CN115851271A - Preparation method of nitrogen-doped fluorescent carbon dots - Google Patents

Preparation method of nitrogen-doped fluorescent carbon dots Download PDF

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CN115851271A
CN115851271A CN202310131658.5A CN202310131658A CN115851271A CN 115851271 A CN115851271 A CN 115851271A CN 202310131658 A CN202310131658 A CN 202310131658A CN 115851271 A CN115851271 A CN 115851271A
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nitrogen
preparation
precursors
citric acid
fluorescent carbon
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CN115851271B (en
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詹菲
姜占昊
王士恺
邱介山
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Beijing University of Chemical Technology
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Beijing University of Chemical Technology
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Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of carbon-based material preparation, and particularly discloses a preparation method of nitrogen-doped fluorescent carbon dots. The method comprises the following steps: the carbon dots are obtained by taking anhydrous citric acid and sodium dicyandiamide as precursors, mixing the precursors according to a certain proportion, dissolving the precursors in water or ethanol, stirring the precursors to dissolve the precursors, then carrying out hydrothermal reaction on the precursors in a hydrothermal kettle, and centrifuging, dialyzing, freeze-drying and grinding the precursors. The carbon dots prepared by the method have small particle size and high fluorescence intensity, nitrogen doping is introduced, the preparation method is simple, no peculiar smell is generated in the preparation process, and the preparation time is short. The advantages enable the material to have wider application prospects in the fields of electrochemistry, material modification and the like.

Description

Preparation method of nitrogen-doped fluorescent carbon dots
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of carbon dot preparation, and particularly relates to a preparation method of nitrogen-doped fluorescent carbon dots.
Background
Carbon Dots (CDs) refer to spheroidal Carbon nanoparticles having a size of less than 10 nm. Compared with the common nano material, the size of the carbon dot as the zero-dimensional material is less than 10 nm, the structure is simple, and the zero-dimensional material generally consists of a carbonaceous core and a surface functional group. Compared with the traditional semiconductor quantum dots, the CDs not only have excellent optical performance and good chemical stability, but also have the advantages of low cytotoxicity, good biocompatibility, easy large-scale synthesis and surface functional modification, low preparation cost and the like. CDs also have various functional groups on their surface, such as carboxyl, hydroxyl, amino, etc., which facilitate their functional modification. Currently, CDs have been widely used in the fields of biomedicine, drug delivery, biological detection, cell imaging, energy application, etc. due to their excellent physicochemical properties.
The nitrogen-doped carbon dots can be prepared by a top-down preparation method or a bottom-up preparation method, and the nitrogen-doped carbon dots can be prepared by a bottom-up chemical synthesis method which is simpler than a top-down chemical oxidation stripping method, for example, citric acid is used as a carbon chain, and ethylenediamine, urea or phenylenediamine is used as a nitrogen source. However, most of the nitrogen sources used in the traditional preparation process are organic matters with amino groups, and because certain pungent odor exists in the preparation process due to the existence of amino functional groups, the nitrogen sources are not beneficial to large-scale and industrial production from the safety perspective and the environmental protection perspective. And because the electronegativity of the cyano group is strong, a cyano functional group can be grafted on a carbon point while introducing a nitrogen element, and the further application is facilitated.
Therefore, it is an urgent technical problem to be solved by those skilled in the art to provide a method for preparing nitrogen-doped fluorescent carbon dots, which is simple and convenient to operate, has no pungent odor in the preparation process, and has excellent fluorescence performance.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a method for preparing nitrogen-doped fluorescent carbon dots, which aims at the defects existing in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of nitrogen-doped fluorescent carbon dots comprises the following steps: dissolving anhydrous citric acid and sodium dicyandiamide in water, stirring the mixture in a hydrothermal kettle for reaction, and then centrifuging, dialyzing and freeze-drying the mixture to obtain the carbon dots.
In the invention, a cyano group is used as a nitrogen source to introduce nitrogen element, citric acid and sodium dicyanamide are used as raw materials, and the nitrogen connected with the cyano group on the sodium dicyanamide is negatively charged, so that the positively charged carbon on the carboxyl group of the citric acid can be attacked, and the hydroxyl group can be replaced by the carbon similar to an amide reaction. Secondly, the carbon in the cyano-anion can perform nucleophilic addition reaction with carbonyl, so that the reaction of citric acid and sodium dicyandiamide becomes possible, the nitrogen-doped fluorescent carbon dots can be easily obtained by treating the carbon in the cyano-anion and the carbonyl through a simple hydrothermal method, the preparation process is simple, the time consumption is short, and no pungent smell exists, so that the method is vital to the application of CDs in various fields, and is favorable for industrial popularization and application.
As a preferable scheme of the preparation method of the nitrogen-doped fluorescent carbon dot, the molar ratio of the anhydrous citric acid to the sodium dicyandiamide is 1 to 1.
As a preferable scheme of the preparation method of the nitrogen-doped fluorescent carbon dot, the reaction temperature in a hydrothermal kettle is 140-200 ℃, and the reaction time is 4-12 h. Preferably, the hydrothermal reaction temperature is 160 ℃ and the reaction time is 4 h.
As a preferable embodiment of the method for preparing the nitrogen-doped fluorescent carbon dot, the specific operations of dissolving anhydrous citric acid and sodium dicyandiamide in water are as follows:
dissolving anhydrous citric acid in water, stirring to dissolve completely, adding sodium dicyandiamide, and stirring to dissolve completely.
As a preferable scheme of the preparation method of the nitrogen-doped fluorescent carbon dot, the centrifugal rotation speed is 7000 to 9000 rpm, and the centrifugal time is 5 to 10 min.
As a preferable scheme of the preparation method of the nitrogen-doped fluorescent carbon dot, the dialysis operation specifically comprises:
and (4) dialyzing the supernatant after centrifugation for 72-96 h in a dialysis bag with the molecular weight cutoff of 3500 Da.
As a preferable scheme of the preparation method of the nitrogen-doped fluorescent carbon dot, the freeze drying is to transfer the nitrogen-doped fluorescent carbon dot to a freeze dryer for drying for 48 to 72 hours at-60 to-70 ℃ after being frozen in a refrigerator.
According to the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the preparation method of the nitrogen-doped fluorescent carbon dot has the following excellent effects:
the carbon dots prepared by the method have the advantages of fluorescence characteristic, realization of nitrogen element doping and high fluorescence intensity. The carbon dot has the advantages of low cost of raw materials, simple preparation method, no peculiar smell in the preparation process and short preparation time. These advantages make it promising for mass production and further application in various fields.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is an X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) pattern of CDs.
FIG. 2 is a Fourier Transform-induced spectroscopy (FT-IR) plot of CDs.
FIG. 3 is a Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) image and a particle size distribution chart (a-d) of CDs.
FIG. 4 is a C, O, N element map of CDs.
FIG. 5 is a diagram of the UV-visible spectrum (UV-vis) of CDs.
FIG. 6 is a graph of the excitation spectrum of CDs.
FIG. 7 is a graph of the emission spectrum of CDs.
FIG. 8 is a graph of the triad spectra of FIGS. 5-7, with the upper left inset showing CDs before and after irradiation with 365nm UV light.
FIG. 9 is a schematic representation of the room temperature preparation of CDs solution in different solvents and under 365nm UV lamp irradiation.
FIG. 10 is a schematic representation of the room temperature preparation of CDs solutions at different citric acid to sodium dicyandiamide molar ratios.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely in the following description with reference to the embodiments of the present invention and the accompanying drawings, and it is to be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any creative effort based on the embodiments in the present invention, belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention discloses a preparation method of nitrogen-doped fluorescent carbon dots.
The present invention will be further specifically illustrated by the following examples for better understanding, but the present invention is not to be construed as being limited thereto, and certain insubstantial modifications and adaptations of the invention by those skilled in the art based on the foregoing disclosure are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
The technical solution of the present invention will be further described with reference to the following specific examples.
Example 1
Weighing 2.15g of anhydrous citric acid, dissolving the anhydrous citric acid in 50 mL deionized water, stirring to fully dissolve the anhydrous citric acid, adding 3 g sodium dicyandiamide, stirring to fully dissolve the anhydrous citric acid, carrying out proper ultrasound, placing the solution in a 100 mL hydrothermal reaction kettle to react at 160 ℃ for 4 h, naturally cooling to room temperature, taking out the obtained liquid, carrying out centrifugal operation on the liquid, carrying out centrifugation at 8000 rpm for 5 min, further treating the supernatant after centrifugation, carrying out dialysis treatment on 72 h in a dialysis bag with molecular weight cutoff of 3500 Da, freezing the solution in the dialysis bag after dialysis, and drying 48 h in a freeze dryer to obtain solid powder, namely carbon dots.
The XRD test result of CDs is shown in figure 1, and the XRD pattern of CDs is shown in 23 DEG There is a broad peak corresponding to the (002) crystal plane of the graphite structure.
The FT-IR test results of CDs are shown in FIG. 2, and the IR spectrum of CDs shows that a plurality of characteristic peaks exist, and oxygen-hydrogen bonds, carbon-nitrogen triple bonds, carbon-carbon single bonds and carbon-nitrogen single bond functional groups exist, so that the successful introduction of nitrogen elements is indicated.
A TEM image and a particle size distribution graph (a-d) of CDs, an element mapping graph of C, O, N, and a TEM test result of fig. 3,d show that the prepared CDs have a particle size of about 2-3nm and a small size of the particle size, and further confirm that the lattice fringes are 0.21 nm, which corresponds to the 100 crystal plane of graphene, further indicating that the nanoparticles are carbon dots. Fig. 4 shows the elemental mapping of its C, O, N, from which a uniform distribution of its oxygen and nitrogen elements can be observed, further illustrating the successful incorporation of the nitrogen element.
UV-vis diagram, excitation spectrum diagram and emission spectrum diagram of CDs.
The test results are shown in fig. 8, fig. 8 is a three-in-one spectrum diagram of fig. 5-fig. 7, and it can be seen from the upper left inset that the prepared CDs is colorless, clear and transparent solution under visible light, and the CDs solution exhibits bright blue fluorescence after being irradiated by a 365nm ultraviolet lamp. As can be seen from the green curve of FIG. 8, when the excitation wavelength is 370 nm, the emission peak of CDs is strongest near 442 nm, indicating that the CDs prepared by the method exhibit blue fluorescence and high fluorescence intensity.
The carbon dots prepared by the method have small particle size and high fluorescence intensity, can emit bright blue fluorescence under ultraviolet irradiation, realize nitrogen doping, have low preparation cost, simple preparation method, no peculiar smell in the preparation process and short preparation time, and have the advantages of hopeful large-scale production and further application in various fields.
Example 2 to example 6
Weighing 0.5 g anhydrous citric acid, dissolving in 50 mL deionized water, stirring to fully dissolve the citric acid, then adding sodium dicyandiamide according to the molar ratio of the citric acid to sodium dicyandiamide of 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, 1:5 and 1:6 to carry out five groups of experiments, placing the mixture in a 100 mL hydrothermal reaction kettle to react at 160 ℃ for 4 h after the mixture is dissolved, taking out the obtained liquid after naturally cooling to room temperature, and gradually changing the color of the mixture from dark green to dark yellow along with the increase of the amount of sodium dicyandiamide as shown in figure 10. Centrifuging at 8000 rpm for 5 min, collecting supernatant, dialyzing in dialysis bag with molecular weight cutoff of 3500 Da to obtain 72 h, and retaining the solution in the dialysis bag after dialysis. The five experiments can emit blue fluorescence under the irradiation of an ultraviolet lamp, which indicates that the blue fluorescent carbon dots can be prepared under the research condition.
In addition, to further verify the feasibility of the technology of the present invention, the inventors have also performed the following experiments:
study example 1
Weighing 2.1 g anhydrous citric acid, dissolving in 50 mL deionized water, stirring to fully dissolve, then adding 1.8 g ethylenediamine, dissolving to fully dissolve, performing appropriate ultrasound, placing the solution in a 100 mL hydrothermal reaction kettle at 200 ℃ to react for 24 h, naturally cooling to room temperature, taking out the obtained liquid, performing centrifugal operation on the liquid at the rotation speed of 10000 rpm for 10 min, centrifuging, taking supernatant for further treatment, dialyzing 72 h in a dialysis bag with the molecular weight cutoff of 3500 Da, and reserving the solution in the dialysis bag after dialysis.
According to the test method in example 1, the carbon dot solution of research example 1 shows blue fluorescence under the irradiation of an ultraviolet lamp, which indicates that nitrogen-doped fluorescent carbon dots can be prepared under the research condition by adopting anhydrous citric acid and ethylenediamine as raw materials.
Study example 2
Weighing 0.1 g anhydrous citric acid, dissolving in 50 mL deionized water, stirring to fully dissolve, adding 0.3 g o-phenylenediamine, dissolving to fully dissolve, performing proper ultrasound, placing the solution in a 100 mL hydrothermal reaction kettle for 8 h at 180 ℃, naturally cooling to room temperature, taking out the obtained liquid, performing centrifugal operation on the liquid at the rotation speed of 10000 rpm for 10 min, centrifuging, taking supernatant for further treatment, dialyzing 72 h in a dialysis bag with the molecular weight cutoff of 3500 Da, and reserving the solution in the dialysis bag after dialysis.
According to the test method in example 1, the carbon dot solution of research example 2 exhibits blue fluorescence under the irradiation of an ultraviolet lamp, which indicates that nitrogen-doped fluorescent carbon dots can be prepared under the research conditions by using anhydrous citric acid and o-phenylenediamine as raw materials.
Study example 3
Weighing 2.1 g anhydrous citric acid, dissolving in 50 mL deionized water, stirring to fully dissolve the citric acid, then adding 1.8 g urea, dissolving to fully dissolve the citric acid, performing proper ultrasound, placing the solution in a 100 mL hydrothermal reaction kettle for reacting at the temperature of 4 h at 160 ℃, naturally cooling to room temperature, taking out the obtained liquid, performing centrifugation operation on the liquid at the rotation speed of 8000 rpm for 5 min, taking out the supernatant after centrifugation, performing dialysis treatment on the supernatant in a dialysis bag with the molecular weight cutoff of 3500 Da at the speed of 72 h, and keeping the solution in the dialysis bag after the dialysis is finished.
According to the test method in example 1, the carbon dot solution of research example 3 exhibits blue fluorescence under the irradiation of an ultraviolet lamp, which indicates that nitrogen-doped fluorescent carbon dots can be prepared under the research conditions by using anhydrous citric acid and urea as raw materials.
Study example 4
Weighing four groups of 1 g anhydrous citric acid, respectively dissolving the four groups of anhydrous citric acid in 30 mL deionized water, ethanol, DMF and glycerol, stirring to fully dissolve the citric acid, then adding 0.46 g sodium dicyanamide according to the molar ratio of the citric acid to the sodium dicyanamide of 1:1, carrying out four groups of comparative experiments, stirring and ultrasonically dissolving the citric acid and the sodium dicyanamide fully, placing the mixture into a 50 mL hydrothermal reaction kettle to react at 200 ℃ for 12 h, naturally cooling to room temperature, and taking out the obtained liquid, wherein the two groups of the solution of water and ethanol are yellow, and the other two groups are gray black. Then, the mixture is centrifuged for 5 min at 8000 rpm, the supernatant is dialyzed in a dialysis bag with molecular weight cutoff of 3500 Da for 72 h, and the solution in the dialysis bag is reserved after the dialysis.
As shown in fig. 9, both the CDs solution with solvent water and ethanol can emit bright blue fluorescence under the irradiation of an ultraviolet lamp, the blue fluorescence with solvent DMF is dark, and the fluorescence with solvent glycerol is dark green. This indicates to some extent that the carbon dot sizes obtained in different solvents may not be the same and that the colour and intensity of the fluorescence changes under uv lamp illumination.
In conclusion, the carbon dots prepared by the method disclosed by the invention are small in particle size and high in fluorescence intensity, can emit fluorescence under ultraviolet irradiation, are especially bright in blue fluorescence, are doped with nitrogen, are low in preparation raw material cost, simple and convenient in preparation method, free of peculiar smell in the preparation process and short in preparation time, and have the advantages that the carbon dots are expected to be produced in a large scale and are further applied to various fields.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims (7)

1. A preparation method of a nitrogen-doped fluorescent carbon dot is characterized by comprising the following steps:
dissolving anhydrous citric acid and sodium dicyandiamide in water or ethanol, then carrying out hydrothermal reaction, and obtaining the carbon dots after centrifugation, dialysis, freeze drying and grinding.
2. The method for preparing nitrogen-doped fluorescent carbon dots according to claim 1, wherein the operation of dissolving anhydrous citric acid and sodium dicyandiamide in water is as follows:
dissolving anhydrous citric acid in water, stirring to dissolve, adding dicyandiamide sodium, and stirring to dissolve.
3. The method for preparing the nitrogen-doped fluorescent carbon dot according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the molar ratio of the anhydrous citric acid to the sodium dicyandiamide is 1 to 1.
4. The method for preparing the nitrogen-doped fluorescent carbon dot according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the hydrothermal reaction temperature is 140-200 ℃ and the reaction time is 4-12 h.
5. The method for preparing the nitrogen-doped fluorescent carbon dot as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the centrifugal speed is 7000 to 9000 rpm, and the centrifugal time is 5 to 10 min.
6. The method for preparing nitrogen-doped fluorescent carbon dots according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the dialysis operation is as follows:
the supernatant after centrifugation was dialyzed 72-96 h in dialysis bag with molecular weight cut-off of 3500 Da.
7. The method for preparing the nitrogen-doped fluorescent carbon dot according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the temperature of the freeze drying is-60 to-70 ℃, and the time is 48 to 72 hours.
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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117088361A (en) * 2023-10-20 2023-11-21 北京化工大学 Needle-shaped Jiao Jitan point and preparation method and application of hydrogel composite material thereof

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CN104909349A (en) * 2015-05-27 2015-09-16 南昌大学 Nitrogen-doped fluorescent carbon dot preparation method
CN109369185A (en) * 2018-09-26 2019-02-22 南通大学 A kind of preparation method of nitrogen-doped graphene complex carbon material
CN111659436A (en) * 2020-05-19 2020-09-15 中国科学院山西煤炭化学研究所 Electronegative heteroatom-transition metal co-doped carbon-based non-noble metal electrocatalyst and preparation method thereof
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104194772A (en) * 2014-08-25 2014-12-10 桂林理工大学 Fluorescent material [CuNa(ehbd)2(dca)(CH3OH)] and synthesis method thereof
CN104909349A (en) * 2015-05-27 2015-09-16 南昌大学 Nitrogen-doped fluorescent carbon dot preparation method
CN109369185A (en) * 2018-09-26 2019-02-22 南通大学 A kind of preparation method of nitrogen-doped graphene complex carbon material
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117088361A (en) * 2023-10-20 2023-11-21 北京化工大学 Needle-shaped Jiao Jitan point and preparation method and application of hydrogel composite material thereof

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