CN115868460B - Flexible selective trawl fishing gear and use method thereof - Google Patents

Flexible selective trawl fishing gear and use method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115868460B
CN115868460B CN202211692677.7A CN202211692677A CN115868460B CN 115868460 B CN115868460 B CN 115868460B CN 202211692677 A CN202211692677 A CN 202211692677A CN 115868460 B CN115868460 B CN 115868460B
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China
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trawl
net bag
flexible
shaped device
trawl net
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CN115868460A (en
Inventor
黄六一
杨意馨
尤鑫星
李玉岩
邬骞力
宋春德
张荣军
冯卫东
吕元昊
贾明秀
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CHINA NATIONAL FISHERIES CORP
Ocean University of China
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CHINA NATIONAL FISHERIES CORP
Ocean University of China
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Abstract

The invention provides a flexible selective trawl fishing gear and a use method thereof, comprising a trawl net bag, and further comprising at least one flexible kite-shaped device and a small sinker chain which are arranged on the trawl net bag; the flexible kite-shaped device is made of canvas, two ends of the flexible kite-shaped device along the length direction of the trawl net bag are in an open arch shape along the circumferential direction of the trawl net bag, and the front end opening of the flow-facing surface is large, and the rear end opening is small; the small sinker chains are distributed right below the web surface of the trawl net bag; the flexible kite-shaped device and the small sinker chain generate tension through water flow, so that the meshes of the trawl net bag are transversely expanded. According to the invention, the flexible kite-shaped device is arranged on the trawl net bag, and the expansion force generated by the device under the action of water flow can be utilized to expand the meshes of the trawl net bag, so that the escape of larvae is increased, and the mesh selectivity of the trawl net bag is effectively improved.

Description

Flexible selective trawl fishing gear and use method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of fishing gear selectivity research of an ecological fishing gear fishing method, and particularly relates to a flexible selective trawl fishing gear and a use method thereof, which are used for improving the selectivity of trawl net and bag net.
Background
Marine fishing is an important component in the fishing industry, plays an important role in solving the problem of world food shortage and reducing the phenomenon of poverty, and trawl fishing has a dominant role in the marine fishing production process in China, and the average annual fishing yield is 48% of the national marine fishing yield, so that rich and high-quality protein is provided for people. Reasonable trawl fishing gear structure plays a key role in reducing the proportion of young fish and the capture of auxiliary fish and improving the fishing efficiency, so that the structure of the conventional trawl fishing gear is required to be optimized, the production requirement can be met, and sustainable utilization of fishery resources can be promoted. The mesh selectivity is an important component of the selectivity of the trawl, wherein the change of the shape of the traditional diamond mesh in the normal trawl towing process is always an important research class of the selectivity optimization of the trawl. Under the action of water flow, the diamond meshes in the dragging process deform in shape and tend to be closed, so that juvenile fish and auxiliary fish are difficult to escape directly through the meshes at the net bags. Therefore, a selective device is added on the net cover of the trawl to change the mesh shape.
In the process, the added selective device has to meet the characteristics of simple manufacturing process, convenient operation and the like, and can also provide expansion force for the netting so as to ensure the mesh shape of the diamond mesh. The alternative devices that are currently used more and are capable of providing expansion forces are devices made of rigid materials (such as floats and sinkers), but the rigid structures are of greater mass and area during trawl operations, and are inconvenient to operate, especially during the net paying-off and reeling-in operations, the larger and heavier rigid structures cannot be operated with a winch.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems in the prior art, the invention provides the flexible selective trawl and the application method thereof, which can be used in actual production operation of the trawl, reduce the proportions of the fish and the auxiliary fish, improve the fishing efficiency, promote sustainable utilization of fishery resources and protect marine ecological environment.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a flexible selective trawl fishing gear comprises a trawl net bag, at least one flexible kite-shaped device and a small sinker chain, wherein the flexible kite-shaped device and the small sinker chain are arranged on the trawl net bag;
The flexible kite-shaped device is made of canvas, is distributed along the circumferential direction of the trawl net bag, is in an open arch shape at two ends along the length direction of the trawl net bag, and has a large front end opening and a small rear end opening of the flow face; the small sinker chains are distributed right below the web surface of the trawl net bag; the flexible kite-shaped device and the small sinker chain generate tension through water flow to transversely expand the meshes of the trawl net bag.
Preferably, the trawl net bag is divided into three sections along the length direction, and two cross sections of the trawl net bag are respectively a trawl net bag 1/3 section and a trawl net bag 2/3 section, wherein the trawl net bag 1/3 section is close to the opening end of the trawl net bag; the two cross sections of the trawl net bag 1/3 section and the trawl net bag 2/3 section are respectively distributed with a flexible kite-shaped device and a small sinker chain.
Preferably, the 1/3 section of the trawl net bag is divided into eight areas, two areas close to the water bottom are net bag web surfaces, the small sinker chain is connected to the middle part of the net bag web surfaces through ropes, and the middle parts of the other six areas are respectively provided with a flexible kite-shaped device;
the trawl net bag 2/3 section is divided into six areas, one area near the water bottom is net bag web surface, the small sinker chain is connected to the middle part of net bag web surface through rope, and the bisectors of the other five areas are respectively provided with a flexible kite-shaped device.
Preferably, the small sinker chain is arranged at the middle position right below the trawl net bag 1/3 section and the trawl net bag 2/3 section, and the flexible kite-shaped device is arranged at the middle position right above the trawl net bag 1/3 section and the trawl net bag 2/3 section.
Preferably, the plane of the flexible kite-shaped device is unfolded to form an isosceles trapezoid, the long side of the flexible kite-shaped device faces the front end of the windward side, the short side of the flexible kite-shaped device is arranged at the rear end of the windward side, the front end and the rear end of the flexible kite-shaped device are in an opening state, and the bevel edge of the flexible kite-shaped device is connected with the trawl net bag by needle and line.
Preferably, the small sinker chain is used for providing a sinking force for the trawl net bag and consists of a plurality of oval iron rings which are sequentially connected, and the small sinker chain is connected with the trawl net bag by using a high-strength polyethylene net wire with the diameter of 0.5 mm.
The invention also provides a use method of the flexible selective trawl fishing gear, which comprises the following steps:
Step one, obtaining the rising resistance coefficient of the flexible kite-shaped device according to a water tank experiment, establishing a response model of the structural parameters and the hydrodynamic characteristics of the flexible kite-shaped device, and providing data reference for the design of the flexible kite-shaped device;
Step two, determining the specification of a small sinker chain and the size and the number of the flexible kite-shaped devices according to the type, the specific size and the model experiment criteria of the trawl fishing gear in actual production operation;
Step three, installing the flexible kite-shaped device and the small sinker chain which are manufactured in the step two at corresponding positions on a trawl net bag;
step four, placing the prepared trawl fishing gear on an operation fishing boat to finish all preparation works before trawl operation;
And fifthly, starting the offshore experiment of the trawl fishing gear according to the set working condition.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) According to the invention, the flexible kite-shaped device is arranged on the trawl net bag, and the expansion force generated by the device under the action of water flow can be utilized to expand the meshes of the trawl net bag, so that the escape of larvae is increased, and the mesh selectivity of the trawl net bag is effectively improved.
(2) The device is made of flexible canvas, the canvas is a flexible structure, and is arranged on the net bag, so that normal operations such as hauling, net releasing and the like of the trawl are not affected, and the trawl is not easy to damage. For trawl selectivity devices adopting fixed buoyancy such as floating balls, the floating balls are easy to squeeze during net hauling and net releasing, so that the net structure is damaged. In addition, the canvas structure is not influenced by the depth, and tension can be provided in normal operation especially in deep sea trawl operation, and for the floating ball, the floating ball is likely to be pressed and exploded due to high water pressure when the depth is high, so that the floating ball is out of function.
(3) The invention adopts the flexible material canvas manufacturing device, has light weight, simple structure and wider use, not only can be used for middle trawl operation, but also can be used for bottom trawl operation and deep water fishery resource investigation.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate and together with the embodiments of the invention and do not constitute a limitation to the invention, and in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of a trawl fishing gear according to the first embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the installation position of the flexible kite-shaped device and the small sinker chain in the first embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a trawl fishing gear according to the second embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the installation position of the flexible kite-shaped device and the small sinker chain in the second embodiment;
FIG. 5 is a schematic plan view of a flexible kite-shaped device of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the experimental state of the flexible kite-shaped device of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a trawl net bag; 2. a flexible kite-shaped device; 3. small sinker strand; 4. a net wire; 5. trawl net bag 1/3 section; 6. trawl cage 2/3 section; 7. the front end of the flexible kite-shaped device facing the flow; 8. the back end of the flexible kite-shaped device facing the flow.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is evident that the embodiments described are only some, but not all embodiments of the invention. The components of the embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations. Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention, as presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by a person skilled in the art without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, this embodiment provides a flexible selective trawl fishing gear, which is mainly suitable for middle trawl operation, and includes a trawl cage 1, the trawl cage 1 is formed by splicing rectangular meshes, the shape of the trawl cage is approximately cylindrical under the action of water flow, the trawl cage 1 is divided into three sections along the length direction thereof, as shown in fig. 2, two cross sections dividing the trawl cage 1 are respectively a trawl cage 1/3 section 5 and a trawl cage 2/3 section 6, and the trawl cage 1/3 section 5 is close to the opening end of the trawl cage 1. The cross sections of the trawl net bag 1/3 section 5 and the trawl net bag 2/3 section 6 are respectively distributed with a flexible kite-shaped device 2 and a small sinker chain 3.
The flexible kite-shaped device 2 is made of canvas, as shown in fig. 5, the plane unfolding shape is isosceles trapezoid, after the flexible kite-shaped device 2 is installed on a trawl net bag 1, the flexible kite-shaped device is arched as shown in fig. 6 under the action of water flow, the long side of the flexible kite-shaped device 2 faces the front end of the windward side to form the front end 7 of the windward side, the short side of the flexible kite-shaped device forms the back end 8 of the windward side of the flexible kite-shaped device at the back end of the windward side, the bevel edge of the flexible kite-shaped device 2 is connected with the trawl net bag 1 by needle and line, the shrinkage factor of the net at the trawl net bag 1 is 0.15 according to experience, and the net number corresponding to the long side, the short side and the height of the net is determined by the shrinkage factor and the net size of the net. The small sinker chains 3 are distributed under the web surface of the trawl net bag 1, the small sinker chains 3 are used for providing sinking force for the trawl net bag 1, and are formed by sequentially connecting a plurality of oval iron rings, and the small sinker chains 3 are connected with the trawl net bag 1 by using high-strength polyethylene net wires with the diameter of 0.5 mm. The flexible kite-shaped device 2 and the small sinker chains 3 generate tension through water flow to expand the meshes of the trawl net bags 1.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 2 (a), the cross section 5 of the trawl net sac 1/3 is divided into eight areas, two areas close to the water bottom are net sac web surfaces, the small sinker chains 3 are connected to the middle parts of the net sac web surfaces through ropes, and the middle parts of the other six areas are respectively provided with a flexible kite-shaped device 2.
As shown in fig. 2 (b), the trawl net bag 2/3 section 6 is divided into six areas equally, one area near the water bottom is net bag web surface, the small sinker chain 3 is connected to the middle part of the net bag web surface through ropes, and the bisectors of the other five areas are respectively provided with a flexible kite-shaped device 2.
Example two
As shown in fig. 3, this embodiment provides a flexible selective trawl fishing gear, which is mainly suitable for bottom trawl operation, the longitudinal length of the trawl cage 1 is 3m, and the perimeter (straightening length) of the cage is 9m.
The trawl fishing gear adopts the same inventive concept as the first embodiment, and is different from the first embodiment in that: the embodiment comprises two small sinker chains 3 and two flexible kite-shaped devices 2, wherein the small sinker chains 3 are arranged at the middle positions right below the trawl net bag 1/3 section 5 and the trawl net bag 2/3 section 6, and the flexible kite-shaped devices 2 are arranged at the middle positions right above the trawl net bag 1/3 section 5 and the trawl net bag 2/3 section 6.
The flexible selective trawl fishing gear provided by the invention is used in the following steps:
1) According to the water tank experiment, the corresponding resistance coefficient (C L、CD) of the flexible kite-shaped device 2 is obtained, mainly by installing the flexible kite-shaped device 2 on a frame, carrying out the water tank experiment under different attack angles and aspect ratios, measuring the hydrodynamic force of the flexible kite-shaped device 2 in the flow speed working condition range of the model experiment, comprising lift force (F L) and resistance force (F D), and then according to the formula The coefficient of lift resistance was determined. In order to establish a response model of the structural parameters and hydrodynamic characteristics of the flexible kite-shaped device 2, a water tank experiment is provided with 5 flexible kite-shaped device models with different length-to-width ratios of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5, and when the length-to-width ratio is 0.5, the experimental result shows that the flexible kite-shaped device 2 has the best hydrodynamic performance, and data reference is provided for the design of the flexible kite-shaped device 2, wherein the length-to-width ratio of the flexible kite-shaped device 2 is in a plane expansion diagram isosceles trapezoid: [ (long side+short side)/2 ]/high; the specific parameters of the small sinker chain 3 are designed according to the actual trawl net bag 1, and mainly provide a certain sinking force.
2) According to the type, specific size and model experimental criteria of the trawl fishing gear in actual production operation, determining the length of the small sinker chain 3, the size of the elliptical ring and the size and number of the flexible kite-shaped devices 2, and designing and manufacturing a combined flexible selective device 2; namely the structural parameters of the small sinker strand 3: the length is 0.3m, the diameter of the oval ring is 2mm, the inner length is 13mm, the outer width is 5mm, and the structural parameters of the flexible kite-shaped device 2 are as follows: the area is 0.08m 2, the short side length is 0.09m, the long side length is 0.31m, and the height is 0.40m.
3) The flexible kite-shaped device 2 is arranged on a trawl net bag 1/3 section 5 and a trawl net bag 2/3 section 6, namely, the trawl net bag 1 with the length of 3m is divided into three parts averagely, the range of the flexible kite-shaped device 2 arranged at the trawl net bag 1/3 section 5 can be 0.6-1.4m considering the height of the flexible kite-shaped device 2, the range of the flexible kite-shaped device 2 arranged at the trawl net bag 2/3 section 6 can be 1.6-2.4m, a flexible kite-shaped device 2 is arranged right above the back surfaces of the two net bag sections, and a small sinker chain 3 is arranged on the web surface right below the flexible kite-shaped device 2 respectively, and is arranged and fixed through needle threads and a high-strength polyethylene net thread 4 with the diameter of 0.5 mm.
4) And placing the prepared trawl fishing gear on an operation fishing boat to finish all preparation work before trawl operation.
5) And starting the offshore experiment of the trawl fishing gear according to the set working conditions.
The applicant has stated that the present invention is illustrated by the above examples as a detailed method of the invention, but the invention is not limited to the above detailed method, i.e. it is not meant that the invention must be practiced in dependence upon the above detailed method. It should be apparent to those skilled in the art that any modifications of the present invention, equivalent transformation of the raw materials and addition of auxiliary components, specific conditions and mode selection, etc. fall within the scope of the present invention and the scope of the disclosure.

Claims (7)

1. The utility model provides a flexible selectivity trawl fishing gear, includes trawl net bag (1), its characterized in that: the device also comprises at least one flexible kite-shaped device (2) and a small sinker chain (3) which are arranged on the trawl net bag (1);
The flexible kite-shaped device (2) is made of canvas, is distributed along the circumferential direction of the trawl net bag (1), is in an open arch shape at two ends along the length direction of the trawl net bag (1), and has a large front end opening and a small rear end opening of a flow facing surface; the small sinker chains (3) are distributed right below the ventral surface of the trawl bag (1); the flexible kite-shaped device (2) and the small sinker chain (3) generate tension through water flow, so that the meshes of the trawl net bag (1) are opened, and the larva escape is increased.
2. A flexible selective trawl fishing gear according to claim 1, wherein: the trawl net bag (1) is divided into three sections along the length direction, two cross sections of the trawl net bag (1) are respectively a trawl net bag 1/3 cross section (5) and a trawl net bag 2/3 cross section (6), wherein the trawl net bag 1/3 cross section (5) is close to the opening end of the trawl net bag (1); the two cross sections of the trawl net bag 1/3 section (5) and the trawl net bag 2/3 section (6) are respectively distributed with a flexible kite-shaped device (2) and a small sinker chain (3).
3. A flexible selective trawl fishing gear according to claim 2, wherein: the trawl net bag 1/3 section (5) is divided into eight areas averagely, two areas close to the water bottom are net bag web surfaces, a small sinker chain (3) is connected to the middle part of the net bag web surfaces through ropes, and the middle parts of the other six areas are respectively provided with a flexible kite-shaped device (2);
The trawl net bag 2/3 section (6) is divided into six areas equally, one area close to the water bottom is the net bag web surface, the small sinker chain (3) is connected to the middle part right to the net bag web surface through ropes, and the bisectors of the other five areas are respectively provided with a flexible kite-shaped device (2).
4. A flexible selective trawl fishing gear according to claim 2, wherein: the small sinker chain (3) is arranged at the middle position right below the trawl net bag 1/3 section (5) and the trawl net bag 2/3 section (6), and the flexible kite-shaped device (2) is arranged at the middle position right above the trawl net bag 1/3 section (5) and the trawl net bag 2/3 section (6).
5. A flexible selective trawl fishing gear according to claim 3 or 4, wherein: the plane unfolding shape of the flexible kite-shaped device (2) is an isosceles trapezoid, the long side of the flexible kite-shaped device (2) faces the front end of the windward side, the short side of the flexible kite-shaped device is at the rear end of the windward side, the front end and the rear end of the flexible kite-shaped device are in an opening state, and the bevel edge of the flexible kite-shaped device (2) is connected with the trawl net bag (1) by needle and line.
6. A flexible selective trawl fishing gear according to claim 5, wherein: the small sinker chain (3) is used for providing sinking force for the trawl net bag (1), is formed by sequentially connecting a plurality of oval iron rings, and is connected with the trawl net bag (1) by using a net wire (4).
7. A method of using a flexible selective trawl fishing gear according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising the steps of:
Step one, obtaining the lift resistance coefficient of the flexible kite-shaped device (2) according to a water tank experiment, establishing a response model of the structural parameters and the hydrodynamic characteristics of the flexible kite-shaped device (2), and providing data reference for the design of the flexible kite-shaped device (2);
step two, determining the specification of the small sinker chain (3) and the size and the number of the flexible kite-shaped devices (2) according to the type, the specific size and the model experiment criteria of the trawl in actual production operation;
step three, installing the flexible kite-shaped device (2) and the small sinker chain (3) which are manufactured in the step two at corresponding positions on the trawl net bag (1);
step four, placing the prepared trawl fishing gear on an operation fishing boat to finish all preparation works before trawl operation;
And fifthly, starting the offshore experiment of the trawl fishing gear according to the set working condition.
CN202211692677.7A 2022-12-28 2022-12-28 Flexible selective trawl fishing gear and use method thereof Active CN115868460B (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
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CN115868460B true CN115868460B (en) 2024-06-21

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Citations (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN204350897U (en) * 2014-11-28 2015-05-27 浙江海洋学院 A kind of trawlnet flexibility expands net arrangement
CN111869633A (en) * 2020-05-25 2020-11-03 浙江海洋大学 Rotary multi-net-bag trawl

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CN2490830Y (en) * 2001-08-07 2002-05-15 李子道 Anchor open net with expandable belly
EP1927282A1 (en) * 2006-11-28 2008-06-04 Danny Gallagher Juvenile fish excluder
US20190037821A1 (en) * 2015-09-18 2019-02-07 The New Zealand Institute For Plant And Food Research Limited Method of extracting aquatic animals from an apparatus
WO2020101551A1 (en) * 2018-11-12 2020-05-22 Nilsson, Håkan Device for spreading the mouth of a trawl and adjusting a trawl's position, a method of using the device, and a computer program product for controlling the device
NO20200376A1 (en) * 2020-03-30 2021-10-01 Selstad As Device for handling aquatic organisms and other waterborne elements

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN204350897U (en) * 2014-11-28 2015-05-27 浙江海洋学院 A kind of trawlnet flexibility expands net arrangement
CN111869633A (en) * 2020-05-25 2020-11-03 浙江海洋大学 Rotary multi-net-bag trawl

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