CN115843881A - Low-lactose milk powder and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides low-lactose milk powder and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of milk powder and comprising the following steps: s1, performing ultrafiltration concentration on raw milk to obtain concentrated milk; s2, adding a complex enzyme into the concentrated milk, heating for enzymolysis, and inactivating the enzyme to obtain hydrolyzed milk; s3, streaking lactobacillus plantarum and lactobacillus salivarius in a Gauss culture medium, and performing activated culture to obtain a strain seed solution; s4, inoculating lactobacillus plantarum and lactobacillus salivarius strain seed liquid into the hydrolyzed milk, fermenting and culturing, filtering, sterilizing, and freeze-drying to obtain hydrolyzed fermented milk; s5, uniformly mixing the hydrolyzed fermented milk, unsaturated fatty acid, concentrated whey protein, maltodextrin, compound vitamin and compound mineral substance to obtain the low-lactose milk powder. The milk powder disclosed by the invention is balanced in nutrition, low in sugar content, good in dissolubility and dissolubility, good in taste, and good in flavor, has a very high effect of regulating intestinal flora, can be used for remarkably improving the immunity of a human body and enhancing the physique, and has a wide application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of milk powder, in particular to low-lactose milk powder and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Milk is the most perfect food which can be obtained by people from nature so far, and not only can provide high-quality animal protein, milk fat, vitamins and the like required by the growth and development of human bodies and brains for people, but also can be the best choice for supplementing calcium for human bodies.
Lactose is a specific disaccharide found in mammalian milk, the average content of lactose in milk is 4.8%, its sweetness is low, its solubility in water is poor, after entering the human intestinal lumen, it must be hydrolyzed by lactase before being directly absorbed. Therefore, if lactase is deficient in the human body, lactose remains in the intestinal lumen, resulting in the retention of isotonic water and the fermentation of lactose by colonic bacteria to produce various gases and short-chain fatty acids, resulting in symptoms such as abdominal distension, borborygmus, increased exhaust gas, diarrhea, and abdominal pain, which is a so-called lactose intolerance phenomenon. Lactose intolerance is a widespread worldwide problem and it has been found from investigations that lactase deficiency is evident when humans enter the adult stage, especially after the age of 40-50 years.
A large number of clinical research results at home and abroad show that lactose indigestion can be caused by the lack of lactase in the body of a certain part of people due to the influence of a plurality of factors such as race, climate, heredity and the like, so that the phenomenon of lactose intolerance can be caused.
The research of the research institute of nutrition and food health of Chinese preventive medical college finds that many of the oriental people have lactose intolerance, 22.1% at the age of 3-5, 39.0% at the age of 7-8, 36.8% at the age of 11-13 and more adults. China is a high-lactose intolerance country, the incidence rate of the lactose intolerance condition in Chinese adults is 75% -95%, minority nationalities also have 76% -95.5%, and severe lactose intolerance people account for more than 20% of people.
In a new dietary guideline, the Chinese nutritional society takes the improvement of milk intake as an important aspect of an excellent dietary mode and the improvement of the nutritional status of the whole population, and due to various reasons such as dietary structure, genetic inheritance and the like, the Chinese causes the adverse reactions such as diarrhea, abdominal distension and the like which are caused by the fact that the masses cannot well enjoy the high nutrition brought by the dairy product, so that the development of the dairy product industry in China meets great obstacles. Lactose malabsorption is not only accompanied by signs of lactose intolerance but also by a decrease in appetite, resulting in a decrease in food consumption, diarrhea, and also a loss of a certain amount of digested food that is not absorbed (including valuable proteins, vitamins, minerals, and some carbohydrates in milk), making milk use very poorly and wasting milk, a valuable dietary resource. Therefore, the utilization of lactase has very important significance for hydrolyzing lactose in milk.
Therefore, the invention carries out research and development on the basis of the traditional process for producing the milk powder and provides a process for producing the low-lactose milk powder.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide the low-lactose milk powder and the preparation method thereof, the low-lactose milk powder has balanced nutrition, low sugar content, good dissolubility and dissolubility, good taste, high effect of regulating intestinal flora, capability of obviously improving the immunity of a human body and strengthening the physique, and wide application prospect.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
the invention provides a preparation method of low-lactose milk powder, which comprises the following steps:
s1, pretreatment of raw milk: ultrafiltering and concentrating raw milk to obtain concentrated milk;
s2, enzymolysis: adding complex enzyme into the concentrated milk prepared in the step S1, heating for enzymolysis, and inactivating enzyme to obtain hydrolyzed milk;
s3, activating strains: streaking lactobacillus plantarum and lactobacillus salivarius in a Gauss culture medium, and performing activated culture to obtain strain seed liquid;
s4, fermentation: inoculating the lactobacillus plantarum and lactobacillus salivarius strain seed solution prepared in the step S3 into the hydrolyzed milk prepared in the step S2, fermenting and culturing, filtering, sterilizing, and freeze-drying to obtain hydrolyzed fermented milk;
s5, proportioning: and (5) uniformly mixing the hydrolyzed fermented milk prepared in the step (S4), unsaturated fatty acid, concentrated whey protein, maltodextrin, compound vitamin and compound mineral substance to prepare the low-lactose milk powder.
As a further improvement of the invention, the ultrafiltration membrane in the step S1 has a pore size of 10000-12000D.
As a further improvement of the invention, the complex enzyme in the step S2 is a mixture of galactosidase and pectinase, and the mass ratio is 3-5.
As a further improvement of the invention, in the step S2, the temperature of heating enzymolysis is 20-40 ℃, the time is 2-4h, and the enzyme deactivation method is ultraviolet enzyme deactivation; the mass ratio of the concentrated milk to the compound enzyme is 100-7.
As a further improvement of the invention, the condition of the activation culture in the step S3 is 36-38 ℃, the culture time is 12-18h, and the bacteria content of the strain seed liquid is 10 8 -10 9 cfu/mL。
As a further improvement of the invention, the inoculation amounts of the seed liquids of the lactobacillus plantarum and lactobacillus salivarius strains in the step S4 are 1-3% and 0.5-1%, respectively; the fermentation culture conditions are 36-38 ℃, the culture time is 18-24h, and the sterilization method is pasteurization.
As a further improvement of the invention, the mass ratio of the hydrolyzed fermented milk, the unsaturated fatty acid, the concentrated whey protein, the maltodextrin, the compound vitamin and the compound mineral in the step S5 is 30-40.
As a further improvement of the invention, the vitamin complex comprises vitamin C, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, vitamin D3 and vitamin K, and the mass ratio is (5-10); the composite mineral comprises sodium chloride, zinc chloride and ferric chloride according to a mass ratio of 10-15.
As a further improvement of the invention, the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, pretreating raw milk: performing ultrafiltration concentration on 1000 parts by weight of raw milk for 1-2h by an ultrafiltration membrane with the pore diameter of 10000-12000D to obtain concentrated milk with the relative density of 1.3-1.5;
s2, enzymolysis: adding 5-7 parts by weight of complex enzyme into 100 parts by weight of the concentrated milk prepared in the step S1, heating to 20-40 ℃, carrying out enzymolysis for 2-4h, and carrying out ultraviolet enzyme deactivation to obtain hydrolyzed milk;
the compound enzyme is a mixture of galactosidase and pectinase, and the mass ratio is 3-5;
s3, activating strains: streaking Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus salivarius in Gauss culture medium, activating and culturing at 36-38 deg.C for 12-18h to obtain strain seed solution with bacteria content of 10 8 -10 9 cfu/mL；
S4, fermentation: inoculating the lactobacillus plantarum and lactobacillus salivarius strain seed liquid prepared in the step S3 into the hydrolyzed milk prepared in the step S2, wherein the inoculation amounts of the lactobacillus plantarum and lactobacillus salivarius strain seed liquid are 1-3% and 0.5-1%, respectively, fermenting and culturing for 18-24h at 36-38 ℃, filtering, pasteurizing, and freeze-drying to obtain hydrolyzed fermented milk;
s5, proportioning: uniformly mixing 30-40 parts by weight of the hydrolyzed fermented milk prepared in the step S4, 2-4 parts by weight of unsaturated fatty acid, 5-7 parts by weight of concentrated whey protein, 15-22 parts by weight of maltodextrin, 1-2 parts by weight of compound vitamin and 0.5-1 part by weight of compound mineral substance to prepare low-lactose milk powder;
the composite vitamins comprise vitamin C, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, vitamin D3 and vitamin K, and the mass ratio is (5-10);
the composite mineral comprises sodium chloride, zinc chloride and ferric chloride according to a mass ratio of 10-15.
The invention further protects the low-lactose milk powder prepared by the preparation method.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: according to the invention, the composite enzyme is used for enzymolysis of the concentrated milk to hydrolyze and degrade a large amount of lactose in the concentrated milk, so that the lactose content is greatly reduced, and meanwhile, the added pectinase can be used for enzymolysis of flocculent insoluble pectin substances, so that the solubility and the dissolubility of milk powder are remarkably improved, and the flavor and the taste are better.
The invention further ferments the hydrolyzed milk by lactobacillus plantarum and lactobacillus salivarius, and further leads the beneficial products of lactose fermentation decomposition products in the hydrolyzed milk to comprise short-chain fatty acid, small molecule active peptide and the like, which can improve the protein absorption rate of the organism, after the short-chain fatty acid is rapidly absorbed by the hindgut, the energy is stored and the osmotic pressure is reduced, and the short-chain fatty acid has important function for maintaining the normal function of the large intestine and the shape and the function of the colon epithelial cells. The short-chain fatty acid can also promote the absorption of sodium, and the butyric acid has stronger effect in this aspect than acetic acid and propionic acid, can increase the yield of lactobacillus and reduce the number of escherichia coli, and has good effect of regulating intestinal flora.
The low-lactose milk powder prepared by the invention has balanced nutrition, low sugar content, good dissolubility and dissolubility, good taste, high effect of regulating intestinal flora, capability of obviously improving human immunity and strengthening physique, and wide application prospect.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a preparation method of low-lactose milk powder, which specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, pretreatment of raw milk: performing ultrafiltration concentration on 1000 parts by weight of raw milk for 1h by using an ultrafiltration membrane with the pore diameter of 10000D to obtain concentrated milk with the relative density of 1.3;
s2, enzymolysis: adding 5 parts by weight of complex enzyme into 100 parts by weight of the concentrated milk prepared in the step S1, heating to 20 ℃, carrying out enzymolysis for 2 hours, and carrying out ultraviolet enzyme deactivation to obtain hydrolyzed milk;
the compound enzyme is a mixture of galactosidase and pectinase, and the mass ratio is 3;
s3, activating strains: streaking Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus salivarius in Gauss culture medium, activating and culturing at 36 deg.C for 12 hr to obtain strain seed solution with a bacterial content of 10 8 cfu/mL；
S4, fermentation: inoculating the lactobacillus plantarum and lactobacillus salivarius strain seed liquid prepared in the step S3 into the hydrolyzed milk prepared in the step S2, wherein the inoculation amounts of the lactobacillus plantarum and lactobacillus salivarius strain seed liquid are 1% and 0.5%, respectively, fermenting and culturing for 18h at 36 ℃, filtering, pasteurizing, and freeze-drying to obtain hydrolyzed fermented milk;
s5, proportioning: uniformly mixing 30 parts by weight of the hydrolyzed fermented milk prepared in the step S4, 2 parts by weight of unsaturated fatty acid, 5 parts by weight of concentrated whey protein, 15 parts by weight of maltodextrin, 1 part by weight of composite vitamin and 0.5 part by weight of composite mineral matter to prepare low-lactose milk powder;
the compound vitamin comprises vitamin C, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, vitamin D3 and vitamin K, and the mass ratio is 5;
the composite mineral comprises sodium chloride, zinc chloride and ferric chloride in a mass ratio of 10.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a preparation method of low-lactose milk powder, which specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, pretreating raw milk: performing ultrafiltration concentration on 1000 parts by weight of raw milk for 2 hours by using an ultrafiltration membrane with the aperture of 12000D to obtain concentrated milk with the relative density of 1.5;
s2, enzymolysis: adding 7 parts by weight of complex enzyme into 100 parts by weight of the concentrated milk prepared in the step S1, heating to 40 ℃, carrying out enzymolysis for 4 hours, and carrying out ultraviolet inactivation to obtain hydrolyzed milk;
the compound enzyme is a mixture of galactosidase and pectinase, and the mass ratio is 5;
s3, activating strains: streaking Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus salivarius in Gauss culture medium, activating and culturing at 38 deg.C for 18 hr to obtain strain seed solution with bacteria content of 10 9 cfu/mL；
S4, fermentation: inoculating the lactobacillus plantarum and lactobacillus salivarius strain seed liquid prepared in the step S3 into the hydrolyzed milk prepared in the step S2, wherein the inoculation amounts of the lactobacillus plantarum and lactobacillus salivarius strain seed liquid are 3% and 1%, respectively, fermenting and culturing for 24h at 38 ℃, filtering, pasteurizing, and freeze-drying to obtain hydrolyzed fermented milk;
s5, proportioning: uniformly mixing 40 parts by weight of the hydrolyzed fermented milk prepared in the step S4, 4 parts by weight of unsaturated fatty acid, 7 parts by weight of concentrated whey protein, 22 parts by weight of maltodextrin, 2 parts by weight of composite vitamin and 1 part by weight of composite mineral substance to prepare low-lactose milk powder;
the compound vitamin comprises vitamin C, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, vitamin D3 and vitamin K, and the mass ratio is 10;
the composite mineral comprises sodium chloride, zinc chloride and ferric chloride in a mass ratio of 15.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a preparation method of low-lactose milk powder, which specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, pretreatment of raw milk: performing ultrafiltration concentration on 1000 parts by weight of raw milk for 1.5h by using an ultrafiltration membrane with the aperture of 11000D to obtain concentrated milk with the relative density of 1.4;
s2, enzymolysis: adding 6 parts by weight of complex enzyme into 100 parts by weight of the concentrated milk prepared in the step S1, heating to 30 ℃, carrying out enzymolysis for 3 hours, and carrying out ultraviolet enzyme deactivation to obtain hydrolyzed milk;
the compound enzyme is a mixture of galactosidase and pectinase, and the mass ratio is 4;
s3, activating strains: streaking Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus salivarius in Gauss culture medium, activating and culturing at 37 deg.C for 15 hr to obtain strain seed solution with bacteria content of 10 9 cfu/mL；
S4, fermentation: inoculating the lactobacillus plantarum and lactobacillus salivarius strain seed liquid prepared in the step S3 into the hydrolyzed milk prepared in the step S2, wherein the inoculation amounts of the lactobacillus plantarum and lactobacillus salivarius strain seed liquid are 2% and 0.7%, respectively, fermenting and culturing for 21h at 37 ℃, filtering, pasteurizing, and freeze-drying to obtain hydrolyzed fermented milk;
s5, proportioning: uniformly mixing 35 parts by weight of the hydrolyzed fermented milk prepared in the step S4, 3 parts by weight of unsaturated fatty acid, 6 parts by weight of concentrated whey protein, 18 parts by weight of maltodextrin, 1.5 parts by weight of composite vitamin and 0.7 part by weight of composite mineral substance to prepare low-lactose milk powder;
the compound vitamin comprises vitamin C, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, vitamin D3 and vitamin K, and the mass ratio is 7;
the composite mineral comprises 12 mass ratios of sodium chloride, zinc chloride and ferric chloride.
Example 4
Compared with example 3, the difference is that the complex enzyme is a single galactoside hydrolase.
Example 5
Compared with the example 3, the difference is that the compound enzyme is single pectinase.
Comparative example 1
The difference from example 3 is that step S2 is not performed.
Comparative example 2
Compared with example 3, the difference is that no lactobacillus plantarum was used in step S4.
Comparative example 3
Compared with example 3, the difference is that no Lactobacillus salivarius was inoculated in step S4.
Comparative example 4
The difference from example 3 is that step S4 is not performed.
Test example 1
The low lactose milk powders prepared in examples 1-5 of the present invention and comparative examples 1-4 were subjected to content test, and the results are shown in table 1.
The protein determination method comprises the following steps: GB5009.5-2010;
the fat determination method comprises the following steps: GB/T5009.6-2003;
the energy measuring method comprises the following steps: GB280502011 rules of prepackaged food nutrition labels;
carbohydrate determination method: GB10765-2010.
TABLE 1 (content of each substance per 100 g)
As can be seen from the above table, the low lactose milk powders prepared in examples 1-3 of the present invention contain abundant nutrients.
Test example 2 determination of lactose hydrolysis Rate
The low lactose milk powders prepared in examples 1-5 of the present invention and comparative examples 1-4 were tested.
A glucose detector is adopted, a detection sample (30 g is dissolved in 100mL of water) is added into a beaker; adding 24ml of distilled water into 1ml of detection sample (hydrolyzed milk), and diluting to 25 times; and (4) taking the diluted sample and dripping the sample into a sample detection point of a glucose detector. The hydrolysis reading was observed. The calculation method is as follows:
the results are shown in Table 2.
As can be seen from the above table, the lactose content of the low lactose milk powder prepared by the invention in the examples 1-3 is low, and the lactose hydrolysis rate is as high as 98-99%.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the present invention, which is intended to cover any modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc. within the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The preparation method of the low-lactose milk powder is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, pretreatment of raw milk: ultrafiltering and concentrating raw milk to obtain concentrated milk;
s2, enzymolysis: adding complex enzyme into the concentrated milk prepared in the step S1, heating for enzymolysis, and inactivating enzyme to obtain hydrolyzed milk;
s3, activating strains: streaking lactobacillus plantarum and lactobacillus salivarius in a Gauss culture medium, and performing activated culture to obtain strain seed liquid;
s4, fermentation: inoculating the lactobacillus plantarum and lactobacillus salivarius strain seed liquid prepared in the step S3 into the hydrolyzed milk prepared in the step S2, fermenting and culturing, filtering, sterilizing, and freeze-drying to obtain hydrolyzed fermented milk;
s5, proportioning: and (5) uniformly mixing the hydrolyzed fermented milk prepared in the step (S4), unsaturated fatty acid, concentrated whey protein, maltodextrin, compound vitamin and compound mineral substance to prepare the low-lactose milk powder.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the ultrafiltration membrane of step S1 has a pore size of 10000 to 12000D.
3. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the complex enzyme in step S2 is a mixture of galactosidase and pectinase at a mass ratio of 3-5.
4. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the heating enzymolysis in the step S2 is 20-40 ℃, the time is 2-4h, and the enzyme deactivation method is ultraviolet enzyme deactivation; the mass ratio of the concentrated milk to the compound enzyme is 100-7.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the activation culture in step S3 is carried out under conditions of 36-38 ℃ for 12-18 hours, and the seed solution of the strain has a bacteria content of 10 8 -10 9 cfu/mL。
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the inoculation amounts of the seed liquids of Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus salivarius in step S4 are 1-3% and 0.5-1%, respectively; the fermentation culture conditions are 36-38 ℃, the culture time is 18-24h, and the sterilization method is pasteurization.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the hydrolyzed fermented milk, the unsaturated fatty acid, the concentrated whey protein, the maltodextrin, the vitamin complex and the mineral complex in step S5 is 30-40.
8. The preparation method according to claim 7, wherein the vitamin complex comprises vitamin C, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, vitamin D3 and vitamin K, and the mass ratio of vitamin C to vitamin D to vitamin K is 5-10; the composite mineral comprises sodium chloride, zinc chloride and ferric chloride according to a mass ratio of 10-15.
9. The preparation method according to claim 1, comprising the following steps:
s1, pretreatment of raw milk: performing ultrafiltration concentration on 1000 parts by weight of raw milk for 1-2h by using an ultrafiltration membrane with the pore diameter of 10000-12000D to obtain concentrated milk with the relative density of 1.3-1.5;
s2, enzymolysis: adding 5-7 parts by weight of complex enzyme into 100 parts by weight of the concentrated milk prepared in the step S1, heating to 20-40 ℃, carrying out enzymolysis for 2-4h, and carrying out ultraviolet inactivation to obtain hydrolyzed milk;
the compound enzyme is a mixture of galactosidase and pectinase, and the mass ratio is 3-5;
s3, activating strains: streaking Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus salivarius in Gauss culture medium, activating and culturing at 36-38 deg.C for 12-18 hr to obtain strain seed solution with a bacterial content of 10 8 -10 9 cfu/mL；
S4, fermentation: inoculating the lactobacillus plantarum and lactobacillus salivarius strain seed liquid prepared in the step S3 into the hydrolyzed milk prepared in the step S2, wherein the inoculation amounts of the lactobacillus plantarum and lactobacillus salivarius strain seed liquid are 1-3% and 0.5-1%, respectively, fermenting and culturing for 18-24h at 36-38 ℃, filtering, pasteurizing, and freeze-drying to obtain hydrolyzed fermented milk;
s5, proportioning: uniformly mixing 30-40 parts by weight of the hydrolyzed fermented milk prepared in the step S4, 2-4 parts by weight of unsaturated fatty acid, 5-7 parts by weight of concentrated whey protein, 15-22 parts by weight of maltodextrin, 1-2 parts by weight of compound vitamin and 0.5-1 part by weight of compound mineral substance to prepare low-lactose milk powder;
the compound vitamin comprises vitamin C, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, vitamin D3 and vitamin K, and the mass ratio is 5-10;
the composite mineral comprises sodium chloride, zinc chloride and ferric chloride according to a mass ratio of 10-15.
10. A low lactose milk powder made by the method of any one of claims 1-9.
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