004178 amaranth Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229940082787 spirulina Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 6
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- JEBFVOLFMLUKLF-IFPLVEIFSA-N Astaxanthin Natural products CC(=C/C=C/C(=C/C=C/C1=C(C)C(=O)C(O)CC1(C)C)/C)C=CC=C(/C)C=CC=C(/C)C=CC2=C(C)C(=O)C(O)CC2(C)C JEBFVOLFMLUKLF-IFPLVEIFSA-N 0.000 abstract description 13
- 235000013793 astaxanthin Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 13
- 239000001168 astaxanthin Substances 0.000 abstract description 13
- 229940022405 astaxanthin Drugs 0.000 abstract description 13
- MQZIGYBFDRPAKN-ZWAPEEGVSA-N astaxanthin Chemical compound C([C@H](O)C(=O)C=1C)C(C)(C)C=1/C=C/C(/C)=C/C=C/C(/C)=C/C=C/C=C(C)C=CC=C(C)C=CC1=C(C)C(=O)[C@@H](O)CC1(C)C MQZIGYBFDRPAKN-ZWAPEEGVSA-N 0.000 abstract description 12
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- 244000046052 Phaseolus vulgaris Species 0.000 description 1
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- FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-BOOMUCAASA-N Vitamin A Natural products OC/C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(\C)/C=C/C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-BOOMUCAASA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
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- XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia nh3 Chemical compound N.N XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 astaxanthin compound Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000037237 body shape Effects 0.000 description 1
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021466 carotenoid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004467 fishmeal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000036039 immunity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000012680 lutein Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001656 lutein Substances 0.000 description 1
- KBPHJBAIARWVSC-RGZFRNHPSA-N lutein Chemical compound C([C@H](O)CC=1C)C(C)(C)C=1\C=C\C(\C)=C\C=C\C(\C)=C\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\[C@H]1C(C)=C[C@H](O)CC1(C)C KBPHJBAIARWVSC-RGZFRNHPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960005375 lutein Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ORAKUVXRZWMARG-WZLJTJAWSA-N lutein Natural products CC(=C/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C)C=CC=C(/C)C=CC2C(=CC(O)CC2(C)C)C ORAKUVXRZWMARG-WZLJTJAWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006241 metabolic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019813 microcrystalline cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008108 microcrystalline cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940016286 microcrystalline cellulose Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910000150 monocalcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019691 monocalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000006213 oxygenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020232 peanut Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003904 phospholipids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000019612 pigmentation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004456 rapeseed meal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- KBPHJBAIARWVSC-XQIHNALSSA-N trans-lutein Natural products CC(=C/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C1=C(C)CC(O)CC1(C)C)C=CC=C(/C)C=CC2C(=CC(O)CC2(C)C)C KBPHJBAIARWVSC-XQIHNALSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019155 vitamin A Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011719 vitamin A Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940045997 vitamin a Drugs 0.000 description 1
- FJHBOVDFOQMZRV-XQIHNALSSA-N xanthophyll Natural products CC(=C/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C1=C(C)CC(O)CC1(C)C)C=CC=C(/C)C=CC2C=C(C)C(O)CC2(C)C FJHBOVDFOQMZRV-XQIHNALSSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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- Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a procambarus clarkii composite coloring feed which comprises a basic feed, wherein a coloring feed is added into the basic feed, the coloring feed accounts for 3-12% of the total weight of the feed, the coloring feed consists of yellow corn, corn protein powder, carrot powder, amaranth, spirulina, shrimp meal, dried orange peel and alfalfa meal, and can replace astaxanthin, so that the cost is saved, the addition of the coloring feed can replace the addition of astaxanthin, the breeding cost is greatly reduced, and the economic benefit is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of aquaculture, and particularly relates to a procambarus clarkia compound colored feed and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Due to the development of the artificial aquaculture industry with high density and high efficiency, the body color of the cultured aquatic products is gradually reduced due to the short breeding period, so that the body colors of the fishes, the shrimps and the crabs are lightened and grayed to different degrees, and the economic benefit for culturing the fish products is greatly reduced. The addition of coloring matter in the basic feed can improve the body color of aquatic products and improve the quality of the aquatic products to a certain extent.
The application of the colored feed in the shrimps and crabs mainly has the effects on the body color, pigmentation, oxidation resistance, growth performance, immunity performance, muscle quality and flavor of the shrimps and crabs, and in the breeding process of the procambarus clarkia, the astaxanthin is usually added into the basic feed to serve as the colored feed, can generate substances with vitamin A activity or other active ingredients in the bodies of the shrimps through a series of metabolic reactions, can well eliminate free radicals and peroxides which are harmful to cells in the bodies, has good oxidation resistance, and is a good animal health-care product which can be used for the breeding industry. But astaxanthin is expensive, which greatly increases the cost of cultivating procambarus clarkii.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention overcomes the existing defects and provides the procambarus clarkia compound coloring feed and the preparation method thereof to replace the addition of astaxanthin, thereby saving the breeding cost.
The invention is realized by the following scheme:
the procambarus clarkii composite coloring feed comprises a basic feed, wherein a coloring feed is added into the basic feed, the coloring feed accounts for 3-12% of the total weight of the feed, and the coloring feed consists of yellow corn, corn protein powder, carrot powder, amaranth, spirulina, shrimp powder, dried orange peel and alfalfa powder.
Further, the mass percentage of each component of the coloring feed is as follows: 30% of yellow corn, 20% of corn protein powder, 10% of carrot powder, 10% of amaranth, 2% of spirulina, 10% of shrimp meal, 10% of dried orange peel and 8% of alfalfa powder.
The method for preparing the composite coloring feed comprises the steps of putting the coloring feed into a grinder to be ground, enabling the ground coloring feed to pass through a screen mesh of 80 meshes and then be uniformly mixed with the basic feed, preparing the uniformly mixed feed into cylindrical particles by using a granulator, and drying the prepared granulated feed to constant weight under the condition of room temperature and light shielding to obtain the composite coloring feed.
Further, the prepared colored feed after passing through the mesh screen is mixed with the basic raw materials by a step-by-step amplification method, and atomized water is uniformly sprayed and added for 3 percent in the mixing process.
Further, the cylindrical pellet feed had a diameter of 1.5mm and a height of 4mm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the base feed is added with the coloring feed, which contains rich coloring matters such as carotenoid, lutein, astaxanthin and the like, can keep the body color and pigment deposition of the procambarus clarkia, can improve the absorption and utilization of nutrient substances in the intestinal tract of the procambarus clarkia along with the increase of the adding proportion of the composite coloring feed, and has a promotion trend for the weight increment of the procambarus clarkia. Can replace the addition of astaxanthin, thereby saving the breeding cost, and the addition of the coloring feed can replace the addition of the astaxanthin, thereby greatly reducing the breeding cost and improving the economic benefit.
Detailed Description
Comparative example
The feed of the comparative example consists of basic feed added with 60ppm of astaxanthin, and the basic feed consists of the following raw materials in parts by mass: 24 parts of flour, 18 parts of bean pulp, 14 parts of rapeseed meal, 7 parts of rice bran, 6 parts of peanut meal, 9 parts of cottonseed meal, 3.5 parts of imported fish meal, 4 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 4 parts of phospholipid oil and 2 parts of microcrystalline cellulose.
Example 1
A composite coloring feed for procambarus clarkia is prepared by adding a coloring feed into a basic feed, wherein the coloring feed accounts for 3% of the total weight of the feed, and the coloring feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30% of yellow corn, 20% of corn protein powder, 10% of carrot powder, 10% of amaranth, 2% of spirulina, 10% of shrimp meal, 10% of dried orange peel and 8% of alfalfa meal. The basal feed was the same as the comparative example.
The preparation method of the procambarus clarkia composite colored feed comprises the steps of putting the colored feed into a grinder to be ground, uniformly mixing the ground colored feed with the basic feed after passing through a screen of 80 meshes, preparing the uniformly mixed feed into cylindrical granules by using a granulator, and drying the prepared granular feed to constant weight under the condition of room temperature and light shielding to obtain the composite colored feed. Wherein, the colored feed after passing through the mesh screen is mixed with the basic raw materials by adopting a common step-by-step amplification method of mixed feed in the field, and atomized water is uniformly sprayed and added in the mixing process by 3 percent. The diameter of the cylindrical pellet feed is 1.5mm, and the height is 4mm.
Example 2
The compound colour feed for procambarus clarkia consists of basic feed and colour feed, the colour feed accounts for 6% of the total weight of the feed, and the rest is the same as the example 1.
Example 3
The compound colour feed for procambarus clarkia consists of basic feed and colour feed, the colour feed accounts for 9% of the total weight of the feed, and the rest is the same as the example 1.
Example 4
The composite coloring feed for Procambarus clarkii consists of basic feed and coloring feed, wherein the coloring feed accounts for 12 percent of the total weight of the feed, and the rest is the same as the example 1.
And (3) breeding test: comparative example and examples 1, 2, 3 and 4 all put 25 shrimps with average weight of 5.29 +/-0.86 g into a cement pond for 42d cultivation test, samples are taken for 24 hours in a fasting way to determine related indexes, and meat percentage, shape index and growth performance index are calculated to evaluate the cultivation effect. Wherein, each water pool is 1.5m long, 1m wide and 0.4m deep, and each water pool adopts a common water source to carry out water body circulation, and a micropore oxygenation ring is arranged in the water pool for 24h to improve the dissolved oxygen concentration of the aquaculture water body. Two pseudo nests with the length of 1m, the width of 0.2m and the height of 0.15m and 8 plastic pipes with the diameter of 8cm and the length of 20cm are placed in each cement pond to be used as habitats of the procambarus clarkia. In the culture process, the water temperature is controlled to be 15-25 ℃, the concentration of dissolved oxygen is kept at 7-10mg/L, the pH is kept at 7.5-8.5, the concentration of ammonia nitrogen is not higher than 0.6mg/L, the concentration of nitrite is not higher than 0.05mg/L, the concentration of sulfide is not higher than 0.05mg/L, and the hardness of the culture water body is kept at 200 +/-20 mg/L. Feeding corresponding feeds at 18. In rainy days, water is drained in time, and water is replenished in time when the water level drops. The feeding amount, the number and the weight of dead shrimps are recorded every day, and the water quality is monitored every day.
And (3) test results: by observing the appearance of the procambarus clarkii after 42 days, the procambarus clarkii of the comparative example and the four examples had bright colors and had no significant difference in appearance.
The meat percentage and body index of the procambarus clarkii cultured in the comparative example and the examples 1, 2, 3 and 4 are analyzed by One-WayANOVA in SPSS 26.0 software and are shown in the following table 1:
table 1 shows the effect of the composite coloring feed on the meat percentage and the body index of the procambarus clarkia
The meat percentage, i.e. the ratio of the body muscle mass to the body weight of the animal, in table 1 is one of the important criteria for evaluating the quality of edible aquatic animal products, such as fish and crustacean products. The liver index, namely the proportion of the animal liver to the body weight, is one of the key indexes for evaluating the physiological health of aquatic animals such as fishes and crustaceans, and the higher the liver index is, the higher the utilization rate of the fat component in the feed by the animals is, or the fat component can supply more energy in the energy supply of the organisms. The intestinal body ratio is a key mark for judging the development degree of the intestinal tract and can reflect the feeding habits of aquatic animals. The chela index, namely the proportion of chela of the shrimps and crabs to the body weight, is also one of the important indexes for reflecting the body health of the procambarus clarkia. The fullness is also one of the indexes for evaluating the body shape of the aquatic products.
As can be seen from the table 1, the meat percentage of the procambarus clarkia is slightly higher than that of the procambarus clarkia in the comparative example and the example 3, the liver index is increased and then decreased along with the increase of the adding proportion of the composite coloring feed, and the liver index reaches the maximum value in the example 2, but the groups have no significant difference; the chelate index shows a trend of gradually rising along with the increase of the adding proportion of the composite coloring feed, reaches the maximum value in the example 4, and has no significant difference among groups; the compound coloring feed has no obvious influence on the body length, the intestinal length, the fullness and the like of the procambarus clarkia. In general, the meat content and the shape of the procambarus clarkii in the examples 1, 2, 3 and 4 are equivalent to those of the comparative example.
The growth performance indexes of the procambarus clarkii cultured in the comparative example and the examples 1, 2, 3 and 4 are analyzed by using One-WayANOVA in SPSS 26.0 software and are shown in the following table 2:
TABLE 2 Effect of Compound colored feed on the growth Performance of Procambrus clarkii
As can be seen from Table 2, the shrimp body size of the comparative example is equivalent to that of each example, the weight gain rate and Specific Growth Rate (SGR) of the Procambarus clarkii gradually increase with the increase of the addition ratio of the composite colored feed, and the weight gain rate and Specific Growth Rate (SGR) of each pair of the comparative example are slightly higher than that of the comparative example, and are generally equivalent.
Therefore, the colored feed can replace astaxanthin addition, the culture effect of adding 60ppm astaxanthin can be achieved by adding 3% -6% of the astaxanthin, the cost of the newly added feed of the 60ppm astaxanthin compound feed is 1800 yuan-2000 yuan/ton, while the cost of the newly added feed of each ton of the compound feed is 300-600 yuan/ton by adding 3% -6% of the colored feed, and the culture cost can be greatly reduced.
Claims (5)
1. The composite coloring feed for procambarus clarkia comprises a basic feed and is characterized in that: and adding a coloring feed into the basic feed, wherein the coloring feed accounts for 3-12% of the total weight of the feed, and the coloring feed consists of yellow corn, corn protein powder, carrot powder, amaranth, spirulina, shrimp meal, dried orange peel and alfalfa meal.
2. The compound colored feed for procambarus clarkia according to claim 1, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight: the mass percentage of each component of the coloring feed is as follows: 30% of yellow corn, 20% of corn protein powder, 10% of carrot powder, 10% of amaranth, 2% of spirulina, 10% of shrimp meal, 10% of dried orange peel and 8% of alfalfa powder.
3. A method for preparing the composite colored feed for procambarus clarkia according to claim 2, which comprises the following steps: and (3) crushing the colored feed in a crusher, uniformly mixing the crushed colored feed with the basic feed after passing through a screen of 80 meshes, preparing the uniformly mixed feed into cylindrical granules by using a granulator, and blow-drying the prepared granulated feed to constant weight under the condition of room temperature and light shielding to obtain the composite colored feed.
4. The method for producing a composite colored feed for procambarus clarkia according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the steps of: the colored feed after passing through the mesh screen is uniformly mixed with the basic raw material, and 3 percent of atomized water is uniformly sprayed in the mixing process.
5. A method of preparing a composite coloured feed as claimed in claim 4, characterised in that: the diameter of the cylindrical pellet feed is 1.5mm, and the height of the cylindrical pellet feed is 4mm.
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|---|---|---|---|---|
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