CN115846680A - Anti-rotation liner additive manufacturing method with variable density distribution - Google Patents
Anti-rotation liner additive manufacturing method with variable density distribution Download PDFInfo
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- CN115846680A CN115846680A CN202211486914.4A CN202211486914A CN115846680A CN 115846680 A CN115846680 A CN 115846680A CN 202211486914 A CN202211486914 A CN 202211486914A CN 115846680 A CN115846680 A CN 115846680A
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Abstract
A manufacturing method of an anti-rotation liner additive material with variable density distribution comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of dividing a liner structure into a plurality of slice structures along the axial direction, dividing each slice structure into a plurality of circumferential repeating areas, finally subdividing each repeating area into a plurality of characteristic units, and preparing the liner by adopting an LMD powder feeding additive manufacturing technology. The method of the invention can lead the traditional axisymmetric shaped charge liner to have certain anti-rotation performance, and has high material utilization rate and short preparation period, thereby being convenient for popularization and use in the field of shaped charge liner preparation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of material preparation and additive manufacturing, in particular to a material additive manufacturing method for an anti-rotation liner with variable density distribution, which can be particularly applied to the fields of anti-rotation liners, liner preparation with special-shaped structural characteristics and the like.
Background
The armor-breaking warhead is an important sharp tool for striking a heavy armor protection target, the charge of the armor-breaking warhead adopts an energy-gathering structure, detonation products after charge initiation extrude a metal shaped charge cover material to an axis and collide at high speed to form energy-gathering jet flow moving at high speed, and the jet flow can form a high-temperature, high-pressure and high-stress rate three-high region when contacting with the target, so that the target plate material quickly loses efficacy and flows in a fluid form, and under the condition, the penetration depth of the jet flow on the target can reach several times of the charge caliber.
When the rifling gun is used for shooting, the warhead performs spinning motion around the axis after being taken out of the chamber so as to maintain flight stability, and therefore the hitting precision is improved. When the traditional armor-breaking warhead is designed, the liner is mostly of an axisymmetric structure, and when the warhead is subjected to power evaluation, the main charge is detonated under a static condition instead of a self-rotating state, the formed jet flow is collimated, and the traditional armor-breaking warhead has high penetration capability. However, in actual application in a battlefield, the spinning motion of the warhead can generate centrifugal stress in the jet flow, so that materials are splashed to the periphery, and the penetration power of the jet flow is greatly reduced. Therefore, it is necessary to design a liner capable of counteracting the spinning motion to improve the penetration power of the jet in the spinning state.
The principle of the current anti-rotation liner is that the inner and outer sides of the liner are processed into a structure with periodically changing wall thickness, which causes the liner material to obtain periodically changing radial velocity gradient in the process of extrusion of detonation products, thereby introducing circumferential momentum to offset the moment of inertia of the liner material along the axis, fig. 1-1 is an overall schematic view of the anti-rotation liner with groove structure on the inner and outer sides in the prior art, fig. 1-2 is a cross-sectional view of the liner before explosive loading,ω 1 which is the direction of spin of the liner, fig. 1-3 show cross-sectional views of the liner after detonation of the charge,ω 2 direction of angular velocity for detonationω 1 . However, the shaped charge cover has a complex structure, the charge process can only adopt an injection charge mode, and the density of the injection charge is lower than that of the pressed charge, so that the charge energy release rate is limited. In addition, in the case of the present invention,in the injection process, shrinkage cavities, flaws and other charge defects are easily formed at the grooves, so that the charge safety is greatly reduced. Therefore, a liner with smooth outer surface and anti-rotation capability needs to be designed to meet the battlefield requirements.
Besides the adoption of a structure with periodically changed wall thickness, the density distribution of the liner can be changed on the basis of the traditional axisymmetric liner structure, so that the liner has a radial velocity gradient in the crushing process. However, this design is difficult to achieve with conventional processes, thus hindering the development of spin resistant liners.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a preparation method of an anti-rotation liner with variable density distribution by adopting a Laser Metal Deposition (LMD) technology based on an additive manufacturing principle aiming at the technical defects mentioned in the background technology, so as to prepare an axisymmetric liner with smooth outer surface and anti-rotation capability, and has important military significance and application value for improving the penetration capability of a broken armor warhead.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a method for manufacturing an anti-spinning liner additive with variable density distribution comprises the following steps:
(1) Hierarchical slice analysis of the geometry; subdividing the geometric configuration of the liner into multiple layers of slices along the axis of the liner;
(2) Dividing a circumferential repeating area; determining the number of repeated areas on each layer of the sliced structure after the step (1) is finished;
(3) Dividing a characteristic unit; each repeating area is subdivided into a plurality of characteristic units, and the geometric parameters and the material density of each characteristic unit are adjusted to regulate and control the density distribution of the liner;
repeating the steps (2) and (3), and subdividing the whole liner into a plurality of characteristic units;
(4) An additive manufacturing process; and finally, splicing, preparing and molding the plurality of characteristic units finished in the step (3).
As a preferable technical scheme: is suitable for preparing axisymmetric shaped charge liners of various shapes.
As a preferred technical scheme: the liner has a variable wall thickness.
As a preferred technical scheme: and (4) adopting a powder feeding type laser melting deposition technology as an additive manufacturing technology in the preparation process of the step (4).
As a preferred technical scheme: at least two kinds of metal powder are used in the preparation process of the step (4).
As a preferred technical scheme: the thickness of each layer of slices in the step (1) depends on the geometrical characteristic size of the powder and the specific processing requirement, and is adjusted according to the requirement in the preparation process of the step (4).
As a preferred technical scheme: in the step (2), the determined repetition region is a sector structure distributed along the circumference; angular sector of annularαMaintaining constant value throughout the preparation process, and repeating the circumferential repeat area in number of 360%αAnd calculating to obtain.
As a preferable technical scheme: in the step (3), the dividing mode of the characteristic unit comprises a strip type and a net type; the main parameter of the stripe-shaped characteristic unit division mode is the peripheral angleβThe main parameter of the net-shaped characteristic unit division mode is the peripheral angleγWidth of sum diameterr。
As a preferred technical scheme: the material packing density of each of the feature cells is the same.
As a preferable technical scheme: the arrangement density of the characteristic units in each repeating area is distributed in a gradually changing manner along the circumferential direction and the radial direction.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the method is suitable for preparing the liner with various shapes, the geometric shape of the liner is still in an axisymmetric structure, and the original charging structure of the warhead is not required to be changed, so that the prepared anti-rotation liner and the charging have good structural matching;
2. the liner with variable density distribution can generate radial velocity gradient in the crushing process, so that the liner is dislocated in the gathering process, circumferential impulse is introduced, the spinning motion of the liner is counteracted, the geometric configuration of the liner is subjected to layered slice analysis before processing by using the additive manufacturing principle, then the slice structure of each layer is subdivided into a plurality of characteristic units, and the density distribution of the liner is changed by controlling the material density of each characteristic unit;
3. the slice analysis method and the characteristic unit method used by the invention can be used for quickly preparing the metal shaped charge liner with variable density distribution under the support of the additive manufacturing technology, and the working efficiency is high;
4. the invention adopts the laser melting deposition technology, and the conveying speed of different component powders can be adjusted in the powder feeding process so as to regulate and control the material ratio of each characteristic unit, thereby achieving the purpose of regulating and controlling the density of the formed part;
5. the invention adjusts the anti-rotation capability of the shaped charge liner by changing the geometric parameters and the density gradient of the characteristic units.
Drawings
Fig. 1-1 is an overall schematic view of a rotation-resistant liner of the prior art, in which the inner side and the outer side are both in a groove structure.
Fig. 1-2 are sectional views of a prior art liner before detonation of a swirl-resistant liner charge with both inside and outside grooved structures.
FIGS. 1-3 are cross-sectional views of a prior art liner after detonation of a powder charge of a rotation-resistant liner with groove structures on both the inner and outer sides.
FIG. 2-1 is a schematic view of the variable density liner of the present invention.
Fig. 2-2 are cross-sectional views of the liner of the present invention prior to detonation of the variable density liner charge.
FIGS. 2-3 are cross-sectional views of the liner of the present invention after detonation of the variable density liner charge.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a dividing manner of the stripe feature cells in the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the division of the mesh-shaped feature cells according to the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the LMD process melting metal powder.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a warhead configuration in an example of the invention.
FIG. 7 is a microstructure of Cu-Sn powder in an example of the invention.
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a liner section divided into eight repeating regions.
Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a repeat region divided into 40 feature cells.
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of a layered slice structure in accordance with the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.
Referring to fig. 2-1 to 10, the preparation method disclosed by the invention is based on an additive manufacturing principle, and adopts a Laser Metal Deposition (LMD) technique to prepare an axisymmetric liner with a smooth outer surface and anti-rotation capability, and the circumferential density and the axial density of the liner can be adjusted according to actual requirements.
The anti-spin liner additive manufacturing method with variable density distribution comprises the following steps.
(1) Hierarchical slice analysis of the geometry; the liner geometry was subdivided along the liner axis into multiple slices and the thickness of each slice was calculated from the powder geometry.
(2) Dividing a circumferential repeating area; determining the number of repeated areas on each layer of slice structure on the basis of the slices finished in the step (1);
(3) Dividing a characteristic unit; each repeating area is subdivided into a plurality of characteristic units, and the geometric parameters and the material density of each characteristic unit are adjusted to regulate and control the density distribution of the liner;
repeating the steps (2) and (3), subdividing the whole liner into a plurality of characteristic units,
(4) An additive manufacturing process; and finally, preparing and molding the liner through the step (4).
The method is suitable for preparing axisymmetric shaped liner with various shapes, and the wall thickness of the shaped liner can be changed.
In the preparation process, the minimum structure is a characteristic unit, each characteristic unit corresponds to a set of powder feeding speed combination of each component, and the aim of regulating and controlling the density of each characteristic unit is achieved by controlling the powder feeding speed of each component. The density of adjacent characteristic units is distributed in a gradual change mode in the circumferential direction and the radial direction, and a plurality of characteristic units form a repeating area, so that one repeating area is the smallest density repeating module in each layer of slicing structure. Based on the method, the slice structure with the density distributed annularly and periodically is prepared. Repeating the steps, preparing all slice structures according to the geometric dimensions of the repeated area and the characteristic unit divided by each layer, and finally preparing a complete anti-rotation liner with variable density distribution.
As a preferred embodiment, the additive manufacturing technology adopted in the preparation process of step (4) is a powder-fed laser melting deposition technology. At least two metal powders are used in the preparation process. The principle of additive manufacturing is 'line-by-line area, area-by-area volume'. Each feature cell is a "face" that needs to be made by the accumulation of "lines". While laser scanning, a plurality of powder feeding pipelines feed metal powder with different components to specified positions according to set speed, for example, 1 and 2 in fig. 5 are respectively two different component powders, the feeding speed is respectively v1 and v2, and the powder is fully melted by 3 lasers to complete the accumulation process of 'lines'. The feeding speed of the powder determines the density of the characteristic unit, and the anti-rotation capacity of the liner is adjusted by controlling the density gradient of the characteristic unit.
The thickness of each layer of slices in the step (1) depends on the geometric characteristic size of the powder and specific processing requirements, can be adjusted according to requirements in the processing process, and the printing thickness of each layer is consistent with the thickness of the slices.
The repetition region determined in the step (2) is a sector structure distributed along the circumference; the circumferential sector angle alpha is kept constant in the whole preparation process, and the number of circumferential repeating areas can be calculated by 360/alpha. As shown in fig. 2-1 (which shows a cross-section of the liner, the darker regions indicate higher density and vice versa), the liner is divided circumferentially into a plurality of regions of repeating density distribution, the circumferential sector angle being a, so that the number of circumferential repeating regions is 360 °/a, fig. 2-2 shows a cross-sectional view of the liner before detonation of the charge,ω 1 is the self-rotating direction of the liner, the state shown in figures 2-3 is the sectional view of the liner after detonation of the charge,ω 2 direction of angular velocity for detonationω 1 To prepare liner with variable density distribution.
And (4) in the step (3), the dividing modes of the feature units comprise strip types and net types, and each variable parameter is defined by taking the polar coordinate as a reference. The main parameter of the stripe-shaped characteristic unit division mode is the peripheral angleβThe main parameter of the net-shaped characteristic unit division mode is the peripheral angleγWidth of sum diameterr。
Fig. 3 and 4 are schematic diagrams showing the division of the feature cells on a cross section. The characteristic units are divided mainly into a strip type (as shown in fig. 3) and a mesh type (as shown in fig. 4). And defining each variable parameter by taking the polar coordinates as a reference. The strip-shaped mode mainly controls the shape and size of each strip-shaped unit by adjusting the peripheral angle beta; the mesh type mode mainly controls the shape and size of each block unit by adjusting the circumference angle gamma and the diameter width r.
A plurality of repeated areas are arranged on one cutting sheet, a plurality of characteristic units are arranged in one repeated area, and the material filling density in each characteristic unit is the same. The density difference of one slice is determined by the powder feeding speed of each component powder, no density change exists in each characteristic unit, and a density gradient exists between adjacent characteristic units. The density of the characteristic units in each repeating area is distributed in a gradually changing mode along the annular direction and the radial direction. The density of the adjacent characteristic units is distributed in a gradual change mode in the current slice plane along the circumferential direction and the radial direction.
Examples
In the embodiment, a Cu-Sn alloy is used as a preparation material of the liner, the liner is conical, and has an equal wall thickness structure, specific structural parameters are shown in FIG. 6, the diameter of a charge is phi =56mm, the height of the liner is H1=42mm, the top angle of the liner is theta =60 degrees, the wall thickness is 1mm, and the charge height is H2=73mm. FIG. 7 is a microscopic morphology of Cu-Sn powder used in this example, and since Cu and Sn powder have diameters of 15 to 53 μm, as shown by 7-1 and 7-2 in FIG. 7, slice thickness Δ h =25 μm, and slice analysis was performed on the liner geometry in layers.
In fig. 8, the circumferential sector angle α =45 ° is taken, and a liner cross section is divided into 8 repeating regions, as shown in (1) - (8) of fig. 8. Each repeating area is divided into a plurality of characteristic units by adopting a net type dividing mode, the circumferential angle gamma and the radial width r are respectively 4.5 degrees and 0.25mm, and the annular repeating area is divided into 40 characteristic units. As shown in fig. 9, the density of the characteristic cells gradually changes in the circumferential direction and the axial direction.
The jet flow formed by the copper shaped charge liner has good formability and penetration, but when the LMD technology is adopted for material increase manufacturing, the light reflection performance of the pure copper powder is strong, so that the energy absorption rate of the pure copper powder is low, and defects are easy to form in the material. The pure copper powder is added with a component with lower light reflection, such as tin metal, which is beneficial to improving the energy absorption rate of the metal powder. Therefore, in the embodiment, the Cu-Sn alloy is used as the preparation material of the liner, the liner is conical and adopts a structure with equal wall thickness, the specific structural parameters are shown in figure 6, and the charging caliber isΦ=56mm, height of shaped charge linerH 1 =42mm, cover apex angle isθ=60 °, wall thickness 1mm, height of chargeH 2 =73mm. The diameters of Cu and Sn powders are 15 to 53 μm, as shown in 7-1 and 7-2 in FIG. 7, so that the slice thickness Delta is takenh=25 μm, slice analysis of liner geometry was performed as shown in fig. 10. Radial direction sector angleα=45 °, the liner is divided circumferentially into 8 repeating regions, as shown in fig. 8. Then adopting a net type division mode to take a peripheral angleγWidth of sum diameterr4.5 deg. and 0.25mm, respectively, dividing the circumferential repeating area into 40 characteristic units, and gradually changing the density of the characteristic units along the circumferential direction and the radial direction, as shown in fig. 9.
When scanning and processing a single characteristic unit, the density of the characteristic unit is changed by controlling the powder feeding speed of two-component powder, and in each annular repeating area, the density of adjacent units is distributed in a gradual change way along the annular direction and the radial direction, for example: keeping the powder feeding speed of the Sn powder constant while increasing the powder feeding speed of the Cu powder can increase the density of the feature cells and vice versa. Repeating the steps, and processing all the characteristic units according to the designated density distribution to prepare the axisymmetric anti-rotation liner with variable density distribution.
In summary, the above is only one process combination application of the present invention in the field of preparation of axisymmetric anti-spin liner, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The manufacturing method of the anti-spin liner additive material with variable density distribution is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Hierarchical slice analysis of the geometry; subdividing the geometric configuration of the liner into a plurality of layers of slices along the axis of the liner;
(2) Dividing a circumferential repeating area; determining the number of repeated areas on each layer of the sliced structure after the step (1) is finished;
(3) Dividing a characteristic unit; each repeating area is subdivided into a plurality of characteristic units, and the geometric parameters and the material density of each characteristic unit are adjusted to regulate and control the density distribution of the liner;
repeating the steps (2) and (3), and subdividing the whole liner into a plurality of characteristic units;
(4) An additive manufacturing process; and finally, splicing and preparing the plurality of characteristic units finished in the step (3).
2. The variable density profile anti-spin liner additive manufacturing process of claim 1 adapted to produce axisymmetric liner shapes.
3. The variable density profile anti-spin liner additive manufacturing method of claim 2, wherein the liner has a variable wall thickness.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the additive manufacturing technique used in the step (4) is a powder-fed laser melting deposition technique.
5. The method for manufacturing an anti-spin liner with variable density distribution according to claim 4, wherein at least two metal powders are used in the step (4).
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the thickness of each slice in step (1) is determined by the geometric feature size of the powder and the specific processing requirements, and is adjusted during the preparation in step (4) as required.
7. The variable density swirl liner additive manufacturing process according to claim 1 wherein in step (2) the identified repeating regions are sectors distributed along the circumference; angular sector of annularαThe preparation process is kept constant, and the number of circumferential repeat regions is 360%αAnd calculating to obtain.
8. The method for manufacturing an anti-spin liner additive with variable density distribution according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the division pattern of the feature units comprises a strip type and a net type; the main parameter of the stripe-shaped characteristic unit division mode is the peripheral angleβThe main parameter of the net-shaped characteristic unit division mode is the peripheral angleγWidth of sum diameterr。
9. The variable density profile roto-resistant liner additive manufacturing process of claim 8, wherein the material packing density of each of the feature cells is the same.
10. The variable density swirl resistant liner additive manufacturing process of claim 8 wherein the arrangement density of the feature cells in each repeating zone is graded both circumferentially and radially.
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| CN202211486914.4A CN115846680A (en) | 2022-11-25 | 2022-11-25 | Anti-rotation liner additive manufacturing method with variable density distribution |
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| CN202211486914.4A CN115846680A (en) | 2022-11-25 | 2022-11-25 | Anti-rotation liner additive manufacturing method with variable density distribution |
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| CN202211486914.4A Pending CN115846680A (en) | 2022-11-25 | 2022-11-25 | Anti-rotation liner additive manufacturing method with variable density distribution |
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