CN115857165A

CN115857165A - Head-up display

Info

Publication number: CN115857165A
Application number: CN202211554913.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 顾跃凤
Original assignee: Shanghai Tianma Microelectronics Co Ltd
Current assignee: Shanghai Tianma Microelectronics Co Ltd
Priority date: 2021-06-30
Filing date: 2021-06-30
Publication date: 2023-03-28
Also published as: CN113448102A; CN113448102B

Abstract

The present application relates to a head-up display comprising: a display module; the optical reflection system comprises an optical element and a curved mirror, wherein the optical element comprises an incident surface, an emergent surface and at least two reflecting surfaces, the incident surface is fixedly connected with the emergent surface of the display module, light rays emitted by the display module enter the optical element through the incident surface, are respectively reflected by the at least two reflecting surfaces and then are emitted from the emergent surface to the curved mirror, and are reflected to the preset projection surface through the curved mirror so as to form a visually recognizable image through the preset projection surface. Because the optical element can fold the light path, the volume of the head-up display can be greatly reduced while the imaging quality of recognizable images is ensured, and the stability of the system is improved. The head-up display is applied to vehicles, the projection preset surface is a windshield in front of a driver, visual fatigue of the driver can be relieved, and driving safety is improved.

Description

Head-up display

The application is applied for 2021, 06, 30, with application number 202110741380.4, the invention creates a divisional application entitled "head-up display".

Technical Field

The present application relates to the field of display technologies, and in particular, to a head-up display.

Background

Head-Up displays (HUDs) for projecting traffic environment information of a vehicle onto a windshield in front of a driver, the driver can see driving-related information without lowering his Head, distraction to the road ahead is avoided, and switching of the line of sight between observation of the road far away and observation of the instrument panel near the road is also unnecessary, so that visual fatigue of the driver can be reduced, and driving safety can be improved. The application to airplanes was primarily initiated, and in recent years, vehicles have also begun to be developed.

Disclosure of Invention

The utility model provides a head-up display, this head-up display can reduce head-up display's volume by a wide margin, improves system stability when guaranteeing recognizable image's formation of image quality.

To this end, an embodiment of the present application provides a head-up display including: a display module; the optical reflection system comprises an optical element and a curved mirror, wherein the optical element comprises an incident surface, an emergent surface and at least two reflecting surfaces, the incident surface is fixedly connected with the emergent surface of the display module, light rays emitted by the display module enter the optical element through the incident surface, are respectively reflected by the at least two reflecting surfaces, then are emitted from the emergent surface to the curved mirror, and are reflected to a preset surface through the curved mirror so as to form a visually recognizable image through the preset surface.

According to the head-up display provided by the embodiment of the application, the optical reflection system comprising the optical element and the curved mirror is arranged between the display module and the projection preset surface, so that light rays emitted by the display module enter the optical element through the incident surface of the optical element, are reflected at least twice and then are emitted to the curved mirror from the emergent surface, and are reflected to the projection preset surface of a windshield through the curved mirror, so that the image which can be visually recognized is presented through the windshield. Because the light can form a folded light path in the optical element, the volume of the head-up display can be greatly reduced while the imaging quality of recognizable images is ensured. In addition, the light-emitting surface of the display module is fixedly connected with the incident surface of the optical element, which is equivalent to an integral structure, and the light-emitting direction of incident light is fixed, so that the stability of the head-up display system can be improved. When the head-up display is applied to a vehicle, the visual fatigue of a driver can be reduced, and the driving safety can be improved.

Drawings

Features, advantages and technical effects of exemplary embodiments of the present application will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings, like parts are provided with like reference numerals. The figures are not drawn to scale.

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of an application scene of a head-up display in the related art;

FIG. 2 illustrates a schematic structural view of a heads-up display according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 3 illustrates a schematic diagram of the optical elements in the head-up display shown in FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 shows an exemplary schematic of the optical element shown in FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 illustrates another exemplary structural schematic of the optical element shown in FIG. 3;

FIG. 6 illustrates another exemplary structural schematic of the optical element shown in FIG. 3;

FIG. 7 illustrates an exemplary structural schematic of an optical element in the heads-up display shown in FIG. 2;

FIG. 8 illustrates another exemplary structural schematic of an optical element in the heads-up display shown in FIG. 2;

FIG. 9 illustrates another exemplary structural schematic of the optical elements in the heads-up display shown in FIG. 2;

FIG. 10 illustrates another exemplary structural schematic of the optical elements in the heads-up display shown in FIG. 2;

fig. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a display module in the head-up display shown in fig. 2.

Detailed Description

Features and exemplary embodiments of various aspects of the present application will be described in detail below. In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present application. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art that the present application may be practiced without some of these specific details. The following description of the embodiments is merely intended to provide a better understanding of the present application by illustrating examples thereof. In the drawings and the following description, at least some well-known structures and techniques have not been shown in detail in order to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the present application; also, the dimensions of some of the structures may be exaggerated for clarity. Furthermore, the described features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments.

It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as third and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions.

It will be understood that when a layer, region or layer is referred to as being "on" or "over" another layer, region or layer in describing the structure of the component, it can be directly on the other layer, region or layer or intervening layers or regions may also be present. Also, if the component is turned over, one layer or region may be "under" or "beneath" another layer or region.

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of an application scenario of a head-up display in the related art.

As shown in fig. 1, the head-up display HUD is generally disposed inside the instrument panel of the cab and below the windshield W. HUD includes display module assembly D and speculum M usually, and display module assembly D can integrate the relevant environmental information of traffic, and the light that display module assembly D transmitted throws to windshield W's visual zone A after the speculum M reflects, and driver or passenger can follow visual zone A and observe display module assembly D's display image. Because the light that display module assembly D transmitted directly forms images through speculum M reflection, the image distance between speculum M and windshield W is little, leads to the display image to be littleer. If an enlarged display image is desired, the object distance between the mirror M and the windshield W must be lengthened to reduce the object distance between the display module D and the mirror M, while ensuring that the entire display image is output, resulting in an increase in the volume of the HUD.

In order to reduce HUD's volume, can remove display module D to the one side that is close to driver or passenger to increase level crossing P between display module D and speculum M, the light that display module D transmitted earlier reflects to speculum M through level crossing P, projects to windshield W's visual area A after the speculum M reflects again. Although the object distance is slightly reduced, the HUD volume increases with a slightly reduced magnitude, the imaging effect is improved to a limited extent, and the number of components is increased, which aggravates the instability of the system.

In view of the above technical problems, embodiments of the present application provide a head-up display, which can greatly reduce the volume and system stability of the head-up display while ensuring the imaging quality of recognizable images.

Fig. 2 shows a schematic structural diagram of a head-up display according to an embodiment of the present application, and fig. 3 shows a schematic structural diagram of an optical element in the head-up display shown in fig. 2.

As shown in fig. 2 and fig. 3, an embodiment of the present application provides a head-up display HUD including a display module 1 and an optical reflection system.

The optical reflection system comprises an optical element 21 and a curved mirror 22, the optical element 21 comprises an incident surface 211, an emergent surface 212 and at least two reflecting surfaces 213, the incident surface 211 is fixedly connected with the emergent surface 11 of the display module 1, light emitted by the display module 1 enters the optical element 21 through the incident surface 211, is emitted to the curved mirror 22 from the emergent surface 212 after being reflected by the at least two reflecting surfaces 213 respectively, and is reflected to a projection preset surface F through the curved mirror 22 so as to present a visually recognizable image through the projection preset surface F.

In this embodiment, the light that display module assembly 1 transmitted passes through optical element 21 after the multiple reflection outgoing to curved mirror 22, after presetting a face F reflection by the projection, presets a face F in the projection and deviates from driver or passenger's one side and forms upright virtual image, and driver or passenger can see this virtual image through presetting a face F in the projection, and this virtual image is the image that display module assembly 1 shows promptly.

When the HUD is used in a vehicle, the projection default surface F may be a windshield. Alternatively, the curved mirror 22 is a concave mirror (concave mirror) having a free-form surface, and the imaging principle thereof is reflection imaging. According to the imaging principle of the concave mirror, when the object distance is smaller than the focal length, an upright and amplified virtual image is formed, and the closer the object distance is to the focal length, the larger the virtual image is. In order to improve the formation of image quality, can adjust the light path distance between display module assembly 1 and the curved mirror 22, make it be less than curved mirror 22's focus to can present upright, enlarged virtual image on windshield, driver or passenger naked eye of being convenient for can discern.

In the present application, as shown in fig. 2, after the light emitted from the display module 1 enters the optical element 21 through the incident surface 211 of the optical element 21, the light can be reflected at least twice in the optical element 21, that is, a folded light path is formed in the optical element 21, and then the light is emitted from the exit surface 212 of the optical element 21 to the curved mirror 22, so that the light path distance between the display module 1 and the curved mirror 22 is extended, and the magnification of the visually recognizable image displayed on the windshield is increased. Meanwhile, since the increased light path distance is formed only inside the optical element 21 due to the at least two reflection paths, the occupied space is small, and the size of the HUD can be greatly reduced while the imaging quality of the recognizable image is ensured. In addition, the light emitting surface of the display module 1 is fixedly connected with the incident surface 211 of the optical element 21, which is equivalent to an integral structure, and the light emitting direction of the incident light is fixed, which is favorable for improving the stability of the HUD system.

According to the head-up display provided by the embodiment of the application, the optical reflection system comprising the optical element 21 and the curved mirror 22 is arranged between the display module 1 and the projection preset surface F, so that light rays emitted by the display module 1 enter the optical element 21 through the incident surface 211 of the optical element 21, are emitted to the curved mirror 22 from the emergent surface 212 after being reflected for at least two times, and are reflected to the projection preset surface F of a windshield, for example, through the curved mirror 22, so that visually recognizable images can be presented through the windshield. Since the light can form a folded light path in the optical element 21, the volume of the HUD can be greatly reduced while the imaging quality of the recognizable image is ensured. In addition, the light emitting surface of the display module 1 is fixedly connected with the incident surface 21 of the optical element 2, which is equivalent to an integral structure, and the light emitting direction of the incident light is fixed, so that the stability of the HUD system can be improved. Be applied to the vehicle with HUD, can alleviate driver's visual fatigue, be favorable to improving the security of driving.

The following describes in detail a specific structure of a head-up display provided by an embodiment of the present application with reference to the drawings.

Fig. 3 shows a schematic view of the optical elements in the head-up display shown in fig. 2.

In some embodiments, of the at least two reflecting surfaces 213 of the optical element 21, a forward projection of one reflecting surface 213 on the entrance surface 211 for receiving and reflecting light from the entrance surface 211 covers the entrance surface 211, and a forward projection of one reflecting surface 213 on the exit surface 212 for reflecting received light to the exit surface 212 at least partially overlaps the exit surface 212.

As shown in fig. 3, the optical element 21 includes a plurality of surfaces, the incident light λ 1 emitted from the light emitting surface 11 of the display module 1 enters the optical element 21 from the incident surface 211 and reaches the first reflecting surface 213, and the reflected light λ 2 reaches the second reflecting surface 213, in some examples, the reflected light λ 3 after being reflected again may continue to reach the next reflecting surface 213 for further reflection, and finally exits from the exit surface 212 to the curved mirror 22.

In order to keep the display image on the side of the predetermined projection plane F intact, all the light emitted from the light-emitting surface 11 of the display module 1 needs to enter the optical element 21 through the incident surface 211, and all the reflected light needs to be emitted from the exit surface 212 to the curved mirror 22. At the same time, the volume of the optical element 21 should be as small as possible, on the one hand to avoid waste and on the other hand to reduce the occupied space of the HUD. The orthographic projection of the first reflecting surface 213 on the incident surface 211 covers the incident surface 211 to ensure that all incident light rays enter the optical element 21. The orthographic projection of the last reflecting surface 213 on the exit surface 212 at least partially overlaps the exit surface 212.

Optionally, the orthographic projection of the last reflecting surface 213 on the outgoing surface 212 completely covers the outgoing surface 212, so that the display image is completely displayed and emitted to the curved mirror 22 under the condition that the default display scale size of the display module 1 is not changed, and the integrity of the display image on the side of the projection preset surface F is ensured. Optionally, the orthographic projection of the last reflecting surface 213 on the outgoing surface 212 covers part of the outgoing surface 212, so that the display picture can be completely outgoing to the curved mirror 22 by adjusting the display scale of the display module 1, and the integrity of the display picture on the side of the projection preset surface F is ensured.

Further, the area of the incident surface 211 is larger than or equal to the area of the light emitting surface 11 of the display module 1. Thus, the entire display screen of the display module 1 can be ensured to enter the optical element 21 through the incident surface 211.

In some embodiments, at least two of the reflective surfaces 213 of the optical element 21 are planar surfaces having an area of the entrance surface 211 that is less than or equal to an area of the exit surface 212. Thus, even if the orthographic projection of the last reflecting surface 213 on the emergent surface 212 is only partially overlapped with the emergent surface 212, the integrity of the display picture on the side of the projection preset surface F can be ensured by adjusting the display scale of the display module 1.

In some embodiments, the optical element 21 is a prism, the incident surface 211, the exit surface 212, and the at least two reflecting surfaces 213 are located at the side of the prism, and the incident surface 211 and the exit surface 212 are disposed at a predetermined included angle. The material of the prism may be resin, optical glass, quartz glass, or the like.

In some embodiments, the optical element 21 is an axisymmetric prism, and the axis of symmetry of the optical element 21 passes through the intersection of the entrance face 211 and the exit face 212 in a main cross section perpendicular to the side faces. Therefore, the light rays reflected by the first reflecting surface 213 are all reflected by the second reflecting surface 213, the light rays reflected by the second reflecting surface 213 are all reflected by the next reflecting surface, and finally, the light rays entering from the incident surface 211 are all emitted from the emergent surface 212, so that the integrity of the display picture on the side of the projection preset surface F is further ensured.

Fig. 4 to 6 respectively show several exemplary structural diagrams of the optical element shown in fig. 3.

In one example, as shown in fig. 4, the optical element 21 is a Schmidt prism (Schmidt prism) whose shape in a main section perpendicular to the side surface is an isosceles triangle. As can be seen from the direction indicated by the arrow in fig. 4, the side AB represents the incident surface 211, the side AC represents the exit surface 212, and the side bc represents one of the reflecting surfaces 213, and the side AB and the side AC can also be used as the reflecting surfaces 213, respectively. The incident light λ 1 enters the optical element 21 through the incident surface 211, and then is totally reflected on the first reflection surface represented by the AC side, the totally reflected light λ 2 reaches the second reflection surface represented by the BC side and is totally reflected again, the totally reflected light λ 3 reaches the third reflection surface represented by the AB side and is totally reflected for the third time, and finally the totally reflected light λ 4 is emitted from the exit surface 212.

That is to say, the light emitted by the display module 1 is totally reflected three times in the schmitt prism and then is emitted to the curved mirror 22, so that the schmitt prism has a foldable light path, and the optical element 21 is more compact while the light path is longer. An included angle α =45 ° between the incident surface 211 and the exit surface 212, an included angle β between the first reflective surface and the second reflective surface, and an included angle β =67.5 ° between the second reflective surface and the third reflective surface.

The optical axis length of the schmitt prism is 2.414D, where D is the aperture size of the incident beam. The prism constant K =2.414, and the optical path length of the HUD system is enlarged by 2.414 times compared with a single flat mirror, so that the HUD system can be made smaller in size.

In one example, as shown in fig. 5, the optical element 21 is a pentagonal prism whose shape in a main section perpendicular to the side faces is an axisymmetric pentagon. Where the side AB represents the entrance face 211, the side AC represents the exit face 212, the side CD represents the first reflecting face 213, the side BE represents the second reflecting face 213, the two reflecting faces 213 are located on both sides of the axis of symmetry S, and the reflected light does not reach the side represented by the side DE. As can be seen from the direction indicated by the arrow in fig. 5, the pentagonal prism has two reflecting surfaces 213, and the light emitted from the display module 1 is reflected twice in the optical element 21 and then exits to the curved mirror 22.

That is to say, the light emitted by the display module 1 is reflected twice in the pentagonal prism and then emitted to the curved mirror 22, so that the pentagonal prism has a foldable light path, and the optical element 21 is more compact while the light path is longer. The included angle between the incident surface 211 and the exit surface 212 is a right angle, the included angle θ between the first reflecting surface 213 and the exit surface 212, and the included angle θ =112.5 ° between the second reflecting surface 213 and the incident surface 211.

In addition, the length of the optical axis of the pentagonal prism is 3.414D, wherein D is the aperture size of the incident light beam. The prism constant K =3.414, and the optical path length of the HUD system is enlarged by 3.414 times compared with a single flat mirror, so that the HUD system can be made smaller in size. In addition, the pentagonal prism is not influenced by installation errors, and the application range is wider.

Of course, the optical element 21 may also be a hexagonal prism, an octagonal prism or more, as long as the light emitted by the display module 1 is totally reflected twice in the optical element 21 and then emitted to the curved mirror 22.

In one example, as shown in fig. 6, the optical element 21 is a half pentagonal prism whose shape in a main section perpendicular to the side faces is a non-axisymmetric pentagon. Wherein the side AB represents the entrance face 211, the side AC represents the exit face 212, the side BD represents the first reflection face 213, the side AC also serves as the second reflection face 213, and the reflected light does not reach the side represented by the side CD. As can be seen from the direction indicated by the arrow in fig. 6, the light emitted from the display module 1 is reflected twice in the half-pentagonal prism and then exits to the curved mirror 22.

That is to say, the light emitted by the display module 1 is reflected twice in the half pentagonal prism and then is emitted to the curved mirror 22, so that the pentagonal prism has a foldable light path, and the optical element 21 is more compact while the light path is longer. An included angle α =45 ° between the incident plane 211 and the exit plane 212, an included angle β 2=22.5 ° between the two reflecting planes 213, and an included angle β 1=112.5 ° between the incident plane 211 and the adjacent reflecting plane.

The optical axis length of the half pentagonal prism is 1.707D, where D is the aperture size of the incident light beam. The prism constant K =1.707, and the optical path length of the HUD system is enlarged by 1.707 times compared to a single flat mirror, so that the HUD system can be made smaller in size.

It will be appreciated that the angles of the prisms described above will have allowable manufacturing variations, taking into account manufacturing tolerances. For example, the included angle between the incident surface 211 and the exit surface 212 of the pentagonal prism is 90 ° ± 2 °, the included angle between the incident surface 211 and the second reflecting surface 213, and the included angle between the exit surface 212 and the first reflecting surface 213 are 112.5 ° ± 2 °. For example, the included angle between the incident surface 211 and the exit surface 212 of the schmitt prism is 45 ° ± 1 °, and the allowable manufacturing deviation depends on the actual requirements of the product and is not described in detail.

Fig. 7 to 10 show another exemplary structural diagram of an optical element in the head-up display shown in fig. 2.

In some embodiments, at least two of the reflective surfaces 213 of the optical element 21 are curved surfaces. Compared with the technical scheme that at least two reflecting surfaces 213 are flat surfaces, the arc-shaped curved surface can improve the quality of a display picture. In one example, at least two of the reflecting surfaces 213 of the optical element 21 are arc-shaped concave surfaces, and the area of the incident surface 211 is smaller than or equal to the area of the exit surface 212. Taking the example in which the optical element 21 shown in fig. 7 has two reflecting surfaces 213, the shape of the optical element 21 in a main section perpendicular to the side surfaces is a curved surface pentagon. Wherein the side AB represents the entrance surface 211, the side AC represents the exit surface 212, the side CD represents the first reflection surface 213, the side BE represents the second reflection surface 213, and both reflection surfaces 213 are curved concave surfaces. Since the light entering from the incident surface 211 has a divergent effect when reaching the emitting surface 213 of the arc concave surface, in order to ensure the integrity of the display image on the side of the projection preset surface F, the area of the second reflecting surface 213 is larger than or equal to the area of the first reflecting surface 213 under the condition of keeping the default display scale of the display module 1 unchanged.

In addition, at least two reflecting surfaces 213 are arc concave surfaces, which can correct or eliminate optical distortion of a virtual image on the side of the projection preset surface F, thereby improving the quality of a display picture.

In another example, at least two reflecting surfaces 213 of the optical element 21 are arc-shaped convex surfaces, and the area of the incident surface 211 is greater than or equal to the area of the exit surface 212. Taking the example of the optical element 21 shown in fig. 8 having two reflecting surfaces 213, the structure is similar to that of the optical element 21 shown in fig. 7, except that the first reflecting surface 213 represented by the CD side and the second reflecting surface 213 represented by the BE side are both arc-shaped convex surfaces. Since the light entering from the incident surface 211 has a converging effect when reaching the emitting surface 213 of the arc concave surface, in order to ensure the integrity of the display image on the side of the projection preset surface F, the area of the second reflecting surface 213 is smaller than or equal to the area of the first reflecting surface 213 under the condition of keeping the default display scale of the display module 1 unchanged.

In addition, at least two plane of reflection 213 are the arc convex surface, can improve the magnification of the virtual image of the preset face F one side of projection, improve the quality of display frame under the prerequisite that does not increase the whole volume of HUD.

In another example, some of the at least two reflective surfaces 213 of the optical element 21 are curved concave surfaces and others are curved convex surfaces. Taking the example in which the optical element 21 shown in fig. 9 has two reflecting surfaces 213, the shape of the optical element 21 in a main section perpendicular to the side surfaces is a curved surface pentagon. Wherein the side AB represents the entrance surface 211, the side AC represents the exit surface 212, the side CD represents the first reflecting surface 213, which is shaped as an arc-shaped concave surface, and the side BE represents the second reflecting surface 213, which is shaped as an arc-shaped convex surface. Since the light entering from the incident surface 211 has a converging effect when reaching the arc concave surface of the first emitting surface 213 and a diverging effect when reaching the arc convex surface of the second emitting surface 213, in order to ensure the comprehensiveness of the reflected light, under the condition that the default display scale of the display module 1 is not changed, the area of the first reflecting surface 213 is smaller than or equal to that of the second reflecting surface 213, the area of the incident surface 211 is smaller than or equal to that of the first reflecting surface 213, and the area of the emergent surface 212 is smaller than or equal to that of the second reflecting surface 213.

In addition, some of the at least two reflecting surfaces 213 are arc-shaped concave surfaces, and the other reflecting surfaces 213 are arc-shaped convex surfaces, so that the magnification of the virtual image on the side of the projection preset surface F can be increased, and the optical distortion can be corrected or eliminated to improve the quality of the display image by adjusting the parameters of the reflecting surfaces.

In another example, as shown in fig. 10, it is similar in structure to the optical element 21 shown in fig. 9 except that the first reflecting surface 213 represented by the CD side is curved convex and the second reflecting surface 213 represented by the BE side is curved concave. Since the light entering from the incident surface 211 has a diverging effect when reaching the arc convex surface of the first emitting surface 213 and a converging effect when reaching the arc concave surface of the second emitting surface 213, in order to ensure the comprehensiveness of the reflected light, under the condition that the default display scale of the display module 1 is not changed, the area of the incident surface 211 is smaller than or equal to the area of the first reflecting surface 213, the area of the second reflecting surface 213 is smaller than or equal to the area of the first reflecting surface 213, and the area of the emergent surface 212 is smaller than or equal to the area of the second reflecting surface 213.

In some embodiments, when at least two of the reflective surfaces 213 are both pre-defined free-form surfaces, the curved mirror 22 may even be omitted, further reducing the volume of the HUD.

It should be noted that the optical element 21 may also be a quadratic rectangular prism, a Roof prism (Roof prism), or a combination of multiple prisms such as a pentagonal prism, a schmitt prism, a semi-pentagonal prism, a quadratic rectangular prism, and a Roof prism, and the number of times of reflection of light in the prism may also be four times, and at least two reflection surfaces may be planar or arc-shaped curved surfaces, as long as the definition and integrity of a display screen can be ensured, which is determined according to the requirements of actual products and will not be described again.

The pentagonal prism has a relatively large optical path, is more compact in structure, is not influenced by installation errors, and is wider in application range. For convenience of description, the embodiments of the present application are described by taking a pentagonal prism as shown in fig. 5 as an example.

In some embodiments, at least two of the reflective surfaces 213 of the optical element 21 are respectively provided with a reflection-increasing film layer 215. As shown in fig. 2 and 5, the pentagonal prism is provided with a reflection increasing film layer 215 on two reflection surfaces 213 represented by a CE side and a BD side in a main section perpendicular to the side surfaces of the prism to increase the intensity of reflected light. The reflection enhancing film layer 215 generally includes a metallic reflective film and an all dielectric reflective film, or a combination of both.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the, the light-shielding film layer 214 is provided on the other surfaces of the optical element 21 than the incident surface 211, the emission surface 212, and the at least two reflection surfaces 213. As shown in fig. 2 and 5, the pentagonal prism has a main cross section perpendicular to the side surfaces of the prism, and the surface represented by the edge DE does not participate in the light reflection operation, and a light shielding film layer 214 is provided on the surface to reduce the influence of stray light on the optical element 21. The light-shielding film 214 is generally black, and can be formed by adding black color masterbatch into plastic.

Further, the number of the curved mirrors 22 is at least one. The curved mirror 22 may be formed by splicing a plurality of concave mirrors, or may be a whole concave mirror, depending on the specific curved surface type of the curved mirror 22. The shape of the curved mirror 22 is a free-form surface, including, but not limited to, a spherical surface, a Qcon aspherical surface, a Qbfs aspherical surface, or a surface expressed by XY polynomial, zernike polynomial, or the like, for example.

In some embodiments, the optical reflection system further includes an adjusting device 23, and the adjusting device 23 is movably connected to the curved mirror 22 to adjust the position of the image on the projection preset plane F and/or the size of the image.

In one example, as shown in fig. 2, the adjusting device 23 includes a rotating mechanism, and an output shaft of the rotating mechanism is connected to the curved mirror 22 to rotate the curved mirror 22 relative to the predetermined plane F. The rotating mechanism is used for adjusting the position of the image on the projection preset surface F, such as the height of the image on the windshield. The rotation mechanism may be a gear mechanism that is driven by a rotating motor to rotate the curved mirror 22.

In one example, the adjustment device 23 includes a moving mechanism, and an output shaft of the moving mechanism is connected to the curved mirror 22 to move the curved mirror 22 in a direction toward or away from the optical element 21.

The moving mechanism is used to adjust the size of the image and the distance between the curved mirror 22 and the windshield. The translation mechanism may be a rack and pinion mechanism, a screw mechanism, driven by a rotary motor to translate rotary motion into linear motion of the curved mirror 22. The curved mirror 22 can also be directly driven by a linear motor pneumatic or hydraulic cylinder drives, etc.

In one example, the adjustment device 23 includes a rotation mechanism and a movement mechanism, so that the position of the image on the windshield, the size of the image, and the distance between the curved mirror 22 and the windshield can be adjusted.

In some embodiments, the head-up display further includes a housing 3, the display module 1, the optical element 21 and the curved mirror 22 are accommodated in the housing 3, the housing 3 includes an opening 31, and the opening 31 is disposed corresponding to a reflection mirror surface of the curved mirror 22. The housing 3 is used to prevent impurities such as dust and liquid from entering the HUD and affecting the optical performance of the optical element 21 and the curved mirror 22.

As previously mentioned, when the adjustment device 23 comprises a moving mechanism, the moving mechanism can move the curved mirror 22 closer to or farther away from the optical element 21. Since the reflected light of the curved mirror 22 needs to be reflected to the projection preset surface F through the opening 31 of the housing 3, when the curved mirror 22 moves close to or away from the optical element 21, in order to prevent the opening 31 from blocking the reflected light of the curved mirror 22, the opening 31 needs to be designed to be large, which may aggravate the backward flowing effect of the external light.

Therefore, the housing 3 may include two parts, namely a first housing for covering the optical element 21 and a second housing for covering and fixing the curved mirror 22, wherein the second housing is telescopically movable relative to the first housing by the moving mechanism, so as to drive the curved mirror 22 to approach or be away from the optical element 21, and the relative position of the opening 31 is not changed, and the size of the opening is matched with the reflecting mirror surface of the curved mirror 22.

In some embodiments, the head-up display further comprises a transparent cover plate 4, the cover plate 4 covering the opening 31. The cover plate 4 is a transparent piece, the material of the cover plate can be polycarbonate PC or glass, the thickness of the cover plate is not more than 3mm, and the cover plate is used for preventing impurities such as dust, liquid and the like from entering the shell 3 and simultaneously not influencing the light intensity of reflected light as far as possible.

In some embodiments, the side of cover plate 4 facing curved mirror 22 is provided with an antireflection film layer 41. The antireflection film layer is also called an antireflection film layer, and is used for reducing or eliminating reflected light on the surface of the cover plate 4, so that the light transmittance of the cover plate 4 is increased, stray light of the HUD system is reduced or eliminated, and the imaging brightness of the side of the projection preset surface F is improved.

In the embodiment of the present application, the Display Module 1 may be a Liquid Crystal Display Module (LCM), an Organic Light Emitting Display panel (OLED), an LED Display, a Micro-LED Display panel, or the like.

Taking the LCM shown in fig. 11 as an example, the Liquid Crystal Display module includes a Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) panel 1a and a backlight module 1b. The display panel 1a itself is a non-emissive light receiving element, and a light source is generally provided to the display panel 1a by the backlight module 1b. The backlight module 1b can be classified into a side-type backlight module and a direct-type backlight module according to the incident position of the light source. The direct-type backlight module is characterized in that a light-emitting source such as a cathode fluorescent lamp or a light-emitting diode is arranged behind a liquid crystal panel to directly form a surface light source to be provided for the liquid crystal panel; the side-in backlight module is formed by arranging an LED lamp strip at the side rear part of the liquid crystal panel as a backlight source. The light emitting surface 11 of the display panel 1a and the incident surface 211 of the optical element 21 may be fixed by a fastener, or may be adhered together by an adhesive layer.

Further, the LCM further includes a rubber frame 1c disposed between the display panel 1a and the backlight module 1b, and the display panel 1a is fixed on the rubber frame 1 c. The rubber frame 1c is usually made of resin materials and has good elasticity, and in the transportation and use processes of the backlight module 1b, the rubber frame 1c can provide good buffer effect for structures such as light-emitting components, optical diaphragms and the like in the backlight module 1b, so that the internal structure of the backlight module 1b is prevented from being damaged due to impact.

Optionally, the height of the rubber frame 1c is 25% to 75% of the height of the display panel 1a, the wall thickness of the rubber frame 1c is 3mm to 8mm, and a reflection increasing layer is disposed on the inner wall of the rubber frame 1c to improve the luminous intensity of the backlight module 1b and further improve the brightness of the display image of the display module 1.

In addition, as for the LCM, the brightness of the display screen of the display module 1 is improved, and the heat generated by the light source of the backlight module 1b is increased. If the heat cannot be dissipated quickly and accumulated to generate high temperature, the service lives of the backlight module 1b and the display module 1 are affected, and the service life of the head-up display is further affected.

In order to improve the heat dissipation effect of the display module 1, in some embodiments, the housing 3 of the head-up display is provided with a heat dissipation hole 32 corresponding to the peripheral side of the display module 1. The shape of the heat dissipation hole 32 may be any one of circular, rectangular, fan-shaped, and U-shaped. The number of the heat dissipation holes 32 may be plural, and the plural heat dissipation holes 32 are distributed in the case 3 around the display module 1 in a matrix manner, so that the heat generated by the display module 1 is discharged through the plural heat dissipation holes 32.

In order to further improve the heat dissipation effect of the display module 1, in some embodiments, the heat dissipation member 6 is disposed on a side of the display module 1 away from the light emitting surface 11. The heat dissipation member 6 may be a groove-shaped heat dissipation metal sheet, the metal sheet may be made of copper to improve heat conductivity, and a groove is formed between adjacent metal sheets. Simultaneously, a plurality of recesses and the louvre 32 intercommunication of radiating piece 6, through radiating piece 6 can be with the inside mechanical heat conduction that produces of display module assembly 1 to the inside air of shell 3, the rethread is a plurality of louvres 32 and carries out the heat exchange with the outside air to can in time discharge the heat that display module assembly 1 produced, maintain display module assembly 1's normal work, improve display module assembly 1's reliability. In addition, the heat sink 6 may be a heat dissipation fan, a heat dissipation film, or the like.

In some embodiments, the heat dissipation element 6 may be disposed outside the housing 3, and the heat dissipation hole 32 of the housing 3 corresponding to the heat dissipation element 6 is a hollow opening. Because the heat dissipation member 6 directly exchanges heat with the outside air, the heat generated by the display module 1 can be quickly and timely discharged.

In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 2, a transparent adhesive layer 7 is coated between the light emitting surface 11 of the display module 1 and the incident surface 211 of the optical element 21. The transparent glue layer 7 is used for fixedly connecting the display module 1 with the optical element 21, and is used for improving the definition and brightness of the image formed on one side of the projection preset surface F without influencing the light emitting effect of the display module 1.

Further optionally, the glue layer 7 is a high light transmittance thermal conductive glue, such as a silicon gel. Therefore, the glue layer 7 can also diffuse the heat generated by the display module 1 outwards through the optical element 21, and the heat dissipation effect of the display module 1 is further improved.

It is understood that the head-up display provided by the embodiment of the present application is not only suitable for vehicles such as automobiles, but also suitable for any vehicles such as motorcycles, trains, buses, airplanes and the like with windshields, and the details are not repeated.

In accordance with the embodiments described herein above, these embodiments are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise embodiments described. Obviously, many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the application and its practical application, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the application and its various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. The application is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.

Claims

1. A head-up display, comprising:

a display module;

the optical reflection system comprises an optical element, the optical element is a prism and is of an integrated structure, the optical element comprises an incident surface, an emergent surface and at least two reflecting surfaces, the incident surface is fixedly connected with the emergent surface of the display module, light rays emitted by the display module enter the optical element through the incident surface, are respectively reflected by the at least two reflecting surfaces and then are emitted from the emergent surface to a projection preset surface, so that visually recognizable images can be displayed through the projection preset surface, and the at least two reflecting surfaces of the optical element are free curved surfaces.

2. A head-up display according to claim 1, wherein the at least two reflecting surfaces of the optical element are arc-shaped concave surfaces, the area of the incident surface being smaller than or equal to the area of the exit surface;

or the at least two reflecting surfaces of the optical element are arc convex surfaces, and the area of the incident surface is larger than or equal to that of the emergent surface.

3. A head-up display as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that at least one of the at least two reflecting surfaces of the optical element is an arc-shaped concave surface and at least one other reflecting surface is an arc-shaped convex surface.

4. A head-up display, comprising:

a display module;

the optical reflection system comprises an optical element and a curved mirror, wherein the optical element is of a prism and integrated structure, the optical element comprises an incident surface, an emergent surface and at least two reflecting surfaces, the incident surface is fixedly connected with the emergent surface of the display module, light emitted by the display module enters the optical element through the incident surface, is respectively reflected by the at least two reflecting surfaces and then is emitted to the curved mirror from the emergent surface, and is reflected to a projection preset surface through the curved mirror so as to form a visually recognizable image through the projection preset surface.

5. Head-up display according to claim 4, characterised in that the at least two reflecting surfaces of the optical element are plane or arc-shaped concave surfaces, the area of the entrance surface being smaller than or equal to the area of the exit surface;

or, the at least two reflecting surfaces of the optical element are arc convex surfaces, and the area of the incident surface is larger than or equal to that of the emergent surface.

6. Head-up display according to claim 5, characterised in that the optical element is an axisymmetric prism, the axis of symmetry of the optical element passing through the intersection of the entrance face and the exit face in a main section perpendicular to the side faces.

7. A head-up display according to claim 6, characterised in that the angle between the entrance face and the exit face is 45 °, the at least two reflection faces comprising a first reflection face and a third reflection face on either side of the symmetry axis and a second reflection face connecting the first reflection face and the third reflection face, the entrance face being multiplexed as the third reflection face, the exit face being multiplexed as the first reflection face, the angle between the first reflection face and the second reflection face and the angle between the second reflection face and the third reflection face being 67.5 °.

8. A head-up display according to claim 6, characterized in that the angle between the entrance face and the exit face is 90 ° ± 2 °, the at least two reflecting faces comprising a first reflecting face and a second reflecting face on either side of the symmetry axis, the angle between the entrance face and the second reflecting face and the angle between the exit face and the first reflecting face being 112.5 ° ± 2 °.

9. A head-up display according to claim 5 wherein the optical element is a non-axisymmetric graphic, the angle between the entrance face and the exit face is 45 °, the at least two reflecting faces comprise a second reflecting face multiplexed with the exit face and a first reflecting face contiguous with the entrance face, the angle between the two reflecting faces is 22.5 °, and the angle between the entrance face and the adjacent first reflecting face is 112.5 °.

10. A head-up display according to any of claims 1-9, characterised in that an orthographic projection on the entrance face of one of the at least two reflection faces of the optical element for receiving and reflecting light from the entrance face covers the entrance face and an orthographic projection on the exit face of one of the reflection faces for reflecting received light to the exit face at least partially overlaps the exit face.

11. The head-up display of claim 10, wherein the area of the incident surface is greater than or equal to the area of the light emitting surface of the display module.

12. Head-up display according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterised in that the at least two reflection faces of the optical element are each provided with a reflection-enhancing film layer.

13. Head-up display according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterised in that the entry face, the exit face and the other faces of the optical element than the at least two reflection faces are each provided with a light-shielding film layer.

14. A head-up display according to any one of claims 1-9, further comprising a housing in which at least the display module and the optical element are housed, the housing including an opening for transmitting light projected onto a projection preset surface.

15. A head-up display according to any of claims 1-9, characterised in that the material of the prism comprises at least one of resin, optical glass, quartz glass.

16. A head-up display according to any of claims 1-9, wherein the optical element comprises one or more of a quadratic rectangular prism, a roof prism, a pentagonal prism, a schmitt prism, a semi-pentagonal prism, a quadratic rectangular prism, a roof prism.