CN115842777A

CN115842777A - Routing method and related equipment

Info

Publication number: CN115842777A
Application number: CN202110972840.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 陈臻垚; 陈湘子; 李鹏; 欧亮
Original assignee: China Telecom Corp Ltd
Current assignee: China Telecom Corp Ltd
Priority date: 2021-08-24
Filing date: 2021-08-24
Publication date: 2023-03-24

Abstract

The embodiment of the disclosure provides a routing method and related equipment, and belongs to the technical field of communication. The method comprises the following steps: when a link between an external router and a main router fails, address exchange processing between the main router and a standby router is carried out; and after the active router and the standby router realize address exchange, the external router sends out the flow through the standby router.

Description

Routing method and related equipment

Technical Field

The present disclosure relates to the field of communications technologies, and in particular, to a routing method, a routing system, an active router, a standby router, and a computer-readable storage medium.

Background

In the process of forwarding traffic through a router route, a single-point failure phenomenon may occur in the router, and upstream and downstream nodes of the router with the single-point failure cannot sense the failure in time, so that the header of a message is still written according to the address of the router with the single-point failure, and the message is lost, thereby causing the traffic to be unable to be forwarded through a correct route.

Disclosure of Invention

The embodiment of the disclosure provides a routing method, a routing system, a primary router, a standby router and a computer readable storage medium, which can still ensure normal routing forwarding of traffic when a single point failure phenomenon occurs in a router under a dynamic routing protocol.

The embodiment of the disclosure provides a routing method, which includes: when a link between an external router and a main router fails, address exchange processing between the main router and a standby router is carried out; and after the active router and the standby router realize address exchange, the external router sends out the flow through the standby router. The method provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure may be executed by the external router, the active router, and the standby router alternately, or may be executed by chips configured in the external router, the active router, and the standby router, which is not limited in this disclosure.

The embodiment of the disclosure provides a routing method, which includes: when the active router detects that a link between the active router and an external router fails, the active router executes address exchange processing between the active router and a standby router, so that after the active router and the standby router realize address exchange, the external router sends out traffic through the standby router. The method provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure may be executed by the active router, or may be executed by a chip configured in the active router, which is not limited in the present disclosure.

The embodiment of the disclosure provides a routing method, which includes: when a link between an external router and a main router fails, a standby router executes address exchange processing between the standby router and the main router; and after the active router and the standby router realize address exchange, the standby router sends out the flow of the external router. The method provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure may be executed by a standby router, and may also be executed by a chip configured in the standby router, which is not limited in the present disclosure.

The disclosed embodiment provides a routing system, which includes an active router and a standby router, wherein: when a link between an external router and the active router fails, the active router and the standby router are used for performing address exchange processing between the active router and the standby router; and after the active router and the standby router realize address exchange, the standby router is used for sending out the flow of the external router.

An embodiment of the present disclosure provides an active router, including: the first processing unit is configured to, when a link between an external router and the active router fails, implement address exchange processing between the active router and a standby router, so that after the active router and the standby router implement address exchange, the standby router is configured to send out traffic of the external router. The first processing unit included in the active router may be implemented by software and/or hardware.

The embodiment of the present disclosure provides a standby router, including: the second processing unit is used for realizing the address exchange processing between the standby router and the main router when the link between the external router and the main router fails; and the first routing unit is used for sending out the flow of the external router through the standby router after the address exchange between the main router and the standby router is realized. The second processing unit and the first routing unit included in the standby router may be implemented by software and/or hardware.

The disclosed embodiments provide a network device that includes at least one processor and a communication interface. The communication interface is used for the network device to perform information interaction with other network devices, and when the program instructions are executed in the at least one processor, the method in any one of the possible implementation manners in the above embodiments is implemented.

Optionally, the network device may further comprise a memory. The memory is used for storing programs and data.

Optionally, the network device may be an external router and/or an active router and/or a standby router.

The disclosed embodiments provide a computer-readable storage medium on which a computer program for execution by a communication device is stored, which when executed by a processor implements the method in any one of the possible implementations of the embodiments described above.

For example, the computer readable storage medium may have stored therein a computer program for execution by an external router, the program, when executed by a processor, implementing instructions of the method as described in the embodiments described above as performed by the external router.

For example, the computer readable storage medium may have stored therein a computer program for execution by the active router, the program, when executed by a processor, implementing the instructions of the method performed by the active router in the embodiments described above.

For example, the computer readable storage medium may have stored therein a computer program for execution by the backup router, the program, when executed by a processor, implementing the instructions of the method as described in the embodiments described above as being performed by the backup router.

Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a computer program product containing instructions. Instructions for causing a network device to perform the method of any one of the above-mentioned parties or any one of the above-mentioned possible implementations when the computer program product is run on the network device.

For example, the computer program product, when executed on an external router, causes the external router to execute the instructions of the method in any one of the possible implementations in the embodiments described above.

For example, the computer program product, when executed on the active router, causes the active router to execute the instructions of the method in any one of the possible implementations in the embodiments described above.

For example, the computer program product, when executed on the standby router, causes the standby router to execute the instructions of the method in any one of the possible implementations in the embodiments described above.

The disclosed embodiment provides a system chip, which includes an input/output interface and at least one processor, where the at least one processor is configured to call instructions in a memory to perform operations of the method in any one of the above-mentioned possible implementation manners.

Optionally, the system-on-chip may further include at least one memory for storing instructions for execution by the processor and a bus.

The embodiment of the present disclosure provides a routing system, which includes the foregoing active router and standby router. In other embodiments, the routing system may also include the aforementioned external router.

In the technical solutions provided in some embodiments of the present disclosure, by simultaneously setting an active router and a standby router, when a link between an external router and the active router fails, address exchange processing between the active router and the standby router is performed, so that after address exchange is implemented between the active router and the standby router, the external router may send out traffic through the standby router, thereby implementing that, under a dynamic routing protocol, when a single-point failure phenomenon occurs in a router (here, the active router), traffic can be correctly forwarded through the standby router through active-standby switching.

It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the disclosure.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the present disclosure and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the disclosure. It should be apparent that the drawings in the following description are merely examples of the disclosure and that other drawings may be derived by those of ordinary skill in the art without inventive effort.

Fig. 1 schematically shows a flow chart of a routing method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Fig. 2 schematically shows an architectural diagram of a routing system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Fig. 3 schematically shows an interaction diagram of a routing method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Fig. 4 schematically shows a block diagram of a network device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Detailed Description

Example embodiments will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. Example embodiments may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the examples set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the concept of example embodiments to those skilled in the art.

In the description of the present disclosure, "/" denotes "or" means, for example, a/B may denote a or B, unless otherwise specified. "and/or" herein is merely an association describing an associated object, and means that there may be three relationships, e.g., a and/or B, which may mean: a exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone. Further, "at least one" means one or more, "a plurality" means two or more. The terms "first", "second", and the like do not necessarily limit the number and execution order, and the terms "first", "second", and the like do not necessarily limit the difference.

The technical scheme of the embodiment of the present disclosure can be applied to various communication systems, for example: global system for mobile communications (GSM) systems, code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) systems, wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) systems, general Packet Radio Service (GPRS), long Term Evolution (LTE) systems, LTE Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) systems, LTE Time Division Duplex (TDD), universal mobile telecommunications system (universal mobile telecommunications system, UMTS), worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) communication systems, future fifth generation (5 g) systems, or New Radio (NR) systems, etc.

The technical scheme provided by the present disclosure may be applied to various application scenarios, for example, scenarios such as machine-to-machine (M2M), macro-micro communication, eMBB (Enhanced Mobile Broadband), urlclc (Ultra reliable and low latency communication), and mass internet of things communication (mtc).

These scenarios may include, but are not limited to: communication scenarios between communication devices, network devices, and communication scenarios between network devices and communication devices, etc. The following description is given by way of example in the context of a network device communicating with a network device.

The network device in the embodiments of the present disclosure may be a computer or a server for wireless communication, a hub, a switch, a bridge, a router (including an external router, a primary router, and a backup router mentioned below), a gateway, a network interface card, a wireless access point, a printer and a modem, an optical fiber transceiver, an optical cable, and the like, and the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

The embodiment of the present disclosure does not particularly limit the specific structure of the execution subject of the method provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure, as long as the execution subject can communicate according to the method provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure by running the program recorded with the code of the method provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure, for example, the execution subject of the method provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure may be a network device, or a functional module capable of calling a program and executing the program in the network device.

It is to be understood that the network architecture and the service scenario described in the embodiment of the present disclosure are for more clearly illustrating the technical solution of the embodiment of the present disclosure, and do not constitute a limitation to the technical solution provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure, and as the network architecture evolves and a new service scenario appears, a person having ordinary skill in the art may know that the technical solution provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure is also applicable to similar technical problems.

As shown in fig. 1, the method provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure may include the following steps.

In step S110, when a link between an external Router and an Active Router (AR) fails, address exchange processing between the Active Router and a Standby Router (SR) is performed.

In an exemplary embodiment, before the failure of the link between the external router and the active router, the method may further include: the main router runs a first dynamic routing protocol; the master router receives and processes a first protocol message sent by the external router, and maintains the protocol state of the first dynamic routing protocol; and the active router sends a first negotiation message generated according to the first protocol message to the external router.

In an exemplary embodiment, when a link between an external router and an active router fails, performing an address exchange process between the active router and a standby router may include: when a link between the external router and the main router fails, the main router sends a notification message to the standby router through a main/standby data channel to notify the standby router of main/standby switching; the standby router receives the notification message sent by the active router, and returns a first acknowledgement message generated according to the notification message to the active router, where the first acknowledgement message carries a standby Internet Protocol (IP) address and a standby physical address (MAC) of the standby router; the master router receives the first confirmation message sent by the standby router, and returns a second confirmation message generated according to the first confirmation message to the standby router, wherein the second confirmation message carries a master internet protocol address and a master physical address of the master router; and the standby router receives the second confirmation message sent by the active router and returns a third confirmation message generated according to the second confirmation message to the active router.

In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the IP address of the standby router is referred to as a standby IP address, the MAC address of the standby router is referred to as a standby MAC address, the IP address of the active router is referred to as an active IP address, and the MAC address of the active router is referred to as an active MAC address.

In an exemplary embodiment, the second acknowledgement packet may also carry a protocol state in the active router.

In step S120, after the active router and the standby router implement address exchange, the external router sends out traffic through the standby router.

In an exemplary embodiment, after the active router and the standby router implement address switching, the sending out traffic by the external router via the standby router may include: after the main router and the standby router realize address exchange, the standby router broadcasts an address resolution protocol message; after the external router receives the ARP message broadcasted by the standby router, updating an ARP cache of the external router according to the ARP message; the external router sends out traffic via a port of the backup router.

In an exemplary embodiment, after the active router and the standby router implement address switching, the method may further include: the standby router runs a second dynamic routing protocol; the standby router receives and processes a second protocol message sent by the external router, and maintains the protocol state of the second dynamic routing protocol; and the standby router sends a second negotiation message generated according to the second protocol message to the external router.

In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the first dynamic routing protocol and the second dynamic routing protocol may be the same, for example, both dynamic routing protocols based on MAC addresses.

In the routing method provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure, by simultaneously setting the active router and the standby router, when a link between the external router and the active router fails, address exchange processing between the active router and the standby router is performed, so that after address exchange is implemented between the active router and the standby router, the external router can send out traffic through the standby router, thereby implementing that, under a dynamic routing protocol, when a single-point failure phenomenon occurs in a router (here, the active router), traffic can be correctly forwarded through the standby router through active-standby switching.

The method provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure is illustrated below with reference to fig. 2 and 3.

The method provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure can solve the problem of single point failure of the MAC layer of the routing system through the active/standby switching mode, and is applicable to the routing system 200 shown in fig. 2, for example.

As shown in fig. 2, a routing system 200 provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure may include an active router 210 and a standby router 220.

When a link between the external router 300 and the active router 210 fails, the active router 210 sends a notification message to the standby router 220 via the active/standby synchronous channel/active/standby data channel, and the two perform IP and MAC exchanges, and then the standby router 220 broadcasts an ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) message to the external router 300.

The active router 210 may be configured to run routing protocol software (e.g., a dynamic routing protocol based on a MAC address), process a protocol packet sent by the external router 300 (referred to as a first protocol packet herein for distinguishing it from a protocol packet processed by the standby router), maintain a protocol state machine, that is, maintain a protocol state of the active router running the dynamic routing protocol based on the MAC address, and send back a negotiation packet in a protocol session (referred to as a first negotiation packet for distinguishing it from a negotiation packet sent back by the standby router hereinafter).

In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the active router processes, by running the routing protocol software, a first protocol packet sent by the external router to determine a next hop address of a flow to be routed and forwarded, where the first protocol packet is used to negotiate routing information between the active router and the external router, and a processing flow of the first protocol packet is processed by the routing protocol software running on the active router. The negotiation requires mutual information transfer, and the feedback is part of the negotiation process. The entire mechanism in the negotiation session may follow the corresponding routing protocol standard.

For example, the active router runs a dynamic routing protocol based on the MAC address to obtain link information, stores the link information in a link state database, and when receiving traffic sent by an external router, calculates according to the link state database to obtain a routing path of a next hop of the traffic.

The primary task of the standby router is to continuously monitor the state of the active router before the standby router 220 does not perform a role switch with the active router. After the role switching between the active router and the standby router occurs, the standby router 220 may perform operations performed when the active router normally works, for example, may be used to run routing protocol software (for example, a dynamic routing protocol based on a MAC address), process a protocol packet sent by the external router 300 (to distinguish it from the protocol packet processed by the active router, referred to as a second protocol packet here), maintain a protocol state machine, and send back a negotiation packet in a protocol session (to distinguish it from the negotiation packet sent back by the active router, referred to as a second negotiation packet here).

In the embodiment of the present disclosure, in the process that the standby router 220 executes the role of the original active router, if the original active router is recovered to be normal, the original active router may exist as a new standby router.

In some embodiments, when the routing protocol software is running, there are an active router AR and a standby router SR, the AR and the SR elect in the network, the SR serves as a backup of the AR, and once the AR fails, the SR becomes the AR, so that the network 3 can continue to operate. In other embodiments, the AR and SR may directly designate one router as the AR and the other router as the SR without election.

As shown in fig. 3, the method provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure may include the following steps, which may implement active-standby switching between the active router AR and the standby router SR.

In step S31, the AR notifies the SR to perform the master-slave switching.

When the link between the AR and the external router is disconnected, the AR informs the SR to carry out the main-standby switching through the main-standby data channel. For example, the AR sends a notification message to the SR via the active/standby data channel to notify the SR to perform active/standby switching.

In the embodiment of the disclosure, the monitoring of whether the AR fails can be realized by switching the control board. The switching control board may have different specific implementation methods, for example, a heartbeat detection line may be used to connect the motherboards of the two machines (AR and SR), or one control board may be separately used to monitor the state of the master router, so that when the AR function is in trouble, the SR may sense in time and disconnect the AR, and the SR is used to serve the router.

In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the notification message may carry the MAC address and the IP address of the AR and the state information of the corresponding dynamic routing protocol. The notification message may use the format of the ethernet message, and may also use other proprietary formats, which is not limited in this disclosure.

In step S32, the SR replies an acknowledgement message (referred to as a first acknowledgement message here for distinction from other acknowledgement messages) to the AR, and informs the AR of the IP and MAC addresses of the SR.

When the SR receives the notification message sent by the AR, the SR replies a first confirmation message to the AR and informs the AR of the own IP address (namely, the standby IP address) and the MAC address (namely, the standby MAC address).

In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the SR and the AR may be connected by using a private link as a main/standby data channel, and since there is no conflict in format or content with the flow message such as forwarding, there is no format constraint on the first acknowledgement message, the second acknowledgement message, and the third acknowledgement message, and only the acknowledgement information needs to be transmitted to the other party.

In step S33, the AR replies an acknowledgement message (referred to as a second acknowledgement message here for distinction) to the SR, informing the SR of the IP and MAC addresses of the AR and the protocol status.

After the AR receives the first acknowledgement packet sent by the SR, the AR may parse the first acknowledgement packet to obtain the IP and MAC address of the SR. The AR can also reply a second confirmation message to the SR and inform the SR of the own IP and MAC address and the protocol state.

In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the purpose of sending the protocol state of the AR to the SR is to synchronize the protocol state of the AR to the SR, so that the SR can continue to calculate the routing address of the next hop of the traffic sent by the external router based on the protocol state of the AR.

In step S34, the SR replies an acknowledgement message (referred to as a third acknowledgement message here for distinction) to the AR, and both sides start exchanging IP and MAC addresses.

After the SR receives the second acknowledgement message sent by the AR, the SR may parse the second acknowledgement message to obtain the IP and MAC address of the AR. The SR may also reply with a third acknowledgement message to the AR, and when the AR receives the third acknowledgement message sent by the SR, the two parties start exchanging IP and MAC addresses of each other. For example, the AR replaces its own IP and MAC address with the SR's IP and MAC address, and the SR replaces its own IP and MAC address with the AR's IP and MAC address.

In step S35, after the exchange between the AR and the SR is completed, the SR broadcasts an ARP packet to the external router.

And the external router receives the ARP message broadcasted by the SR.

An Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is a three-layer Protocol for acquiring a MAC Address according to an IP Address. When the host sends information, the ARP request containing the target IP address is broadcasted to all hosts on the local area network, and the return message is received, so that the MAC address of the target is determined. In the embodiment of the disclosure, the ARP message broadcasted by the SR carries the IP and MAC address of the original AR, that is, the SR tells the external router that the new IP and MAC address are updated to the IP and MAC address of the original AR, that is, the ARP message notifies the two-layer MAC affiliation of the IP.

In step S36, the external router updates the ARP cache.

And the external router updates the ARP cache according to the ARP message received from the SR, and subsequent flow is sent out through the standby router port. In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the external router updating the ARP cache means that, in the ARP cache of the external router, the original unique identifier of the AR and its IP and MAC address are updated to the unique identifier of the SR and its updated IP and MAC address, so as to obtain the correct mapping between the IP address and the MAC.

According to the routing method provided by the embodiment of the disclosure, under a dynamic routing protocol based on an MAC address, when a single point failure phenomenon occurs in an active router, IP and the MAC address are exchanged through the active router and a standby router, so that traffic can be correctly forwarded through the standby router. That is, the scheme provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure may be applicable to a scenario of active/standby switching under a dynamic routing protocol based on MAC address two-layer forwarding, where when a link between an active router and an external router fails, after an IP and an MAC address are exchanged between the active/standby data channel and a standby router, the standby router sends an ARP packet, and directs traffic to the standby router for forwarding, thereby implementing the active/standby switching. The method provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure can be applied to both of the scenarios in which services such as a virtual switch and a virtual router need to operate the active/standby switching of a dynamic routing protocol based on MAC address two-layer forwarding.

Further, an embodiment of the present disclosure also provides a routing method, which may include: when the active router detects that a link between the active router and an external router fails, the active router executes address exchange processing between the active router and a standby router, so that after the active router and the standby router realize address exchange, the external router sends out traffic through the standby router.

In an exemplary embodiment, when the active router detects that a link between the active router and an external router fails, the active router performs an address exchange process with the standby router, which may include: when the external router detects that a link between the external router and the main router fails, the main router sends a notification message to the standby router through a main/standby data channel to notify the standby router of main/standby switching; the master router receives a first confirmation message returned by the standby router according to the notification message, wherein the first confirmation message carries a standby internet protocol address and a standby physical address of the standby router; the master router returns a second confirmation message generated according to the first confirmation message to the standby router, wherein the second confirmation message carries a master internet protocol address and a master physical address of the master router; and the active router receives a third confirmation message returned by the standby router according to the second confirmation message.

Other aspects of the disclosed embodiments may be found in relation to other embodiments described above.

Further, an embodiment of the present disclosure also provides a routing method, which may include: when a link between an external router and a main router fails, a standby router executes address exchange processing between the standby router and the main router; and after the active router and the standby router realize address exchange, the standby router sends out the flow of the external router.

In an exemplary embodiment, when a link between an external router and an active router fails, the performing, by a standby router, an address exchange process with the active router may include: when a link between the external router and the main router fails, the standby router receives a notification message sent by the main router; the standby router returns a first confirmation message to the main router according to the notification message, wherein the first confirmation message carries a standby internet protocol address and a standby physical address of the standby router; the standby router receives a second confirmation message returned by the main router according to the first confirmation message, wherein the second confirmation message carries a main internet interconnection protocol address and a main physical address of the main router; and the standby router sends a third confirmation message to the active router according to the second confirmation message.

Other contents of the embodiments of the present disclosure may refer to the other embodiments described above.

Further, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a routing system, which may include an active router and a standby router, where: when a link between an external router and the active router fails, the active router and the standby router are used for carrying out address exchange processing between the active router and the standby router; and after the active router and the standby router realize address exchange, the standby router is used for sending out the flow of the external router.

It should also be understood that the above description is intended only to assist those skilled in the art in better understanding the embodiments of the present disclosure, and is not intended to limit the scope of the embodiments of the present disclosure. Various equivalent modifications or changes will be apparent to those skilled in the art in light of the above examples given, for example, some steps in the above methods may not be necessary, or some steps may be newly added, etc. Or a combination of any two or more of the above embodiments. Such modifications, variations, or combinations are also within the scope of the embodiments of the present disclosure.

It should also be understood that the foregoing descriptions of the embodiments of the present disclosure have been provided with an emphasis on differences between the various embodiments, and the same or similar components that are not mentioned may be referenced with each other and will not be repeated here for the sake of brevity.

It should also be understood that the sequence numbers of the above-mentioned processes do not mean the execution sequence, and the execution sequence of each process should be determined by its function and inherent logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiment of the present disclosure.

It should also be understood that, in the embodiment of the present disclosure, "preset", "predefined" may be implemented by saving a corresponding code, table, or other means that can be used to indicate related information in advance in a device (e.g., including a network device), and the present disclosure is not limited to the specific implementation manner thereof.

It is also to be understood that the terminology and/or the description of the various embodiments are consistent and mutually exclusive, and that the technical features of the various embodiments may be combined to form a new embodiment according to their inherent logical relationships, unless otherwise specified or logically conflicting, in the various embodiments of the present disclosure.

Examples of routing methods provided by the present disclosure are described in detail above. It is understood that the external router, the active router and the standby router include hardware structures and/or software modules for performing the functions. Those of skill in the art will readily appreciate that the various illustrative elements and algorithm steps described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented as hardware or combinations of hardware and computer software. Whether a function is performed in hardware or computer software drives hardware depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the solution. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality in varying ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present disclosure.

The network device provided by the present disclosure will be described below.

Further, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides an active router, which may include: the first processing unit is configured to, when a link between an external router and the active router fails, implement address exchange processing between the active router and a standby router, so that after the active router and the standby router implement address exchange, the standby router is configured to send out traffic of the external router.

Further, an embodiment of the present disclosure also provides a standby router, which may include: the second processing unit is used for realizing the address exchange processing between the standby router and the main router when the link between the external router and the main router fails; and the first routing unit is used for sending out the flow of the external router through the standby router after the address exchange between the main router and the standby router is realized.

Optionally, the external router, the active router, and the standby router may respectively include a communication unit, and the communication unit may include a receiving unit (module) and a sending unit (module), which are used to respectively perform the steps of receiving and sending information by the external router, the active router, and the standby router in the method embodiment.

Optionally, the active router and the standby router may further include a storage unit, respectively, for storing instructions executed by the first processing unit and the second processing unit, respectively.

It is to be understood that the communication unit may be implemented by a transceiver and the first and second processing units may be implemented by a processor. The storage unit may be implemented by a memory.

Fig. 4 schematically shows a block diagram of a network device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The network device provided by the embodiment of fig. 4 may include the external router, the active router and/or the standby router. As shown in fig. 4, network device 400 may include a processor 410, a memory 420, and a transceiver 430.

The method provided by the embodiment of the disclosure can be executed by a network device or a chip in the network device. When the method provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure is performed by a network device, the processing unit (including the first processing unit and the second processing unit) may be a processor, and each transceiver unit may be a transceiver. The network device may further comprise a storage unit, which may be a memory. The storage unit is used for storing instructions, and the processing unit executes the instructions stored by the storage unit so as to enable the network device to execute the method. When the chip in the network device executes the method, the processing unit may be a processor, and the transceiving unit may be an input/output interface, a pin, a circuit, or the like; the processing unit executes instructions stored in a storage unit, which may be a storage unit (e.g., register, cache, etc.) within the chip or a storage unit (e.g., read-only memory, random access memory, etc.) external to the chip within the network device.

It should be understood that the above division of the units is only a functional division, and other division methods may be possible in actual implementation.

The embodiment of the disclosure also provides a routing device, which includes a processor and an interface; the processor is configured to execute the routing method in any of the method embodiments.

It should be understood that the routing device may be a chip. For example, the routing Device may be a Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), an Application-Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), a System Chip (System on Chip, soC), a Central Processing Unit (CPU), a Network Processor (NP), a Digital Signal processing Circuit (DSP), a microcontroller (Micro Controller Unit, MCU), a Programmable Logic Device (PLD) or other Integrated chips.

In implementation, the steps of the above method may be performed by integrated logic circuits of hardware in a processor or instructions in the form of software. The steps of a method disclosed in connection with the embodiments of the present disclosure may be embodied directly in a hardware processor, or in a combination of hardware and software modules. The software modules may be located in ram, flash, rom, prom, or eprom, registers, etc. as is well known in the art. The storage medium is located in a memory, and a processor reads information in the memory and combines hardware thereof to complete the steps of the method. To avoid repetition, it is not described in detail here.

It should be noted that the processor in the embodiments of the present disclosure may be an integrated circuit chip having signal processing capability. In implementation, the steps of the above method embodiments may be performed by integrated logic circuits of hardware in a processor or instructions in the form of software. The processor may be a general purpose processor, a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), an off-the-shelf programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic device, or discrete hardware components. The various methods, steps, and logic blocks disclosed in the embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented or performed. A general purpose processor may be a microprocessor or the processor may be any conventional processor or the like. The steps of the method disclosed in connection with the embodiments of the present disclosure may be directly implemented by a hardware decoding processor, or implemented by a combination of hardware and software modules in the decoding processor. The software module may be located in ram, flash memory, rom, prom, or eprom, registers, etc. storage media as is well known in the art. The storage medium is located in a memory, and a processor reads information in the memory and combines hardware thereof to complete the steps of the method.

The disclosed embodiments also provide a computer-readable medium, on which a computer program is stored, where the computer program, when executed by a computer, implements the routing method in any of the above method embodiments.

The embodiment of the present disclosure further provides a computer program product, and when executed by a computer, the computer program product implements the routing method in any of the above method embodiments.

The embodiment of the present disclosure further provides a system chip, which includes: a processing unit, which may be, for example, a processor, and a communication unit, which may be, for example, an input/output interface, a pin or a circuit, etc. The processing unit can execute computer instructions to make the chip in the device for multimedia transmission execute any one of the routing methods provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure.

Optionally, the computer instructions are stored in a storage unit.

Optionally, the storage unit is a storage unit in the chip, such as a register, a cache, and the like, and the storage unit may also be a storage unit located outside the chip in the terminal, such as a read-only memory (ROM) or another type of static storage device that can store static information and instructions, a Random Access Memory (RAM), and the like. The processor mentioned in any of the above may be a CPU, a microprocessor, an ASIC, or one or more integrated circuits for controlling the execution of the program of the above routing method. The processing unit and the storage unit may be decoupled, and are respectively disposed on different physical devices, and are connected in a wired or wireless manner to implement respective functions of the processing unit and the storage unit, so as to support the system chip to implement various functions in the foregoing embodiments. Alternatively, the processing unit and the memory may be coupled to the same device.

In the above embodiments, all or part of the implementation may be realized by software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented in software, it may be implemented in whole or in part in the form of a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. The processes or functions according to the embodiments of the present disclosure are produced in whole or in part when the computer instructions are loaded and executed on a computer. The computer may be a general purpose computer, a special purpose computer, a network of computers, or other programmable device. The computer instructions may be stored on a computer readable storage medium or transmitted from one computer readable storage medium to another, for example, from one website, computer, server, or data center to another website, computer, server, or data center via wire (e.g., coaxial cable, fiber optic, digital Subscriber Line (DSL)) or wireless (e.g., infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.). The computer-readable storage medium can be any available medium that can be accessed by a computer or a data storage device, such as a server, a data center, etc., that includes one or more of the available media. The usable medium may be a magnetic medium (e.g., a floppy disk, a hard disk, a magnetic tape), an optical medium (e.g., a Digital Video Disc (DVD)), or a semiconductor medium (e.g., a Solid State Disk (SSD)), among others.

In the several embodiments provided in the present disclosure, it should be understood that the disclosed system, apparatus and method may be implemented in other ways. For example, the above-described apparatus embodiments are merely illustrative, and for example, the division of the unit is only one logical functional division, and other divisions may be realized in practice, for example, a plurality of units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be omitted, or not executed. In addition, the shown or discussed mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection may be an indirect coupling or communication connection through some interfaces, devices or units, and may be in an electrical, mechanical or other form.

The units described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, and parts displayed as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one position, or may be distributed on multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the embodiment.

In addition, functional units in the embodiments of the present disclosure may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist alone physically, or two or more units are integrated into one unit.

Various objects such as various messages/information/devices/network elements/systems/devices/actions/operations/procedures/concepts may be named in the present disclosure, it is to be understood that these specific names do not constitute limitations on related objects, and the named names may vary according to circumstances, contexts, or usage habits, and the understanding of the technical meaning of the technical terms in the present disclosure should be mainly determined by the functions and technical effects embodied/performed in the technical solutions.

In various embodiments of the present disclosure, terms and/or descriptions in different embodiments have consistency and may be mutually cited if not specifically stated or logically conflicting, and technical features in different embodiments may be combined to form a new embodiment according to their inherent logical relationships.

The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present disclosure, but the scope of the present disclosure is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily think of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present disclosure, and shall cover the scope of the present disclosure. Therefore, the protection scope of the present disclosure shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A routing method, comprising:

when a link between an external router and a main router fails, address exchange processing between the main router and a standby router is carried out;

and after the active router and the standby router realize address exchange, the external router sends out flow through the standby router.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein before the failure of the link between the external router and the active router, the method further comprises:

the main router runs a first dynamic routing protocol;

the master router receives and processes a first protocol message sent by the external router, and maintains the protocol state of the first dynamic routing protocol;

and the active router sends a first negotiation message generated according to the first protocol message to the external router.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein when a link between an external router and an active router fails, performing an address exchange process between the active router and a standby router includes:

when a link between the external router and the main router fails, the main router sends a notification message to the standby router through a main/standby data channel to notify the standby router of main/standby switching;

the standby router receives the notification message sent by the main router, and returns a first confirmation message generated according to the notification message to the main router, wherein the first confirmation message carries a standby internet protocol address and a standby physical address of the standby router;

the master router receives the first confirmation message sent by the standby router, and returns a second confirmation message generated according to the first confirmation message to the standby router, wherein the second confirmation message carries a master internet protocol address and a master physical address of the master router;

and the standby router receives the second confirmation message sent by the active router and returns a third confirmation message generated according to the second confirmation message to the active router.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein the second acknowledgement packet further carries a protocol state in the active router.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein after the active router and the standby router implement address switching, the external router sends out traffic via the standby router, including:

after the main router and the standby router realize address exchange, the standby router broadcasts an address resolution protocol message;

after the external router receives the ARP message broadcasted by the standby router, updating an ARP cache of the external router according to the ARP message;

the external router sends out traffic via a port of the backup router.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein after the active router and the standby router implement address switching, the method further comprises:

the standby router runs a second dynamic routing protocol;

the standby router receives and processes a second protocol message sent by the external router, and maintains the protocol state of the second dynamic routing protocol;

and the standby router sends a second negotiation message generated according to the second protocol message to the external router.

7. A routing method, comprising:

when the active router detects that a link between the active router and an external router fails, the active router executes address exchange processing between the active router and a standby router, so that after the active router and the standby router realize address exchange, the external router sends out traffic through the standby router.

8. The method according to claim 7, wherein when the active router detects that the link between the active router and the external router fails, the active router performs address exchange processing with the standby router, and the method comprises:

when the external router detects that a link between the external router and the main router fails, the main router sends a notification message to the standby router through a main/standby data channel to notify the standby router of main/standby switching;

the master router receives a first confirmation message returned by the standby router according to the notification message, wherein the first confirmation message carries a standby internet protocol address and a standby physical address of the standby router;

the master router returns a second confirmation message generated according to the first confirmation message to the standby router, wherein the second confirmation message carries a master internet protocol address and a master physical address of the master router;

and the active router receives a third confirmation message returned by the standby router according to the second confirmation message.

9. A routing method, comprising:

when a link between an external router and a main router fails, a standby router executes address exchange processing between the standby router and the main router;

and after the active router and the standby router realize address exchange, the standby router sends out the flow of the external router.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein when the link between the external router and the active router fails, the standby router performs an address exchange process with the active router, and the address exchange process includes:

when a link between the external router and the main router fails, the standby router receives a notification message sent by the main router;

the standby router returns a first confirmation message to the main router according to the notification message, wherein the first confirmation message carries a standby internet protocol address and a standby physical address of the standby router;

the standby router receives a second confirmation message returned by the active router according to the first confirmation message, wherein the second confirmation message carries the active internet protocol address and the active physical address of the active router;

and the standby router sends a third confirmation message to the active router according to the second confirmation message.

11. A routing system is characterized by comprising an active router and a standby router, wherein:

when a link between an external router and the active router fails, the active router and the standby router are used for carrying out address exchange processing between the active router and the standby router;

and after the active router and the standby router realize address exchange, the standby router is used for sending out the flow of the external router.

12. A master router, comprising:

the first processing unit is configured to, when a link between an external router and the active router fails, implement address exchange processing between the active router and a standby router, so that after the active router and the standby router implement address exchange, the standby router is configured to send out traffic of the external router.

13. A backup router, comprising:

the second processing unit is used for realizing the address exchange processing between the standby router and the main router when the link between the external router and the main router fails;

and the first routing unit is used for sending out the flow of the external router through the standby router after the address exchange between the main router and the standby router is realized.

14. A computer-readable storage medium, in which a computer program is stored which, when being executed by a processor, carries out the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6 or the method according to any one of claims 7 to 8 or the method according to any one of claims 9 to 10.