CN115853609A - Iron-making process waste heat gradient comprehensive utilization system and method - Google Patents
Iron-making process waste heat gradient comprehensive utilization system and method Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 88
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000003034 coal gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 abstract description 18
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000003303 reheating Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000805 Pig iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010795 Steam Flooding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003044 adaptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011112 process operation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cascade comprehensive utilization system and method for waste heat in an ironmaking process, belonging to the technical field of waste heat utilization in the ironmaking process of iron and steel enterprises and thermal power steam turbine devices; the system comprises a steam turbine and a generator coaxially assembled with the steam turbine, wherein the steam turbine comprises a high-pressure cylinder and a low-pressure cylinder; the system also comprises a gas boiler for providing steam and a sintering waste heat boiler; the invention integrates the traditional coal gas utilization power generation unit and the sintering waste heat utilization power generation unit into a system by two independent systems. By adopting the high-parameter single reheating steam turbine, the investment of a steam turbine, a generator, a control system, a steam-water system, a lubricating oil system, a steam turbine plant and an electrical system of a traditional sintering waste heat utilization system can be saved. And the reheating turbine is not provided with a backheating steam extraction pipeline, so that a large amount of backheating steam extraction pipelines can be saved. Because steam is not extracted from the reheating turbine any more, all the steam generated by the gas boiler enters the turbine, and the generating capacity of the turbine is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a cascade comprehensive utilization system and method for waste heat in an ironmaking process, and belongs to the technical field of waste heat utilization in the ironmaking process of iron and steel enterprises and thermal power steam turbine devices.
Background
China is a large country for producing steel, and iron making is an important process link in the steel industry. In the blast furnace iron-making process, a large amount of coal gas is generated. According to statistics, the blast furnace can generate 1700-2500m < 3 > of coal gas per 1t of pig iron smelted, and the chemical components of the coal gas comprise CO, CO2, H2, N2 and CH4, and the coal gas can be used as fuel. At present, a series of utilization methods for blast furnace gas are available, such as blast furnace gas combustion engine combined cycle, blast furnace gas combustion pushing reheat power generation turbine power generation, blast furnace gas residual pressure turbine power generation and the like. The most important utilization mode is that high-parameter superheated steam generated by burning of a gas boiler is introduced to drive a reheating power generation turbine to generate power.
The sintering method for producing the sinter is an important process before the iron ore is fed into a furnace. A large amount of waste heat is generated in the sintering process, and researches show that the waste heat resource amount of the sintering process is about 20 percent of the total amount of the waste heat resources of ton steel. The other heat utilization methods mainly introduce high-temperature waste gas into a waste heat boiler to generate steam to drive a steam turbine to generate power.
The two waste heat utilization methods are both steam turbine power generation in nature, but have great difference. The blast furnace gas combustion has high steam parameters and large amount. At present, the main steam parameter of coal gas utilization power generation of domestic iron and steel enterprises generally exceeds 13.2MPa/535 ℃, the subcritical parameter of 16.7MPa/566 ℃ is adopted in a plurality of projects, the supercritical parameter of 24.2MPa/600 ℃ is even adopted in individual projects, and a once reheating technology is adopted. The power grade of the steam turbine is between 50MW and 150 MW. The sintering waste heat utilization has low flue gas temperature (between 200 ℃ and 400 ℃), the generated main steam has low parameter quality, the power of a steam turbine is low, and a pure condensing unit is mostly adopted. For example, the main steam parameter of a certain sintering waste heat utilization project is 0.7MPa/285 ℃, and a 25MW condensing steam turbine is configured. Because of the difference of parameters and power grades, traditionally, coal gas power generation and sintering waste heat power generation are two independent systems, two independent turbines are arranged, and two sets of matched generators, steam-water systems, lubricating oil systems, electrical systems and plant foundations are provided, so that the investment cost is high. In addition, for the steam turbine utilizing the sintering waste heat, the steam turbine has low through-flow efficiency and low economical efficiency due to low steam parameters and low power.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: aiming at the existing problems, the system integrates a coal gas utilization power generation system and a sintering waste heat power generation system, and on the basis of the coal gas utilization power generation system, a special high-parameter, single-reheating and condensing steam turbine is adopted, the steam turbine is not provided with back-heating steam extraction, one part of steam generated by a sintering waste heat boiler is introduced into a back-heating system to heat water supply, and the other part of steam is used for driving a water supply pump steam turbine, so that the coal gas utilization power generation system and the sintering waste heat power generation system are combined into a whole.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a cascade comprehensive utilization system for waste heat in an iron-making process comprises a steam turbine and a generator coaxially assembled with the steam turbine, wherein the steam turbine comprises a high-pressure cylinder and a low-pressure cylinder;
the steam supply system is characterized by further comprising a gas boiler for supplying steam and a sintering waste heat boiler, wherein the steam inlet source of the high-pressure cylinder is derived from the gas boiler, the exhaust steam of the high-pressure cylinder enters the low-pressure cylinder after entering the gas boiler, the exhaust steam of the low-pressure cylinder enters the condenser, the water source of the gas boiler is derived from a first water supply pump, the first water supply pump passes through a water supply pump steam turbine, and the steam source of the water supply pump steam turbine is derived from the sintering waste heat boiler.
Furthermore, the water outlet end of the condenser is discharged through two paths, and the condenser comprises a first branch and a second branch, wherein the first branch enters the gas boiler to be heated to generate steam for the steam turbine, and the second branch enters the sintering waste heat boiler to be heated to generate steam.
Furthermore, be provided with the backheat system that is used for feedwater deoxidization and heating on the first branch road and be used for increasing the first water-feeding pump of feedwater pressure, after the condenser outflow is passed through to the feedwater, pressurize through the first water-feeding pump after backheat system heating and deoxidization and enter into gas boiler.
Further, the heat of the heat recovery system is derived from the steam outlet of the sintering waste heat boiler.
Furthermore, a flow regulating valve and a second water feed pump are arranged on the second branch, the flow regulating valve is used for controlling the flow of the water fed into the sintering waste heat boiler, and the second water feed pump is used for pressurizing the water fed.
Furthermore, the steam outlet of the sintering waste heat boiler is divided into two paths, wherein one path is communicated to the steam inlet of the water feeding pump steam turbine, and the other path is used for the heat utilization unit on the first branch.
Furthermore, the exhaust steam of the feed water pump turbine is communicated to the condenser and shares the same condenser with the turbine.
The iron-making process waste heat gradient comprehensive utilization method adopts the iron-making process waste heat gradient comprehensive utilization system, and comprises the following steps:
the coal gas boiler heats feed water, steam generated after the feed water is heated is sent to a high-pressure cylinder of the steam turbine to act, after acting, exhaust steam of the high-pressure cylinder sends the steam to the coal gas boiler to be reheated for one time, the steam enters a low-pressure cylinder of the steam turbine to act after being reheated for one time, and after acting, the exhaust steam of the low-pressure cylinder sends water vapor to a condenser, and condensed water is sent out after the condenser is condensed;
the output condensed water is divided into two paths, wherein one path is heated and deoxidized by a regenerative system, and then enters the gas boiler again after being pressurized by a first water feed pump; and the other path of the steam passes through a flow regulating valve and then enters a sintering waste heat boiler through a second water feeding pump to be heated, the generated steam is used for applying work to a water feeding pump turbine, the exhaust steam of the water feeding pump turbine is communicated to a condenser, and the water feeding pump turbine drives a first water feeding pump to operate.
Further, the heat energy of the heat regenerative system is derived from a sintering waste heat boiler.
Furthermore, in the whole system starting process, the sintering waste heat boiler is started firstly, and steam is generated to drive a water feeding pump steam turbine, so that water feeding and blowing of the gas boiler are realized.
In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention discloses a waste heat gradient comprehensive utilization system and method for an iron-making process. By adopting the high-parameter single reheating steam turbine, the investment of a steam turbine, a generator, a control system, a steam-water system, a lubricating oil system, a steam turbine workshop and an electrical system of a traditional sintering waste heat utilization system can be saved. And the reheating turbine is not provided with a backheating steam extraction pipeline, so that a large amount of backheating steam extraction pipelines can be saved. Because steam is not extracted from the reheating turbine any more, all the steam generated by the gas boiler enters the turbine, and the generating capacity of the turbine is improved.
Drawings
The invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention.
The mark in the figure is: the method comprises the following steps of 1-a steam turbine, 2-a generator, 3-a condenser, 4-a flow regulating valve, 5-a heat return system, 6-a first water feed pump, 7-a second water feed pump, 8-a water feed pump steam turbine, 9-a sintering waste heat boiler and 10-a gas boiler.
Detailed Description
All of the features disclosed in this specification, or all of the steps of any method or process so disclosed, may be combined in any combination, except combinations of features and/or steps that are mutually exclusive.
Any feature disclosed in this specification may be replaced by alternative features serving equivalent or similar purposes, unless expressly stated otherwise. That is, unless expressly stated otherwise, each feature is only an example of a generic series of equivalent or similar features.
Example 1
A cascade comprehensive utilization system for waste heat in an iron-making process is shown in figure 1 and comprises a steam turbine 1 and a generator 2 coaxially assembled with the steam turbine, wherein the steam turbine 1 comprises a high-pressure cylinder and a low-pressure cylinder;
the steam-fired sintering system is characterized by further comprising a gas boiler 10 and a sintering waste heat boiler 9, wherein steam inlet sources of the high-pressure cylinders are derived from the gas boiler 10, exhaust steam of the high-pressure cylinders enters the gas boiler 10 and then enters the low-pressure cylinders, exhaust steam of the low-pressure cylinders enters the condenser 3, water sources of the gas boiler 10 are derived from a first water-feeding pump 6, the first water-feeding pump 6 passes through a water-feeding pump turbine 8, and steam of the water-feeding pump turbine 8 is derived from the sintering waste heat boiler 9.
In the embodiment, a gas boiler 10 heats feed water, steam generated after the feed water is heated is sent to a high-pressure cylinder of a steam turbine 1 to act, after acting, exhaust steam of the high-pressure cylinder sends the steam to the gas boiler 10 to be reheated for one time, the steam enters a low-pressure cylinder of the steam turbine to act after being reheated for one time, and after acting, the exhaust steam of the low-pressure cylinder sends water vapor to a condenser 3 and is condensed by the condenser 3, and condensed water is sent out; meanwhile, sintering waste heat is utilized by means of a sintering waste heat boiler 9 and is used for driving a water feeding pump steam turbine 8 to realize driving of a first water feeding pump 6, full utilization of different-grade heat energy in an iron making process is achieved, whole heat utilization can be completed by adopting a single steam turbine, accordingly, reduction of whole system accessories is effectively achieved, heat is fully utilized for power generation, and higher heat utilization rate and more economic unit cost are achieved.
On the basis of the above specific design, as a more detailed description, the steam turbine is a reheat steam turbine, and is a high-parameter once-reheat steam turbine, and there is no regenerative extraction steam.
Based on the design of above-mentioned concrete structure, further design, the play water end of condenser 3 is discharged through two routes, including first branch road and second branch road, and wherein first branch road enters into and heats in the gas pot and produce steam and be used for the steam turbine, and the second branch road enters into sintering exhaust-heat boiler 9 and heats and produce steam. On the basis of the design, the internal circulation of the whole system can be fully realized, and the energy loss of the external discharge of the internal loop of the whole system is reduced.
In a further design, on the basis of the specific structural design, the first branch is provided with a heat recovery system 5 for supplying water, deoxidizing and heating, and a first water supply pump 6 for increasing the pressure of the supplied water, and the supplied water is pressurized and enters the gas boiler 10 through the first water supply pump 6 after being heated and deoxidized by the heat recovery system 5 after flowing out of the condenser 3. In the process of discharging the condensed water, the energy in the condensed water can be fully utilized, and a subsequent process with higher efficiency is realized.
As a more specific design, the heat of the regenerative system 5 is derived from the steam of the sintering waste heat boiler 9. In the design, all heat energy in the whole system is fully utilized, and all residual heat in the iron-making process can be fully utilized.
Based on the above specific structural design, more specifically design, be provided with flow control valve 4 and second feed pump 7 on the second branch road, through flow control valve 4 controls the feedwater flow that gets into sintering exhaust-heat boiler 9 to pressurize for the feedwater through second feed pump 7. As a specific design, a regulating valve is arranged on a water supply pipeline of the sintering waste heat boiler 9 to finish water supply distribution adaptive to the load of the waste heat boiler.
In the above specific structural design, the steam outlet of the sintering waste heat boiler 9 is divided into two paths, wherein one path is communicated to the steam inlet of the water feeding pump turbine 8, and the other path is used for the heat utilization unit on the first branch. And the thermal unit on the first pass is the regenerative system 5.
More specifically, the exhaust steam of the feed pump turbine 8 is communicated to the condenser 3, and shares the same condenser 3 with the turbine.
In the above specific structural design, the coal gas utilization unit and the sintering waste heat utilization unit are provided with different boilers, but share a steam circulation system except for the boiler. More specifically, the steam turbine may be a double-cylinder double-rotor structure or a single-cylinder single-rotor structure. Similarly, the sintering exhaust-heat boiler 9 may be a dual pressure boiler, and the steam of different quality enters different low pressure heaters or deaerators.
Example 2
On the basis of the design of the embodiment 1, aiming at the iron-making process waste heat gradient comprehensive utilization system, the iron-making process waste heat gradient comprehensive utilization method is provided, and specifically comprises the following steps:
the gas boiler 10 heats the feed water, the steam generated after the feed water is heated is sent to a high-pressure cylinder of the steam turbine 1 to act, after acting, the exhaust steam of the high-pressure cylinder sends the steam to the gas boiler 10 to be reheated for one time, the steam enters a low-pressure cylinder of the steam turbine 1 to act after being reheated for one time, after acting, the exhaust steam of the low-pressure cylinder sends the steam into a condenser 3, and after being condensed by the condenser 3, condensed water is sent out;
the output condensed water is divided into two paths, wherein one path is heated and deoxidized by a regenerative system 5, and then enters a gas boiler 10 again after being pressurized by a first water supply pump 6; and the other path of the steam passes through a flow regulating valve 4 and then enters a sintering waste heat boiler 9 through a second water feeding pump 7 for heating, the generated steam is used for applying work to a water feeding pump turbine 8, the exhaust steam of the water feeding pump turbine 8 is communicated to a condenser 3, and a first water feeding pump 6 is driven to operate through the water feeding pump turbine 8.
In order to achieve a better internal circulation effect, more specifically, the heat energy of the heat recovery system 5 is derived from a sintering waste heat boiler 9. Of course, in the specific operation of the above process, the exhaust steam of the feed pump turbine 8 and the exhaust steam of the turbine share one condenser 3, thereby achieving the recycling of the internal energy.
In the above specific process operation, there is a further consideration in the start-up of the whole system, as a more specific design, in the whole system start-up process, the sintering exhaust-heat boiler 9 is started first, and the generated steam drives the feed pump turbine 8, so as to realize the water supply and the blow pipe of the gas boiler 10.
In summary, the iron-making process waste heat gradient comprehensive utilization system and method of the present invention integrates the traditional coal gas utilization power generation unit and the sintering waste heat utilization power generation unit into one system by using one iron-making process waste heat gradient comprehensive utilization system. By adopting the high-parameter single reheating steam turbine, the investment of a steam turbine, a generator, a control system, a steam-water system, a lubricating oil system, a steam turbine plant and an electrical system of a traditional sintering waste heat utilization system can be saved. And the reheating turbine is not provided with a backheating steam extraction pipeline, so that a large amount of backheating steam extraction pipelines can be saved. Because steam is not extracted from the reheating turbine any more, all the steam generated by the gas boiler enters the turbine, and the generating capacity of the turbine is improved.
The invention is not limited to the foregoing embodiments. The invention extends to any novel feature or any novel combination of features disclosed in this specification and any novel method or process steps or any novel combination of features disclosed.
Claims (10)
1. A waste heat cascade comprehensive utilization system of an iron-making process is characterized in that: the system comprises a steam turbine and a generator coaxially assembled with the steam turbine, wherein the steam turbine comprises a high-pressure cylinder and a low-pressure cylinder;
the steam supply system is characterized by further comprising a gas boiler for supplying steam and a sintering waste heat boiler, wherein the steam inlet source of the high-pressure cylinder is derived from the gas boiler, the exhaust steam of the high-pressure cylinder enters the low-pressure cylinder after entering the gas boiler, the exhaust steam of the low-pressure cylinder enters the condenser, the water source of the gas boiler is derived from a first water supply pump, the first water supply pump passes through a water supply pump steam turbine, and the steam source of the water supply pump steam turbine is derived from the sintering waste heat boiler.
2. The iron-making process waste heat cascade comprehensive utilization system of claim 1, characterized in that: the water outlet end of the condenser is discharged through two paths and comprises a first branch and a second branch, wherein the first branch enters the gas boiler to be heated to generate steam for the steam turbine, and the second branch enters the sintering waste heat boiler to be heated to generate steam.
3. The iron-making process waste heat gradient comprehensive utilization system according to claim 2, characterized in that: the first branch is provided with the backheat system that is used for feedwater deoxidization and heating and is used for increasing the first water-feeding pump of feedwater pressure on the way, after the condenser outflow is passed through in the feedwater, pressurize through first water-feeding pump and enter into gas boiler after backheat system heating and deoxidization.
4. The iron-making process waste heat cascade comprehensive utilization system of claim 3, characterized in that: the heat of the heat return system is derived from the steam discharged from the sintering waste heat boiler.
5. The iron-making process waste heat cascade comprehensive utilization system as claimed in claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: and a flow regulating valve and a second water feeding pump are arranged on the second branch, the flow regulating valve is used for controlling the water feeding flow entering the sintering waste heat boiler, and the second water feeding pump is used for pressurizing the water feeding.
6. The iron-making process waste heat cascade comprehensive utilization system of claim 2, characterized in that: the steam outlet of the sintering waste heat boiler is divided into two paths, wherein one path is communicated to the steam inlet of the water feeding pump steam turbine, and the other path is used for the heat utilization unit on the first branch.
7. The iron-making process waste heat cascade comprehensive utilization system as claimed in claim 1 or 6, characterized in that: and the exhaust steam of the water feeding pump turbine is communicated to the condenser and shares the same condenser with the turbine.
8. An iron-making process waste heat gradient comprehensive utilization method, which adopts the iron-making process waste heat gradient comprehensive utilization system of any one of claims 1 to 7, and is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps: the coal gas boiler heats feed water, steam generated after the feed water is heated is sent to a high-pressure cylinder of the steam turbine to act, after acting, exhaust steam of the high-pressure cylinder sends the steam to the coal gas boiler to be reheated for one time, the steam enters a low-pressure cylinder of the steam turbine to act after being reheated for one time, and after acting, the exhaust steam of the low-pressure cylinder sends water vapor to a condenser, and condensed water is sent out after the condenser is condensed;
the output condensed water is divided into two paths, wherein one path is heated and deoxidized by a regenerative system, and then enters the gas boiler again after being pressurized by a first water feed pump; and the other path of steam passes through a flow regulating valve and then enters the sintering waste heat boiler through a second water feeding pump to be heated, the generated steam is used for applying work to a water feeding pump turbine, the exhaust steam of the water feeding pump turbine is communicated to a condenser, and the first water feeding pump is driven to operate through the water feeding pump turbine.
9. The iron-making process waste heat gradient comprehensive utilization method as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that: the heat energy of the heat regenerative system is derived from a sintering waste heat boiler.
10. The iron-making process waste heat gradient comprehensive utilization method as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that: in the whole system starting process, the sintering waste heat boiler is started firstly, and steam is generated to drive the water feeding pump steam turbine, so that water feeding and blowing pipes of the gas boiler are realized.
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