CN115872393A - Method and system for preparing high-added-value carbon quantum dots by taking organic solid wastes as carbon sources - Google Patents
Method and system for preparing high-added-value carbon quantum dots by taking organic solid wastes as carbon sources Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of resources and environment, and particularly relates to a method and a system for preparing high-added-value carbon quantum dots by using organic solid wastes as carbon sources. The invention adopts a two-step method, takes complex organic solid wastes as a carbon source, and prepares carbon quantum dots with high added value through partial oxidative decomposition and hydrothermal synthesis in sequence, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps: grinding and crushing the organic solid waste, carrying out partial oxidation decomposition reaction under the action of an oxidant, and filtering and separating materials obtained by the reaction to remove solid residues to obtain carbon source filtrate; selecting and blending a heteroatom chemical auxiliary agent according to the heteroatom composition of the source micromolecular carbon source and the doping requirement of the target carbon quantum dot, mixing the heteroatom chemical auxiliary agent with carbon source filtrate, performing hydrothermal synthesis under the conditions of high temperature and high pressure, separating and purifying the obtained product, and removing waste liquid to obtain the carbon quantum dot product. The method has the advantages of high conversion rate, few byproducts, cleanness, environmental protection and high quality of carbon quantum dots, and realizes high-value recycling of organic solid wastes.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of resources and environment, and particularly relates to a method and a system for preparing high-added-value carbon quantum dots by using organic solid wastes as carbon sources.
Background
The carbon quantum dot is a zero-dimensional carbon material with a nano particle size (1-10 nm), and consists of a carbonaceous core and a surface passivation layer. The carbon quantum dots have larger specific surface area, insufficient surface phase atom coordination and more unsaturated bonds, so that the surfaces of the carbon quantum dots need to be bonded with other groups to form a surface passivation layer, and therefore, the carbon quantum dots have the advantages of rich and adjustable surface functional groups, low toxicity, good biocompatibility, wide raw material source, easiness in preparation and the like, and have good application and development potentials in the aspects of biomedical imaging, chemical analysis and detection, photoelectric device materials and the like.
The known methods for preparing carbon quantum dots include a "bottom-up" method in which small molecule precursors are polymerized to form carbon quantum dots, and a "top-down" method in which bulk carbon-based materials are crushed to form carbon quantum dots. The bottom-up method has strong process controllability, simple preparation and good carbon quantum dot performance, so the method is widely adopted, but the method needs pure chemicals as precursors and has relatively high cost; the precursor is mainly organic acid, ketone, aldehyde and alcohol with small molecular weight as a carbon source, and meanwhile, in order to strengthen the fluorescence intensity of the carbon quantum dots and enrich the physicochemical properties of the carbon quantum dots, heteroatom precursors such as oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur and the like are doped, because the conversion rate of the carbon quantum dots is generally low, a large amount of waste of raw materials is caused, the cost is increased, and a large amount of harmful byproducts are generated.
In recent years, more and more reports are made on the preparation of carbon quantum dots by using organic solid wastes as carbon sources, and the method has the advantages that the cost of raw materials is low, and the organic solid wastes carry heteroatoms such as oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur and the like, so that abundant and various doped carbon quantum dots can be synthesized. For organic solid wastes, if the organic solid wastes are synthesized by a bottom-up method, water-soluble organic matters in the solid wastes are mainly converted, and the macromolecular solid components occupying most of the organic solid wastes cannot be effectively converted due to the fact that the particle size of the macromolecular solid components is far larger than that of carbon quantum dots; however, if the "top-down" method is adopted, the macromolecular solid component can be converted into the carbon quantum dots, but the drying, carbonization, grinding and crushing are needed, and the separation and purification process is complicated and complicated. Therefore, when the carbon quantum dots are prepared by taking organic solid wastes as carbon sources, the defects of extremely low conversion rate (< 1 ‰), narrow fluorescence range (mainly green and blue fluorescence), weak fluorescence intensity, wide particle size distribution and the like exist no matter the bottom-up method or the top-down method is adopted; and when the doping atom composition of the carbon quantum dots needs to be prepared, the added corresponding precursor is greatly wasted and is difficult to be effectively converted into the final product carbon quantum dots.
The invention with publication number CN108083259A discloses a preparation method of carbon quantum dots, which takes agricultural and forestry wastes, kitchen wastes, vegetables, fruits, grains, flowers, chinese herbal medicines and the like as raw materials, and adds organic acid or strong base or weak base into the treated mixed solution after crushing, screening and uniformly mixing; and then carrying out ultrasonic treatment, hydrothermal treatment and centrifugal treatment, putting the solution obtained after centrifugation into a dialysis bag, and putting the dialysis bag into a beaker filled with distilled water for dialysis treatment to obtain the carbon quantum dots. The patent and the prior literature data or the patent which can be searched have a common problem through searching: the organic solid wastes are mixed with various precursors (chemical agents) without pretreatment or after simple pretreatment, and then the carbon quantum dots are synthesized and prepared by adopting a one-step method. As most organic matters in the organic solid waste are macromolecular compounds and are difficult to effectively convert into carbon quantum dots with smaller particle sizes, a large amount of byproducts and precursors (chemical agents) are wasted, and the byproducts are mixed with a large amount of chemical agents, so that the pollution is not reduced or increased, the secondary pollution is difficult to recycle and the secondary pollution is caused.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing carbon quantum dots based on a two-step method, in which the method realizes the controllable preparation of carbon quantum dots from complex organic solid wastes through sequential decomposition and synthesis by the two-step method, has the advantages of high conversion rate, less byproducts and high quality of carbon quantum dots, and further realizes the high-value resource utilization of the classification of organic solid wastes.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the method for preparing the carbon quantum dots based on the two-step method comprises the following steps:
i) partial oxidative decomposition: taking organic solid waste (1) as a raw material, and carrying out partial oxidation decomposition reaction (3) with an oxidant (4) to obtain an oxidation product filtrate;
II) hydrothermal synthesis: and (3) taking the oxidation product filtrate obtained in the step I) as a carbon source, adding a chemical assistant (8), uniformly mixing, and performing hydrothermal synthesis (7) under the conditions of high temperature and high pressure to obtain a carbon quantum dot product (11).
Further, the organic solid waste (1) is solid waste with the organic matter content of more than 10%, and the solid waste comprises any one or more of municipal sludge, oily sludge, waste plastics, waste tires, coal gangue, household garbage, food waste and agricultural and forestry waste.
Further, the oxidant (4) comprises air, oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, persulfate and/or potassium permanganate.
Further, the oxidative decomposition reaction (3) is an advanced oxidation method, and the advanced oxidation is wet oxidation, microwave hydrothermal oxidation, fenton oxidation and/or fenton-like oxidation.
Further, the oxidation product filtrate is a water-soluble organic matter similar to a small molecule precursor.
Organic macromolecules in the organic solid waste (1) are partially oxidized and decomposed into organic micromolecular compounds by an advanced oxidation method, and then the organic micromolecular compounds are polymerized into carbon quantum dots in a bottom-up mode, so that the generation of a large amount of byproducts and the waste of precursors (chemical agents) are avoided.
Furthermore, the partial oxidation decomposition reaction (3) means that the dosage of the oxidant (4) is lower than the chemical oxygen demand of all organic components in the completely mineralized organic solid waste (1), and the percentage is 10-90%.
Further, the chemical auxiliary agent (8) is a precursor for enriching the composition of the carbon quantum dot elements, and the precursor comprises any one or more of precursors of nitrogen elements such as ethylenediamine, cysteine, urea and ammonia water, and/or any one or more of precursors of sulfur elements such as thioglycolic acid, sodium sulfite and benzenesulfonic acid, and/or any one or more of precursors of phosphorus elements such as phosphorus pentoxide, phosphoric acid and phosphorus bromide, and/or precursors of boron elements such as boric acid, and/or any one or more of chloride, nitrate and sulfate of Mn, zn and Ag.
Further, the method specifically comprises the following steps
I) partial oxidative decomposition: taking organic solid wastes (1) as raw materials, and grinding and crushing (2) to prepare fine particle raw materials with the particle size of less than or equal to 1 mm; adding an oxidant (4) into the fine particle raw material to perform partial oxidation decomposition reaction (3) to prepare a reaction material; filtering and separating (5) the reaction materials, and removing solid residues (6) to obtain oxidation product filtrate;
II) hydrothermal synthesis: taking the oxidation product filtrate obtained in the step I) as a carbon source, adding a chemical assistant (8), uniformly mixing, and performing hydrothermal synthesis (7) under the conditions of high temperature and high pressure to obtain a reaction product; and (3) separating and purifying the reaction product (9), and discarding the waste liquid (10) to obtain a carbon quantum dot product (11).
Preferably, the particle size of the fine particle raw material is 1 mm or less.
Further, the filtration and separation (5) is a two-stage filtration method, and sequentially comprises mechanical filter pressing with the aperture of 100-1000 microns and membrane filtration with the aperture of 10-100 nanometers.
Further, the reaction temperature of the partial oxidative decomposition reaction (3) is preferably 160 ℃ to 220 ℃ or normal temperature.
Further, the reaction temperature of the hydrothermal synthesis (7) is preferably 180 ℃ to 300 ℃.
Further, the separation and purification (9) comprises filtration, dialysis, reverse osmosis, and low-temperature drying (including freeze drying).
Further, the solid residue (6) is subjected to high-temperature hydrothermal treatment to kill all pathogenic bacteria, is safe and nontoxic, and is rich in organic matters, so that the solid residue can be used as an organic fertilizer, nutrient soil, greening cultivation soil and/or green building materials for resource utilization.
The invention firstly adopts an advanced oxidation method to oxidize and decompose macromolecular organic matters in the organic solid waste into water-soluble micromolecules, simultaneously filters and removes solid residues which are difficult to oxidize and decompose, and only uses water-soluble parts for synthesizing carbon quantum dots; the oxidation is specified to be an advanced oxidation method, the oxidant is air, oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, persulfate and potassium permanganate, strong acid and strong alkali are not needed, and the dosage of the oxidant is also specified; the step I) is equivalent to decomposing organic solid wastes into water-soluble organic matters similar to micromolecular precursors under the high-grade oxidation condition by taking the organic solid wastes as carbon sources. Filtering the filtrate after oxidation treatment by a 10-100 nanometer filter membrane, selecting a chemical auxiliary agent according to the chemical composition of the filtrate, and synthesizing carbon quantum dots by a hydrothermal method; the modulation method, namely the carbon quantum dot heteroatom doping method is specified; and step II) is equivalent to synthesizing the carbon quantum dots from bottom to top under hydrothermal conditions by taking the filtrate as a carbon source.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide the carbon quantum dots prepared by the method of the first purpose, wherein the carbon quantum dots have high quality and high added value.
Further, the carbon quantum dots include, but are not limited to, nitrogen-phosphorus co-doped carbon quantum dots, nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots, and nitrogen-sulfur co-doped carbon quantum dots.
Further, the particle size of the carbon quantum dots is 3-25 nanometers.
The third object of the present invention is to provide a production system for producing the carbon quantum dots described in the second object.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a production system for producing the carbon quantum dots, wherein the production system comprises a material crushing unit, an oxidative decomposition unit, a filtering unit, a hydrothermal synthesis unit and a separation and purification unit; the material crushing unit, the oxidative decomposition unit, the filtering unit, the hydrothermal synthesis unit and the separation and purification unit are sequentially connected through an output pipeline; grinding and crushing the organic solid wastes (1) in a material crushing unit (2), then feeding the organic solid wastes into an oxidative decomposition unit, and carrying out partial oxidative decomposition reaction (3) under the action of an oxidant (4); filtering and separating the materials obtained by the reaction in a filtering unit (5), removing solid residues, allowing the obtained filtrate to enter a hydrothermal synthesis unit, mixing the filtrate with a chemical auxiliary agent (8), and performing hydrothermal synthesis reaction under the conditions of high temperature and high pressure (7); and (5) separating and purifying the obtained product in a separation and purification unit (9), and discarding waste liquid (10) to obtain a carbon quantum dot product (11).
Further, the material crushing unit sets up organic solid waste feed inlet, the oxidative decomposition unit sets up the medicament feed inlet, the filter unit sets up the solid residue discharge gate, the hydrothermal synthesis unit sets up the chemical auxiliary agent feed inlet, separation and purification unit sets up waste liquid discharge gate and carbon quantum dot discharge gate.
Further, the separation and purification unit is also connected with a drying unit.
Preferably, the oxidative decomposition unit is a reaction kettle, and more preferably a microwave hydrothermal reaction kettle, a high-pressure reaction kettle or a mechanical stirring reaction kettle.
Preferably, the hydrothermal synthesis unit is a high-pressure reaction kettle, and more preferably a tetrafluoro hydrothermal reaction kettle.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the method adopts a two-step method, realizes the controllable preparation of the carbon quantum dots from the complex organic solid wastes through decomposition and synthesis in turn, thereby realizing the high-value resource utilization of the classification of the organic solid wastes; specifically, the method provided by the invention can effectively pretreat and preseparate the organic solid wastes, only uses water-soluble micromolecule organic matters capable of generating carbon quantum dots for preparing the carbon quantum dots, and has the advantages of high conversion rate, less byproducts and high quality of the carbon quantum dots; after pretreatment and separation, organic solid waste is well recycled.
2. The method adopts a mode of oxidative decomposition and hydrothermal synthesis to prepare the carbon quantum dots, and because toxic and harmful chemicals such as strong acid, strong base and the like are not involved in the advanced oxidation process in the first step, the separated solid residue can be well recycled, and compared with the traditional method in which the strong acid, strong base and heteroatom precursor are added, the method is cleaner and more environment-friendly.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the process of the present invention; in FIG. 1, (I) -partial oxidative decomposition, (II) -hydrothermal synthesis; 1-organic solid waste, 2-grinding and crushing, 3-partial oxidative decomposition, 4-oxidizing agent, 5-filtering and separating, 6-solid residue, 7-hydrothermal synthesis, 8-chemical auxiliary agent, 9-separation and purification, 10-waste liquid and 11-carbon quantum dot.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be further clearly and completely described with reference to the following specific examples. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely a few embodiments of the invention and are not to be taken as the full scope of the invention. Therefore, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without inventive efforts shall fall within the scope of the present invention.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the detailed description is given to the implementation manner of the present invention with reference to fig. 1, and the new method for preparing carbon quantum dots by using organic solid wastes as a carbon source specifically includes the following two steps:
partial oxidative decomposition: grinding and crushing (2) organic solid wastes (1), carrying out partial oxidative decomposition reaction (3) under the action of an oxidant (4), filtering and separating (5) reacted materials to remove solid residues (6), and collecting filtrate for later use;
(II) hydrothermal synthesis: according to the heteroatom composition of the source micromolecular carbon source and the doping requirement of the target carbon quantum dot, a hybrid chemical auxiliary agent (8) is selected and prepared, the hybrid chemical auxiliary agent is mixed with carbon source filtrate to perform hydrothermal synthesis (7) under the conditions of high temperature and high pressure, the product is separated and purified (9), and then waste liquid (10) is discarded, so that a carbon quantum dot product (11) is obtained.
Example 1 preparation of nitrogen and phosphorus co-doped carbon quantum dots by using kitchen waste as carbon source
Partial oxidative decomposition: taking 100g of restaurant kitchen waste (the water content is 91%) as organic solid waste (1), placing the organic solid waste in a 500mL ball milling tank for 2 hours for grinding and crushing (2), wherein the grain size after grinding is less than 500 micrometers; taking 20g of ground and homogenized kitchen waste slurry, placing the kitchen waste slurry in a 100mL microwave hydrothermal reaction kettle, adding 5mL hydrogen peroxide (with the concentration of 30%) as an oxidant (4) (with the peroxide ratio of 20%), and performing partial oxidative decomposition reaction (3) at 160 ℃; after 30 minutes of reaction and cooling, pouring out all products, sequentially carrying out two-stage filtration treatment (5) by a nylon net with 100 meshes (the aperture is 150 microns) and a 20-nanometer high-pressure filter membrane, discarding about 1g of solid residue (6), and collecting 18mL of filtrate for later use;
(II) hydrothermal synthesis: the filtrate is provided with nitrogen elements, so that phosphoric acid is selected as a chemical auxiliary agent (8); transferring 18mL of the filtrate and 5mL of a phosphoric acid solution (concentration: 50%) into a 50mL tetrafluoro hydrothermal reaction kettle, and reacting in an oven at 180 ℃ for 3 hours to perform a hydrothermal synthesis reaction (7); and (3) naturally cooling, removing the product, performing suction filtration through a 45-micron membrane, transferring the filtrate into a dialysis bag of 1000 daltons, performing separation and purification (9), removing an outer penetrating fluid (10), collecting the solution in the dialysis bag, and performing freeze drying to obtain 0.8mg of brown black carbon quantum dots (11).
Through analysis, the particle size of the carbon quantum dots prepared in example 1 is between 6 nanometers and 13 nanometers, and strong green fluorescence is presented under an ultraviolet lamp with a wavelength of 375 nanometers; infrared spectrum analysis shows that the intensity of the infrared spectrum is 1558cm -1 And 955cm -1 Strong absorption peaks are respectively C-N and C-P, wherein N is from kitchen waste, and P is from chemical auxiliary agent phosphoric acid. The calculation shows that the conversion rate from the filtrate to the final carbon quantum dot product is 1.48 percent, which is far higher than the conversion rate (less than 1 per thousand) of directly preparing the carbon quantum dots from the organic solid waste; the solid residue separated and removed in the step (I) by oxidation decomposition has all pathogenic bacteria killed by high-temperature hydrothermal treatment, and the nontoxic and harmless hydrogen peroxide is added in the treatment process and completely decomposed into water and oxygen in the reaction process, and no chemical precursor used in the traditional method is added in the processTherefore, the solid residue is safe, nontoxic and rich in organic matters, and can be recycled in the modes of organic fertilizer, nutrient soil and the like.
Example 2 preparation of nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots with municipal sludge as carbon source
Partial oxidative decomposition: taking 50g (water content: 83%) of dewatered sludge of a certain sewage treatment plant as organic solid waste (1), putting the organic solid waste into a 500mL ball milling tank, adding 50mL deionized water, uniformly mixing, and grinding and crushing (2) for 2 hours, wherein the particle size after grinding is less than 800 micrometers; taking 50g of ground and homogenized sludge slurry, putting the sludge slurry into a 200mL high-pressure reaction kettle, injecting 1.2MPa pure oxygen as an oxidant (4) under pressure (the peroxide ratio: 50%), and carrying out partial oxidative decomposition reaction (3) at 220 ℃; after the reaction is carried out for 60 minutes and the reaction product is cooled, all the products are poured out, and the products are sequentially subjected to two-stage filtration treatment (5) by a 50-mesh nylon net (with the aperture of 300 microns) and a 20-nanometer high-pressure filter membrane, about 3.8g of solid residue (6) is discarded, and 37mL of filtrate is collected for later use;
(II) hydrothermal synthesis: the filtrate contains nitrogen elements, but the content is low, so that ethylenediamine is selected as a chemical auxiliary agent (8); transferring 37mL of filtrate and 2mL of ethylenediamine into a 100mL tetrafluoro hydrothermal reaction kettle, and reacting in a 220 ℃ oven for 2 hours to perform a hydrothermal synthesis reaction (7); and naturally cooling, taking out the product, performing suction filtration through a 23-micron membrane, transferring the filtrate into a dialysis bag of 1000 daltons for separation and purification (9), discarding the outer penetrating fluid (10), collecting the solution in the dialysis bag, and performing freeze drying to obtain 1.2mg of black carbon quantum dots (11).
Through analysis, the particle size of the carbon quantum dots prepared in example 2 is between 11 nm and 25 nm, and green fluorescence is presented under an ultraviolet lamp with a wavelength of 320 nm; infrared spectroscopic analysis found at 1403cm -1 A strong absorption peak is formed, and the C-N stretching vibration indicates that N in the sludge is effectively converted into carbon quantum dots. The calculation shows that the conversion rate from the filtrate to the final carbon quantum dot product is 0.53 percent, which is still higher than the conversion rate (less than 1 per thousand) of the carbon quantum dot directly prepared from the organic solid waste; the solid residue separated and removed in the step (I) through the oxidation decomposition is treated by high-temperature hydrothermal treatment to kill all pathogenic bacteria and is in placeThe nontoxic and harmless oxygen is added in the process, and a chemical precursor used in the traditional method is not added, so that the solid residue can be used as greening cultivation soil for resource utilization.
Example 3 preparation of nitrogen and sulfur co-doped carbon quantum dots by using coal gangue as carbon source
Partial oxidative decomposition: taking 20g of coal gangue (organic matter content: 31%) of a certain abandoned coal mine as organic solid waste (1), placing the organic solid waste into a 100mL ball milling tank, adding 100mL deionized water, uniformly mixing, and grinding and crushing (2) for 2 hours, wherein the particle size after grinding is less than 10 micrometers; taking out all the ground and homogenized slurry, placing the slurry into a 250mL conical flask, adding 15mL hydrogen peroxide (concentration: 30%) as an oxidant (4) (peroxide ratio: 15%), and carrying out partial oxidative decomposition reaction (3) under the conditions of normal temperature and stirring; after 30 minutes of reaction and cooling, pouring out all products, sequentially carrying out two-stage filtration treatment (5) by a 100-mesh nylon net (with the aperture of 150 microns) and a 20-nanometer high-pressure filter membrane, discarding about 18g of solid residues (6), and collecting 112mL of filtrate for later use;
(II) hydrothermal synthesis: the filtrate contains sulfur elements, so that ethylenediamine is selected as a precursor (8) of nitrogen elements; transferring 50mL of filtrate and 2mL of ethylenediamine into a 100mL tetrafluoro hydrothermal reaction kettle, and reacting in a 250 ℃ oven for 1 hour to perform hydrothermal synthesis reaction (7); and naturally cooling, taking out the product, performing suction filtration through a 23-micron membrane, transferring the filtrate into a dialysis bag of 1000 daltons for separation and purification (9), discarding the outer penetrating fluid (10), collecting the solution in the dialysis bag, and performing freeze drying to obtain 0.3mg of black carbon quantum dots (11).
Through analysis, the particle size of the carbon quantum dot prepared in example 3 is between 3 nm and 11 nm, and blue fluorescence is presented under an ultraviolet lamp with a wavelength of 420 nm; the infrared spectrum analysis found that the concentration of the active carbon in the mixture is 1 412cm -1 And 1139cm -1 Has strong absorption peak of-NH respectively 2 And S-H, wherein N is derived from a chemical auxiliary agent, namely ethylenediamine, and S is derived from coal gangue. The calculation shows that the conversion rate from the filtrate to the final carbon quantum dot product is 0.67 percent and is still higher than the conversion rate (less than 1 per thousand) of the carbon quantum dot directly prepared from the organic solid waste; and in (I) partial oxidative decompositionIn the treatment process of the removed solid residue, sulfur in the coal gangue is removed for sulfate through Fenton oxidation conversion, and the sulfur content is reduced from initial 4% to below 1%, so that the solid residue can be used as a green building material for high-value resource utilization.
Claims (10)
1. The method for preparing the carbon quantum dots based on the two-step method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
i) partial oxidative decomposition: taking organic solid waste (1) as a raw material, and carrying out partial oxidation decomposition reaction (3) with an oxidant (4) to obtain an oxidation product filtrate;
II) hydrothermal synthesis: and (3) taking the oxidation product filtrate obtained in the step I) as a carbon source, adding a chemical assistant (8), uniformly mixing, and performing hydrothermal synthesis (7) under the conditions of high temperature and high pressure to obtain a carbon quantum dot product (11).
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the organic solid waste (1) is a solid waste having an organic matter content of more than 10%, the solid waste comprising any one or more of municipal sludge, oil-containing sludge, waste plastics, waste tires, coal refuse, household garbage, food waste and agricultural and forestry waste.
3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the oxidizing agent (4) comprises air, oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, persulfate and/or potassium permanganate.
4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the oxidative decomposition reaction (3) is an advanced oxidation process, which is a wet oxidation, a microwave hydrothermal oxidation, a fenton oxidation and/or a fenton-like oxidation.
5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the partial oxidative decomposition reaction (3) means that the amount of the oxidizing agent (4) is less than the chemical oxygen demand of all organic components in the completely mineralized organic solid waste (1), and the percentage is 10% -90%.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the chemical auxiliary agent (8) is a precursor for enriching the composition of the carbon quantum dot elements, and the precursor comprises any one or more of precursors of nitrogen element such as ethylenediamine, cysteine, urea and ammonia water, and/or any one or more of precursors of sulfur element such as thioglycolic acid, sodium sulfite and benzene sulfonic acid, and/or any one or more of precursors of phosphorus element such as diphosphorus pentoxide, phosphoric acid and phosphorus bromide, and/or precursors of boron element such as boric acid, and/or any one or more of chloride, nitrate and sulfate salts of Mn, zn and Ag.
7. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it comprises in particular the following steps
I) partial oxidative decomposition: taking organic solid wastes (1) as raw materials, and grinding and crushing (2) to prepare fine particle raw materials with the particle size of less than or equal to 1 mm; adding an oxidant (4) into the fine particle raw material to perform partial oxidation decomposition reaction (3) to prepare a reaction material;
filtering and separating (5) the reaction materials, and removing solid residues (6) to obtain oxidation product filtrate;
II) hydrothermal synthesis: taking the oxidation product filtrate obtained in the step 1) as a carbon source, adding a chemical auxiliary agent (8), uniformly mixing, and performing hydrothermal synthesis (7) under a high-temperature and high-pressure condition to obtain a reaction product; and (5) separating and purifying the reaction product (9), and removing the waste liquid (10) to obtain the carbon quantum dot product (11).
8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that the filtration separation (5) is a two-stage filtration method comprising, in sequence, a mechanical pressure filtration with a pore size of 100-1000 microns and a membrane filtration with a pore size of 10-100 nm.
9. A carbon quantum dot produced by the method of any one of claims 1 to 8.
10. A production system for producing the carbon quantum dots according to claim 9, wherein the production system comprises a material crushing unit, an oxidative decomposition unit, a filtration unit, a hydrothermal synthesis unit, and a separation and purification unit; the material crushing unit, the oxidative decomposition unit, the filtering unit, the hydrothermal synthesis unit and the separation and purification unit are sequentially connected through an output pipeline; grinding and crushing the organic solid wastes (1) in a material crushing unit (2), then feeding the organic solid wastes into an oxidative decomposition unit, and carrying out partial oxidative decomposition reaction (3) under the action of an oxidant (4); filtering and separating the materials obtained by the reaction in a filtering unit (5), removing solid residues, allowing the obtained filtrate to enter a hydrothermal synthesis unit, mixing the filtrate with a chemical auxiliary agent (8), and performing hydrothermal synthesis reaction under the conditions of high temperature and high pressure (7); separating and purifying the obtained product in a separation and purification unit (9), and discarding the waste liquid (10) to obtain the carbon quantum dot product (11).
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