CN115823246B - Correction method for mechanical gear shifting of tractor transmission - Google Patents
Correction method for mechanical gear shifting of tractor transmission Download PDFInfo
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- CN115823246B CN115823246B CN202211454296.5A CN202211454296A CN115823246B CN 115823246 B CN115823246 B CN 115823246B CN 202211454296 A CN202211454296 A CN 202211454296A CN 115823246 B CN115823246 B CN 115823246B
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- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 285
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Abstract
The invention discloses a mechanical gear shifting correction system and method for a tractor transmission. According to the invention, under the condition that the gear shifting mechanism is operated initially and the current gear is unknown, the gear shifting mechanism is quickly corrected to the known gear, so that the abrasion of the gear shifting mechanism is reduced, and the safety of a driver in operation is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of farm machinery, and relates to a correction method for mechanical gear shifting of a tractor transmission.
Background
Tractors are common engineering vehicles in agricultural machinery and are widely used in agricultural engineering. Along with the development of modern agriculture, the complexity of actual working conditions is gradually improved, and the tractor is required to meet more frequent and more complex gear shifting operations in the working process, wherein the position correction function under the condition that the initial gear of the tractor is unknown is not perfected, and the method is mainly characterized in that in the gear shifting process of the tractor, the gear shifting error can be caused when the gear is unknown, so that the violent abrasion of a gear shifting gear is caused, the working life is shortened, the operation safety of the tractor is influenced, and potential safety hazards are generated.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to avoid the problems, the invention provides a correction system and a method for mechanical gear shifting of a tractor transmission, which aim to realize the gear position correction and control function of the tractor under the condition that the current gear is unknown through the coordination of a gear shifting fork and a gear sensor signal, prevent the gear shifting error, ensure the gear interlocking, reduce the abrasion of a gear shifting mechanism and ensure the driving safety.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme for solving the technical problems:
The invention relates to a correction system for mechanical gear of a tractor transmission, which is characterized by comprising the following components: the hydraulic control system comprises an oil tank, an oil pump, a two-position three-way reversing valve, a 1/2 gear oil way check valve, a 3/4 gear oil way check valve, a 1/2 gear mechanical valve, a 3/4 gear mechanical valve, a 1/2 gear branch oil way check valve, a 3/4 gear branch oil way check valve, a 1/2 gear three-position four-way reversing valve, a 3/4 gear three-position four-way reversing valve, a1 gear electromagnetic valve, a 2 gear electromagnetic valve, a 3 gear electromagnetic valve, a 4 gear electromagnetic valve, a 1/2 gear shift cylinder, a 3/4 gear shift cylinder, a 1/2 gear sensor and a 3/4 gear sensor;
the oil tank supplies oil to the 1/2 gear shift oil cylinder and the 3/4 gear shift oil cylinder through an oil pump respectively;
When the two-position three-way reversing valve is at the left position, the lower oil cavity of the two-position three-way reversing valve is communicated with the oil outlet of the oil pump, the upper right oil cavity of the two-position three-way reversing valve is communicated with the oil inlet of the 1/2 gear oil way one-way valve, and the upper left oil cavity of the two-position three-way reversing valve is communicated with the oil tank;
When the two-position three-way reversing valve is in the right position, the lower oil cavity of the two-position three-way reversing valve is communicated with the oil outlet of the oil pump, the upper left oil cavity of the two-position three-way reversing valve is communicated with the oil inlet of the 3/4-gear oil way one-way valve, and the upper right oil cavity of the two-position three-way reversing valve is communicated with the oil tank;
When the 1/2 gear mechanical valve is in a left position or a right position under the control of the shifting fork, the oil cavities of the 1/2 gear mechanical valve are in a cut-off state;
When the 1/2 gear mechanical valve is in the middle position under the control of the shifting fork, an upper left oil cavity of the 1/2 gear mechanical valve is connected with a lower left oil cavity of the 1/2 gear three-position four-way reversing valve, an upper right oil cavity of the 1/2 gear mechanical valve is respectively connected with an oil inlet of a 1/2 gear branch oil way one-way valve and a lower right oil cavity of the 1/2 gear three-position four-way reversing valve, a lower left oil cavity of the 1/2 gear mechanical valve is connected with an oil tank, and a lower right oil cavity of the 1/2 gear mechanical valve is connected with an oil outlet of the 1/2 gear oil way one-way valve;
An upper left oil cavity of the 1/2-gear three-position four-way reversing valve is communicated with a lower oil cavity of the 1-gear electromagnetic valve, and an upper right oil cavity of the 1/2-gear three-position four-way reversing valve is communicated with a lower oil cavity of the 2-gear electromagnetic valve;
When the 3/4 gear mechanical valve is in a left position or a right position under the control of the shifting fork, the oil cavities of the 3/4 gear mechanical valve are in a cut-off state;
When the 3/4 gear mechanical valve is in the middle position under the control of the shifting fork, an upper left oil cavity of the 3/4 gear mechanical valve is respectively connected with an oil inlet of a 3/4 gear branch oil way one-way valve and a lower left oil cavity of the 3/4 gear three-position four-way reversing valve, an upper right oil cavity of the 3/4 gear mechanical valve is connected with a lower right oil cavity of the 3/4 gear three-position four-way reversing valve, a lower left oil cavity of the 3/4 gear mechanical valve is connected with an oil outlet of the 3/4 gear oil way one-way valve, and a lower right oil cavity of the 3/4 gear mechanical valve is connected with an oil tank;
An upper left oil cavity of the 3/4-gear three-position four-way reversing valve is communicated with a lower oil cavity of the 3-gear electromagnetic valve, and an upper right oil cavity of the 3/4-gear three-position four-way reversing valve is communicated with a lower oil cavity of the 4-gear electromagnetic valve;
The 1/2 gear mechanical valve and the 1/2 gear three-position four-way reversing valve are controlled by a shift fork led out by a piston of a 1/2 gear shift cylinder;
The 3/4 gear mechanical valve and the 3/4 gear three-position four-way reversing valve are controlled by a shift fork led out by a piston of the 3/4 gear shift cylinder;
The upper left oil cavity of the 1-gear electromagnetic valve is communicated with the oil tank, and the upper right oil cavity of the 1-gear electromagnetic valve is communicated with the rodless cavity of the 1/2-gear shifting oil cylinder;
The upper left oil cavity of the 2-gear electromagnetic valve is communicated with a rod cavity of a 1/2-gear shifting oil cylinder, and the upper right oil cavity of the 2-gear electromagnetic valve is communicated with the oil tank;
The upper left oil cavity of the 3-gear electromagnetic valve is communicated with the oil tank, and the upper right oil cavity of the 3-gear electromagnetic valve is communicated with a rod cavity of the 3/4-gear shifting oil cylinder;
the upper left oil cavity of the 4-gear electromagnetic valve is communicated with a rodless cavity of a 3/4-gear shifting oil cylinder, and the upper right oil cavity of the 4-gear electromagnetic valve is communicated with the oil tank;
The 1/2 gear sensor feeds corresponding gear signals back to the upper gear engaging system when the gear shifting fork is in 1 gear, middle position and 2 gear;
the 3/4 gear sensor feeds corresponding gear signals back to the upper gear engaging system when the gear shifting fork is in 3 gears, middle gears and 4 gears.
The invention relates to a correction method for mechanical gear shifting of a tractor transmission, which is characterized by being applied to a correction system and comprising the following steps of:
Step 1.1, if the tractor is hung into a 1/2 gear, executing step 1.2; otherwise, the tractor is hung into a 3/4 gear, and the step 1.6 is executed;
Step 1.2, switching the two-position three-way reversing valve to a 3/4 gear oil way, and executing step 1.3;
step 1.3, controlling the 3/4 gear mechanical valve by using a gear shifting fork, after adjusting the gear shifting fork to the middle position, conducting an oil way to a 1/2 gear oil way through the 3/4 gear mechanical valve and a 3/4 gear branch oil way, controlling the 1/2 gear mechanical valve by using the gear shifting fork to keep the middle position so as to complete gear interlocking, and executing step 1.4;
Step 1.4, for a 1/2 gear oil way, firstly supplying oil to a target gear direction, if a median signal is acquired, indicating that the initial position of a shifting fork is between the median and another gear, and continuing supplying oil to the target gear direction to finish gear engagement operation; if the target gear signal is acquired, the initial position of the shifting fork is positioned between the target gear and the middle position, and the gear shifting operation is completed, otherwise, the step 1.5 is executed;
Step 1.5, supplying oil to the reverse direction of a target gear in a 1/2 gear oil way, if another gear signal is acquired, indicating that a shifting fork is jammed, continuing supplying oil to the target gear direction to carry out gear shifting operation, and recording the number N of the gear shifting operation, and returning to step 1.3 when N is less than or equal to N, otherwise, indicating a system gear shifting fault, carrying out system error reporting, wherein N indicates a gear shifting number threshold;
step 1.6, switching the two-position three-way reversing valve to a 1/2 gear oil way, and executing step 1.7;
step 1.7, controlling the 1/2 gear mechanical valve by using a gear shifting fork, after adjusting the gear shifting fork to the middle position, conducting an oil way to a 3/4 gear oil way through the 1/2 gear mechanical valve and a 1/2 gear branch oil way, controlling the 3/4 gear mechanical valve by using the gear shifting fork to keep the middle position so as to complete gear interlocking, and executing step 1.8;
Step 1.8, for a 3/4 gear oil way, oil is firstly supplied to a target gear direction, if a median signal is acquired, the initial position of the shifting fork is positioned between the median and another gear, and oil is continuously supplied to the target gear direction so as to finish gear engagement operation; if the target gear signal is acquired, the initial position of the shifting fork is positioned between the target gear and the middle position, and the gear shifting operation is completed, otherwise, the step 1.9 is executed;
and 1.9, supplying oil to the reverse direction of the target gear in a 3/4 gear oil way, if another gear signal is acquired, indicating that a shifting fork is blocked, continuing supplying oil to the target gear direction to carry out gear shifting operation, and recording the number of gear shifting operation times N, returning to the step 1.3 when N is less than or equal to N, otherwise, indicating that the system is in gear shifting failure, and carrying out system error reporting.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. According to the invention, on the basis of the original tractor gear shifting hydraulic oil way, the two-position three-way reversing valve is added at the front section of the gear shifting oil way, so that the automatic switching of the hydraulic oil of the gear shifting oil way is realized, and the interference condition between the oil ways is avoided;
2. According to the invention, a mechanical valve controlled by a gear shifting fork is respectively added on the 1/2 gear and 3/4 gear oil paths, so that the other oil path is ensured to keep the middle position in the gear shifting process, gear shifting interference is avoided, interlocking is realized, and a safety precondition is provided for correcting the gear position;
3. The invention combines the cooperation of the shift fork and the gear sensor signal, can timely know the accuracy of each gear engaging operation, ensures that the current gear engaging condition is acquired after gear engaging is corrected, thereby carrying out accurate gear engaging operation and reducing the repeated operation time;
4. According to the invention, one-way valve is respectively added between the three-position four-way reversing valve and the two gear oil way mechanical valves and between the 1/2 gear oil way branch and the 3/4 gear oil way branch, so that the hydraulic oil is prevented from flowing backwards in the process of switching the oil ways, and the safety of the oil ways is further protected.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a mechanical shift control system for a tractor transmission of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method of controlling mechanical shifting of a tractor transmission according to the present invention;
Reference numerals in the drawings: 1-an oil tank; 2-an oil pump; 3-two-position three-way reversing valve; a 4-1/2 gear oil way check valve; 5-3/4 gear oil way reversing valve; 6-1/2 gear oil way mechanical valve; 7-3/4 gear oil way mechanical valve; 8-1/2 gear branch oil way check valve; 9-3/4 gear branch oil way check valve; 10-1/2 gear three-position four-way reversing valve; 11-3/4 gear three-position four-way reversing valve; 12-1 gear electromagnetic valve; 13-2 gear electromagnetic valve; 14-3 gear electromagnetic valve; 15-4 th electromagnetic valve; a 16-1/2 gear shifting oil cylinder; 17-3/4 gear shift oil cylinder; an 18-1/2 gear sensor; a 19-3/4 gear sensor; 20-variator.
Detailed Description
In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, a mechanical shift control system for a tractor transmission includes: an oil tank 1; an oil pump 2; a two-position three-way reversing valve 3; a 1/2 gear oil way check valve 4; a 3/4 gear oil way reversing valve 5; a 1/2 gear oil way mechanical valve 6; a 3/4 gear oil way mechanical valve 7; a 1/2 gear branch oil way check valve 8; a 3/4 gear branch oil way check valve 9; a 1/2 gear three-position four-way reversing valve 10; a 3/4 gear three-position four-way reversing valve 11; a1 st electromagnetic valve 12; a 2-gear electromagnetic valve 13; a 3-speed solenoid valve 14; a 4-gear electromagnetic valve 15; a 1/2 shift cylinder 16; a 3/4 shift cylinder 17; a 1/2 shift sensor 18; a 3/4 shift sensor 19; a transmission 20;
The oil tank 1 supplies oil to the 1/2 gear shift oil cylinder 16 and the 3/4 gear shift oil cylinder 17 through the oil pump 2 respectively; wherein, the 1/2 gear shift oil cylinder 16 and the 3/4 gear shift oil cylinder 17 are connected with the speed changer 20;
The oil way connection sequence leading to the 3/4 gear shifting oil cylinder is an oil tank 1, an oil pump 2, a two-position three-way reversing valve 3, a 1/2 gear oil way check valve 4, a 1/2 gear mechanical valve 6, a 1/2 gear branch oil way check valve 8, a 3/4 gear mechanical valve 7, a 3/4 gear three-position four-way reversing valve 11, a 3-gear electromagnetic valve 14 or a 4-gear electromagnetic valve 15 and a 3/4 gear shifting oil cylinder 17 respectively; the 1/2 gear mechanical valve 6 is kept in the middle position through the control of a shifting fork, oil passes through the 1/2 gear branch oil way one-way valve 8, the 3/4 gear mechanical valve 7 is kept in the middle position through the control of the shifting fork, the oil is hung into 3 gear when passing through the 3/4 gear three-position four-way reversing valve 11 and the left position of the 3/4 gear three-position four-way reversing valve 11, and is hung into 4 gear when passing through the right position;
the oil way connection sequence leading to the 1/2 gear shifting oil cylinder is an oil tank 1, an oil pump 2, a two-position three-way reversing valve 3, a 3/4 gear oil way check valve 5, a 3/4 gear mechanical valve 7, a 3/4 gear branch oil way check valve 9, a 1/2 gear mechanical valve 6, a 1/2 gear three-position four-way reversing valve 10, a 1 gear electromagnetic valve 12 or a2 gear electromagnetic valve 13 and a 1/2 gear shifting oil cylinder 16 respectively; the 3/4 gear mechanical valve 7 is kept in the middle position through the control of a shifting fork, oil passes through the 3/4 gear branch oil way one-way valve 9, the 1/2 gear mechanical valve is kept in the middle position through the control of the shifting fork, the oil is put into 1 gear through the 1/2 gear three-position four-way reversing valve 10 and the 1/2 gear three-position four-way reversing valve 10 when the oil passes through the left position, and the oil is put into 2 gear when the oil passes through the right position.
When the two-position three-way reversing valve 3 is positioned at the left position, the lower oil cavity of the two-position three-way reversing valve 3 is communicated with the oil outlet of the oil pump 2, the upper right oil cavity of the two-position three-way reversing valve 3 is communicated with the oil inlet of the 1/2 gear oil way one-way valve 4, and the upper left oil cavity of the two-position three-way reversing valve 3 is communicated with the oil tank 1; when the two-position three-way reversing valve 3 is positioned at the right position, the lower oil cavity of the two-position three-way reversing valve 3 is communicated with the oil outlet of the oil pump 2, the upper left oil cavity of the two-position three-way reversing valve 3 is communicated with the oil inlet of the 3/4-gear oil way one-way valve 5, and the upper right oil cavity of the two-position three-way reversing valve 3 is communicated with the oil tank 1;
When the 1/2 gear mechanical valve 6 is in a left position or a right position under the control of the shifting fork, the oil cavities of the 1/2 gear mechanical valve are all in a cut-off state; when the 1/2 gear mechanical valve 6 is in the middle position under the control of the shifting fork, an upper left oil cavity of the 1/2 gear mechanical valve 6 is connected with a lower left oil cavity of the 1/2 gear three-position four-way reversing valve 10, an upper right oil cavity of the 1/2 gear mechanical valve 6 is respectively connected with an oil inlet of the 1/2 gear branch oil way one-way valve 8 and a lower right oil cavity of the 1/2 gear three-position four-way reversing valve 10, a lower left oil cavity of the 1/2 gear mechanical valve 6 is connected with the oil tank 1, and a lower right oil cavity of the 1/2 gear mechanical valve 6 is connected with an oil outlet of the 1/2 gear oil way one-way valve 4; the upper left oil cavity of the 1/2-gear three-position four-way reversing valve 10 is communicated with the lower oil cavity of the 1-gear electromagnetic valve 12, and the upper right oil cavity of the 1/2-gear three-position four-way reversing valve 10 is communicated with the lower oil cavity of the 2-gear electromagnetic valve 13;
When the 3/4 gear mechanical valve 7 is in a left position or a right position under the control of the shifting fork, the oil cavities of the 3/4 gear mechanical valve are all in a cut-off state; when the 3/4 gear mechanical valve 7 is in the middle position under the control of the shifting fork, an upper left oil cavity of the 3/4 gear mechanical valve 7 is respectively connected with an oil inlet of the 3/4 gear branch oil way one-way valve 9 and a lower left oil cavity of the 3/4 gear three-position four-way reversing valve 11, an upper right oil cavity of the 3/4 gear mechanical valve 7 is connected with a lower right oil cavity of the 3/4 gear three-position four-way reversing valve 11, a lower left oil cavity of the 3/4 gear mechanical valve 7 is connected with an oil outlet of the 3/4 gear oil way one-way valve 5, and a lower right oil cavity of the 3/4 gear mechanical valve 7 is connected with the oil tank 1; the upper left oil cavity of the 3/4-gear three-position four-way reversing valve 11 is communicated with the lower oil cavity of the 3-gear electromagnetic valve 14, and the upper right oil cavity of the 3/4-gear three-position four-way reversing valve 11 is communicated with the lower oil cavity of the 4-gear electromagnetic valve 15;
the 1/2 gear mechanical valve 6 and the 1/2 gear three-position four-way reversing valve 10 are controlled by a gear shifting fork led out by a piston of a 1/2 gear shifting oil cylinder 16; the 3/4 gear mechanical valve 7 and the 3/4 gear three-position four-way reversing valve 11 are controlled by a gear shifting fork led out by a piston of the 3/4 gear shifting oil cylinder 17;
the upper left oil cavity of the 1 st gear electromagnetic valve 12 is communicated with the oil tank 1, and the upper right oil cavity of the 1 st gear electromagnetic valve 12 is communicated with the rodless cavity of the 1/2 th gear shifting oil cylinder 16; the upper left oil cavity of the 2-gear electromagnetic valve 13 is communicated with the rod cavity of the 1/2-gear shifting oil cylinder 16, and the upper right oil cavity of the 2-gear electromagnetic valve 13 is communicated with the oil tank 1; the upper left oil cavity of the 3-gear electromagnetic valve 14 is communicated with the oil tank 1, and the upper right oil cavity of the 3-gear electromagnetic valve 14 is communicated with the rod cavity of the 3/4-gear shifting oil cylinder 17; the upper left oil cavity of the 4-gear electromagnetic valve 15 is communicated with the rodless cavity of the 3/4-gear shifting oil cylinder 17, and the upper right oil cavity of the 4-gear electromagnetic valve 15 is communicated with the oil tank 1;
The 1/2 gear sensor 18 feeds corresponding gear signals back to the upper gear engaging system when the gear shifting fork is in1 gear, middle position and 2 gear; the 3/4 gear sensor 19 feeds back corresponding gear signals to the upper gear system when the shift fork is in 3, middle and 4 gears.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the working process of the mechanical gear control system is simplified into a flowchart, the current target gear is first determined, the two-position three-way reversing valve 3 switches the oil path to another gear, whether the gear sensor signal is received at the moment is judged, if yes, the gear shift operation is directly performed, otherwise, the mechanical valve is controlled to the middle position through the shifting fork in the other gear oil path, then the same operation is performed on the mechanical valve of the target gear oil path, the gear shift operation is performed, the gear shift frequency is recorded as N, the gear shift operation is repeated when N is less than or equal to N, N is the gear shift frequency threshold, otherwise, the system judges that the gear shift is failed, and the system error reporting is performed. Specifically, the mechanical gear-shifting control method for the tractor transmission comprises the following steps:
Step 1.1, if the tractor is hung into a 1/2 gear, executing step 1.2; otherwise, the tractor is hung into a 3/4 gear, and the step 1.6 is executed;
step 1.2, switching the two-position three-way reversing valve 3 to a 3/4 gear oil way, and executing step 1.3;
Step 1.3, controlling the 3/4 gear mechanical valve 7 by using a gear shifting fork, after adjusting the gear shifting fork to the middle position, conducting an oil way to a 1/2 gear oil way through the 3/4 gear mechanical valve 7 and a 3/4 gear branch oil way, controlling the 1/2 gear mechanical valve 6 by using the gear shifting fork to keep the middle position so as to complete gear interlocking, and executing step 1.4;
Step 1.4, for a 1/2 gear oil way, firstly supplying oil to a target gear direction, if a median signal is acquired, indicating that the initial position of a shifting fork is between the median and another gear, and continuing supplying oil to the target gear direction to finish gear engagement operation; if the target gear signal is acquired, the initial position of the shifting fork is positioned between the target gear and the middle position, and the gear shifting operation is completed, otherwise, the step 1.5 is executed;
Step 1.5, supplying oil to the reverse direction of a target gear in a 1/2 gear oil way, if another gear signal is acquired, indicating that a shifting fork is jammed, continuing supplying oil to the target gear direction to carry out gear shifting operation, and recording the number N of the gear shifting operation, and returning to step 1.3 when N is less than or equal to N, otherwise, indicating a system gear shifting fault, carrying out system error reporting, wherein N indicates a gear shifting number threshold;
step 1.6, switching the two-position three-way reversing valve 3 to a 1/2 gear oil way, and executing step 1.7;
Step 1.7, controlling the 1/2 gear mechanical valve 6 by using a gear shifting fork, after adjusting the gear shifting fork to the middle position, conducting an oil way to a 3/4 gear oil way through the 1/2 gear mechanical valve 6 and a 1/2 gear branch oil way, controlling the 3/4 gear mechanical valve 7 by using the gear shifting fork to keep the middle position so as to complete gear interlocking, and executing step 1.8;
Step 1.8, for a 3/4 gear oil way, oil is firstly supplied to a target gear direction, if a median signal is acquired, the initial position of the shifting fork is positioned between the median and another gear, and oil is continuously supplied to the target gear direction so as to finish gear engagement operation; if the target gear signal is acquired, the initial position of the shifting fork is positioned between the target gear and the middle position, and the gear shifting operation is completed, otherwise, the step 1.9 is executed;
and 1.9, supplying oil to the reverse direction of the target gear in a 3/4 gear oil way, if another gear signal is acquired, indicating that a shifting fork is blocked, continuing supplying oil to the target gear direction to carry out gear shifting operation, and recording the number of gear shifting operation times N, returning to the step 1.3 when N is less than or equal to N, otherwise, indicating that the system is in gear shifting failure, and carrying out system error reporting.
In summary, the invention improves the gear system, can effectively solve the problem that the position of the shifting fork is unknown in the process of judging the tractor gear, ensures the effectiveness of the gear engaging operation, reduces the repeated operation of a driver, thereby reducing the abrasion consumption of the gear engaging mechanism, improving the working efficiency and effectively improving the fault tolerance of the gear engaging operation.
Claims (1)
1. A correction method for mechanical gear shifting of a tractor transmission, the correction system comprising: the oil tank (1), the oil pump (2), the two-position three-way reversing valve (3), the 1/2 gear oil way check valve (4), the 3/4 gear oil way check valve (5), the 1/2 gear mechanical valve (6), the 3/4 gear mechanical valve (7), the 1/2 gear branch oil way check valve (8), the 3/4 gear branch oil way check valve (9), the 1/2 gear three-position four-way reversing valve (10), the 3/4 gear three-position four-way reversing valve (11), the 1 gear electromagnetic valve (12), the 2 gear electromagnetic valve (13), the 3 gear electromagnetic valve (14), the 4 gear electromagnetic valve (15), the 1/2 gear shift oil cylinder (16), the 3/4 gear shift oil cylinder (17), the 1/2 gear sensor (18) and the 3/4 gear sensor (19);
the oil tank (1) supplies oil to the 1/2 gear shift oil cylinder (16) and the 3/4 gear shift oil cylinder (17) through an oil pump (2) respectively;
when the two-position three-way reversing valve (3) is positioned at the left position, a lower oil cavity of the two-position three-way reversing valve is communicated with an oil outlet of the oil pump (2), an upper right oil cavity of the two-position three-way reversing valve (3) is communicated with an oil inlet of the 1/2 gear oil way one-way valve (4), and an upper left oil cavity of the two-position three-way reversing valve (3) is communicated with the oil tank (1);
When the two-position three-way reversing valve (3) is positioned at the right position, a lower oil cavity of the two-position three-way reversing valve is communicated with an oil outlet of the oil pump (2), an upper left oil cavity of the two-position three-way reversing valve (3) is communicated with an oil inlet of the 3/4-gear oil way one-way valve (5), and an upper right oil cavity of the two-position three-way reversing valve (3) is communicated with the oil tank (1);
when the 1/2 gear mechanical valve (6) is in a left position or a right position under the control of the shifting fork, the oil cavities of the 1/2 gear mechanical valve are in a cut-off state;
when the 1/2 gear mechanical valve (6) is in the middle position under the control of a shifting fork, an upper left oil cavity of the 1/2 gear mechanical valve (6) is connected with a lower left oil cavity of a 1/2 gear three-position four-way reversing valve (10), an upper right oil cavity of the 1/2 gear mechanical valve (6) is respectively connected with an oil inlet of a 1/2 gear branch oil way one-way valve (8) and a lower right oil cavity of the 1/2 gear three-position four-way reversing valve (10), a lower left oil cavity of the 1/2 gear mechanical valve (6) is connected with an oil tank (1), and a lower right oil cavity of the 1/2 gear mechanical valve (6) is connected with an oil outlet of the 1/2 gear oil way one-way valve (4);
An upper left oil cavity of the 1/2-gear three-position four-way reversing valve (10) is communicated with a lower oil cavity of the 1-gear electromagnetic valve (12), and an upper right oil cavity of the 1/2-gear three-position four-way reversing valve (10) is communicated with a lower oil cavity of the 2-gear electromagnetic valve (13);
the oil cavities of the 3/4 gear mechanical valve (7) are in a cut-off state when the 3/4 gear mechanical valve is in a left position or a right position under the control of a shifting fork;
When the 3/4 gear mechanical valve (7) is in the middle position under the control of a shifting fork, an upper left oil cavity of the 3/4 gear mechanical valve (7) is respectively connected with an oil inlet of a 3/4 gear branch oil way one-way valve (9) and a lower left oil cavity of a 3/4 gear three-way reversing valve (11), an upper right oil cavity of the 3/4 gear mechanical valve (7) is connected with a lower right oil cavity of the 3/4 gear three-way reversing valve (11), a lower left oil cavity of the 3/4 gear mechanical valve (7) is connected with an oil outlet of the 3/4 gear oil way one-way valve (5), and a lower right oil cavity of the 3/4 gear mechanical valve (7) is connected with an oil tank (1);
An upper left oil cavity of the 3/4-gear three-position four-way reversing valve (11) is communicated with a lower oil cavity of the 3-gear electromagnetic valve (14), and an upper right oil cavity of the 3/4-gear three-position four-way reversing valve (11) is communicated with a lower oil cavity of the 4-gear electromagnetic valve (15);
the 1/2 gear mechanical valve (6) and the 1/2 gear three-position four-way reversing valve (10) are controlled by a gear shifting fork led out by a piston of a 1/2 gear shifting oil cylinder (16);
the 3/4 gear mechanical valve (7) and the 3/4 gear three-position four-way reversing valve (11) are controlled by a gear shifting fork led out by a piston of a 3/4 gear shifting oil cylinder (17);
The upper left oil cavity of the 1-gear electromagnetic valve (12) is communicated with the oil tank (1), and the upper right oil cavity of the 1-gear electromagnetic valve (12) is communicated with the rodless cavity of the 1/2-gear shifting oil cylinder (16);
An upper left oil cavity of the 2-gear electromagnetic valve (13) is communicated with a rod cavity of a 1/2-gear shifting oil cylinder (16), and an upper right oil cavity of the 2-gear electromagnetic valve (13) is communicated with the oil tank (1);
An upper left oil cavity of the 3-gear electromagnetic valve (14) is communicated with the oil tank (1), and an upper right oil cavity of the 3-gear electromagnetic valve (14) is communicated with a rod cavity of a 3/4-gear shifting oil cylinder (17);
The upper left oil cavity of the 4-gear electromagnetic valve (15) is communicated with the rodless cavity of the 3/4-gear shifting oil cylinder (17), and the upper right oil cavity of the 4-gear electromagnetic valve (15) is communicated with the oil tank (1);
The 1/2 gear sensor (18) feeds corresponding gear signals back to an upper gear engaging system when the gear shifting fork is in 1 gear, middle position and 2 gear;
the 3/4 gear sensor (19) feeds corresponding gear signals back to the upper gear engaging system when the gear shifting fork is in 3 gears, middle gears and 4 gears; the method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
Step 1.1, if the tractor is hung into a 1/2 gear, executing step 1.2; otherwise, the tractor is hung into a 3/4 gear, and the step 1.6 is executed;
Step 1.2, switching the two-position three-way reversing valve (3) to a 3/4 gear oil way, and executing the step 1.3;
step 1.3, a gear shift fork is utilized to control a 3/4 gear mechanical valve (7) to adjust the gear shift fork to the middle position, an oil way is communicated with a 3/4 gear branch oil way to a 1/2 gear oil way through the 3/4 gear mechanical valve (7), the gear shift fork is utilized to control the 1/2 gear mechanical valve (6) to keep the middle position, so that gear interlocking is completed, and step 1.4 is executed;
Step 1.4, for a 1/2 gear oil way, firstly supplying oil to a target gear direction, if a median signal is acquired, indicating that the initial position of a shifting fork is between the median and another gear, and continuing supplying oil to the target gear direction to finish gear engagement operation; if the target gear signal is acquired, the initial position of the shifting fork is positioned between the target gear and the middle position, and the gear shifting operation is completed, otherwise, the step 1.5 is executed;
Step 1.5, supplying oil to the reverse direction of a target gear in a 1/2 gear oil way, if another gear signal is acquired, indicating that a shifting fork is jammed, continuing supplying oil to the target gear direction to carry out gear shifting operation, and recording the number N of the gear shifting operation, and returning to step 1.3 when N is less than or equal to N, otherwise, indicating a system gear shifting fault, carrying out system error reporting, wherein N indicates a gear shifting number threshold;
Step 1.6, switching the two-position three-way reversing valve (3) to a 1/2 gear oil way, and executing step 1.7;
step 1.7, controlling the 1/2 gear mechanical valve (6) by using a gear shifting fork, after adjusting the gear shifting fork to the middle position, conducting an oil way to a 3/4 gear oil way through the 1/2 gear mechanical valve (6) and a 1/2 gear branch oil way, controlling the 3/4 gear mechanical valve (7) by using the gear shifting fork to keep the middle position so as to complete gear interlocking, and executing step 1.8;
Step 1.8, for a 3/4 gear oil way, oil is firstly supplied to a target gear direction, if a median signal is acquired, the initial position of the shifting fork is positioned between the median and another gear, and oil is continuously supplied to the target gear direction so as to finish gear engagement operation; if the target gear signal is acquired, the initial position of the shifting fork is positioned between the target gear and the middle position, and the gear shifting operation is completed, otherwise, the step 1.9 is executed;
and 1.9, supplying oil to the reverse direction of the target gear in a 3/4 gear oil way, if another gear signal is acquired, indicating that a shifting fork is blocked, continuing supplying oil to the target gear direction to carry out gear shifting operation, and recording the number of gear shifting operation times N, returning to the step 1.3 when N is less than or equal to N, otherwise, indicating that the system is in gear shifting failure, and carrying out system error reporting.
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