CN115857006B - Submarine acoustic and physical parameter detection method, medium and system - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a submarine acoustic and physical parameter detection method, medium and system, which belong to the technical field of submarine environment, and comprise the steps of acquiring particle size component proportion data and pore water density of a submarine sediment skeleton; calculating the density of the submarine sediment skeleton according to the obtained data of each component of the submarine sediment skeleton; calculating loose sediment density under different porosities according to the skeleton density of the submarine sediment and the pore water density; calculating the bulk modulus and shear modulus of the subsea sediment; calculating the longitudinal wave speed and the transverse wave speed of the submarine sediment; and calculating the absorption coefficient of the submarine stratum.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of submarine environments, and particularly relates to a submarine acoustic and physical parameter detection method, medium and system.
Background
The seabed is an important boundary of an underwater sound field, is an object of common attention of subjects such as marine acoustics, marine geology, marine geophysics and the like, is an important factor influencing the acoustic and physical parameters of the seabed, is used for solving the problem of sound wave propagation in the sea, investigating the characteristics of the seabed geology, establishing an acoustic model applicable to a typical area and other important components of the research, has measurement closely related to the seabed deposition environment, and has important application value in the fields of military marine environment guarantee, water/seabed target detection, seabed resource exploration and the like. Drilling to obtain logging data is the best means to study acoustic and physical parameters of loose sedimentary formations, and telemetry, laboratory measurements and subsea in situ measurements are also included. To obtain a broader data distribution, geophysicists have tried to analyze the physical mechanical parameters (longitudinal wave velocity, transverse wave velocity, acoustic absorption coefficient, density, elastic modulus, etc.) of the unconsolidated sedimentary layers using a theoretical model of petrophysical properties. The existing loose sediment layer mechanical parameter calculation models are more, and simple models such as a time average equation, a time average-Wood weighting equation and the like exist; there are also complex models such as Lee calculation model, hamilton calculation model, elastic modulus calculation model, two-phase medium wave propagation theory model, and the like. In the south yellow sea area, the submarine sound velocity, density, sound absorption coefficient, layering characteristics and other geothermal properties can be provided according to the geothermal model, and shear waves and the like of submarine sediments are calculated by combining physical and mechanical parameters, but most of the local researches are single-point or multi-point joint, and regional achievements are not formed.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a method, medium and system for detecting acoustic and physical parameters of the seabed, which can calculate the parameters of density, bulk modulus, shear modulus, longitudinal wave velocity, transverse wave velocity, absorption coefficient of the seabed stratum and the like of the seabed loose sediment.
The invention is realized in the following way:
a first aspect of the present invention provides a method for detecting acoustic and physical parameters of the sea floor, comprising the steps of:
s10: acquiring particle size component proportion data and pore water density of a submarine sediment skeleton;
s20: calculating the density of the submarine sediment skeleton according to the obtained data of each component of the submarine sediment skeleton;
s30: calculating loose sediment density under different porosities according to the skeleton density of the submarine sediment and the pore water density;
s40: calculating bulk modulus and shear modulus of the seafloor loose sediment;
s50: calculating longitudinal wave speed and transverse wave speed of the seabed loose sediment;
s60: and calculating the absorption coefficient of the submarine stratum.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the submarine acoustic and physical parameter detection method can be improved as follows:
wherein the sediment skeletal component of the seafloor comprises sand sediment and clay sediment, wherein the sand sediment comprises silt sediment and other sand sediment.
The calculation method for calculating the loose sediment density under different porosities according to the skeleton density of the submarine sediment and the pore water density comprises the following steps: calculating by using a time average-Wood weighting equation, wherein:
the time average-Wood weighting equation is an equation for calculating the physical properties of the hydrate without physical significance, which is formed by integrating the time average equation and the Wood equation, and the main principle is as follows:
the simple expression of the time-averaged equation model is:
(1) ；
wherein,to loosen the speed of the sediment, +.>、/>The speeds of pore water and rock framework are respectively +.>Is porosity; substituting the rock skeleton and pore water velocity into the formula (1), and calculating to obtain the velocity of loose sediment;
corresponding to the time average equation, a two-phase velocity equation based on the Wood equation is as follows:
(2) ；
(3) ；
in the method, in the process of the invention,to loosen the density of the sediment +.>Is the density of the pore fluid (generally referred to as water,)>Is the skeleton density of the rock.
Wherein, the step of calculating the bulk modulus and the shear modulus of the submarine sediment specifically comprises the following steps:
step one: calculating effective pressure according to the density of loose sediment at different porosities;
step two: calculating theoretical values of bulk modulus and shear modulus according to the Hashin-Shtrikman-Hertz-Mindlin theory;
step three: calculating the bulk modulus and the shear modulus of the rock framework of the seafloor loose deposit layer;
step four: the bulk modulus and shear modulus of the saturated fluid deposit were calculated.
The method for calculating the longitudinal wave speed and the transverse wave speed of the seabed loose sediment comprises the following steps of: the calculation was performed using the longitudinal and transverse wave velocity formula of the marine sediment of hellerud.
The method for calculating the absorption coefficient of the submarine stratum comprises the following steps: the absorption coefficient is calculated taking into account the influence of the medium absorption and spherical diffusion in the seismic wave propagation process.
Wherein the particle size component ratio data comprises a particle size ratio of each component of the detected subsea sediment frame.
Wherein the acoustic, physical parameters include: density, bulk modulus, shear modulus, longitudinal and transverse wave velocity of the subsea sediment, and absorption coefficient of the subsea formation.
A second aspect of the present invention provides a computer readable storage medium, characterized in that a user has stored thereon computer program instructions; the computer program instructions, when executed by the processor, implement a method of seafloor acoustic and physical parameter detection as described above.
A third aspect of the invention provides a subsea acoustic, physical parameter detection system comprising a computer readable storage medium as described above.
Compared with the prior art, the submarine acoustic and physical parameter detection method, medium and system provided by the invention have the beneficial effects that: obtaining sediment parameters through calculation of proportion data of particle size components of the submarine sediment, wherein the parameter calculation is different from the calculation of single speed, thickness and the like in a conventional calculation mode, and the parameter calculation is divided into a plurality of component proportion calculation; and calculating parameters such as density, bulk modulus, shear modulus, longitudinal wave speed, transverse wave speed, sound absorption coefficient and the like of the seabed loose sediment to obtain calculation data of different particle size components and different porosities to obtain the component proportion of the seabed loose sediment.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed in the description of the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly described below, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a method for detecting acoustic and physical parameters of the seabed.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, based on the embodiments of the invention, which are apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without inventive faculty, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention, as presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, based on the embodiments of the invention, which are apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without inventive faculty, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
It should be noted that: like reference numerals and letters denote like items in the following figures, and thus once an item is defined in one figure, no further definition or explanation thereof is necessary in the following figures.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more such feature. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more, unless explicitly defined otherwise.
As shown in fig. 1, a flowchart of a method for detecting acoustic and physical parameters of the seabed according to a first aspect of the present invention is provided, the method comprising the steps of:
s10: acquiring proportion data of each particle size component of a submarine sediment skeleton and pore water density;
s20: calculating the density of the submarine sediment skeleton according to the obtained data of each component of the submarine sediment skeleton;
s30: calculating loose sediment density under different porosities according to the skeleton density of the submarine sediment and the pore water density;
s40: calculating bulk modulus and shear modulus of the seafloor loose sediment;
s50: calculating longitudinal wave speed and transverse wave speed of the seabed loose sediment;
s60: and calculating the absorption coefficient of the submarine stratum.
Wherein, in the above technical scheme, sediment skeleton components of the seabed comprise sandy sediment and clay sediment, wherein the sandy sediment comprises silt sediment and other sandy sediment.
The following are typical detection methods:
drilling measurements measure acoustic and physical properties of deep subsea deposits by means of drilling sampling measurements, logging while drilling, borehole logging, etc. Belonging to a proprietary means, the characteristics of the submarine deep sound velocity profile which are difficult to provide by a laboratory measurement method or a submarine in-situ measurement method can be obtained.
The telemetry method obtains layered travel time information and propagation loss information of submarine sound wave propagation through acoustic reflection and refraction, and obtains the distribution structure of acoustic and physical characteristics of the submarine sediment by combining an empirical relation, a theoretical model, a search function, an objective function and the like of the submarine sediment.
In the laboratory measurement method, a seabed sediment sample is obtained through a gravity columnar sampling (sampling with a piston), a box type sampling, a multi-pipe sampling and the like, and segmented acoustic and physical characteristic measurement is carried out in a laboratory. Laboratory measurements present process disturbances, but can yield layered information of the seabed sediment sample and the distribution structure of acoustic and physical properties.
In-situ subsea measurement, acoustic properties and acoustic structures of a subsea sediment are measured in a subsea in-situ environmental state by a penetrating, push-in-situ subsea measurement device. If the physical characteristics of the seabed sediment are obtained by means of sample measurement, the disturbance to the seabed sediment is small.
In the technical scheme, the calculation method for calculating the loose sediment density under different pore water densities according to the skeleton density and the pore water density of the submarine sediment comprises the following steps: calculating by using a time average-Wood weighting equation, wherein:
the time average-Wood weighting equation is an equation for calculating the physical properties of the hydrate without physical significance, which is formed by integrating the time average equation and the Wood equation, and the main principle is as follows:
the simple expression of the time-averaged equation model is:
(1) ；
wherein,to loosen the speed of the sediment, +.>、/>The speeds of pore water and rock framework are respectively +.>Is porosity; substituting the rock skeleton and pore water velocity into the formula (1), and calculating to obtain the velocity of loose sediment;
corresponding to the time average equation, a two-phase velocity equation based on the Wood equation is as follows:
(2) ；
(3) ；
in the method, in the process of the invention,to loosen the density of the sediment +.>Is the density of the pore fluid (generally referred to as water,)>Is the skeleton density of the rock.
The Lee equation model is based on the Biot-Gassmann theory, and establishes a longitudinal and transverse wave velocity model for loose sediment containing free gas.
Determination of sediment density and sediment volume modulus can be performed by using Lee equation modelAnd shear modulus->Is determined; wherein:
(1) Determination of deposit Density
The deposit density can be determined by the following formula:
(4)；
in the method, in the process of the invention,、/>skeleton density and fluid density, respectively. Skeleton Density->The method comprises the following steps:
(5)；
in the method, in the process of the invention,is the kind of skeleton component; />Is->Density of seed components; />Is->The volume percent of the constituent in the rock.
(2) Bulk modulus of depositAnd shear modulus->Is determined by (a)
For deposits partially saturated with natural gas, bulk modulusAnd shear modulus->And Biot coefficient>The following are related:
(6)；
(7)；
in the method, in the process of the invention,、/>the bulk modulus and the shear modulus of the skeleton respectively,
(8)；
(9)；
in the method, in the process of the invention,、/>respectively +.>Bulk modulus and shear modulus of seed component; />Can be determined by the following formula:
(10)；
in the method, in the process of the invention,is the bulk modulus of the fluid.
The Biot coefficients can be determined using empirical relations, lee (2002) gives the following calculations for soft formations or loose deposits:
(11)；
for hard formations, the Krief formula was used to calculate:
(12)；
the shear modulus of saturated water deposits was calculated using the BGTL algorithm as follows:
in the Lee equation model, the Biot coefficient is related to the formation pressure difference, and the shear modulus of the saturated water deposit is calculated by adding the Biot coefficient:
(13)；
in the method, in the process of the invention,for the Biot coefficient, using formula (11); />Calculating by adopting a formula (10); />、/>Is pressed withParameters related to the force difference, the cementing degree and the clay content,
(14)；
in the method, in the process of the invention,is the pressure difference; />Is constant, for loose deposit +.>For consolidated sediment, ++>。The effect of (2) is to compensate for the effect of the argillaceous or hydrated compound on the skeleton, given by the empirical relationship given by Lee (2004):
(15)；
in the case of a pure sandstone,。
according to formula (7), there is
(16)；
Thus, a new Biot coefficient is obtained：
(17)；
Will beBy substituting equations (6), (7) and (10), the longitudinal and transverse wave velocities can be further calculated.
(4) Determination of other parameters
For model C, the effective bulk modulus of the fluidThe method comprises the following steps:
(18)；
wherein,、/>bulk moduli of water and natural gas, respectively. Fluid Density->The method comprises the following steps:
(19)；
wherein,、/>the densities of water and natural gas, respectively.
For model D, the bulk modulus calculation methods of Brie et al (1995) and Dvorkin et al (1999) were used:
(20)；
wherein,、/>respectively->And rock bulk modulus at that time. Effective bulk modulus of fluid->The method provided by Brie et al (1995) was used:
(21)；
wherein,is a scale constant->。
The following is a calculation method of the elastic modulus model:
since marine sediments of high porosity can be seen as "particle systems", their elastic wave velocity is related to porosity, effective pressure, mineral composition, elastic properties of the pore filling, and saturation of water with free gas.
Bulk modulus of rock framework of loose deposit based on Hashin-Shtrikman-Hertz-Mindlin theoryAnd shear modulus->The method comprises the following steps of:
(22)；
(23)；
(24)；
(25)；
(26)；
wherein the subscript HM represents the calculated value of the Hashin-Shtrikman-Hertz-Mindlin theory,for the porosity of a dense, randomly packed object of spheres (typically 40%), K and G are the bulk modulus and shear modulus of the mineral composition, respectively. According to Hill average, they relate to the modulus of the m components.
(27)；
(28)；
Where fi is the volume percent of the ith mineral component in the solid fraction. According to Hertz-Mindlin theory, it can be calculated thatAnd->：
(29)；
(30)；
Here, theFor mineral components calculated from K and GPoisson's ratio, n is the number of particles per particle in contact, preferably 8.5, p is the effective pressure:
(31)；
wherein,and->The density of the solid phase and the liquid phase respectively, +.>Acceleration of gravity, ++>Is the depth below the sea floor.
According to the Gassmann equation, the system modulus and shear modulus of a saturated fluid deposit are:
(32)；
(33)；
here the number of the elements is the number,for saturation of +.>Is the bulk modulus of water +.>And gas bulk modulus>Is equal to the average of the stresses:
(34)；
the longitudinal and transverse wave velocity expression of marine sediments of helleud (1999, 2000) is:
(35)；
(36)；
in the method, in the process of the invention,、/>longitudinal and transverse wave velocities of the marine sediment respectively; />Bulk modulus for saturated fluid deposits;shear modulus for saturated fluid deposits; />Is the density of the deposit.
In this embodiment, the step of calculating the bulk modulus and the shear modulus of the submarine sediment specifically includes:
step one: calculating effective pressure according to the density of loose sediment at different porosities;
step two: calculating the bulk modulus and the shear modulus of the submarine sediment according to the Hashin-Shtrikman-Hertz-Mindlin theory;
step three: calculating the bulk modulus and the shear modulus of the rock framework of the seafloor loose deposit layer;
step four: the bulk modulus and shear modulus of the saturated fluid deposit were calculated.
In the technical scheme, the method for calculating the longitudinal wave speed and the transverse wave speed of the submarine sediment comprises the following steps of: the calculation was performed using the longitudinal and transverse wave velocity formula of the marine sediment of hellerud.
In the technical scheme, the method for calculating the absorption coefficient of the submarine stratum comprises the following steps of: the absorption coefficient is calculated by considering the medium absorption and spherical diffusion effects of the seismic wave propagation process, wherein: the absorption coefficient in the formation may be written as:
（37）；
lambda is the wavelength of the earthquake,is the formation quality factor. According to stratum quality factor->Longitudinal wave velocity +.>Empirical formula->(Li Qingzhong, 1992), absorption by the medium is at the main frequency +.>Theory of speaking, the->. Each layer is according to->The quality factor can be deduced.
Then: the absorption coefficient measured in wavelength is:
（38）；
(in units ofFor example: the absorption coefficient of the submarine sediment is 0.157/lambda).
Wherein, in the above technical scheme, the particle size component proportion data comprises the particle size proportion of each component of the detected submarine sediment skeleton.
A second aspect of the present invention provides a computer readable storage medium, characterized in that a user has stored thereon computer program instructions; the computer program instructions, when executed by the processor, implement a method of seafloor acoustic and physical parameter detection as described above.
A third aspect of the invention provides a subsea acoustic, physical parameter detection system comprising a computer readable storage medium as described above.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art will readily recognize that variations or substitutions are within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the invention is subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (6)
1. A method for detecting acoustic and physical parameters of the sea bottom, comprising the steps of:
s10: acquiring particle size component proportion data and pore water density of a submarine sediment skeleton;
s20: calculating the density of the submarine sediment skeleton according to the obtained data of each component of the submarine sediment skeleton;
s30: calculating loose sediment density under different porosities according to the skeleton density of the submarine sediment and the pore water density;
s40: calculating the bulk modulus and shear modulus of the subsea sediment;
s50: calculating the longitudinal wave speed and the transverse wave speed of the submarine sediment;
s60: calculating the absorption coefficient of the submarine stratum;
wherein the sediment skeletal component of the seafloor comprises sand sediment and clay sediment, wherein the sand sediment comprises silt sediment and other sand sediment;
the particle size component ratio data comprises the particle size ratio of each component of the detected subsea sediment frame;
the acoustic and physical parameters include: density, bulk modulus, shear modulus, longitudinal and transverse wave velocity of the subsea sediment, and absorption coefficient of the subsea formation;
the calculation method for calculating the loose sediment density under different porosities according to the skeleton density of the submarine sediment and the pore water density comprises the following steps: calculating by using a time average-Wood weighting equation, wherein:
the time average-Wood weighting equation is an equation for calculating the physical properties of the hydrate without physical significance, which is formed by integrating the time average equation and the Wood equation, and the main principle is as follows:
the simple expression of the time-averaged equation model is:
wherein V is P To loosen the sediment velocity, V w 、V m The velocities of the pore water and the rock skeleton are respectively,is porosity; substituting the rock skeleton and pore water velocity into the formula (1), and calculating to obtain the velocity of loose sediment;
corresponding to the time average equation, a two-phase velocity equation based on the Wood equation is as follows:
wherein ρ is loose and sinkingDensity of product ρ w For the density of the pore fluid ρ m Is the skeleton density of the rock.
2. The method for detecting acoustic and physical parameters of the sea floor according to claim 1, wherein the step of calculating the bulk modulus and the shear modulus of the sea floor sediment comprises the following steps:
step one: calculating effective pressure according to the density of loose sediment at different porosities;
step two: calculating theoretical values of bulk modulus and shear modulus according to the Hashin-Shtrikman-Hertz-Mindlin theory;
step three: calculating the bulk modulus and the shear modulus of the rock framework of the seafloor loose deposit layer;
step four: the bulk modulus and shear modulus of the saturated fluid deposit were calculated.
3. The method for detecting acoustic and physical parameters of the sea floor according to claim 1, wherein the method for calculating the longitudinal wave velocity and the transverse wave velocity of the sea floor sediment comprises the following steps: the calculation was performed using the longitudinal and transverse wave velocity formula of the marine sediment of hellerud.
4. The method for detecting the acoustic and physical parameters of the sea floor according to claim 1, wherein the method for calculating the absorption coefficient of the sea floor is as follows: the absorption coefficient is calculated taking into account the influence of the medium absorption and spherical diffusion in the seismic wave propagation process.
5. A computer readable storage medium having computer program instructions stored thereon; the computer program instructions, when executed by a processor, implement a subsea acoustic and physical parameter detection method according to any of claims 1-4.
6. A subsea acoustic, physical parameter detection system comprising the computer readable storage medium of claim 5.
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