CN115828786A - Method for calculating silt reduction amount of silt dam system in secondary flood process - Google Patents
Method for calculating silt reduction amount of silt dam system in secondary flood process Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for calculating silt dam system silt reducing capacity in a secondary flood process, which comprises the steps of firstly collecting field runoff and silt data of a basin control hydrological station, and collecting basin rainfall data, a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and land utilization type data, silt dam design data (comprising dam site distribution point positions, control areas, dam heights, drainage buildings and the like); secondly, establishing a watershed sub-storm water-sand response model according to the actually measured runoff sediment data; constructing a watershed hydrographic hydrodynamic model; simulating a watershed secondary flood process of the situation that the silt dam system is not constructed and is constructed under the same rainfall condition; calculating runoff erosion power under different dam construction situations according to a flood simulation result of the cross section of the drainage basin outlet, and determining a sand transportation module by using a sub-storm water-sand response model; and finally, obtaining the sand reduction amount of the basin check dam system based on the sand conveying modulus. The method for calculating the sand reduction amount of the silt dam system in the secondary flood process provides technical support for evaluating the sand reduction potential of the dam system in each operation stage under the secondary flood condition.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of water and soil loss treatment, in particular to a method for calculating the sand reduction amount of a silt dam system in a secondary flood process. And a sub-storm water-sand response model and a hydrokinetic model are utilized to provide a reference basis for calculating the sand reduction amount of the silt dam system under the sub-flood scale.
Background
The loess plateau area has broken landform, weak soil corrosion resistance, serious water and soil loss causes ecological environment deterioration, people's life and property safety faces hidden danger, and social and economic development is greatly restricted. In order to control the serious water and soil loss phenomenon, china implements ecological measures such as terraced fields and the like on the slope surface, implements engineering measures such as the construction of a silt dam, a sand blocking dam and the like on the channel, plays an important role in regulating and controlling the process of producing and transporting sand in a river basin, and obviously reduces the amount of entering yellow silt.
Wherein, the sand reduction function of the silt dam is mainly expressed as direct sand blocking and indirect erosion reduction. The direct sand blocking function means that the dam body blocks the flood from transferring, so that the sediment is forced to settle and deposit, and the sediment is directly blocked in the dam reservoir. The indirect erosion reduction is mainly shown in three aspects: firstly, the formed sludge can cover the valley part with serious erosion, and the part can not be eroded any more; secondly, after the check dam is built, the concave side slope in the drainage basin is increased, the main stress and the maximum pressure yield area volume at the dam site are reduced, the stress concentration degree of the side slope is reduced, and the gravity erosion can be slowed down to a certain degree; thirdly, the construction of the check dam reduces the water flow velocity and the erosion energy of the channel within a certain range, and further reduces the erosion of runoff on the channel. At present, a calculation method for silt reducing capacity of a silt dam is evaluated mostly through erosion modulus, sedimentation profile layering of the silt dam and the like, but the methods are not applicable to the evaluation of the silt reducing capacity of the whole dam system under a secondary flood condition and have the problem of incomplete results, so that the calculation method for the silt dam system silt reducing capacity in the secondary flood process is urgently needed to be provided, and technical support is provided for further determining or predicting the silt reducing potential of the river basin silt dam system and for the construction planning of the silt dam.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for calculating the silt reducing amount of a silt dam system in a secondary flood process, which utilizes a secondary storm water-sand response model and a hydrological hydrodynamic model and provides a reference basis for calculating the silt reducing amount of the silt dam system under the secondary flood scale.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a method for calculating the sand reduction amount of a silt dam system in a secondary flood process specifically comprises the following steps:
step 4, inputting the measured erosive field rainfall of the drainage basin by using the drainage basin hydrohydrologic hydrodynamic model established in the step 3, and respectively simulating the drainage basin sub-flood process of the situation that the silt dam system is not constructed and is constructed under the same rainfall condition;
and 6, determining the sand reduction amount of the river basin check dam system based on the sand conveying modulus obtained in the step 5.
The step 2 specifically comprises the following steps:
step 2.1, selecting a plurality of typical field scale runoff and sediment data, wherein the detailed and complete actual measurement data of a sample is taken as a selection premise, and the sample containing maximum sand contents in different periods and different magnitudes is taken as a selection basis to be selected;
step 2.2, calculating a flood peak flow modulus Q 'according to the selected field runoff data' m And runoff depth H, further obtaining runoff erosion power P of each flood, wherein the specific calculation process is as follows:
Q′ m ＝Q m /A (1)
wherein, Q' m Represents the peak flow modulus in m 3 /(s·km 2 )；Q m Represents the peak flow of flood in m 3 S; a represents the control area of the selected section in km 2 ；
H＝W/A×10 -6 (2)
Wherein H represents the average runoff depth and has the unit of m; w represents the total flood volume in m 3 ；
P＝Q′ m H (3)
Wherein, P runoffErosion Power in m 4 /(s·km 2 )；
Step 2.3, calculating the sand transportation modulus M according to the selected field sediment data s The calculation formula is as follows:
M s ＝S general assembly /A (4)
Wherein M is s Is the sand transport modulus with the unit of t/km 2 ，S General assembly The unit is t and is the total sand transportation amount in a field;
step 2.4, obtaining runoff erosion power P and sand transportation modulus M according to the obtained runoff erosion power P and the obtained sand transportation modulus M s Performing power function fitting, and establishing a functional form of a basin sub-storm water-sand response model as follows:
M s ＝aP b (5)
wherein, alpha is an influence coefficient for comprehensively reflecting the factors of the topography, soil and vegetation of the drainage basin to the sand transportation of the drainage basin, and b is an influence index for reflecting the influence of rainfall and surface runoff to the sand transportation of the drainage basin.
The step 3 specifically comprises the following steps:
step 3.1, defining a basin simulation range, a grid and a surface elevation according to the data of the digital elevation model DEM obtained in the step 1, assigning values to climate and underground water net supply according to basin meteorological data and surface infiltration data, setting a surface runoff module by using land use types and roughness data, defining initial conditions and boundary conditions, and constructing a distributed hydrological model MIKE SHE considering the surface runoff module:
3.2, extracting river network and channel sections according to the data of the digital elevation model DEM obtained in the step 1, setting water retaining buildings such as a silt dam and the like, defining a boundary file and a hydraulic parameter file, and constructing a hydrodynamic model MIKE 11 file;
and 3.3, coupling and linking the distributed hydrological model MIKE SHE and the hydrodynamic model MIKE 11 file, and carrying out calibration verification on the models.
The step 5 specifically comprises the following steps:
step 5.1, outputting a simulation result of the hydrokinetic model, extracting a secondary flood process at the outlet section of the drainage basin, and calculating the peak flow Q m And the total flood amount W;
step 5.2, respectively obtaining flood peak flow modulus Q 'according to flood peak flow and total flood amount' m And runoff depth H, and further calculating runoff erosion power P;
step 5.3, substituting runoff erosion power P before and after the construction of the silt region dam system into the sub-storm water-sand response model established in the step 2.4 to respectively obtain corresponding sand transportation modulus M s 。
The step 6 specifically comprises the following steps:
step 6.1, according to the formula (4) in the step 2.3, the sand transportation modulus M under the situation of non-construction and non-construction of the silt dam system is passed s Respectively calculating the sand transporting total amount under two scenes;
step 6.2 sediment transport amount S under the condition of not building dam General (1) Subtract sand transport amount S 'under dam construction scene' General assembly And obtaining the sand reduction amount of the basin silting dam system in the secondary flood process.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the method combines a sub-storm water and sand response model and a hydrokinetic model, solves the problem of short method for quantifying the sand reduction capacity of a single-field Hong Shuixia silt dam system at present, wherein the sub-storm water and sand response model is determined by actual observation data of the river basin water and sand, the establishment process is convenient and fast, the prediction precision of the sand transportation modulus is high, the method can predict the sand reduction capacity of the river basin silt dam system under the sub-flood condition, and provides technical support for the construction and planning of the silt dam. Establishing a basin sub-storm water-sand response model according to the actually measured runoff sediment data; constructing a watershed hydrographic hydrodynamic model; simulating a basin secondary flood process of the non-construction and non-construction situations of the silt dam system under the same rainfall condition; calculating runoff erosion power under different dam construction situations according to a flood simulation result of the cross section of the drainage basin outlet, and determining a sand transportation module by using a sub-storm water-sand response model; and finally, obtaining the sand reduction amount of the basin check dam system based on the sand conveying modulus. The method for calculating the sand reduction amount of the silt dam system in the secondary flood process provides technical support for evaluating the sand reduction potential of the dam system in each operation stage under the secondary flood condition.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for calculating the amount of sand reduction of a check dam system according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an overview of the West Liu Gouliu domain in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a Severe storm water and sand response model of the Xiliu gully basin in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a comparison between the sand-transporting analog-digital simulation value and the measured value of the Xiliu gully basin sub-storm water-sand response model in the embodiment of the invention;
fig. 5 shows the flood process line of the drainage basin before and after the construction of the west willow ditch dam system in the embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any creative effort based on the embodiments in the present invention, belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiment is as follows: as shown in fig. 1-5, because the riverbeds of the inner Mongolia river reach of the yellow river are seriously silted, the flood control and the ice control of the yellow river have serious hidden troubles, the contradiction between the supply and demand of regional water resources is increasingly prominent, and the sustainable development of the local economic society is severely restricted. In order to relieve the problems of local water resource shortage contradiction and water and soil loss, the West Liu Gouliu field in Ordors city is taken as a pilot drainage field, a newly-built sand-blocking dam system project is planned, and treatment measures for effectively relieving water and soil loss, water resource replacement and yellow river flood control and ice prevention pressure are further explored. Therefore, the method for calculating the sand reduction amount of the silt dam system in the secondary flood process takes the west willow ditch basin as an example, and calculates the sand reduction amount of the newly built sand blocking dam system in the basin as shown in fig. 2. Since the engineering structure of the sand blocking dam is the same as that of the silt dam and the technical requirements are consistent, the sand blocking dam is regarded as the silt dam to be calculated in the embodiment. The specific process is as follows:
the DEM data of the Xiliu gully basin is derived from 30 m-resolution topographic data published by a geospatial data cloud platform (http:// www.gscloud.cn /), and the runoff, sediment and rainfall data of the faucet turning hydrological station of the basin control station in 1961-1990 and 2007-2012 are derived from the hydrological data of the yellow river basin. The land utilization data is from a China land utilization status remote sensing monitoring database (http:// www.resdc.cn), and the precision is 30m. The data of the regional sand blocking dam comprises dam type, dam site, reservoir capacity, dam height and the like.
According to an extract table of hydrological elements of the historical flood of a faucet turning hydrological station of a control station in the west Liu Gouliu domain, runoff and sediment data of 22 typical secondary floods are selected, and runoff erosion power and sand transportation modulus table 1 is calculated respectively.
Table 1 typical storm flood parameters
As shown in fig. 3, a Xiliu gully basin sub-storm water and sand response model is established by fitting:
M S ＝778026P 0.9713 R 2 ＝0.88
and further selecting another 17 fields of flood to verify the west Liu Gou rainstorm water-sand response model established above (table 2), wherein the average relative error Re of the sand transportation modulus simulation value is 20.19%, and the coefficient is determined to reach 0.91, which indicates that the prediction simulation precision of the model is reliable.
TABLE 2 storm water and sand response model verification
In order to simulate the sub-flood process of the west willow ditch basin, MIKE SHE and MIKE 11 hydrokinetic models are constructed. Selecting an Overland Flow module (and calculating an engine by using a finite difference method) and a river and lake module in a Simulation Specification (Simulation Specification) option of a MIKE SHE hydrological model ([ shell ]); importing a river basin boundary file (. Shp) in a Model range and Grid (Model Domain and Grid) option to define a Model range, and discretizing a river basin by a 100 x 100m scale Grid; converting the DEM into a point file (. Shp) by utilizing ArcGIS, importing the DEM into a topograph module to define the elevation of a drainage basin, selecting an Inverse Distance weighting method (Inverse Distance) by an interpolation method, and setting a search radius as 100m; describing parameters of Rainfall capacity (Precipitation Rate) and Net raining proportion (Net rain ratio) of a watershed in a Climate (Climate) option based on actually measured Rainfall data; dividing land utilization types into grasslands, woodlands, bare lands, construction lands, cultivated lands, transportation lands, rivers, lakes and ponds and sandy lands according to the topographic features of the west Liu Gouliu area, respectively assigning the Manning coefficients of each land utilization type through ArcGIS and inputting the Manning coefficients (Manning Number) modules, wherein the Manning coefficients of each area are shown in Table 3; in the embodiment, the Detention Storage function of the sediment Storage dam is reflected by the Detention Storage amount (Detention Storage) in the MIKE SHE, and as the engineering is newly built, according to the height of each dam, point elements in each dam control range are respectively assigned by ArcGIS and then input into a Detention Storage amount module.
TABLE 3 Manning coefficient values for different land utilizations
MIKE 11 model (. Sim 11) was constructed as follows: firstly, extracting a river network vector file by using a river basin DEM in ArcSWAT, then importing the river network vector file into a model river network file (. Nwk 11) and generating 18 river channels together; extracting the on-way section of each channel by a 3D analysis tool in ArcGIS, and storing the on-way section as a TXT format import section file (. Xns); in this example, groundwater recharge was not considered when setting the boundary file (. Bnd 11), and since the upstream boundaries of each tributary were located at the gully head, the upstream boundary flow rates of all the channels were set to 0.001m 3 The downstream water level boundary of the main channel is set to be the lowest point 881.47m of the outlet section of the main channel; except for the fixed value of the riverbed resistance, the attribute page of the riverway hydraulic parameter file ([ hd11 ]) adopts default parametersA value; and finally integrating the 4 files in the MIKE 11 model. Finally, the watershed MIKE 11 file is linked in river and lake options of the west Liu Gou MIKE SHE model to complete the watershed hydrological hydrodynamic model building.
Further carrying out calibration verification on the model, respectively selecting 2 rainfall floods for model simulation precision evaluation in a rate period and a verification period, wherein the relative errors Re of peak flow in the calibration period are 9.91 percent and 4.74 percent, NSE is 0.81 and 0.87 respectively 2 0.86 and 0.88; the validation periods Re were 8.22% and 11.03%, NSE was 0.64 and 0.66, respectively 2 0.78 and 0.71. The rate periodicity and the verification period NSE are both higher than 0.6, which shows that the reliability of the model built in the research is higher.
The example selects a rain model with a high frequency of occurrence in the west Liu Gouliu field for simulation explanation, and the rainfall flood number of the rain model is 19880626. MIKE software is used for converting the model into a time sequence file (·. Dfs 0) input model, the model is operated under the situation that the sand blocking dam system is not built and is built respectively, the flood process at the outlet of the drainage basin is obtained, and the result is shown in fig. 4.
Further calculating runoff erosion power P at the outlet of the watershed under the situation of the non-construction and the construction of the sand retaining dam system to be 1.96 multiplied by 10 and 8.00 multiplied by 10 respectively through formulas (1) to (3) -5 m 4 /(s·km 2 ) Further obtaining a sand-transporting modulus M through a Xiliu ditch basin sub-storm water-sand response model s 192.24, 81.68t/km respectively 2 The control area of the outlet section is 1129.39km 2 The sand transportation amount of the field under the two situations is 22.05,9.22 ten thousand t respectively, so that the sand reduction amount of the sand barrage system of Liu Gouliu area under the flood is 12.82 ten thousand t.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (5)
1. A method for calculating the sand reduction amount of a silt dam system in a secondary flood process is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, collecting field runoff and sediment data of a basin control hydrological station, and collecting basin rainfall data, silt dam design data, a digital elevation model DEM and land utilization type data, wherein the silt dam design data comprises dam site distribution point positions, control areas, dam heights and drainage buildings;
step 2, calculating runoff erosion power and sand transportation modulus under different floods according to the field runoff and sediment data collected in the step 1, and establishing a watershed sub-storm water-sand response model;
step 3, constructing a basin hydrological hydrodynamic model according to the digital elevation model DEM, the basin rainfall data, the land utilization type data and the design data of the silty dam collected in the step 1;
step 4, inputting the measured erosive field rainfall of the watershed by using the watershed hydrohydrological hydrodynamic model established in the step 3, and respectively simulating the watershed secondary flood process of the situation that the silt dam system is not built or is built under the same rainfall condition;
step 5, based on the step 4, extracting runoff simulation results at the outlet section of the drainage basin, determining runoff erosion power under different dam construction situations, and calculating corresponding sand transportation modulus by using the sub-storm water sand response model established in the step 2;
and 6, determining the sand reduction amount of the basin silt dam system based on the sand conveying modulus obtained in the step 5.
2. The method for calculating the sand reduction amount of the silt dam system in the secondary flood process according to claim 1, wherein the step 2 specifically comprises the following steps:
step 2.1, selecting a plurality of typical field scale runoff and sediment data, wherein the detailed and complete actual measurement data of a sample is taken as a selection premise, and the sample containing maximum sand contents in different periods and different magnitudes is taken as a selection basis to be selected;
step 2.2, calculating a flood peak flow modulus Q 'according to the selected field runoff data' m And runoff depth H, further obtaining runoff erosion power P of each flood, wherein the specific calculation process is as follows:
Q′ m ＝Q m /A (1)
wherein, Q' m Represents the peak flow modulus in m 3 /(s·km 2 )；Q m Represents the peak flow of flood in m 3 S; a represents the control area of the selected section in km 2 ；
H＝W/A×10 -6 (2)
Wherein H represents the average runoff depth and has the unit of m; w represents the total flood volume in m 3 ；
P＝Q′ m H (3)
Wherein, the P runoff erosion power is m 4 /(s·km 2 )；
Step 2.3, calculating sand transportation modulus M according to the selected field sediment data 5 The calculation formula is as follows:
M s ＝S general assembly /A (4)
Wherein M is s Is the sand transport modulus with the unit of t/km 2 ，S General assembly The unit is t and is the total sand transportation amount in a field;
step 2.4, obtaining runoff erosion power P and sand transportation modulus M according to the obtained runoff erosion power P and the obtained sand transportation modulus M s Performing power function fitting, and establishing a functional form of a basin sub-storm water and sand response model as follows:
M s ＝aP b (5)
wherein, alpha is an influence coefficient which comprehensively reflects factors of the topography, soil and vegetation of the drainage basin to the sediment transport of the drainage basin, and b is an influence index which reflects rainfall and surface runoff to the sediment transport of the drainage basin.
3. The method for calculating the sand reduction amount of the silt dam system in the secondary flood process according to claim 1, wherein the step 3 specifically comprises the following steps:
step 3.1, defining a basin simulation range, a grid and an earth surface elevation according to the data of the digital elevation model DEM acquired in the step 1, assigning values to climate and underground water net supply according to basin meteorological and earth surface infiltration data, setting an earth surface runoff module by using land utilization type and roughness data, defining initial conditions and boundary conditions, and constructing a distributed hydrological model MIKE SHE considering the earth surface runoff module;
3.2, extracting river network and channel sections according to the data of the digital elevation model DEM obtained in the step 1, setting water retaining buildings such as a silt dam and the like, defining a boundary file and a hydraulic parameter file, and constructing a hydrodynamic model MIKE 11 file;
and 3.3, coupling and linking the distributed hydrological model MIKE SHE and the hydrodynamic model MIKE 11 file, and carrying out calibration verification on the models.
4. The method for calculating the sand reduction amount of the silt dam system in the secondary flood process according to claim 1, wherein the step 5 specifically comprises the following steps:
step 5.1, outputting a simulation result of the hydrokinetic model, extracting a secondary flood process at the outlet section of the drainage basin, and calculating the peak flow Q m And the total flood amount W;
step 5.2, respectively obtaining a flood peak flow modulus Q according to the flood peak flow and the total flood amount m And runoff depth H, and further calculating runoff erosion power P;
step 5.3, substituting runoff erosion power P before and after the construction of the silt region dam system into the sub-storm water-sand response model established in the step 2.4 to respectively obtain corresponding sand transportation modulus M s 。
5. The method for calculating the sand reduction amount of the silt dam system in the flood treatment process according to claim 1, wherein the step 6 specifically comprises the following steps:
step 6.1, according to the formula (4) in the step 2.3, the sand transportation modulus M under the situation of non-construction and non-construction of the silt dam system is passed s Respectively calculating the sand transporting total amount under two scenes;
step 6.2 sediment transport quantity S under the condition of not building a dam General assembly Subtracting the sand transporting quantity S under the dam construction scene General assembly And obtaining the sand reduction amount of the basin silt dam system in the secondary flood process.
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| CN117495939A (en) * | 2023-09-28 | 2024-02-02 | 黄河流域水土保持生态环境监测中心 | Method for rapidly calculating storage capacity and elevation information of silt dam based on DSM data |
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| CN117495939A (en) * | 2023-09-28 | 2024-02-02 | 黄河流域水土保持生态环境监测中心 | Method for rapidly calculating storage capacity and elevation information of silt dam based on DSM data |
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