CN115875243A - Energy cascade utilization system for compressed gas energy storage - Google Patents
Energy cascade utilization system for compressed gas energy storage Download PDFInfo
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- CN115875243A CN115875243A CN202211248356.8A CN202211248356A CN115875243A CN 115875243 A CN115875243 A CN 115875243A CN 202211248356 A CN202211248356 A CN 202211248356A CN 115875243 A CN115875243 A CN 115875243A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/16—Mechanical energy storage, e.g. flywheels or pressurised fluids
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Abstract
The invention provides an energy cascade utilization system for energy storage of compressed gas, which comprises a plurality of first compressors, a plurality of heat exchanger groups, a second compressor, a gas storage tank, a high-temperature energy storage module and a low-temperature water return module, wherein the plurality of first compressors are sequentially connected through a pipeline, one end of the second compressor is connected with the last first compressor, and the other end of the second compressor is connected with the gas storage tank. According to the invention, by using the first compressor, the second compressor, the heat exchanger group, the high-temperature energy storage module and the low-temperature water return module, under the condition of not using a cooling tower, a step cooling method is used, namely, two sections of cooling are arranged behind the compressors, the high-temperature section is cooled by using the heat storage medium in the cooling tank, the heat of the high-temperature section is brought into the heat storage tank by the circulating heat storage medium in the cooling tank for recycling, the low-temperature section is cooled by using an external water source, and the temperature of the external water source is controlled, so that the temperature of the gas at the outlet of the compressor can be further reduced, the power consumption of the compressor can be reduced, the volume of the gas storage tank can be reduced, and the cost is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of compressed energy storage, and particularly relates to an energy cascade utilization system for compressed gas energy storage.
Background
With the great revolution of energy structure, the utilization ratio of new energy is increased, fossil energy is reduced, and carbon emission is reduced. Compressed gas energy storage has been widely studied as an important means for large-scale utilization of new energy. The conventional compressed gas energy storage system is low in circulation efficiency, a large amount of low-grade heat energy is taken away by cooling water, as shown in fig. 1, in the energy storage process, gas at normal temperature and normal pressure is compressed into high-temperature and high-pressure gas through a plurality of sections of compressors, the high-temperature and high-pressure gas is cooled into low-temperature and high-pressure working medium through a heat exchanger and stored in a gas storage tank, and compression heat is stored in a heat storage tank through high-temperature heat storage medium. In the energy release process, a high-pressure low-temperature working medium of the gas storage tank is heated by a heat exchanger to be high-temperature high-pressure gas, the high-temperature high-pressure gas enters a turbine to expand and do work, a circulating heat storage medium of the heat exchanger enters a cooling tower to be cooled, and then the circulating heat storage medium enters a cooling tank to circulate. Wherein the cooling tower takes away a large amount of low-grade heat energy, resulting in low system circulation efficiency. If a cooling tower is not used, the temperature of the heat storage medium in the cooling tank is higher, and the heat storage medium is directly used for cooling the compressor, so that the temperature of the inlet of the compressor is too high, the power consumption of the compressor is greatly increased, the circulation efficiency of the system is low, the temperature of the stored compressed gas is higher, and the gas storage cost of the same generated energy is greatly increased.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides an energy cascade utilization system for energy storage of compressed gas.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a compressed gas energy storage energy cascade utilization system comprises a plurality of first compressors, a plurality of heat exchanger groups, a second compressor, a gas storage tank, a high-temperature energy storage module and a low-temperature water return module;
the first compressors are sequentially connected through a pipeline, one end of each second compressor is connected with the last first compressor, and the other end of each second compressor is connected with the gas storage tank;
the heat exchanger group is arranged on a pipeline between two adjacent first compressors;
the heat exchanger group comprises a first heat exchanger and a second heat exchanger which are connected in sequence;
the gas storage tank is connected with a turbine set;
a second heat exchanger is arranged on a pipeline connecting the second compressor and the gas storage tank;
the high-temperature energy storage module is connected with the first heat exchanger;
the high-temperature energy storage module is connected with the turbine unit;
and the low-temperature water return module is connected with the second heat exchanger.
Preferably, the turbine set comprises a plurality of turbines and a plurality of third heat exchangers;
the turbines are connected in sequence through pipelines;
the third heat exchanger is mounted on the pipeline between adjacent turbines and/or on the pipeline connecting the turbines and the gas storage tank.
Preferably, the high temperature energy storage module comprises a cold tank and a hot tank;
the outlet end of the cold tank and the inlet end of the hot tank are connected with a plurality of heat absorption pipelines;
the inlet end of the cold tank and the outlet end of the hot tank are connected with a plurality of heat release pipelines.
Preferably, the first heat exchanger is further communicated with the heat absorption pipeline, and the third heat exchanger is further communicated with the heat release pipeline.
Preferably, the low-temperature water return module comprises a cooling pipeline, a plurality of cooling branches and a water return pipeline;
the inlet end of the cooling branch is connected with the cooling pipeline, the outlet end of the cooling branch is connected with the water return pipeline, and the middle section of the cooling branch is connected with the second heat exchanger.
Preferably, a first valve is installed on a pipeline connecting the second heat exchanger and the air storage tank;
and a second valve is arranged on a pipeline connecting the third heat exchanger with the gas storage tank.
Preferably, the outlet end of the cold tank and the outlet end of the hot tank are both provided with a booster pump.
Preferably, the energy cascade utilization system further comprises a cooling water storage module;
the cooling water storage module comprises a cooling tower and a water storage pipeline;
the middle section of the cooling pipeline is communicated with a second heat exchanger between a second compressor and a gas storage tank;
the cooling tower is communicated with one end of the cooling pipeline.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention uses the first compressor, the second compressor, the heat exchanger group, the high-temperature energy storage module and the low-temperature water return module, and uses the cascade cooling method under the condition of not using the cooling tower, namely, two sections of cooling are arranged behind the compressor, the high-temperature section is cooled by the heat storage medium in the cooling tank, the heat of the high-temperature section is brought into the heat storage tank by the circulating heat storage medium in the cooling tank for recycling, the low-temperature section is cooled by an external water source, and the temperature of the external water source is controlled, so that the temperature of the gas at the outlet of the compressor can be further reduced, the power consumption of the compressor can be reduced, the volume of the gas storage tank can be reduced, the cost is reduced, the water return of the external water source can be used by a user, the low-temperature heat is fully utilized, and the energy utilization coefficient of the whole system is improved.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 shows a schematic of a prior art compressed gas energy storage energy cascade utilization system;
FIG. 2 shows a schematic of the configuration of a compressed gas energy storage step utilization system of the present invention;
fig. 3 shows a block diagram of the chilled water storage module of a compressed gas energy storage cascade system of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a first compressor; 2. a first heat exchanger; 3. a second heat exchanger; 4. a gas storage tank; 5. a second compressor; 6. a turbine; 7. cooling the tank; 701. a heat absorption pipeline; 8. heating the tank; 801. a heat release pipeline; 9. a third heat exchanger; 10. a generator; 11. a muffler; 12. a booster pump; 13. an electric motor; 14. a filter; 15. a cooling pipeline; 1501. a cooling branch; 16. a water return pipeline; 17. a first valve; 18. a second valve; 19. a cooling tower; 20. a water storage pipeline.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
An energy cascade utilization system for compressed gas energy storage is shown in figure 2 and comprises a plurality of first compressors 1, a plurality of heat exchanger groups, a second compressor 5, a gas storage tank 4, a high-temperature energy storage module and a low-temperature water return module; wherein, a plurality of first compressors 1 connect gradually through the pipeline, and 5 one end of second compressor is connected with last first compressor 1, and the other end is connected with gas holder 4, then the heat exchanger group is installed on the pipeline between two adjacent first compressors 1, and the heat exchanger group is including the first heat exchanger 2 and the second heat exchanger 3 that connect gradually moreover, installs second heat exchanger 3 on the pipeline that second compressor 5 and gas holder 4 are connected.
It should be noted that, normal atmospheric temperature and pressure gas is behind first compressor 1 and second compressor 5, and atmospheric pressure can rise step by step, and this in-process also can be accompanied by the intensification process, and the heat exchanger group can carry out the heat transfer, gets up heat energy storage or is used for supplying hot water, and normal atmospheric temperature and pressure gas can become low temperature high pressure working medium at last and be stored in gas holder 4.
It should be noted that the pressure ratio of the last stage of the inverter compressor is small and fluctuant, the outlet temperature is small and varied, and the heat quantity of the inverter compressor only needs the second heat exchanger 3 for heat exchange and is only cooled by an external water source.
It should be further noted that, during the compression process of the first compressor 1 and the second compressor 5, the normal temperature and pressure gas is compressed at a fixed frequency in a plurality of sections, and the last section is compressed at a high temperature and pressure in a variable frequency manner, and the smaller the number of the compression sections of the first compressor 1 and the second compressor 5 is, the higher the temperature of the discharged gas is.
The gas storage tank 4 is connected with a turbine set, and low-temperature high-pressure working medium in the gas storage tank 4 is released and then passes through the turbine set to do work through expansion.
The high-temperature energy storage module is connected with the first heat exchanger 2 and is also connected with the turbine unit, and the low-temperature water return module is connected with the second heat exchanger 3.
It should be noted that the high-temperature energy storage module absorbs the heat energy of the gas in the high-temperature section, and then stores the heat energy, and when the low-temperature high-pressure working medium in the gas storage tank 4 is released, the stored heat energy is used for heating the low-temperature high-pressure working medium. The cyclic utilization is realized, the heat conducting medium used in the high-temperature energy storage module is generally oil, specifically, heat conduction oil is needed to store heat at a higher temperature, and water is used to store heat at a medium and low temperature; in addition, the low-temperature water return module mainly acts on a low-temperature section, the low-temperature section is cooled by an external water source, and the temperature of the external water source is controlled to control the temperature of gas storage, so that the volume of the gas storage tank 4 can be controlled, and the cost is controlled to a certain degree.
Further, the turbine set comprises a plurality of turbines 6 and a plurality of third heat exchangers 9, the turbines 6 are sequentially connected through pipelines, the third heat exchangers 9 are installed on the pipelines between the adjacent turbines 6 and/or on the pipelines between the turbines 6 and the air storage tank 4, and the last turbine 6 is connected with a silencer 11.
It should be noted that the low-temperature high-pressure working medium of the gas storage tank 4 is heated by the third heat exchanger 9, then enters the turbine 6 to perform expansion work, so that the gas pressure is reduced, then enters the next third heat exchanger 9 to be heated, and then enters the next turbine 6 to perform expansion work, so that the gas pressure is further reduced, and according to the process, the working medium is operated to the last turbine 6, and finally the gas is silenced and discharged through the silencer 11.
Further, the high-temperature energy storage module comprises a cold tank 7 and a hot tank 8, wherein the outlet end of the cold tank 7 and the inlet end of the hot tank 8 are connected with a plurality of heat absorption pipelines 701, in addition, the inlet end of the cold tank 7 and the outlet end of the hot tank 8 are connected with a plurality of heat release pipelines 801, the first heat exchanger 2 is further communicated with the heat absorption pipelines 701, and the third heat exchanger 9 is further communicated with the heat release pipelines 801.
It should be noted that, in the energy storage stage, the low-temperature medium in the cold tank 7 enters the heat absorption pipeline 701, then enters the first heat exchanger 2, performs heat exchange on the high-temperature and high-pressure gas, and at this time, the low-temperature medium is heated up and finally stored in the hot tank 8; in the energy releasing stage, the high-temperature medium in the hot tank 8 enters the third heat exchanger 9 through the heat releasing pipeline 801, meanwhile, the low-temperature high-pressure working medium in the gas storage tank 4 enters the third heat exchanger 9, the high-temperature medium and the low-temperature high-pressure working medium exchange heat, the high-temperature medium is changed into the low-temperature medium and then stored in the cold tank 7, and the low-temperature high-pressure working medium is changed into high-temperature high-pressure gas and enters the turbine 6 to expand and do work.
Further, the low-temperature water return module comprises a cooling pipeline 15, a plurality of cooling branches 1501 and a water return pipeline 16, wherein the inlet end of each cooling branch 1501 is connected with the cooling pipeline 15, the outlet end of each cooling branch 1501 is connected with the water return pipeline 16, and the middle section of each cooling branch is connected with the second heat exchanger 3.
It should be noted that, after heat exchange is performed by the first heat exchanger 2, the temperature of the high-temperature and high-pressure gas is greatly reduced, and then the gas enters the second heat exchanger 3, meanwhile, the cooling water in the cooling pipeline 15 enters the second heat exchanger 3, further heat exchange is performed on the gas waste heat, and then the cooling water is changed into hot water and is discharged through the water return pipeline 16 for external use.
Furthermore, a first valve 17 is installed on a pipeline connecting the second heat exchanger 3 and the air storage tank 4, and a second valve 18 is installed on a pipeline connecting the third heat exchanger 9 and the air storage tank 4.
The first valve 17 and the second valve 18 are used to control opening and closing of the air tank 4.
Further, a booster pump 12 is installed at the outlet end of the cold tank 7 and the outlet end of the hot tank 8, and the booster pump 12 is used for providing power for pumping water to the cold tank 7 and the hot tank 8.
Further, the first compressor 1 is further connected with a filter 14, and under the working condition, the external air at normal temperature and normal pressure firstly passes through the filter 14 to be subjected to impurity filtration, and then enters the first compressor 1.
In fig. 2, a motor 13 is further installed at one end of the first compressor 1 for driving the first compressor 1 to operate; in addition, a generator 10 is mounted on the turbine 6 side for generating electricity for the turbine unit.
In summary, in connection with fig. 1 and 2, fig. 1 shows the prior art, which lacks the second heat exchanger 3 in the part of the heat exchanger group compared to fig. 2, while a cooling tower 19 is added, and the external cooling water in fig. 1 exchanges heat with only one second heat exchanger 3.
In fig. 2, during the energy storage process, the outlet of the first compressor 1 is provided with a two-stage heat exchanger, the high temperature stage is cooled by the medium in the cold tank 7, and the temperature rise of the medium is stored by the hot tank 8. The low temperature section is cooled by an external water source, and the air storage temperature is controlled by controlling the temperature of the external water source, so that the volume of the air storage tank 4 can be controlled, and the cost is controlled to a certain degree. The outside water source temperature is turned down, the compressor entry temperature reduces, corresponding compressor exit temperature, 4 temperatures of gas holder, 8 temperatures of hot pot, 6 advances of turbine, the exit temperature reduces in step, and cold junction, hot junction temperature difference are nearly unchangeable in the circulation, almost do not influence energy storage system's circulation efficiency, and save traditional cooling tower 19's mechanical power consumption in the circulation, circulation efficiency improves, in addition, the turboexpansion process, the expansion section number is relevant by the compressor section number, the generating power 3MW.
As shown in fig. 3, the energy cascade utilization system further includes a cooling water storage module, wherein the cooling water storage module includes a cooling tower 19 and a water storage pipeline 20, a middle section of the water storage pipeline 20 is communicated with the second heat exchanger 3 between the second compressor 5 and the air storage tank 4, and the cooling tower 19 is communicated with one end of the water storage pipeline 20. When the low-temperature water return module is not required to work, the cooling water storage module can be opened to store hot water in the cooling tower 19.
The operation process of the energy cascade utilization system for energy storage by compressed gas of the present invention is explained below by setting the number of the first compressors 1 to 2, the number of the heat exchanger groups to 2, and the number of the turbines 6 to 2:
the main parameters of the system are shown in table 1, wherein the pressure of the gas storage tank is 10MPa, the power generation power is 3MW, the external hot return water temperature is 90 ℃, the external return water flow is 32t/h, the compression time is 7h, and the power generation time is 12h.
Table 1: energy storage system parameter table
In the energy storage process, the gas at normal temperature and normal pressure firstly passes through the filter 14 for impurity filtration, then enters the first compressor 1, the temperature and the air pressure of the gas are increased, then the low-temperature medium of the cooling tank 7 enters the first heat exchanger 2 for heat exchange, the low-temperature medium is heated to become a high-temperature medium and is stored, then the cooling water enters the second heat exchanger 3 for secondary heat exchange of the cooled gas, the cooling water becomes hot water and enters the water return pipeline 16, then the gas enters the second compressor 5, the temperature and the air pressure of the gas are increased, then the two-stage cooling process is carried out again, finally the gas enters the second compressor 5, as the compression ratio of the second compressor 5 is small and fluctuated, the outlet temperature is small and changed, the heat does not need the heat exchange of the low-temperature medium, only an external water source is used for cooling, the return water of all external water sources is used for supplying heat to users, and finally the started gas at normal temperature and normal pressure becomes a low-temperature high-pressure working medium and is stored in the gas storage tank 4.
In the energy discharging process, the low-temperature high-pressure working medium in the gas storage tank 4 is discharged and enters the third heat exchanger 9, at the moment, the high-temperature medium in the hot tank 8 is pumped out through the booster pump 12 and then enters the third heat exchanger 9, through heat exchange, the low-temperature high-pressure working medium is changed into high-temperature high-pressure gas and then enters the first turbine 6 to do work in an expansion mode, the high-temperature medium is changed into a low-temperature medium and is stored in the cold tank 7, the high-temperature high-pressure gas is cooled and depressurized after the first turbine 6 does work in an expansion mode, at the moment, the gas is heated through the second third heat exchanger 9 again in a heat exchange mode, then the gas enters the second turbine 6 to do work in an expansion mode, at last the gas is further depressurized, the temperature can also be lowered, and at last the gas is discharged from one end of the silencer 11.
Certainly, in the above process, the cooling water storage module may be opened according to needs, for example, hot water is generally not needed in summer, so the cooling water storage module may be opened, and the corresponding low-temperature water return module may be closed, specifically subject to actual needs.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The energy cascade utilization system for the energy stored in the compressed gas is characterized by comprising a plurality of first compressors (1), a plurality of heat exchanger groups, a second compressor (5), a gas storage tank (4), a high-temperature energy storage module and a low-temperature water return module;
the first compressors (1) are sequentially connected through a pipeline, one end of the second compressor (5) is connected with the last first compressor (1), and the other end of the second compressor is connected with the gas storage tank (4);
the heat exchanger group is arranged on a pipeline between two adjacent first compressors (1);
the heat exchanger group comprises a first heat exchanger (2) and a second heat exchanger (3) which are connected in sequence;
the gas storage tank (4) is connected with a turbine set;
a second heat exchanger (3) is arranged on a pipeline connecting the second compressor (5) and the air storage tank (4);
the high-temperature energy storage module is connected with the first heat exchanger (2);
the high-temperature energy storage module is connected with the turbine unit;
and the low-temperature water return module is connected with the second heat exchanger (3).
2. A compressed gas energy storage cascade utilization system according to claim 1, wherein said turbine assembly comprises a plurality of turbines (6) and a plurality of third heat exchangers (9);
the turbines (6) are connected in sequence through pipelines;
the third heat exchanger (9) is arranged on a pipeline between adjacent turbines (6) and/or on a pipeline connecting the turbines (6) and the air storage tank (4).
3. A compressed gas energy storage energy cascade system according to claim 2, characterized in that the high temperature energy storage module comprises a cold tank (7) and a hot tank (8);
the outlet end of the cold tank (7) and the inlet end of the hot tank (8) are connected with a plurality of heat absorption pipelines (701);
the inlet end of the cold tank (7) and the outlet end of the hot tank (8) are connected with a plurality of heat release pipelines (801).
4. A compressed gas energy storage energy cascade system according to claim 3, wherein the first heat exchanger (2) is further in communication with the heat absorption circuit (701) and the third heat exchanger (9) is further in communication with the heat release circuit (801).
5. The compressed gas energy storage energy cascade utilization system according to claim 1, wherein the low-temperature water return module comprises a cooling pipeline (15), a plurality of cooling branches (1501) and a water return pipeline (16);
the inlet end of the cooling branch (1501) is connected with the cooling pipeline (15), the outlet end of the cooling branch is connected with the water return pipeline (16), and the middle section of the cooling branch is connected with the second heat exchanger (3).
6. The energy cascade utilization system for storing energy by compressed gas as claimed in claim 2, wherein a first valve (17) is installed on a pipeline connecting the second heat exchanger (3) and the gas storage tank (4);
and a second valve (18) is arranged on a pipeline connecting the third heat exchanger (9) and the air storage tank (4).
7. A compressed gas energy storage step usage system according to claim 3, wherein the outlet end of the cold tank (7) and the outlet end of the hot tank (8) are both equipped with booster pumps (12).
8. The compressed gas energy storage step utilization system according to any one of claims 1-7, further comprising a chilled water storage module;
the cooling water storage module comprises a cooling tower (19) and a water storage pipeline (20);
the middle section of the water storage pipeline (20) is communicated with a second heat exchanger (3) between a second compressor (5) and a gas storage tank (4);
the cooling tower (19) is communicated with one end of the water storage pipeline (20).
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117433248A (en) * | 2023-12-21 | 2024-01-23 | 河北建投国融能源服务有限公司 | Liquid air energy storage cogeneration system and method based on compressed heat classified storage |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN117433248A (en) * | 2023-12-21 | 2024-01-23 | 河北建投国融能源服务有限公司 | Liquid air energy storage cogeneration system and method based on compressed heat classified storage |
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