CN115819833A - Isolation assembly and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Isolation assembly and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115819833A CN115819833A CN202111094902.2A CN202111094902A CN115819833A CN 115819833 A CN115819833 A CN 115819833A CN 202111094902 A CN202111094902 A CN 202111094902A CN 115819833 A CN115819833 A CN 115819833A
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- sheet
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- isolation
- polypropylene sheet
- polypropylene
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 6
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- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 142
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 142
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- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 49
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 22
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- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
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- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
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- 239000010703 silicon Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
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- 229920000536 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid Polymers 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of isolation materials, in particular to an isolation assembly and a preparation method and application thereof. The isolation assembly is formed by assembling an isolation sheet and a frame, wherein the isolation sheet is composed of a plurality of hydrophilic sheets, holes are formed in the surface of the isolation sheet, and the aperture ratio is less than 10%; the hydrophilic sheet is a polypropylene sheet with a plurality of micro-nano structures on the surface, and hydrophilic side groups are grafted on the micro-nano structures; wherein, the surface grafting rate of the hydrophilic lateral group on the surface of the hydrophilic sheet is 10-50wt%. The isolation assembly provided by the invention has the advantages that the isolation assembly is limited to contain the isolation sheet material consisting of a plurality of hydrophilic sheet materials, so that the water evaporation rate and the volatile gas volatilization rate are effectively reduced, and the performance is stable; meanwhile, the isolation assembly is simple in structure and easy to install, and parts do not need to be replaced frequently.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of isolation materials, in particular to an isolation assembly and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
In recent years, humans are facing a serious water crisis due to high temperature weather caused by extreme climates, drought, and growing municipal and irrigation water demands. Large-scale evaporation of water is one of the leading causes of water resource shortages in the world, particularly in arid regions; high temperatures can cause evaporation of water, dew and fog, in open reservoirs, rivers and irrigation canals of farmlands into the air. Therefore, effective reduction of water evaporation is of great importance for alleviating water crisis, and people are always developing new water-saving technologies for collecting dew or fog and inhibiting water evaporation in open-air pools, reservoirs, lakes and the like.
US8696987B2 provides a method for reducing water evaporation, which employs a water-soluble polymer formed at the bottom layer on the surface of a water body, and the upper layer is a water-insoluble single molecular chain compound structure to inhibit water evaporation. The method can inhibit water evaporation to a certain extent but is easy to blow away by strong wind, so that the chemical substances need to be frequently added again, the cost is increased, and frequent addition of the chemical substances inevitably causes water body pollution. The los angeles reservoir covers black plastic balls on the surface of the reservoir to inhibit water evaporation, but still a large amount of water evaporates from the ball gaps, and scientists are still concerned about whether the amount of water consumed in the manufacturing process of the sunshade balls is greater than the amount of water saved. In order to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, there is a continuing need to develop new materials that inhibit water evaporation.
Meanwhile, with the increasing awareness of people on environmental protection, enterprises also increase the investment on the aspect of sewage treatment, sewage treatment generally needs to settle silt in the sewage treatment at first, and the sewage treatment is generally carried out in a settling basin. The mode that the tradition prevented volatilizing of sewage can adopt to shelter from usually, if establish the sunshade net above the effluent water sump, or adopt the greasy dirt to float on the sewage surface of water to reach the volatile effect of reduction sewage.
CN108928861A adopts the mode that the greasy dirt floated to reduce the sewage and volatilizees, but the greasy dirt receives the influence of factors such as wind-blowing, can not even float on the surface of water, shelters from the surface of water completely, and the greasy dirt itself also is difficult to retrieve simultaneously, and is limited to reducing the sewage effect of volatilizing.
Therefore, the conventional separator sheet cannot simultaneously achieve the problems of low water evaporation rate, low volatile gas evaporation rate, chemical stability, mechanical abrasion resistance, high cost and the like, and a new separator sheet is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of high water evaporation rate, high volatile gas volatilization rate, poor durability, high cost, complex preparation process and the like of the existing isolation sheet, and provides an isolation assembly and a preparation method and application thereof. The isolation component has low water evaporation rate and volatile gas evaporation rate; meanwhile, the method is simple and easy for industrial production.
In order to achieve the above object, a first aspect of the present invention provides an insulation assembly assembled from an insulation sheet and a frame, the insulation sheet being composed of a plurality of hydrophilic sheets, the surface of the insulation sheet being provided with holes, and the opening ratio being less than 10%;
the hydrophilic sheet is a polypropylene sheet with a plurality of micro-nano structures on the surface, and hydrophilic side groups are grafted on the micro-nano structures;
wherein, the surface grafting rate of the hydrophilic lateral group on the surface of the hydrophilic sheet is 10-50wt%. A second aspect of the invention provides a method of making an isolation component, the method comprising the steps of:
(1) Contacting a polypropylene sheet with an etching agent and carrying out first drying to form a surface with a micro-nano structure on the polypropylene sheet so as to obtain a modified polypropylene sheet;
(2) Coating a monomer with a hydrophilic side group on the surface of the modified polypropylene sheet, and then performing microwave irradiation to graft the hydrophilic side group on the micro-nano structure of the modified polypropylene sheet to obtain a hydrophilic sheet with a hydrophilic surface;
(3) Assembling an isolation sheet consisting of a plurality of hydrophilic sheets and a frame to obtain an isolation assembly;
wherein, the surface of the isolation sheet is provided with holes, and the aperture ratio is less than 10 percent;
wherein, in the hydrophilic sheet, the surface grafting rate of the hydrophilic side group on the hydrophilic sheet is 10-50wt%.
The invention provides the application of the isolation component provided by the first aspect or the isolation component prepared by the method provided by the second aspect in water and soil resistance.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) According to the isolation assembly provided by the invention, the isolation assembly is limited to contain the isolation sheet consisting of a plurality of hydrophilic sheets, the hydrophilic sheets are further limited to be polypropylene sheets with a plurality of micro-nano structures on the surface, hydrophilic side groups are grafted on the micro-nano structures, so that the hydrophilicity and the performance of the hydrophilic sheets are effectively improved and stabilized on the premise that the mechanical properties of the hydrophilic sheets are not influenced, the isolation sheet has a water collection property and can not absorb water, and therefore, the water evaporation rate and the volatile gas volatilization rate of the isolation assembly are effectively reduced, and the performance is stabilized; meanwhile, the isolation assembly is simple in structure and easy to install, and parts do not need to be replaced frequently;
(2) The isolation sheet in the isolation assembly provided by the invention can be completely infiltrated with the contact surface, so that the surface of the isolation sheet is completely attached to the contact surface, and no vapor pressure exists, so that the isolation sheet can obviously inhibit water evaporation and volatile gas volatilization;
(3) According to the method provided by the invention, physical modification (etching) and chemical modification (grafting) are combined, so that the surface of the isolation sheet material has super-hydrophilicity, and then the aperture ratio of the isolation sheet material is combined, so that water vapor and volatile gas on a contact surface can be effectively recovered; meanwhile, the method has simple process and easy operation, and is convenient for industrial large-scale production.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an isolation assembly provided in the present invention.
Detailed Description
The endpoints of the ranges and any values disclosed herein are not limited to the precise range or value, and such ranges or values should be understood to encompass values close to those ranges or values. For ranges of values, between the endpoints of each of the ranges and the individual points, and between the individual points may be combined with each other to give one or more new ranges of values, and these ranges of values should be considered as specifically disclosed herein.
In the present invention, unless otherwise specified, the terms "first", "second" and "third" do not denote any order or sequence, nor do they denote any limitation to individual materials or steps, but are merely used to distinguish the same materials or steps, for example, "first", "second" and "third" in "first drying", "second drying" and "third drying", and "fourth drying", and are merely used to distinguish that the same drying is not performed.
The invention provides an isolation assembly, which is formed by assembling an isolation sheet and a frame, wherein the isolation sheet is composed of a plurality of hydrophilic sheets, the surface of the isolation sheet is provided with holes, and the aperture ratio is less than 10%;
the hydrophilic sheet is a polypropylene sheet with a plurality of micro-nano structures on the surface, and hydrophilic side groups are grafted on the micro-nano structures;
wherein, the surface grafting rate of the hydrophilic lateral group on the surface of the hydrophilic sheet is 10-50wt%.
The isolation sheet material composed of the plurality of hydrophilic sheet materials provided by the invention has super-hydrophilic performance, and can collect small water drops in steam when the steam flows, wherein the small water drops are gathered on the surface of the isolation sheet material to form large liquid drops and fall back to the water surface along the surface; the surface of the isolation sheet only has water collection performance, water cannot be absorbed, and the defect that the water collection performance is greatly reduced after water is absorbed is avoided, so that the isolation assembly assembled by the isolation sheet and the frame has a low water evaporation rate, is simple in structure, and does not need to replace parts frequently. Meanwhile, the hydrophilic sheet is a polypropylene sheet with a plurality of micro-nano structures on the surface, hydrophilic side groups are grafted on the micro-nano structures, the micro-nano structures exist in a protruding and/or groove mode, the hydrophilic side groups are used for collecting liquid drops in airflow when steam flows pass through, and the water evaporation rate and the volatile gas volatilization rate of the isolation sheet are further improved and reduced.
In the present invention, the open porosity is a ratio of an area of pores on a surface of the separator sheet to a surface area of the separator sheet, unless otherwise specified.
In some embodiments of the present invention, preferably, the separator sheet is formed by splicing a plurality of the hydrophilic sheets. In the present invention, the hydrophilic sheet is spliced in a manner depending on the size of the separator sheet in actual use.
According to the structural schematic diagram of the isolation assembly provided by the invention, as shown in fig. 1, the isolation assembly is formed by assembling an isolation sheet and a frame, wherein the isolation sheet is formed by splicing a plurality of hydrophilic sheets; the surface of the isolation sheet is provided with holes, and the hydrophilic sheet is a polypropylene sheet with a plurality of micro-nano structures on the surface.
In the present invention, the frame has a supporting function without particular description, and preferably, the frame includes, but is not limited to, a glass fiber reinforced plastic frame.
In some embodiments of the invention, it is preferred that the pores have an average diameter of 0.1 to 1cm, for example, 0.1cm, 0.2cm, 0.5cm, 0.6cm, 0.7cm, 0.8cm, 0.9cm, 1cm, and any value in the range of any two values, preferably 0.5 to 1cm. The preferred conditions are adopted, so that the air permeability of the pool can be kept, the pool is communicated with the atmospheric pressure, and the isolation assembly can still be tightly attached along with the change of the water surface.
In some embodiments of the present invention, preferably, the open cell content is < 10%, preferably < 5%, more preferably 3-5%. The preferred conditions are such that the barrier assembly minimizes water evaporation and volatile gas volatilization.
In some embodiments of the present invention, preferably, the polypropylene sheet is an expanded polypropylene sheet.
In some embodiments of the present invention, preferably, the foamed polypropylene sheet has a surface average pore size of 10 to 100 μm, for example, 10 μm, 20 μm, 30 μm, 40 μm, 50 μm, 60 μm, 70 μm, 80 μm, 90 μm, 100 μm, and any value in the range of any two values, preferably 20 to 60 μm; a flexural strength of 0.1 to 1MPa, for example, 0.1MPa, 0.2MPa, 0.3MPa, 0.4MPa, 0.5MPa, 0.7MPa, 0.9MPa, 1MPa, and any value in the range of any two numerical values, preferably 0.1 to 0.5MPa; the thickness is 0.1 to 1cm, for example, 0.1cm, 0.2cm, 0.3cm, 0.4cm, 0.5cm, 0.8cm, 1cm, and any value in the range of any two numerical values, preferably 0.1 to 0.5cm. With preferred conditions it is more advantageous to form projections and/or recesses of greater length and depth in the polypropylene sheet.
In the invention, the surface average pore diameter parameter is measured by a statistical average value method of 3 surface scans of a scanning electron microscope without special condition; the bending strength parameter is measured by adopting a GB/T9341-2008 polypropylene three-point bending test method; the thickness parameter is measured by a vernier caliper test method.
In some embodiments of the present invention, preferably, the foamed polypropylene sheet is foamed from at least one selected from the group consisting of a homo polypropylene sheet having a polypropylene content of 50wt% or more, a random copolymer polypropylene sheet, and an impact copolymer polypropylene sheet. In the invention, the foaming process has a wide selection range, and can be prepared by chemical foaming or physical foaming.
In the present invention, the source of the foamed polypropylene sheet can be selected from a wide range, as long as the polypropylene sheet is prepared by foaming. In the present invention, the foamed polypropylene sheet can be obtained by purchasing or preparing, and the present invention is not described herein.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the foamed polypropylene sheet is prepared by foaming a polypropylene sheet with supercritical carbon dioxide.
In some embodiments of the present invention, it is preferable that the polypropylene content in the foamed polypropylene sheet is 50wt% or more, preferably 50 to 90wt%.
In some embodiments of the present invention, preferably, the weight average molecular weight of the polypropylene is 10 4 -10 6 g/mol; the melt index at 230 ℃ and 2.16kg load is 0.1 to 15g/10min, e.g., 0.1g/10min, 1g/10min, 2g/10min, 3g/10min, 4g/10min, 5g/10min, 6g/10min, 7g/10min, 10g/10min, 15g/10min, and any value in the range of any two values, preferably 1 to 7g/10min.
In the present invention, the melt index parameter is measured by the GB/T3682.1-2018 method without special cases.
In the invention, the micro-nano structure refers to projections and/or grooves which have micrometer or nanometer scale characteristic sizes and are arranged according to a specific mode without special condition.
In some embodiments of the present invention, preferably, each of the micro-nano structures has a length of 1nm to 100 μm, for example, 1nm, 10nm, 100nm, 200nm, 500nm, 1 μm, 10 μm, 20 μm, 30 μm, 40 μm, 50 μm, 100 μm, and any value in a range of any two values, preferably 500nm to 50 μm; the depth is 1 μm to 1mm, for example, 1 μm, 10 μm, 50 μm, 100 μm, 150 μm, 200 μm, 250 μm, 300 μm, 400 μm, 500 μm, 700 μm, 900 μm, 1mm, and any value in the range of any two numerical values, preferably 50 to 500 μm. In the invention, the micro-nano structure is beneficial to improving the surface wettability, for example, when the flat surface is hydrophilic (less than 90 degrees), the surface with the micro-nano structure has a capillary effect on water, so that the water can be further infiltrated, and a more hydrophilic or even super-hydrophilic state is further represented.
In some embodiments of the present invention, preferably, the hydrophilic pendant groups have a surface grafting ratio of 10 to 50wt%, e.g., 10wt%, 20wt%, 30wt%, 35wt%, 40wt%, 45wt%, 50wt%, and any value in the range of any two values, preferably 30 to 40wt%, on the surface of the hydrophilic sheet. Preferable conditions are adopted, which is more advantageous for increasing the hydrophilicity of the hydrophilic sheet.
In the present invention, the surface grafting ratio parameter is a parameter obtained by measuring the content of the main element in the graft component of the hydrophilic sheet using a spectral device of a scanning electron microscope of Hitachi, japan, and the content of the graft in the hydrophilic sheet is inversely deduced by the molecular formula of the graft as the surface grafting ratio, unless otherwise specified.
In the present invention, there is a wide range of choices for the hydrophilic side group as long as the hydrophilic side group contains a hydrophilic group. Preferably, the hydrophilic side group is a hydrophilic group containing a heteroatom of at least one element selected from oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, silicon and halogen, and a carbon-carbon double bond.
In the present invention, the halogen is at least one selected from fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine, and preferably fluorine and/or chlorine, unless otherwise specified.
In some embodiments of the present invention, preferably, the monomer having a hydrophilic side group is selected from at least one of an organic acid, an organic acid derivative, and a vinyl silane. Wherein the organic acid includes, but is not limited to, carboxylic acids, sulfonic acids, sulfinic acids, thiocarboxylic acids, and the like.
In some embodiments of the present invention, preferably, the organic acid derivative is selected from at least one of an anhydride, an ester and a salt of an organic acid.
In some embodiments of the present invention, preferably, the monomer of the hydrophilic side group is selected from at least one of maleic anhydride and/or its derivatives, acrylic acid and/or its derivatives, methacrylic acid and/or its derivatives, vinyl acetate, alkenyl sulfonic acid and/or its derivatives, p-styrene formic acid and/or its derivatives, p-styrene acetic acid and/or its derivatives, itaconic acid, oleic acid, and arachidic acid.
In some embodiments of the present invention, preferably, the vinyl silane has the general formula: CH (CH) 2 ＝CH 2 (CH 2 ) n SiX 3 Wherein n =0-3, x is selected from at least one of chloro, methoxy, ethoxy, and acetoxy.
In some embodiments of the present invention, preferably, the vinyl silane is selected from vinyl trimethoxysilane and/or vinyl triethoxysilane.
According to the invention, preferably the release sheet has a water contact angle < 30 °, preferably 0-15 °, more preferably 0 °; the water evaporation rate is less than or equal to 50 percent, preferably 5 to 30 percent; after 24 hours, the volatile gas volatilization rate is less than or equal to 40 percent, and preferably 0.1 to 30 percent.
In the present invention, the volatile gas includes, but is not limited to, H2 without specific description S 、NH 3 NMHC, etc.
In the invention, under the condition of no special condition, the water contact angle parameter adopts an EASY DROP contact angle tester of Germany KRUSS company, the measurement range is 1-180 degrees, the resolution is +/-0.1 degrees, a dynamic contact angle measurement mode is adopted, deionized water DROPs or white oil DROPs with the fixed volume of 2 mu L are dropped on a hydrophilic sheet every time, the calculated initial contact angle is taken as the contact angle measurement value of the hydrophilic sheet, the parallel measurement is carried out for 6 times, and the average value is calculated.
In the present invention, the water evaporation rate parameter was measured without specific description: introducing 100g of deionized water into a watch glass with the diameter of 30cm, putting the isolation sheet into the watch glass, and placing the watch glass in a 40 ℃ oven for 12 hours; the remaining water was then weighed and the evaporation efficiency (n) was calculated by the following formula: n = (m 1-m 2) × 100%/m1, where m1 and m2 are the weight of water/g in the petri dish before and after evaporation, respectively.
In the present invention, the volatile gas volatility parameter is tested without special case description:
GB/T16157-1996 method for determining particulate matters in exhaust gas of fixed pollution sources and sampling gaseous pollutants;
a nano reagent spectrophotometry for measuring HJ 533-2009 ambient air and waste gas ammonia;
HJ/T38-1999 determination of non-methane total hydrocarbons in the exhaust of stationary pollution sources gas chromatography;
GB/T14675-1993 determination of air quality malodor three-point comparison type odor bag method;
the fourth edition of air and waste gas detection and analysis method is added with a supplement edition;
the assay apparatus is selected from: an automatic smoke (gas) sampler, an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer, a gas chromatograph and a gas six-way distributor;
the sampling method comprises the following steps: 100kg of oil refining wastewater is filled into a sewage pool with the diameter of 1m, different isolation sheets are covered on the surface of the wastewater, the operation is started after the sheets are covered and installed, and the monitoring is carried out once after 1 h; after 24h, the monitoring was carried out again.
According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the insulation assembly is assembled from an insulation sheet and a frame, the insulation sheet being composed of a plurality of hydrophilic sheets, the surface of the insulation sheet being provided with holes, and the opening ratio being < 10%;
the hydrophilic sheet is a foamed polypropylene sheet with a plurality of micro-nano structures on the surface, and hydrophilic side groups are grafted on the micro-nano structures;
wherein, on the surface of the hydrophilic sheet, the surface grafting rate of the hydrophilic side group is 10-50wt%;
wherein the average pore diameter of the surface of the foamed polypropylene sheet is 10-100 μm; the bending strength is 0.1-1MPa; the thickness is 0.1-1cm;
wherein the hydrophilic sheet is prepared by the following method: contacting a foamed polypropylene sheet with an etching agent and carrying out first drying to form a surface with a micro-nano structure on the foamed polypropylene sheet so as to obtain a modified foamed polypropylene sheet; and coating a monomer with a hydrophilic side group on the modified foamed polypropylene sheet, and then carrying out microwave irradiation to graft the hydrophilic side group on the micro-nano structure of the foamed polypropylene sheet.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method of making an insulation assembly, the method comprising the steps of:
(1) Contacting a polypropylene sheet with an etching agent and carrying out first drying to form a surface with a micro-nano structure on the polypropylene sheet so as to obtain a modified polypropylene sheet;
(2) Coating a monomer with a hydrophilic side group on the surface of the modified polypropylene sheet, and then performing microwave irradiation to graft the hydrophilic side group on the micro-nano structure of the modified polypropylene sheet to obtain a hydrophilic sheet with a hydrophilic surface;
(3) Assembling an isolation sheet composed of a plurality of hydrophilic sheets and a frame to obtain an isolation assembly;
wherein, the surface of the isolation sheet is provided with holes, and the aperture ratio is less than 10 percent;
wherein, in the hydrophilic sheet, the surface grafting rate of the hydrophilic side group on the hydrophilic sheet is 10-50wt%.
In the method provided by the invention, the hydrophilic side group can be grafted on the modified polypropylene sheet without adding an initiator. The hydrophilic sheet prepared by the method does not contain initiator residues, and the hydrophilicity of the hydrophilic sheet is improved on the premise that the mechanical property of the hydrophilic sheet is not influenced. The isolation sheet in the isolation assembly provided by the invention is a super-hydrophilic polypropylene sheet, and the sheet can be completely infiltrated into the contact surface, so that the surface of the sheet is completely attached to the contact surface, and the vapor pressure is avoided, so that the evaporation of water and the volatilization of volatile gas are obviously inhibited.
In the present invention, in step (1), the polypropylene sheet is defined as above, and the present invention is not described in detail herein.
In some embodiments of the present invention, preferably, in step (1), the weight ratio of the polypropylene sheet to the etchant is 0.1-100:100, for example, 0.1:100, more preferably 1 to 30:100. by adopting the optimal weight ratio, the etchant can uniformly cover the surface of the polypropylene sheet, and the polypropylene sheet and the etchant can be more favorably fully contacted and mixed, so that a micro-nano structure can be favorably formed on the surface of the polypropylene sheet.
In the present invention, there is a wide range of choices for the kind of the etchant as long as etching can be performed on the surface of the polypropylene sheet. Preferably, the etchant is a polar organic solvent selected from at least one of toluene, xylene, diphenyl ether, butyl acetate, isoamyl acetate, n-heptane, n-octane, and decalin.
In the present invention, there is a wide range of selection of the conditions for the contacting. Preferably, in step (1), the contacting conditions include: the temperature is 15-70 ℃, preferably 20-60 ℃; the time is 1-24h, preferably 5-15h.
In the present invention, there is a wide range of options for the manner of contact. Preferably, the contact mode is soaking; namely, the polypropylene sheet is soaked in the etching agent, wherein the soaking temperature is 15-70 ℃, and the soaking time is 1-24h.
In the present invention, the first drying is intended to remove the etchant in the contact product. Preferably, the conditions of the first drying include: the temperature is 80-120 ℃, preferably 80-100 ℃; the time is 1-10h, preferably 1-5h.
In some embodiments of the present invention, preferably, in the step (2), the weight ratio of the monomer to the modified polypropylene sheet is 10 to 50:100, for example, 10: 100. the optimal weight ratio is favorable for the full mixing and grafting reaction of the raw materials, so that the surface grafting rate of the hydrophilic side groups in the hydrophilic sheet is improved.
In the present invention, in step (2), the monomers are defined as above, and the present invention is not described in detail herein.
In the present invention, there is a wide range of options for the manner of coating, as long as the monomer having the hydrophilic side group is uniformly coated on the modified polypropylene sheet. Preferably, the coating is by mechanical direct spreading, liquid spraying above the melting point of the monomer.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the monomer having a hydrophilic side group is mechanically sprayed on the surface of the modified polypropylene sheet. During the microwave irradiation process, the monomer of the hydrophilic side group can be liquefied and gasified, wherein the gasification process can enable the hydrophilic side group to be uniformly grafted on the modified polypropylene sheet.
In the present invention, the conditions for the microwave irradiation can be selected from a wide range, as long as the monomer of the hydrophilic side group is grafted to the modified polypropylene sheet. Preferably, the conditions of the microwave irradiation include: the irradiation power is 1500-27000W, preferably 1500-15000W; the irradiation time is 1s-1min, preferably 1-30s.
In some embodiments of the present invention, it is preferable that the number of times of the microwave irradiation is 1 or more, preferably 1 to 5 times.
According to the present invention, preferably, the microwave irradiation process may be performed multiple times, preferably 1 to 5 times, with the same irradiation power and the same irradiation time. The gasification-grafting process of the grafting monomer can be repeatedly carried out on the foamed polypropylene sheet after the cycle is repeated for many times, which is beneficial to the improvement of the uniformity of the redundant grafting monomer and the grafting rate.
In the present invention, the microwave irradiation is carried out in various microwave reactors known in the prior art without specific description.
In some embodiments of the present invention, preferably, in step (3), the composition comprises: and splicing a plurality of hydrophilic sheets to obtain the isolation sheet.
In the present invention, the kind of the frame and the isolation sheet are defined as above without any special description, and the present invention is not repeated herein.
According to the present invention, preferably, the method further comprises: and before the assembly, cleaning and drying the microwave irradiation product for the second time to remove the unreacted monomer of the hydrophilic side group in the microwave irradiation product.
In the present invention, the cleaning method may be selected from a wide range, and a monomer capable of removing the remaining hydrophilic side group may be used.
In some embodiments of the present invention, preferably, the microwave irradiated product is immediately soaked for 5-15min at a high temperature using a cleaning solution having a volume exceeding that of the microwave irradiated product, and then excess water is removed using a filtering device; and repeating the cleaning for 2-6 times to obtain a cleaned microwave irradiation product.
In the present invention, there is a wide range of choices for the cleaning fluid. Preferably, the cleaning solution is selected from water and/or organic solvents, preferably at least one selected from alcohols, ketones, esters and water, more preferably alcohols and/or water.
According to the present invention, preferably, the method further comprises: when the monomer of the hydrophilic side group is organic acid, anhydride and/or ester of organic acid, the second dried product and alkali are subjected to salinization reaction, and the salinization reaction product is washed and dried for the third time, so that the grafted hydrophilic side group is converted into organic acid salt, and the hydrophilicity of the hydrophilic sheet is further improved.
In the present invention, there is a wide range of choices for the kind of the base as long as the organic acid, the acid anhydride and/or the ester of the organic acid are converted into a salt by a salination reaction. Preferably, the base is selected from hydroxides and/or aqueous ammonia, preferably hydroxides.
In some embodiments of the present invention, preferably, the hydroxide is selected from at least one of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, barium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, strontium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, ferric hydroxide, ferrous hydroxide, zinc hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, cobalt hydroxide, gold hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, copper hydroxide, beryllium hydroxide, and rare earth hydroxides, preferably at least one of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, barium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, strontium hydroxide, and calcium hydroxide.
In some embodiments of the present invention, preferably, the weight ratio of the alkali to the modified polypropylene sheet is 10 to 25:100, e.g., 10: 100.
in the present invention, the alkali can be directly salified with the third dried product, or for better salination effect, preferably, the alkali is in the form of alkali solution, that is, the salification reaction is performed by using alkali-containing aqueous solution.
In some embodiments of the present invention, preferably, the weight ratio of alkali to water in the lye is between 0.1 and 100:100, for example, 0.1:100, preferably 1 to 30:100. the optimized weight ratio is more favorable for improving the efficiency of salinization reaction and improving the hydrophilicity of the hydrophilic sheet.
In the present invention, the conditions of the salination reaction are widely selected, and the time of the salination reaction is preferably 1-30min, preferably 5-10min. In the present invention, the temperature and pressure of the salination reaction are not limited, and are generally normal temperature and normal pressure.
In some embodiments of the present invention, it is preferred that the product of the salination reaction is immediately soaked for 5-15min with a volume of solvent exceeding that of the grafted polypropylene sheet, and then excess water is removed using a filtration device; repeating for 2-6 times to obtain the clean salinization reaction product.
In the present invention, both the second drying and the third drying may be performed by air-blast drying or normal-temperature drying, and the details of the present invention are not repeated. Preferably, the temperature of the second drying and the third drying is not more than 140 ℃ (melting point of the random copolymer polypropylene is 140 plus DEG C) so as to avoid melting the polypropylene sheet.
The invention provides the application of the isolation component provided by the first aspect or the isolation component prepared by the method provided by the second aspect in water and soil resistance.
In some embodiments of the present invention, preferably, the isolation component is in close contact with the contact surface.
In the present invention, there is a wide range of choices for the kind of the contact surface, including but not limited to the surface of water, the surface of a wastewater tank, etc.
Compared with a polypropylene sheet, the isolating sheet containing the hydrophilic sheet provided by the invention has super-hydrophilic performance; meanwhile, the isolation sheet provided by the invention does not reduce the molecular weight of the polypropylene sheet, does not contain monomer residue of hydrophilic side groups, does not introduce an initiator, is colorless and tasteless, has greatly improved and lasting and stable hydrophilicity, is applied to the fields of water resistance and antifouling, and can obviously reduce the water evaporation rate and the volatile gas volatilization rate.
The present invention will be described in detail below by way of examples.
The water contact angle parameter adopts an EASY DROP contact angle tester of Germany KRUSS company, the measurement range is 1-180 degrees, the resolution is +/-0.1 degrees, a dynamic contact angle measurement mode is adopted, deionized water DROPs or white oil DROPs with the fixed volume of 2 mu L are dropped on the hydrophilic sheet every time, the calculated initial contact angle is taken as the contact angle measurement value of the hydrophilic sheet, the parallel measurement is carried out for 6 times, and the average value is calculated.
The surface grafting rate parameter is obtained by measuring the content of the main element of the grafting component of the hydrophilic sheet by using a spectrum accessory of a scanning electron microscope of Hitachi, japan, and reversely deducing the content of the graft in the hydrophilic sheet by using the molecular formula of the graft to be used as the surface grafting rate.
Testing water evaporation rate parameters: introducing 100g of deionized water into a watch glass with the diameter of 30cm, putting the isolation sheet into the watch glass, and placing the watch glass in a 40 ℃ oven for 12 hours; the remaining water was then weighed and the evaporation efficiency (n) was calculated by the following formula: n = (m 1-m 2) × 100%/m1, where m1 and m2 are the weight of water/g in the petri dish before and after evaporation, respectively.
In the present invention, the volatile gas volatility parameter is tested without special case description:
GB/T16157-1996 method for determining particulate matters in exhaust gas of fixed pollution sources and sampling gaseous pollutants;
a nano reagent spectrophotometry for measuring HJ 533-2009 ambient air and waste gas ammonia;
HJ/T38-1999 determination of non-methane total hydrocarbons in the exhaust of stationary pollution sources gas chromatography;
GB/T14675-1993 determination of air quality malodor three-point comparison type odor bag method;
the fourth edition of air and waste gas detection and analysis method is added with a supplement edition;
the assay apparatus is selected from: an automatic smoke (gas) sampler, an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer, a gas chromatograph and a gas six-way distributor;
the sampling method comprises the following steps: 100kg of oil refining wastewater is filled into a sewage pool with the diameter of 1m, different isolation sheets are covered on the surface of the wastewater, the operation is started after the sheets are covered and installed, and the monitoring is carried out once after 1 h; after 24h, the monitoring was carried out again.
The foamed polypropylene sheet-1 is prepared by foaming an injection molded polypropylene sheet-1 by supercritical carbon dioxide; wherein, the content of the random copolymerization polypropylene in the foamed polypropylene sheet-1 is 90wt%, the surface average pore diameter is 50 μm, and the bending strength is 0.15MPa.
The foamed polypropylene sheet-2 is prepared by foaming an injection molded polypropylene sheet-2 by supercritical carbon dioxide; wherein, the content of the random copolymerization polypropylene in the foamed polypropylene sheet-2 is 70wt%, the surface average pore diameter is 40 μm, and the bending strength is 0.45MPa.
The foamed polypropylene sheet-3 is prepared by foaming an injection molded polypropylene sheet-3 by supercritical carbon dioxide; wherein, the content of the random copolymerization polypropylene in the foamed polypropylene sheet-3 is 80wt%, the surface average pore diameter is 25 μm, and the bending strength is 0.33MPa.
Injection molded polypropylene sheet-1 (70 wt% polypropylene random copolymer E02ES blended with 30wt% POE) was obtained from Stiches New materials, inc., jiangsu Suzhou, with smooth and flat surface and 10.5MPa flexural strength.
Injection molded polypropylene sheet-2 (a blend of 90wt% random copolymer polypropylene E02ES and 10wt% homo-polypropylene T30S) was obtained from Jiaxing, zhejiang, new Hengtai New Material Co., ltd., smooth and flat surface, and a flexural strength of 17.5MPa.
Injection-molded polypropylene sheet-3 (random copolymer polypropylene E02 ES), available from Ningbo ultra-New Material science and technology Ltd, was smooth and flat in surface and had a flexural strength of 15.0MPa.
Xylene (national group chemical reagent limited), decalin (national group chemical reagent limited), maleic anhydride (national group chemical reagent limited), acrylic acid (national group chemical reagent limited), methacrylic acid (national group chemical reagent limited), 2-acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (national group chemical reagent limited), sodium hydroxide (national long scientific group limited), potassium hydroxide (national long scientific group limited), calcium hydroxide (national long scientific group limited), acetone (national long scientific group limited), sodium chloride (national long chemical reagent limited), vinyltrimethoxysilane (tokyo chemical corporation); various other starting materials are commercially available.
Physical property parameters of the hydrophilic sheet and the separator sheet obtained in examples and comparative examples are shown in table 1.
Example 1
(1) Soaking 10g of polypropylene sheet (foamed polypropylene sheet-1, water contact angle of 108 ℃) in 100g of etching agent (dimethylbenzene), soaking in a thermostat at 25 ℃ for 12h in a sealed manner, and then placing in a 90 ℃ forced air drying oven for 2h to obtain a modified polypropylene sheet;
(2) Dissolving 10 parts by weight of alkali (sodium hydroxide) in 50 parts by weight of deionized water to obtain alkali liquor;
coating 10 parts by weight of maleic anhydride powder on the surface of 100 parts by weight of modified polypropylene sheet by adopting a mechanical spraying mode, and performing microwave irradiation for 25s under the irradiation power of 2000W, circulating for 2 times, and spacing 1min every time; soaking the product irradiated by the microwave in deionized water for 10min, replacing the deionized water for 3 times to ensure that maleic anhydride which does not participate in the grafting reaction is removed, and then placing the cleaning product at 80 ℃ for forced air drying and drying;
performing salinization reaction on the dried product and the alkali liquor for 5min, soaking the salinization reaction product in deionized water for 10min, replacing the deionized water for 3 times to ensure that unreacted alkali is removed, and then placing the cleaning product at 80 ℃ for forced air drying and drying to obtain a hydrophilic sheet S1;
(3) A separator sheet Q1 composed of a plurality of hydrophilic sheets S1 and a frame were assembled to obtain a separator assembly, in which the surface of the separator sheet Q1 was provided with holes (average diameter of 0.5 cm) at an aperture ratio of 3%.
The volatile gas volatilization rate of the separator sheet Q1 is shown in table 2.
Example 2
(1) Soaking 10g of polypropylene sheet (foamed polypropylene sheet-1, water contact angle of 108 ℃) in 100g of etching agent (dimethylbenzene), soaking in a thermostat at 25 ℃ for 12h in a sealed manner, and then placing in a 90 ℃ forced air drying oven for 2h to obtain a modified polypropylene sheet;
(2) Dissolving 10 parts by weight of alkali (potassium hydroxide) in 50 parts by weight of deionized water to obtain alkali liquor;
coating 20 parts by weight of maleic anhydride powder on the surface of 100 parts by weight of modified polypropylene sheet in a mechanical spraying manner, and performing microwave irradiation for 20s under the irradiation power of 5000W, circulating for 3 times, and spacing for 1min each time; soaking the product irradiated by the microwave in deionized water for 10min, replacing the deionized water for 3 times to ensure that maleic anhydride which does not participate in the grafting reaction is removed, and then placing the cleaning product at 80 ℃ for forced air drying and drying;
performing salinization reaction on the dried product and the alkali liquor for 5min, soaking the salinization reaction product in deionized water for 10min, replacing the deionized water for 3 times to ensure that unreacted alkali is removed, and then placing the cleaning product at 80 ℃ for forced air drying and drying to obtain a hydrophilic sheet S2;
(3) A separator sheet Q2 composed of a plurality of hydrophilic sheets S2 and a frame were assembled to obtain a separator assembly, in which the surface of the separator sheet Q2 was provided with holes (average diameter of 0.5 cm) at an aperture ratio of 4%.
The volatile gas volatilization rate of the separator sheet Q2 is shown in table 2.
Example 3
(1) Soaking 10g of polypropylene sheet (foamed polypropylene sheet-2 with a water contact angle of 112 ℃) in 90g of etching agent (decahydronaphthalene), soaking in a thermostat at 50 ℃ for 4h in a sealed manner, and then placing in a forced air drying oven at 80 ℃ for 2h to obtain a modified polypropylene sheet;
(2) Dissolving 25 parts by weight of alkali (potassium hydroxide) in 100 parts by weight of deionized water to obtain an alkali liquor;
coating 30 parts by weight of 2-acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid powder on the surface of 100 parts by weight of modified polypropylene sheet in a mechanical spraying manner, and performing microwave irradiation for 10s under the irradiation power of 10000W for 3 times in a circulating manner, wherein the interval is 1min each time; soaking the product of microwave irradiation in deionized water for 10min, replacing the deionized water for 3 times to ensure that 2-acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid which does not participate in the grafting reaction is removed, and then placing the cleaning product at 80 ℃ for forced air drying and drying;
performing salinization reaction on the dried product and the alkali liquor for 5min, soaking the salinization reaction product in deionized water for 10min, replacing the deionized water for 3 times to ensure that unreacted alkali is removed, and then placing the cleaning product at 80 ℃ for forced air drying and drying to obtain a hydrophilic sheet S3;
(3) A separator sheet Q3 composed of a plurality of hydrophilic sheets S3 and a frame were assembled to obtain a separator assembly, in which the surface of the separator sheet Q3 was provided with holes (average diameter of 0.5 cm) at an aperture ratio of 5%.
Example 4
(1) Soaking 10g of polypropylene sheet (foamed polypropylene sheet-3, water contact angle of 108 ℃) in 90g of etching agent (decahydronaphthalene), soaking in a thermostat at 25 ℃ for 10h in a sealed manner, and then placing in a forced air drying oven at 80 ℃ for 2h to obtain a modified polypropylene sheet;
(2) Dissolving 20 parts by weight of alkali (potassium hydroxide) in 50 parts by weight of deionized water to obtain alkali liquor;
coating 50 parts by weight of methacrylic acid liquid on the surface of 100 parts by weight of modified polypropylene sheet in a mechanical spraying manner, and performing microwave irradiation for 3s under the irradiation power of 15000W, circulating for 5 times, and spacing for 1min each time; soaking the product subjected to microwave irradiation in deionized water for 10min, replacing the deionized water for 3 times to ensure that methacrylic acid which does not participate in the grafting reaction is removed, and then placing the cleaning product at 80 ℃ for forced air drying and drying to obtain a hydrophilic sheet S4;
(3) A separator sheet Q4 composed of a plurality of hydrophilic sheets S4 and a frame were assembled to obtain a separator assembly, in which the surface of the separator sheet Q4 was provided with holes (average diameter of 0.5 cm) at an aperture ratio of 5%.
Example 5
(1) Soaking 10g of polypropylene sheet (foamed polypropylene sheet-3, water contact angle of 108 ℃) in 90g of etching agent (decahydronaphthalene), soaking in a thermostat at 25 ℃ for 10h in a sealed manner, and then placing in a forced air drying oven at 80 ℃ for 2h to obtain a modified polypropylene sheet;
(2) Coating 40 parts by weight of vinyl trimethoxy silane liquid on the surface of 100 parts by weight of modified polypropylene sheet in a mechanical spraying manner, and performing microwave irradiation for 2s under the irradiation power of 20000W, circulating for 4 times, and spacing for 1min each time; soaking the product of microwave irradiation in deionized water for 10min, replacing the deionized water for 3 times to ensure that vinyl trimethoxy silane which does not participate in grafting reaction is removed, and then placing the cleaning product at 80 ℃ for blast drying and drying to obtain a hydrophilic sheet S5;
(3) A separator sheet Q5 composed of a plurality of hydrophilic sheets S5 and a frame were assembled to obtain a separator assembly, in which the surface of the separator sheet Q5 was provided with holes (average diameter of 0.5 cm) at an aperture ratio of 5%.
Example 6
Following the procedure of example 1, except that in the step (1), 10g of the polypropylene sheet (foamed polypropylene sheet-1, water contact angle 108 °) was replaced with 35g of the polypropylene sheet (foamed polypropylene sheet-1, water contact angle 108 °), and the conditions were the same, a hydrophilic sheet S6 and a separator sheet Q6 were obtained.
Example 7
Following the procedure of example 1, except that in the step (2), 10 parts by weight of the monomer for hydrophilic side groups (maleic anhydride) was replaced with 50 parts by weight of the monomer for hydrophilic side groups (maleic anhydride), the same conditions were applied, yielding a hydrophilic sheet S7 and a separator sheet Q7.
Example 8
The method of example 1 was followed except that, in step (2), the conditions of microwave irradiation were modified as follows: the irradiation power was 27000W and the microwave irradiation was carried out for 1S under the same conditions, to obtain a hydrophilic sheet S8 and a separator sheet Q8.
Comparative example 1
The procedure of example 1 was followed, except that, without steps (1) to (2), a polypropylene sheet (foamed polypropylene sheet-1, water contact angle 108 °) was used as the hydrophilic sheet DS1;
in the step (3), the isolation sheet DQ1 composed of the plurality of hydrophilic sheets DS1 and the frame are assembled to obtain an isolation assembly, wherein the surface of the isolation sheet DQ1 is provided with holes, and the aperture ratio is 3%.
The volatile gas volatilization rate of the separator sheet DQ1 is shown in table 2.
Comparative example 2
According to the method of example 1, except that, without the step (1), 10 parts by weight of maleic anhydride powder was directly applied to 100 parts by weight of a polypropylene sheet (foamed polypropylene sheet-1, water contact angle 108 °) by means of mechanical spraying to obtain a hydrophilic sheet DS2;
in the step (3), the isolation sheet DQ2 composed of the plurality of hydrophilic sheets DS2 and the frame are assembled to obtain an isolation assembly, wherein the surface of the isolation sheet DQ2 is provided with holes, and the aperture ratio is 3%.
Comparative example 2'
Following the procedure of example 1, except that the foamed polypropylene sheet-1 was replaced with the injection-molded polypropylene sheet-1, the same conditions were applied, hydrophilic sheet DS2 'and separator sheet DQ2' were obtained.
Comparative example 3
According to the method of example 2, except that, without the step (1), 20 parts by weight of maleic anhydride powder was directly applied to 100 parts by weight of a polypropylene sheet (foamed polypropylene sheet-1, water contact angle 108 °) by means of mechanical spraying to obtain a hydrophilic sheet DS3;
in the step (3), the isolation sheet DQ3 composed of the plurality of hydrophilic sheets DS3 and the frame are assembled to obtain an isolation assembly, wherein the surface of the isolation sheet DQ3 is provided with holes, and the aperture ratio is 3%.
Comparative example 4
The procedure of example 3 was followed, except that, without steps (1) to (2), a polypropylene sheet (foamed polypropylene sheet-2, water contact angle of 112 ℃) was used as the hydrophilic sheet DS4;
in the step (3), the isolation sheet DQ4 composed of the plurality of hydrophilic sheets DS4 and the frame are assembled to obtain an isolation assembly, wherein the surface of the isolation sheet DQ4 is provided with holes, and the aperture ratio is 5%.
Comparative example 5
According to the method of example 3, except that, without the step (1), 30 parts by weight of 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid powder was directly applied by mechanical spraying to 100 parts by weight of a polypropylene sheet (expanded polypropylene sheet-2, water contact angle 112 °) to obtain a hydrophilic sheet DS5;
in the step (3), the isolation sheet DQ5 composed of the plurality of hydrophilic sheets DS5 and the frame are assembled to obtain an isolation assembly, wherein the surface of the isolation sheet DQ5 is provided with holes, and the aperture ratio is 5%.
Comparative example 5'
Following the procedure of example 3, except that the foamed polypropylene sheet-2 was replaced with the injection-molded polypropylene sheet-2, the same conditions were applied, hydrophilic sheet DS5 'and separator sheet DQ5' were obtained.
Comparative example 6
The procedure of example 4 was followed, except that, without steps (1) to (2), a polypropylene sheet (foamed polypropylene sheet-3, water contact angle 108 ℃) was used as the hydrophilic sheet DS6;
in the step (3), the isolation sheet DQ6 composed of the plurality of hydrophilic sheets DS6 and the frame are assembled to obtain an isolation assembly, wherein the surface of the isolation sheet DQ6 is provided with holes, and the aperture ratio is 5%.
Comparative example 7
According to the method of example 4, except that 50 parts by weight of a methacrylic acid liquid was directly applied to 100 parts by weight of a polypropylene sheet (expanded polypropylene sheet-3, water contact angle 108 °) by mechanical spraying without the step (1), a hydrophilic sheet DS7 was obtained;
in the step (3), the isolation sheet DQ7 composed of the plurality of hydrophilic sheets DS7 and the frame are assembled to obtain an isolation assembly, wherein the surface of the isolation sheet DQ7 is provided with holes, and the aperture ratio is 5%.
Comparative example 7'
Following the procedure of example 4, except that the foamed polypropylene sheet-3 was replaced with the injection-molded polypropylene sheet-3, the same conditions were applied, hydrophilic sheet DS7 'and separator sheet DQ7' were obtained.
Comparative example 8
The procedure of example 5 was followed, except that, without the step (1), 40 parts by weight of vinyltrimethoxysilane liquid was applied to 100 parts by weight of the polypropylene sheet (foamed polypropylene sheet-3, water contact angle 108 °) by means of mechanical spraying, to obtain a hydrophilic sheet DS8;
in the step (3), the isolation sheet DQ8 composed of the plurality of hydrophilic sheets DS8 and the frame are assembled to obtain an isolation assembly, wherein the surface of the isolation sheet DQ8 is provided with holes, and the aperture ratio is 5%.
TABLE 1
The data in table 1 show that, compared with a polypropylene sheet, the hydrophilic sheet provided by the invention effectively improves the hydrophilicity of the hydrophilic sheet to achieve super-hydrophilicity on the premise of ensuring that the mechanical property is not changed; meanwhile, the isolation sheet material formed by the hydrophilic sheet material has a small water contact angle and a small water evaporation rate, and particularly, the comprehensive performance of the isolation assembly is further improved by adjusting the surface grafting rate parameter of the hydrophilic sheet material in the isolation sheet material, so that the water evaporation rate of the isolation assembly is reduced.
Compared with example 6, example 1 further improves the hydrophilic performance of the hydrophilic sheet by limiting the weight ratio of the polypropylene sheet to the etchant within the preferable protection range, and reduces the water contact angle and improves the grafting ratio, thereby effectively reducing the water evaporation rate of the release sheet containing the hydrophilic sheet.
Compared with example 7, in example 1, the weight ratio of the monomer to the modified polypropylene sheet is limited within the preferable protection range, and the hydrophilic performance of the hydrophilic sheet is further improved by improving the grafting rate, so that the water evaporation rate of the release sheet containing the hydrophilic sheet is effectively reduced.
Compared with example 8, example 1 further improves the hydrophilic performance of the hydrophilic sheet by reducing the water contact angle and improving the grafting ratio by limiting the conditions of microwave irradiation within the preferred protection range, thereby effectively reducing the water evaporation rate of the release sheet containing the hydrophilic sheet.
TABLE 2
Note: the concentration after 1h refers to the concentration of volatile gas volatilized after the isolating sheet covers for 1 h;
the concentration after 24 hours is the concentration at which volatile gas volatilizes after the separator sheet covers for 24 hours.
As can be seen from the data in table 2, compared with comparative example 1, the volatilization of the volatile gas can be significantly suppressed by using the separator sheet provided by the present invention, that is, the volatilization rate of the volatile gas is less than or equal to 40% after 24 hours of using the separator sheet provided by the present invention.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above in detail, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Within the scope of the technical idea of the invention, many simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of the invention, including combinations of various technical features in any other suitable way, and these simple modifications and combinations should also be regarded as the disclosure of the invention, and all fall within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. An isolation assembly is characterized in that the isolation assembly is formed by assembling an isolation sheet and a frame, the isolation sheet is composed of a plurality of hydrophilic sheets, holes are formed in the surface of the isolation sheet, and the aperture ratio is less than 10%;
the hydrophilic sheet is a polypropylene sheet with a plurality of micro-nano structures on the surface, and hydrophilic side groups are grafted on the micro-nano structures;
wherein, the surface grafting rate of the hydrophilic lateral group on the surface of the hydrophilic sheet is 10-50wt%.
2. The insulation assembly of claim 1, wherein the insulation sheet is spliced from a plurality of the hydrophilic sheets;
preferably, the pores have an average diameter of 0.1 to 1cm, preferably 0.5 to 1cm;
preferably, the open porosity is less than or equal to 5%, preferably 3-5%.
3. The insulation assembly of claim 1 or 2, wherein the polypropylene sheet is a foamed polypropylene sheet;
preferably, the average pore diameter of the surface of the foamed polypropylene sheet is 10-100 μm, preferably 20-60 μm; the bending strength is 0.1-1MPa, preferably 0.1-0.5MPa; the thickness is 0.1-1cm, preferably 0.1-0.5cm;
preferably, the foamed polypropylene sheet is prepared by foaming at least one of a homo-polypropylene sheet, a random copolymerization polypropylene sheet and an impact copolymerization polypropylene sheet with the polypropylene content of more than or equal to 50wt%;
preferably, the length of each micro-nano structure is 1nm-100 μm, preferably 500nm-50 μm; the depth is 1 μm to 1mm, preferably 50 to 500. Mu.m.
4. The insulation assembly of any of claims 1-3, wherein the pendant hydrophilic group is a hydrophilic group containing a heteroatom of at least one element selected from the group consisting of oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, silicon, and halogen, and a carbon-carbon double bond.
5. Insulation assembly according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein the insulation sheet has a water contact angle < 30 °, preferably 0-15 °, more preferably 0 °; the water evaporation rate is less than or equal to 50 percent, and preferably 5 to 30 percent; after 24 hours, the volatile gas volatilization rate is less than or equal to 40 percent, and preferably 0.1 to 30 percent.
6. A method of making an insulation assembly, comprising the steps of:
(1) Contacting a polypropylene sheet with an etching agent and carrying out first drying to form a surface with a micro-nano structure on the polypropylene sheet so as to obtain a modified polypropylene sheet;
(2) Coating a monomer with a hydrophilic side group on the surface of the modified polypropylene sheet, and then performing microwave irradiation to graft the hydrophilic side group on the micro-nano structure of the modified polypropylene sheet to obtain a hydrophilic sheet with a hydrophilic surface;
(3) Assembling an isolation sheet consisting of a plurality of hydrophilic sheets and a frame to obtain an isolation assembly;
wherein, the surface of the isolation sheet is provided with holes, and the aperture ratio is less than 10 percent;
wherein, in the hydrophilic sheet, the surface grafting rate of the hydrophilic side group on the hydrophilic sheet is 10-50wt%.
7. The method as claimed in claim 6, wherein in the step (1), the weight ratio of the polypropylene sheet to the etching agent is 0.1-100:100, preferably 0.5 to 50:100, more preferably 1 to 30:100, respectively;
preferably, the contacting is by soaking.
8. The method according to claim 6 or 7, wherein in step (2), the weight ratio of the monomer to the modified polypropylene sheet is 10-50:100, preferably 10 to 30:100, respectively;
preferably, the monomer is selected from at least one of organic acids, organic acid derivatives and vinylsilanes;
preferably, the conditions of the microwave irradiation include: the irradiation power is 1500-27000W, preferably 1500-15000W; the irradiation time is 1s-1min, preferably 1-30s;
preferably, the frequency of microwave irradiation is more than or equal to 1 time, and preferably 1-5 times;
preferably, in step (3), the composition comprises: and splicing a plurality of hydrophilic sheets to obtain the isolation sheet.
9. The method of any of claims 6-8, wherein the method further comprises: before the assembly, cleaning and secondary drying the product of the microwave irradiation;
preferably, the method further comprises: when the monomer is organic acid, anhydride and/or ester of organic acid, the second dried product is salinized with alkali, and the salinized product is washed and third dried.
10. Use of the insulation assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 5, or the insulation assembly produced by the method according to any one of claims 6 to 9, for waterproofing and antifouling applications.
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| JP2004129986A (en) * | 2002-10-15 | 2004-04-30 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Method for forming hydrophilic film, and steam generating apparatus using the same |
| KR20140133327A (en) * | 2013-05-10 | 2014-11-19 | 단국대학교 산학협력단 | Method for fabricating superhydrophobic surface of polymeric material |
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