CN115815825A - Laser image engraving method and device and computer readable storage medium - Google Patents
Laser image engraving method and device and computer readable storage medium Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a laser image engraving method, a device and a computer readable storage medium, belonging to the technical field of laser engraving, comprising the steps of obtaining bitmap information of an image to be engraved, converting the engraved image into a gray image, reading and recording the gray information of image pixels in a row or column mode; establishing a plane coordinate system by taking any angle of the engraved image as a coordinate origin, taking a row as an X axis and taking a column as a Y axis, giving coordinates (Xa, yb) to each pixel in the engraved image according to the directions of rows and columns, and acquiring a pixel gray value of each pixel; preparing a carving carrier, confirming a carving area on the carrier, and confirming a carving path, wherein the carving path is a rectangular inner spiral carving route; converting the pixel gray value of each pixel point into a laser energy value according to a pixel laser conversion model; and the laser equipment uniformly engraves the rectangular inner spiral engraving route according to the laser energy value of each pixel point. The invention has no redundant processing path and solves the problem of adding extra time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of laser engraving, in particular to a laser image engraving method and device and a computer readable storage medium.
Background
The laser engraving processing is based on the numerical control technology, and laser is a processing medium. The physical denaturation of the processing material due to instant melting and gasification under the irradiation of laser engraving can enable the laser engraving to achieve the purpose of processing.
The existing laser image scanning engraving adopts a reciprocating mode from left to right and from right to left in a bow shape to engrave. Meanwhile, in order to ensure that the carved edge is neat, the processing speed is firstly increased to a constant speed and then the carving processing is carried out by using a mode of expanding an accelerating area on the left side and the right side of the image. Patent application No. 202011065154.0 entitled method for high speed laser uniform engraving, in which the processing steps are described: confirming the carving path, preparing a carving carrier, confirming a carving area on the carrier, and arranging a plurality of carving paths in the carving area; forward laser engraving, starting along the head end of one engraving path by adopting a laser engraving device, performing constant-speed laser engraving to the tail end of the engraving path, and continuously moving outside the engraving area of the carrier to the tail end of the other engraving path when the laser engraving device reaches the tail end of the engraving path; reverse laser engraving, starting from the tail end of the other engraving path by the laser engraving device, performing uniform laser engraving to the head end of the engraving path, and continuously moving the laser engraving device to the head end of the next engraving path outside the engraving area of the carrier when the laser engraving device reaches the head end of the engraving path; and (4) after the engraving is finished, the laser engraving device sequentially engraves the rest engraving paths from the head end of the next engraving path until all the engraving paths in the engraving area are completely engraved by laser.
As noted above, although the speed is set to a constant laser engraving speed, it is necessary to set the engraving area to continue moving, which increases unnecessary time in the process. Generally, a conventional image is calculated according to the size of 200 × 200mm, the pixel spot size is assumed to be 0.05mm, the total number of the images is 4000, acceleration areas are required around each line, 8000 acceleration areas are required for a simple image, the time of 8000t milliseconds is additionally increased for carving the image if each acceleration area requires t milliseconds, and after the time is accumulated, the set motion outside the carving area wastes the processing time and affects the processing efficiency.
Therefore, how to reduce the time waste and improve the processing effect by improving the existing laser image engraving method is a technical problem to be solved urgently by those skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the invention provides a laser image engraving method, a laser image engraving device and a computer readable storage medium, which are used for solving the related technical problems in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
according to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a laser image engraving method comprising the steps of:
step 1: acquiring bitmap information of an image to be engraved, converting the engraved image into a gray image, reading and recording pixel gray information of the image in a row or column mode;
step 2: establishing a plane coordinate system by taking any angle of the engraved image as a coordinate origin, taking a row as an X axis and taking a column as a Y axis, giving coordinates (Xa, yb) to each pixel in the engraved image according to the directions of rows and columns, and acquiring a pixel gray value of each pixel;
and step 3: preparing a carving carrier, confirming a carving area on the carrier, and confirming a carving path in the carving area, wherein the carving path is a rectangular internal spiral carving route;
and 4, step 4: converting the pixel gray value of each pixel point into a laser energy value according to a pixel laser conversion model;
and 5: and the laser equipment uniformly engraves the rectangular inner spiral engraving route according to the laser energy value of each pixel point.
Further, in the step 5, the laser engraves on the X axis or the Y axis at a constant speed, and performs variable-speed engraving on the XY axis turning position, where the X axis engraving is changed into Y axis engraving, specifically including the following steps:
step 501: the laser engraves on each pixel point along an X axis at a constant speed state of a preset speed;
step 502: when the laser travels to the tail end of the X axis, the speed is reduced until the speed is 0 when the laser travels to the last pixel point on the X axis;
step 503: changing the advancing direction of the laser to be a Y axis;
step 504: the initial speed of the laser on the Y axis is 0, and the laser is pre-accelerated to enable the speed of the laser advancing to the head end of the Y axis to be a preset speed;
step 505: and (3) carving on each pixel point along the Y axis by the laser at a constant speed of a preset speed.
Further, when the laser device engraves the rectangular inner spiral engraving route at a constant speed by using the laser energy value of each pixel point, the laser device adopts a first laser energy value when engraving a previous pixel point, the laser device changes into a second laser energy value when reaching the next pixel point, and the laser energy values of two continuous pixel points are substituted into the energy change curve model to change.
Further, when the laser engraves on the X axis or the Y axis at a constant speed, calling the linear path information, and if the laser energy value of n continuous pixel points is 0, jumping to the next pixel point which is not 0 to continue to engrave at a constant speed; wherein n is obtained by learning calculation in the learning model.
Furthermore, when the laser engraves at the X-Y axis turning position, turning path information is obtained, and if the laser energy value of the pixel point at the X-axis or Y-axis turning position is 0, the pixel point which is not 0 in Y or X-axis is jumped to continue to be engraved at a constant speed.
Further, the pixel laser conversion model is
Wherein W is the laser energy value, f (W, h, l) is a predetermined function of the pixel size converted to laser energy, gray is the Gray level of the pixel, W is the width of the pixel, h is the height of the pixel, and l is the length of the pixel.
Further, the energy change curve model is
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
in order to be the value of the change in energy,
，W 1 is a first laser energy value, W 2 Is the second laser energy value, v is the preset speed of the laser,
the time difference between two adjacent pixels is obtained.
Further, when the laser jumps and carves at the X-Y axis turning position, a pixel point which is not 0 before turning is used as a tail-end pixel point, the speed is reduced until the laser speed is reduced from the preset speed to 0, and a pixel point which is not 0 after turning is used as a head-end pixel point, the speed is increased until the laser speed is changed from 0 to the preset speed.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a laser image engraving apparatus for carrying out the laser image engraving method of any one of the above, comprising
A grayscale converter: converting the carving image into a gray image, and acquiring the pixel gray value of each pixel point;
a central processing unit: receiving a pixel gray value and converting the pixel gray value into a laser energy value;
laser equipment: engraving at constant speed in the rectangular inner spiral engraving route according to the laser energy value of each pixel point;
a speed sensor: and controlling the engraving speed of the laser equipment to ensure that the laser equipment engraves at a constant speed on the rectangular inner spiral engraving route.
According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a computer-readable storage medium comprising a program and instructions, the program or instructions, when run on a computer, implementing the laser image engraving method as claimed in any one of the above.
The invention has the following advantages:
the invention extracts and stores the row and column data of the image in advance, when the engraving is carried out from the first row from left to right and the last pixel at the rightmost side is engraved, the image does not continuously enter the acceleration area rightmost, but the row of pixels at the rightmost side is engraved downwards. When engraving to the lowermost pixel of the column, it does not enter the acceleration zone, but is engraved continuously to the left, and likewise when engraving to the leftmost pixel, it does not enter the acceleration zone, but is engraved upwards. When the next line of the uppermost edge (the first line of pixels) is engraved, the engraving is continued to the right, and the process is circulated in such a way, so that a square inner spiral engraving route is formed until the last pixel is engraved, and the engraving is finished. The method has no redundant processing path outside the carving area in the whole process, thereby fundamentally solving the problem of adding extra time, and simultaneously, the whole process can be carved in a uniform speed state, so that the laser spot quality is stable and the carving effect is stable.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below. It should be apparent that the drawings in the following description are merely exemplary and that other implementation drawings may be derived from the provided drawings by those of ordinary skill in the art without inventive effort.
The structures, the proportions, the sizes, and the like shown in the specification are only used for matching with the contents disclosed in the specification, so that those skilled in the art can understand and read the present invention, and do not limit the conditions for implementing the present invention, so that the present invention has no technical essence, and any modifications of the structures, changes of the proportion relation, or adjustments of the sizes, should still fall within the scope of the technical contents disclosed in the present invention without affecting the efficacy and the achievable purpose of the present invention.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a laser image engraving method according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a detailed flowchart of step 5 of the method provided by the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a laser engraving device according to the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic view of the moving path of the laser engraving device of the present invention in engraving the laser engraving on the carrier.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in terms of particular embodiments, other advantages and features of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following disclosure, and it is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention and that it is not intended to limit the invention to the particular embodiments disclosed. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
According to a first aspect of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, there is provided a laser image engraving method including the steps of:
step 1: acquiring bitmap information of an image to be engraved, converting the engraved image into a gray image, reading and recording the gray information of image pixels in a row or column mode.
Step 2: and establishing a plane coordinate system by taking any angle of the engraved image as a coordinate origin, taking a row as an X axis and taking a column as a Y axis, giving coordinates (Xa, yb) to each pixel in the engraved image according to the directions of rows and columns, and acquiring the pixel gray value of each pixel.
And step 3: preparing an engraved carrier, confirming an engraved area on the carrier, and confirming an engraved path within the engraved area, as shown in fig. 4, the engraved path being a rectangular internal spiral engraving path. The carving path is fully paved in the carving area, and no path outside the carving area exists, so that the time waste outside the carving area is avoided, and the processing time is saved.
And 4, step 4: and converting the pixel gray value of each pixel point into a laser energy value according to a pixel laser conversion model. The laser energy value carries out glyptic intensity to this pixel position for laser equipment, carries out the sculpture of different intensity according to the different grey levels of pixel for the image that generates satisfies the demand of processing, improves the processing effect.
Pixel laser conversion model of
Wherein W is the laser energy value, f (W, h, l) is a predetermined function of the pixel size converted to laser energy, gray is the Gray level of the pixel, W is the width of the pixel, h is the height of the pixel, and l is the length of the pixel.
If the gray value is 0, indicating a white point, and no laser is emitted; the grey value of 255 indicates a black spot, lasing, and the other values in the middle indicate weaker laser energy. The laser energy value is 0 for a gray scale value of 0 and 60% for a gray scale value of 255.
And 5: and the laser equipment uniformly engraves the rectangular inner spiral engraving route according to the laser energy value of each pixel point.
The invention extracts and stores the row and column data of the image in advance, and when the engraving is carried out from the first row from left to right and the last pixel at the rightmost side is engraved, the right-most column of pixels are engraved downwards instead of entering the acceleration area continuously. When engraving to the lowermost pixel of the column, it does not enter the acceleration zone, but is engraved continuously to the left, and likewise when engraving to the leftmost pixel, it does not enter the acceleration zone, but is engraved upwards. When the next line of the uppermost edge (the first line of pixels) is engraved, the engraving is continued to the right, and the process is circulated in such a way, so that a square inner spiral engraving route is formed until the last pixel is engraved, and the engraving is finished. The method has no redundant processing path outside the carving area in the whole process, thereby fundamentally solving the problem of adding extra time, and simultaneously, the whole process can be carved in a uniform speed state, so that the laser spot quality is stable and the carving effect is stable.
In order to ensure the uniform speed of the whole engraving process, the speed change treatment is carried out at the turning part of the XY axis, so that the speed in the X axis direction is smoothly changed into the speed in the Y axis direction, and the uniform speed state of the laser on the X axis or the Y axis is ensured.
In the step 5, laser is used for engraving on the X axis or the Y axis at a constant speed, and variable-speed engraving is performed at the turning position of the XY axis, wherein the engraving on the X axis is changed into the engraving on the Y axis, and as shown in fig. 2, the method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 501: carving on each pixel point along an X axis by laser at a constant speed of a preset speed;
step 502: when the laser travels to the tail end of the X axis, the speed is reduced until the speed is 0 when the laser travels to the last pixel point on the X axis;
step 503: changing the advancing direction of the laser to be a Y axis;
step 504: the initial speed of the laser on the Y axis is 0, and the laser is pre-accelerated to enable the speed of the laser advancing to the head end of the Y axis to be a preset speed;
step 505: and (3) carving on each pixel point along the Y axis by the laser at a constant speed of a preset speed.
The change of the XY axis direction can be realized only by changing the speed of a plurality of pixel points at the turning position of the XY axis, and the time of the change is far shorter than that of the existing accelerating area, so that the carving sequence in the technology is smoother and more orderly.
When the laser equipment engraves at a constant speed on the rectangular internal spiral engraving route by using the laser energy value of each pixel point, the first laser energy value is adopted when the laser equipment engraves the previous pixel point, and the laser equipment changes into the second laser energy value when reaching the next pixel point. In order to enable the laser equipment to change in a smooth state when the laser energy value is changed, and avoid influencing the long-time high-intensity working state of the laser equipment, an energy change curve model is provided. And substituting the laser energy values of two continuous pixel points into the energy change curve model to change.
The energy change curve model is
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
in order to be the value of the change in energy,
，W 1 is a first laser energy value, W 2 Is the second laser energy value, v is the preset speed of the laser,
the time difference between two adjacent pixels is obtained.
When the first laser energy value is 0 and the second laser energy value is 100, the change process from 0 to 100 is a slow rising process, and the rising is carried out along the energy change curve; when the first laser energy value is 100 and the second laser energy value is 0, the change process from 100 to 0 is a slow descending process, and the descending process is carried out along the energy change curve.
In order to save the image engraving time, in the engraving process, when the laser energy value is 0, engraving is carried out in a skipping mode, and two different skipping engraving modes of embodiment 1 and embodiment 2 are provided.
Example 1
When the laser engraves straight line on the X axis or the Y axis at constant speed, calling the straight line path information, if the laser energy value of the continuous n pixel points is 0, jumping to the next pixel point which is not 0 to continue to engrave at constant speed. Wherein n is obtained by learning calculation in the learning model.
If set for n to be 5, when the sharp at the uniform velocity sculpture of X axle on the laser, meet 0 pixel that needs the sculpture quantity in succession to be 5, control laser equipment no longer continues to follow the order sculpture, jump to the 6 th pixel that is not 0 and continue the sculpture, practice thrift the sculpture time, avoid the waste time on 0 laser sculpture's pixel. The same principle is adopted for jumping and carving when the laser linearly carves on the Y axis at a constant speed.
Example 2
When the laser engraves at the X-Y axis turning position, turning path information is called, if the laser energy value of the pixel point at the X-Y axis turning position is 0, the pixel point which is jumped to Y or is not 0 in the X axis is continuously engraved at a constant speed.
If the laser engraves the tail end of the X axis and needs to be turned and engraved to the Y axis, the laser energy value of the turning point is 0, and then the point directly jumps to the point where the head end of the Y axis is not 0 to continue to engrave at a constant speed. The process of turning the laser from Y-axis carving to X-axis carving is the same.
The speed of the turning carving is processed as follows:
when the laser jumps to carve at the X-Y axis turning position, a pixel point which is not 0 before turning is taken as a tail end pixel point, the speed is reduced until the laser speed is reduced to 0 from the preset speed, and a pixel point which is not 0 after turning is taken as a head end pixel point, the speed is increased until the laser speed is changed to the preset speed from 0. Still according to the speed change processing at the turning point of the XY axis mentioned in the present technology, the speed in the X axis direction is smoothly changed into the speed in the Y axis direction, and the uniform speed state of the laser on the X axis or the Y axis is ensured.
In the normal turning and carving process, the laser equipment needs to rotate a right-angled angle for carving. When the skipping carving mentioned in the embodiment 2 is used, the carving can be continued to the next carving point along the oblique line direction, so that the carving time is saved, and the waste of time on the pixel point with the turning point of 0 is avoided.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, as shown in fig. 3, there is provided a laser image engraving apparatus for carrying out the laser image engraving method of any one of the above, comprising
A grayscale converter: converting the carving image into a gray image, and acquiring the pixel gray value of each pixel point;
a central processing unit: receiving a pixel gray value and converting the pixel gray value into a laser energy value;
laser equipment: engraving at a constant speed in the rectangular inner spiral engraving route according to the laser energy value of each pixel point;
a speed sensor: and controlling the engraving speed of the laser equipment to ensure that the laser equipment engraves at a constant speed on the rectangular internal spiral engraving route.
According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a computer-readable storage medium comprising a program and instructions, the program or instructions, when run on a computer, implementing the laser image engraving method of any one of the above.
In the 90 s of the 20 th century, improvements in a technology could clearly distinguish between improvements in hardware (e.g., improvements in circuit structures such as diodes, transistors, switches, etc.) and improvements in software (improvements in process flow). However, as technology advances, many of today's process flow improvements have been seen as direct improvements in hardware circuit architecture. Designers almost always obtain the corresponding hardware circuit structure by programming an improved method flow into the hardware circuit. Thus, it cannot be said that an improvement in the process flow cannot be realized by hardware physical modules. For example, a Programmable Logic Device (PLD), such as a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), is an integrated circuit whose Logic functions are determined by programming the Device by a user. A digital system is "integrated" on a PLD by the designer's own programming without requiring the chip manufacturer to design and fabricate application-specific integrated circuit chips. Furthermore, nowadays, instead of manually manufacturing an Integrated Circuit chip, such Programming is often implemented by "logic compiler" software, which is similar to a software compiler used in program development and writing, but the original code before compiling is also written by a specific Programming Language, which is called Hardware Description Language (HDL), and HDL is not only one but many, such as ABEL (Advanced Boolean Expression Language), AHDL (alternate Hardware Description Language), traffic, CUPL (core universal Programming Language), HDCal, jhddl (Java Hardware Description Language), lava, lola, HDL, PALASM, rhyd (Hardware Description Language), and vhigh-Language (Hardware Description Language), which is currently used in most popular applications. It will also be apparent to those skilled in the art that hardware circuitry that implements the logical method flows can be readily obtained by merely slightly programming the method flows into an integrated circuit using the hardware description languages described above.
The controller may be implemented in any suitable manner, for example, the controller may take the form of, for example, a microprocessor or processor and a computer-readable medium storing computer-readable program code (e.g., software or firmware) executable by the (micro) processor, logic gates, switches, an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic controller, and an embedded microcontroller, examples of which include, but are not limited to, the following microcontrollers: ARC 625D, atmel AT91SAM, microchip PIC18F26K20, and Silicone Labs C8051F320, the memory controller may also be implemented as part of the control logic for the memory. Those skilled in the art will also appreciate that, in addition to implementing the controller as pure computer readable program code, the same functionality can be implemented by logically programming method steps such that the controller is in the form of logic gates, switches, application specific integrated circuits, programmable logic controllers, embedded microcontrollers and the like. Such a controller may thus be considered a hardware component, and the means included therein for performing the various functions may also be considered as a structure within the hardware component. Or even means for performing the functions may be regarded as being both a software module for performing the method and a structure within a hardware component.
The systems, devices, modules or units illustrated in the above embodiments may be implemented by a computer chip or an entity, or by a product with certain functions. One typical implementation device is a computer. In particular, the computer may be, for example, a personal computer, a laptop computer, a cellular telephone, a camera phone, a smartphone, a personal digital assistant, a media player, a navigation device, an email device, a game console, a tablet computer, a wearable device, or a combination of any of these devices.
For convenience of description, the above devices are described as being divided into various units by function, and are described separately. Of course, the functions of the various elements may be implemented in the same one or more software and/or hardware implementations of the present description.
As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, embodiments of the present invention may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present invention may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present invention may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The present invention is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
This description may be described in the general context of computer-executable instructions, such as program modules, being executed by a computer. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, objects, components, data structures, etc. that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. The specification may also be practiced in distributed computing environments where tasks are performed by remote processing devices that are linked through a communications network. In a distributed computing environment, program modules may be located in both local and remote computer storage media including memory storage devices.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks. In a typical configuration, a computer includes one or more processors (CPUs), input/output interfaces, network interfaces, and memory.
The memory may include forms of volatile memory in a computer readable medium, random Access Memory (RAM) and/or non-volatile memory, such as Read Only Memory (ROM) or flash memory (flash RAM). Memory is an example of a computer-readable medium.
Computer-readable media, including both non-transitory and non-transitory, removable and non-removable media, may implement information storage by any method or technology. The information may be computer readable instructions, data structures, modules of a program, or other data. Examples of computer storage media include, but are not limited to, phase change memory (PRAM), static Random Access Memory (SRAM), dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM), other types of Random Access Memory (RAM), read Only Memory (ROM), electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technology, compact disc read only memory (CD-ROM), digital Versatile Discs (DVD) or other optical storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic disk storage, quantum memory, graphene-based storage media or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transmission medium that can be used to store information that can be accessed by a computing device. As defined herein, a computer readable medium does not include a transitory computer readable medium such as a modulated data signal and a carrier wave.
Although the invention has been described in detail above with reference to a general description and specific examples, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that modifications or improvements may be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (10)
1. A method of laser image engraving comprising the steps of:
step 1: acquiring bitmap information of an image to be engraved, converting the engraved image into a gray image, reading and recording pixel gray information of the image in a row or column mode;
step 2: establishing a plane coordinate system by taking any angle of the engraved image as a coordinate origin, taking a row as an X axis and taking a column as a Y axis, giving coordinates (Xa, yb) to each pixel in the engraved image according to the directions of rows and columns, and acquiring a pixel gray value of each pixel;
and step 3: preparing a carving carrier, confirming a carving area on the carrier, and confirming a carving path in the carving area, wherein the carving path is a rectangular internal spiral carving route;
and 4, step 4: converting the pixel gray value of each pixel point into a laser energy value according to a pixel laser conversion model;
and 5: and the laser equipment uniformly engraves the rectangular inner spiral engraving route according to the laser energy value of each pixel point.
2. The laser image engraving method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 5, the laser engraves on an X axis or a Y axis at a constant speed, and performs variable-speed engraving on an XY axis turning position, wherein the X axis engraving is changed into the Y axis engraving, and specifically comprises the following steps:
step 501: the laser carries out carving on each pixel point along the X axis at a constant speed state of a preset speed;
step 502: when the laser travels to the tail end of the X axis, the speed is reduced until the speed is 0 when the laser travels to the last pixel point on the X axis;
step 503: changing the advancing direction of the laser to be a Y axis;
step 504: the initial speed of the laser on the Y axis is 0, and the laser is pre-accelerated to enable the speed of the laser advancing to the head end of the Y axis to be a preset speed;
step 505: and (3) carving on each pixel point along the Y axis by the laser at a constant speed of a preset speed.
3. The laser image engraving method of claim 1, wherein the laser device uses a first laser energy value when engraving a previous pixel at a constant speed along the rectangular internal spiral engraving path with the laser energy value of each pixel, the laser device changes to a second laser energy value when reaching a next pixel, and the laser energy values of two consecutive pixels are substituted into the energy change curve model to change.
4. The laser image engraving method of claim 1, wherein when the laser engraves straight line on the X-axis or the Y-axis at a constant speed, the straight line path information is retrieved, and if the laser energy value of consecutive n pixel points is 0, the next pixel point not 0 is skipped to continue the constant speed engraving; wherein n is obtained by learning calculation in the learning model.
5. The laser image engraving method of claim 1, wherein when the laser engraves at the X-Y axis turning position, turning path information is retrieved, and if the laser energy value of the pixel point at the X or Y axis turning position is 0, the pixel point that is jumped to Y or X axis is not 0 is continuously engraved at a constant speed.
6. The laser image engraving method of claim 1, wherein the pixel laser conversion model is
Wherein W is the laser energy value, f (W, h, l) is a predetermined function of the pixel size converted to laser energy, gray is the Gray level of the pixel, W is the width of the pixel, h is the height of the pixel, and l is the length of the pixel.
7. The laser engraving method of claim 3, wherein the energy variation curve model is
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
in order to be the value of the change in energy,
，W 1 is a first laser energy value, W 2 Is the second laser energy value, v is the preset speed of the laser,
the time difference between two adjacent pixels is obtained.
8. The laser image engraving method of claim 5, wherein when the laser jumps to engrave at the X-Y axis turning position, a pixel point which is not 0 before turning is used as a terminal pixel point, the laser is decelerated before reaching the turning until the laser speed is reduced from the preset speed to 0, and a pixel point which is not 0 after turning is used as a head pixel point, the laser is accelerated before reaching the turning until the laser speed is changed from 0 to the preset speed.
9. A laser image engraving apparatus for carrying out the laser image engraving method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising
A grayscale converter: converting the carving image into a gray image, and acquiring the pixel gray value of each pixel point;
a central processing unit: receiving a pixel gray value and converting the pixel gray value into a laser energy value;
laser equipment: engraving at constant speed in the rectangular inner spiral engraving route according to the laser energy value of each pixel point;
a speed sensor: and controlling the engraving speed of the laser equipment to ensure that the laser equipment engraves at a constant speed on the rectangular inner spiral engraving route.
10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized by comprising a program and instructions, which when run on a computer, implement the laser image engraving method of any one of claims 1-8.
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