CN115876983A - Dynamic disturbance testing machine system and method for simulating slope instability of open stope in cold region - Google Patents
Dynamic disturbance testing machine system and method for simulating slope instability of open stope in cold region Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a dynamic disturbance testing machine system and method for simulating slope instability of an open-pit stope in a cold region, belongs to the technical field of cold region engineering rock mass instability model tests, and comprises a base, a control device, a visual freeze-thaw environment box, a loading device, a rainfall humidifying device, an image acquisition device and a distributed optical fiber monitoring device. The dynamic disturbance testing machine system and the method for simulating the instability of the side slope of the open-pit stope in the cold region are used for revealing the instability process of the physical model of the side slope of the stope under the coupling action of rainfall process, freeze-thaw cycle environment and blasting seismic wave, the image acquisition device is used for acquiring the instability full time sequence images of the side slope under different disaster-causing environments, and the distributed optical fiber mechanism is embedded in the physical model of the side slope of the stope and used for acquiring the physical parameters of the side slope at different positions under different loading environments, so that a theoretical basis is provided for establishing the physical prediction model of the instability of the side slope of the open-pit stope under the mining disturbance action.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of dynamic instability model tests of engineering rock masses in cold regions, in particular to a dynamic disturbance testing machine system and method for simulating slope instability of an open stope in the cold regions.
Background
The mining of mineral resources in cold regions is mainly open-pit mining, and in the process of mining open-pit metal ores, the periodic change of temperature can induce freeze-thaw damage of rock masses, accelerate crack expansion and communication and further cause failure and destruction of mine rock mass structures. Meanwhile, stability influence factors of the mine rock mass are more complex than those of the normal temperature area due to blasting seismic wave disturbance, excavation unloading disturbance and freeze-thaw cycle of the mine rock mass. Aiming at the characteristics of low temperature, low air pressure, freeze-thaw cycle, fragile ecological environment and the like in high-altitude areas, poor mining conditions, complex disaster change mechanism of side slope environmental geological disasters and the like, a gradual instability process in the surface mine side slope mining process needs to be researched urgently, the propagation rule of the explosion seismic waves under different geological conditions is researched, and the influence of explosion vibration on the side slope stability is revealed.
The geomechanical model test becomes an important means for researching the nonlinear deformation and damage process of the high and steep slope by the characteristics of the geomechanical model test, and has important functions irreplaceable in theoretical analysis and numerical simulation for discovering new phenomena, exploring new rules, disclosing new mechanisms and verifying new theories.
When the strip mine is excavated and blasted, a rock mass in a certain range of a blasting source is impacted by strong disturbance of near-field stress waves, and the method is a typical circulating impact dynamic load. In the blasting production process of the strip mine, in the action range of the blasting stress wave, the compressed rock body expands towards the direction of the free surface, so that the rock body is subjected to the stretching action, the joint cracks of the rock body near the free surface are opened and diffused, new cracks are generated, and the cracks are mainly characterized by local collapse and block falling. Stress waves in a far zone are evolved into seismic waves, the amplitude of the seismic waves is reduced along with the increase of the distance from a detonation source, the period is prolonged, the seismic inertia force enables the original cracks, bedding and the like of the rock to expand and dislocate, the shearing resistance of the rock structural surface is reduced, the friction resistance is reduced, and the stability of the side slope is adversely affected. A model test of a rock mass under the action of seismic waves is mainly researched by adopting a reduced-scale geological model according to a similar principle, and most commonly comprises a vibration table model test, a mold blasting device, a blasting pit, a light gas gun, a separated Hopkinson pressure bar impact test and a drop hammer test. However, for the influence of the blasting vibration of the strip mine on the side slope, the seismic effect formed by the propagation of the internal stress wave of the rock mass is different from the disturbance effect of the natural far-field seismic stress wave on the rock mass, and the accuracy of the test result is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is intended to solve the above-mentioned problems.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a dynamic disturbance testing machine system for simulating the instability of a side slope of an open-air stope in a cold region, which comprises a base, a control device, a visual freeze-thaw environment box, a loading device, a rainfall humidification device, an image acquisition device and a distributed optical fiber monitoring device, wherein the distributed optical fiber monitoring device is arranged in a physical model of the side slope of the stope, the image acquisition device and the visual freeze-thaw environment box are arranged oppositely, the visual freeze-thaw environment box is arranged on the base, the physical model of the side slope of the stope is arranged in the visual freeze-thaw environment box through a model frame, a water outlet mechanism of the rainfall humidification device is arranged at the top of the visual freeze-thaw environment box, the bottom of the visual freeze-thaw environment box is connected with a water return pipe, the water return pipe is connected with a circulation mechanism of the rainfall humidification device, the circulation mechanism is arranged on the base, the loading device comprises a blasting seismic wave loading mechanism and a static loading mechanism, the static loading mechanism is arranged on the model frame and is arranged opposite to the top of the physical model of the stope for providing vertical stress, the blasting seismic wave loading mechanism is arranged on two sides of the visual freeze-thaw environment box for providing the visual freeze-thaw environment box, and the visual freeze-thaw device and the visual freeze-thaw environment box for providing the visual freeze-thaw device and the image monitoring device for controlling the freeze-thaw device.
Preferably, the visual freeze-thaw environment box comprises a box frame, a transparent side plate, a refrigerating and heating all-in-one machine and an exchange pipeline, wherein the exchange pipeline is fixed on the inner side of the box frame, the refrigerating and heating all-in-one machine is fixed at the top of the box frame, the refrigerating and heating all-in-one machine is connected with the exchange pipeline, the transparent side plate is installed on two sides of the box frame, and the refrigerating and heating all-in-one machine is electrically connected with the control device.
Preferably, a limiting mechanism is arranged in the box frame and comprises a plurality of fixing screws, limiting nuts and a rigid distributing plate, the rigid distributing plate is arranged on the fixing screws, the limiting nuts are in threaded connection with the fixing screws on two sides of the rigid distributing plate, and the rigid distributing plate is arranged opposite to the slope toe of the stope slope physical model.
Preferably, the model frame comprises a bottom plate, side plates and a top plate, the top plate is placed on the top of the physical model of the stope side slope, the side plates are vertically arranged at one end of the bottom plate, extending parts are arranged on two sides of the bottom plate, and sliding blocks are arranged at the bottom of the bottom plate and arranged on sliding rails at the bottom of the box frame.
Preferably, blasting seismic wave loading mechanism includes horizontal stress loading jar and servo actuator, servo actuator install on the base and pass tank tower one side with the rigid distribution board sets up relatively, horizontal stress loading jar is installed on the base, horizontal stress loading jar flexible end pass the tank tower the opposite side and with stope side slope physical model sets up relatively, horizontal stress loading jar and servo actuator all are connected with controlling means.
Preferably, the blasting seismic wave loading device is mainly used for simulating a stope blasting stress wave effect and is a high-frequency stress wave at a near field of an explosion source, and the dynamic load applied by the loading device is an equivalently reduced prototype seismic wave or a simplified variable-frequency amplitude circulating disturbance load, acts on the slope rock mass, and induces local rock mass deformation and damage so as to cause slope instability.
Preferably, the static loading mechanism comprises a portal frame, a gravity loading cylinder and a roller frame, the gravity loading cylinder and the roller frame are installed at the top of the portal frame, the roller frame is placed on the top plate and is arranged opposite to the gravity loading cylinder, the bottom of the portal frame is fixed on the extension portion, and the gravity loading cylinder is connected with the control device.
Preferably, the water outlet mechanism comprises a spray plate, the spray plate is arranged at the top of the box frame, and water outlet holes distributed in an array are formed in the bottom of the spray plate;
the circulating mechanism comprises a circulating pump and a water storage tank, a water supply pump is arranged in the water storage tank and connected with the spray plate through a water supply pipe, a water supply electromagnetic valve is arranged on the water supply pipe, the circulating pump is connected with the water return pipe, and the circulating pump is connected with the water storage tank.
Preferably, the image acquisition device is a high-speed camera or a video camera for recording the gradual instability process of the stope slope physical model, the acquired image is analyzed in a displacement field and a strain field through the control device, the macro-micro physical process of linkage multi-step destruction after single-step destruction is reproduced, and the image acquisition device is communicated with the control device.
Preferably, the distributed optical fiber monitoring device comprises a plurality of distributed optical fiber mechanisms, the distributed optical fiber mechanisms are arranged in each step of the stope slope physical model and used for monitoring vibration acceleration, stress, strain, temperature, humidity and pore pressure of different positions, the distributed optical fiber mechanisms comprise a plurality of optical fiber sensors which are arranged in parallel, and the distributed optical fiber mechanisms are connected with the control device through optical fiber collectors.
A test method of a dynamic disturbance test machine system based on the simulation of the instability of the side slope of the open stope in the cold region comprises the following specific steps:
step S1: manufacturing a stope side slope physical model, determining the specific geometric dimension of the stope side slope physical model with indoor shrinkage scale according to the geometric forms of the site step side slope and the combined step side slope, and establishing a correlation between the stope side slope physical model and a mine side slope prototype by taking the geometric dimension, the density and the elastic modulus as basic dimensions; determining similar materials of the stope side slope physical model according to a similar principle and original rock physical mechanical parameters through material proportion and related mechanical test parameters, and preparing a stope side slope physical model;
step S2: aiming at the prepared stope side slope physical model, shooting the stope side slope physical model, spraying low-temperature-resistant glass bead paint on the surface of the stope side slope physical model, manufacturing artificial speckles, and constructing different interested observation areas to obtain the stope side slope physical model with the speckles;
and step S3: placing a stope side slope physical model with speckles on a model frame, placing the model frame in a visual freeze-thawing environment box, and adjusting a limiting mechanism to enable a slope toe of the stope side slope physical model to be in contact with a rigid distributing plate which is in contact with a servo actuator;
and step S4: and adjusting the image acquisition device according to the test environment and the test requirements, and calibrating the adjusted image acquisition device through calibration equipment to enable the stope side slope physical model to be within the shooting range of the image acquisition device.
Step S5: spraying the stope slope physical model through a rainfall humidifying device, and simultaneously monitoring the humidity of the stope slope physical model in real time until the stope slope physical model reaches a water saturation state;
step S6: setting a freeze-thaw period, freeze-thaw cycle times and a freeze-thaw temperature, and performing a freeze-thaw test on the physical model of the stope slope;
step S7: the method comprises the steps of performing gravity loading through a static loading mechanism, performing blasting seismic wave loading on a slope toe through a blasting seismic wave loading mechanism, simultaneously performing image acquisition through an image acquisition device, performing displacement field and strain field analysis on an acquired image through a control device, reproducing a single-step damage and then linking a multi-step damage process, recording an expansion process of a strain localization zone, and dynamically reflecting a destabilization process of a combined step slope; the method comprises the steps of collecting change data of a stress field, a displacement field, a temperature field, a pore water pressure field and an acceleration field in the stope slope physical model under the action of frequent vibration through a distributed optical fiber mechanism, analyzing change rules, carrying out optical fiber imaging processing on collected physical quantities, and reflecting the physical process of collapse caused by internal structure degradation of the stope slope physical model.
Therefore, the dynamic disturbance testing machine system and method for simulating slope instability of the cold area open-air stope have the following beneficial effects:
(1) The visual freeze-thaw environment box, the loading device and the rainfall humidifying device are arranged and used for revealing the instability process of the stope side slope physical model under the coupling effect of rainfall process, freeze-thaw cycle environment and blasting seismic waves.
(2) The blasting seismic wave loading is realized by a high-frequency or ultrahigh-frequency servo motor, is used for simulating the blasting stress wave at the near field of a blasting source in a laboratory, and is uniformly applied to the toe through a rigid distribution plate.
(3) And acquiring strain field evolution images of the slope under different environment induced instability effects through an image acquisition device, so as to facilitate subsequent analysis of strain field evolution characteristics.
(4) The distributed optical fiber mechanism embedded in the stope slope physical model is used for acquiring physical quantities of different parts of a slope and providing a theoretical basis for establishing a slope instability physical prediction model under the mining disturbance action.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a dynamic disturbance testing machine system for simulating slope instability of an open-pit stope in a cold region;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the static loading mechanism of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the box frame of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a spray plate structure according to the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a distributed optical fiber mechanism according to the present invention.
Reference numerals
1. A base; 2. a control device; 21. a source of hydraulic oil; 3. a visual freeze-thaw environment box; 31. a box frame; 32. a refrigerating and heating integrated machine; 33. exchanging pipelines; 34. a slide rail; 4. blasting earthquake wave loading mechanism; 41. a horizontal stress loading cylinder; 42. a servo actuator; 5. a static loading mechanism; 51. a gantry; 52. a gravity loading cylinder; 53. a roller frame; 6. a spray plate; 7. a circulating mechanism; 71. a circulation pump; 72. a water storage tank; 8. a high-speed camera; 9. a distributed optical fiber mechanism; 10. an optical fiber collector; 11. a limiting mechanism; 111. fixing the screw rod; 112. a rigid distribution plate; 113. a limit nut; 12. a model frame; 121. a base plate; 122. a side plate; 123. a top plate; 124. an extension; 13. stope side slope physical model.
Detailed Description
Examples
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. The components of embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings or orientations or positional relationships conventionally used in the product of the present invention, and are only used for convenience of description and simplification of the description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and operate, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "disposed," "mounted," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, a dynamic disturbance testing machine system for simulating slope instability of an open-air stope in a cold region comprises a base 1, a control device 2, a visual freezing and thawing environment box 3, a loading device, a rainfall humidifying device, an image acquisition device and a distributed optical fiber monitoring device.
The control device 2 comprises a control host and a hydraulic oil source 21, wherein the control host is used for data acquisition and data analysis, the hydraulic oil source 21 is used for providing a hydraulic power source, and the part is not described in detail in the prior art. A plurality of logical grooves that set up side by side are seted up to base 1, and visual freeze thawing environment case 3 and loading device pass through logical groove and install on base 1, avoid the vibrations volume too big, lead to visual freeze thawing environment case 3 and loading device to damage.
The visible freeze-thaw environment box 3 comprises a box frame 31, transparent side plates, a refrigerating and heating integrated machine 32 and an exchange pipeline 33, wherein the exchange pipeline 33 is fixed on the inner side of the box frame 31, the refrigerating and heating integrated machine 32 is fixed on the top of the box frame 31, the refrigerating and heating integrated machine 32 is connected with the exchange pipeline 33, the transparent side plates are installed on two sides of the box frame 31, so that the change of the internal stope slope physical model 13 can be observed conveniently, image data can be acquired conveniently, and the refrigerating and heating integrated machine 32 is electrically connected with the control device 2, so that freeze-thaw cycle is realized.
The visual freeze-thaw environment box 3 is arranged on the base 1, the stope slope physical model 13 is arranged in the visual freeze-thaw environment box 3 through the model frame 12, the limiting mechanism 11 is arranged in the box frame 31, the limiting mechanism 11 comprises four fixing screws 111, limiting nuts 113 and a rigid distributing plate 112, the rigid distributing plate 112 is arranged on the fixing screws 111, the fixing screws 111 on two sides of the rigid distributing plate 112 are in threaded connection with the limiting nuts 113, and the rigid distributing plate 112 is arranged opposite to the slope toe of the stope slope physical model 13 and used for fixing the position of the stope slope physical model 13.
The model frame 12 is used for placing the stope slope physical model 13, the model frame 12 comprises a bottom plate 121, a side plate 122 and a top plate 123, the top plate 123 is placed on the top of the stope slope physical model 13, the side plate 122 is vertically arranged at one end of the bottom plate 121, extending parts 124 are arranged on two sides of the bottom plate 121, a sliding block is arranged at the bottom of the bottom plate 124, and the sliding block is arranged on a sliding rail 34 at the bottom of the box frame 31.
The distributed optical fiber monitoring device is arranged in the stope slope physical model 13 and comprises a plurality of distributed optical fiber mechanisms 9, and the distributed optical fiber mechanisms 9 are arranged in each step of the stope slope physical model 13 and used for monitoring vibration acceleration, stress, strain, temperature, humidity and pore pressure at different positions. The distributed optical fiber mechanism 9 comprises a plurality of optical fiber sensors arranged in parallel, and the distributed optical fiber mechanism 9 is connected with the control device through an optical fiber collector 10.
The top of tank tower 31 is provided with rainfall humidification device's a water mechanism, and a water mechanism is including spraying board 6, and spraying board 6 sets up at the top of tank tower 31, and the apopore that the array distributes is seted up to 6 bottoms of spraying board, guarantees to spray evenly. The bottom of visual freeze thawing environment case 3 is connected with the wet return, the wet return is connected with rainfall humidification device's circulation mechanism 7, circulation mechanism 7 includes circulating pump 71 and storage water tank 72, be provided with the working shaft in the storage water tank 72, the working shaft is connected with spray plate 6 through the delivery pipe, be provided with the water supply solenoid valve on the delivery pipe, circulating pump 71 is connected with the wet return, circulating pump 71 is connected with the storage water tank and all installs on base 1, circulating pump 71, working shaft and water supply solenoid valve all are connected with controlling means electricity, a control for spraying.
The loading device comprises a blasting seismic wave loading mechanism 4 and a static loading mechanism 5, wherein the static loading mechanism 5 is installed on a model frame 12 and is arranged opposite to the top of a stope slope physical model 13 for applying vertical stress, the static loading mechanism 5 comprises a portal frame 51, a gravity loading cylinder 52 and a roller frame 53, the gravity loading cylinder 52 and the roller frame 53 are installed on the top of the portal frame 51, the roller frame 53 is placed on a top plate 123 and is arranged opposite to the gravity loading cylinder 52, the bottom of the portal frame 51 is fixed on an extending portion 124, and the gravity loading cylinder 52 is connected with the control device 2.
The blasting seismic wave loading mechanisms 4 are arranged on two sides of the visual freeze-thaw environment box 3 and used for simulating a stope blasting stress wave effect and are high-frequency stress waves at an explosion source near field, and dynamic loads applied by the loading devices are equivalent reduced prototype seismic waves or simplified variable-frequency amplitude circulating disturbance loads and act on slope rock masses to induce local rock mass deformation and damage so as to cause slope instability. The blasting seismic wave loading mechanism 4 comprises a horizontal stress loading cylinder 41 and a servo actuator 42, wherein the servo actuator 42 is installed on a base 1 and penetrates one side of a box frame 31 to be arranged opposite to a rigid distribution plate 112, the horizontal stress loading cylinder 41 is installed on the base 1, the telescopic end of the horizontal stress loading cylinder 41 penetrates the other side of the box frame 41 to be arranged opposite to a stope slope physical model 13, the horizontal stress loading cylinder 41 and the servo actuator 42 are both connected with a control device, blasting seismic wave loading is realized by a high-frequency or ultrahigh-frequency servo motor, and the blasting seismic wave loading mechanism is used for simulating the blasting stress wave at the near field of a blasting source in a laboratory and uniformly applied to the toe through the rigid distribution plate 112.
The image acquisition device is arranged opposite to the visual freeze-thaw environment box and is a high-speed camera 8 or a video camera, the embodiment adopts high-speed addition 8 for recording the macro change of a stope side slope physical model during instability, the image acquisition device is communicated with the control device for transmitting image data to the control device, the acquired images are analyzed in a displacement field and a strain field, and the macro and micro physical process of multi-step damage is linked after single-step damage is reproduced.
A test method based on the dynamic disturbance test machine system for simulating the slope instability of the cold area open stope comprises the following specific steps:
step S1: manufacturing a stope side slope physical model, determining the specific geometric dimension of the stope side slope physical model with indoor shrinkage scale according to the geometric forms of the site step side slope and the combined step side slope, and establishing a correlation between the stope side slope physical model and a mine side slope prototype by taking the geometric dimension, the density and the elastic modulus as basic dimensions; according to the similarity principle and the original rock physical mechanical parameters, determining similar materials of the stope side slope physical model through material proportion and related mechanical test parameters, and preparing the stope side slope physical model.
Step S2: aiming at the prepared physical model of the stope side slope, shooting the physical model of the stope side slope, spraying low-temperature-resistant glass bead paint on the surface of the shot physical model of the stope side slope, manufacturing artificial speckles, and constructing different interesting observation areas.
And step S3: the stope slope physical model with the speckles is placed on a model frame, the model frame is placed in a visual freezing and thawing environment box, and a limiting mechanism is adjusted to enable a slope toe of the stope slope physical model to be in contact with a rigid distributing plate which is in contact with a servo actuator.
And step S4: the high-speed cameras are fixed on a tripod, the positions, the focal lengths and the lighting equipment of the two high-speed cameras are adjusted according to the test environment and the test requirements, and the fixed devices are calibrated by using calibration equipment, so that the physical model of the stope slope is in the shooting range of the high-speed cameras.
Step S5: spraying the stope slope physical model through the rainfall humidifying device, and simultaneously monitoring the humidity of the stope slope physical model in real time until the stope slope physical model reaches a water saturation state.
Step S6: and setting a freeze-thaw period, freeze-thaw cycle times and a freeze-thaw temperature, and performing a freeze-thaw test on the physical model of the stope slope.
Step S7: the method comprises the steps of carrying out gravity loading through a static loading mechanism, carrying out blasting seismic wave loading on a slope toe through the blasting seismic wave loading mechanism, carrying out image acquisition through an image acquisition device, carrying out displacement field and strain field analysis on an acquired image through a control device, reproducing a linkage multi-step damage process after single-step damage, recording an expansion process of a strain localization zone, and dynamically reflecting a destabilization process of a combined step slope.
The method comprises the steps of collecting change data of a stress field, a displacement field, a temperature field, a pore water pressure field and an acceleration field in a stope side slope physical model under the action of frequent vibration through a distributed optical fiber mechanism, obtaining a change rule of the interior of the stope side slope physical model under the action of frequent vibration through the change data, carrying out optical fiber imaging processing on collected physical quantities, and finely reflecting a physical process of stope side slope physical model internal structure degradation and collapse.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: modifications and equivalents may be made to the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a dynamic disturbance testing machine system of simulation cold district opencut stope slope unstability, includes base and controlling means, its characterized in that: still include visual freeze thawing environment case, loading device, rainfall humidification device, image acquisition device and distributed optical fiber monitoring devices, distributed optical fiber monitoring devices sets up in stope side slope physical model, image acquisition device with visual freeze thawing environment case sets up relatively, visual freeze thawing environment case sets up on the base, stope side slope physical model passes through the model frame setting and is in the visual freeze thawing environment case, the top of visual freeze thawing environment case is provided with rainfall humidification device's play water mechanism, the bottom of visual freeze thawing environment case is connected with the wet return, the wet return with rainfall humidification device's circulation mechanism is connected, circulation mechanism installs on the base, loading device includes blasting seismic wave loading mechanism and static loading mechanism, static loading mechanism install on the model frame and with the top of stope side slope physical model sets up relatively and is used for providing the application of perpendicular stress, blasting seismic wave loading mechanism sets up and is used for providing the vibrations wave in the both sides of visual freeze thawing environment case, visual freeze thawing environment case loading device rainfall precipitation device and image acquisition device and optical fiber monitoring devices all with distributed freeze thawing control device electricity is connected.
2. The dynamic disturbance testing machine system for simulating slope instability of an open-pit stope in a cold region according to claim 1, wherein: the visual freeze-thaw environment box comprises a box frame, transparent side plates, a refrigerating and heating all-in-one machine and an exchange pipeline, wherein the exchange pipeline is fixed on the inner side of the box frame, the refrigerating and heating all-in-one machine is fixed at the top of the box frame, the refrigerating and heating all-in-one machine is connected with the exchange pipeline, the transparent side plates are installed on two sides of the box frame, and the refrigerating and heating all-in-one machine is electrically connected with the control device.
3. The dynamic disturbance testing machine system for simulating slope instability of the open stope in the cold region according to claim 2, wherein: the box frame is internally provided with a limiting mechanism, the limiting mechanism comprises a plurality of fixing screw rods, limiting nuts and a rigid distributing plate, the rigid distributing plate is arranged on the fixing screw rods, the limiting nuts are in threaded connection on the fixing screw rods on two sides of the rigid distributing plate, and the rigid distributing plate is arranged opposite to the slope toe of the stope side slope physical model.
4. The dynamic disturbance testing machine system for simulating slope instability of the open stope in the cold region according to claim 3, wherein: the model frame comprises a bottom plate, side plates and a top plate, wherein the top plate is placed on the slope top of the stope side slope physical model, the side plates are perpendicularly arranged at one end of the bottom plate, extending parts are arranged on two sides of the bottom plate, and sliding blocks are arranged at the bottom of the bottom plate and arranged on sliding rails at the bottom of the box frame.
5. The dynamic disturbance testing machine system for simulating slope instability of the open stope in the cold region according to claim 4, wherein: the blasting seismic wave loading device is used for simulating a stope blasting stress wave effect, and is a high-frequency stress wave at a near field of an explosion source, dynamic loads applied by the loading device are equivalent reduced prototype seismic waves or simplified variable frequency amplitude circulating disturbance loads, the dynamic loads act on slope rock masses, local rock mass deformation and damage are induced, and slope instability is further caused, the blasting seismic wave loading mechanism comprises a horizontal stress loading cylinder and a servo actuator, the servo actuator is installed on a base and penetrates through one side of a box frame and is arranged opposite to a rigid distributing plate, the horizontal stress loading cylinder is installed on the base, a telescopic end of the horizontal stress loading cylinder penetrates through the other side of the box frame and is arranged opposite to a stope slope physical model, and the horizontal stress loading cylinder and the servo actuator are connected with a control device.
6. The dynamic disturbance testing machine system for simulating slope instability of the open stope in the cold region according to claim 5, wherein: the static force loading mechanism comprises a portal frame, a gravity loading cylinder and a roller frame, wherein the gravity loading cylinder and the roller frame are installed at the top of the portal frame, the roller frame is placed on a top plate and is arranged opposite to the gravity loading cylinder, the bottom of the portal frame is fixed on the extension part, and the gravity loading cylinder is connected with a control device.
7. The dynamic disturbance testing machine system for simulating slope instability of the open stope in the cold region according to claim 6, wherein: the water outlet mechanism comprises a spray plate, the spray plate is arranged at the top of the box frame, and water outlet holes distributed in an array are formed in the bottom of the spray plate;
the circulating mechanism comprises a circulating pump and a water storage tank, a water supply pump is arranged in the water storage tank and connected with the spray plate through a water supply pipe, a water supply electromagnetic valve is arranged on the water supply pipe, the circulating pump is connected with the water return pipe, and the circulating pump is connected with the water storage tank.
8. The dynamic disturbance test machine system for simulating slope instability of an open-pit stope in a cold region according to claim 7, wherein: the image acquisition device is a high-speed camera or a video camera and is used for recording the gradual instability process of the step slope, the displacement field and the strain field of the acquired image are analyzed through the control device, the macro-micro physical process of linkage multi-step damage after single-step damage is reproduced, and the image acquisition device is communicated with the control device.
9. The dynamic disturbance testing machine system for simulating slope instability of the cold-region open-pit stope according to claim 8, wherein: the distributed optical fiber monitoring device comprises a plurality of distributed optical fiber mechanisms, the distributed optical fiber mechanisms are arranged in each step of a stope slope physical model and used for monitoring vibration acceleration, stress, strain, temperature, humidity and pore pressure of different positions, the distributed optical fiber mechanisms comprise a plurality of optical fiber sensors which are arranged in parallel, and the distributed optical fiber mechanisms are connected with the control device through optical fiber collectors.
10. A test method of a dynamic disturbance testing machine system for simulating slope instability of an open-pit stope in a cold region based on any one of the claims 1 to 9, which is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
step S1: manufacturing a stope side slope physical model, determining the specific geometric dimension of the stope side slope physical model with indoor shrinkage scale according to the geometric forms of the site step side slope and the combined step side slope, and establishing a correlation between the stope side slope physical model and a mine side slope prototype by taking the geometric dimension, the density and the elastic modulus as basic dimensions; determining similar materials of a stope side slope physical model according to a similar principle and original rock physical mechanical parameters through material proportion and related mechanical test parameters, and preparing a stope side slope physical model;
step S2: aiming at the prepared stope side slope physical model, shooting the stope side slope physical model, spraying low-temperature-resistant glass bead paint on the surface of the stope side slope physical model, manufacturing artificial speckles, and constructing different interested observation areas to obtain the stope side slope physical model with the speckles;
and step S3: placing a stope side slope physical model with speckles on a model frame, placing the model frame in a visual freeze-thawing environment box, and adjusting a limiting mechanism to enable a slope toe of the stope side slope physical model to be in contact with a rigid distributing plate which is in contact with a servo actuator;
and step S4: adjusting the image acquisition device according to the test environment and the test requirements, and calibrating the adjusted image acquisition device through calibration equipment to enable the physical model of the stope side slope to be within the shooting range of the image acquisition device;
step S5: spraying the stope slope physical model through a rainfall humidifying device, and simultaneously monitoring the humidity of the stope slope physical model in real time until the stope slope physical model reaches a water saturation state;
step S6: setting a freeze-thaw period, freeze-thaw cycle times and a freeze-thaw temperature, and performing a freeze-thaw test on the physical model of the stope slope;
step S7: the method comprises the steps of performing gravity loading through a static loading mechanism, performing blasting seismic wave loading on a slope toe through a blasting seismic wave loading mechanism, simultaneously performing image acquisition through an image acquisition device, performing displacement field and strain field analysis on an acquired image through a control device, reproducing a single-step damage and then linking a multi-step damage process, recording an expansion process of a strain localization zone, and dynamically reflecting a destabilization process of a combined step slope; the method comprises the steps of collecting change data of a stress field, a displacement field, a temperature field, a pore water pressure field and an acceleration field in the stope slope physical model under the action of frequent vibration through a distributed optical fiber mechanism, analyzing change rules, carrying out optical fiber imaging processing on collected physical quantities, and reflecting the physical process of collapse caused by internal structure degradation of the stope slope physical model.
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