CN115811269A - Power device load balancing modulation method for excitation circuit of electrically excited motor - Google Patents
Power device load balancing modulation method for excitation circuit of electrically excited motor Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The embodiment of the invention discloses a power device load balancing modulation method for an excitation circuit of an electrically excited motor, which relates to the field of power electronics and power transmission and can prolong the service life of the circuit. The switching operation of the chopping MOS tube and the reverse magnetic MOS tube is realized by improving the modulation method, so that the MOS tube and the diode which work in the reverse magnetic mode in the excitation circuit also participate in the conventional excitation working state, and therefore, a semiconductor switch device in the whole excitation circuit is in a balanced working state. The heat distribution and the voltage and current stress of the MOS tube and the diode in the average time period are completely balanced, the service life of the power device can be effectively prolonged, and the device model selection during design is convenient.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of power electronics and power transmission, in particular to a power device load balancing modulation method for an excitation circuit of an electrically excited motor.
Background
The main magnetic field of the electric excitation motor is provided by the excitation winding, so that the electric excitation motor has the advantages of adjustable magnetic field, adjustable power factor and the like. Especially, under the fault state, the magnetic field can be removed, so that the dangerous situations such as overlarge short-circuit current and the like can be avoided, and the magnetic field generator is widely applied to the fields of industry, civil use, aerospace and the like.
The circuit for controlling the exciting current of the electric excitation motor can be realized by only one switching tube and one diode, but the circuit cannot realize the rapid reduction of the exciting current, can reduce the exciting current only by depending on the resistance loss of an exciting winding, and has slow de-excitation speed. In order to deal with the de-excitation working condition, a switch tube and a diode for de-excitation need to be additionally arranged, reverse voltage is applied to an excitation winding in the de-excitation state, and excitation current is fed back to a power supply side so as to realize rapid de-excitation.
After the switch tube and the diode for de-excitation are added, the excitation power circuit is composed of two diodes and two switch tubes. However, in the normal excitation working state, one MOS transistor is in chopping operation, the other MOS transistor is in continuous conduction, and no current flows through the de-excitation diode. In the circuit, the diodes for de-excitation only participate in working under the de-excitation working condition, so that the power semiconductor devices in the whole circuit are in an unbalanced working state, the devices need to be selected according to different working conditions when the circuit is designed, the difficulty of device selection is greatly increased, the heat distribution of the devices is not balanced, and part of the devices bear larger thermal stress and electrical stress, so that the service life of the system is not favorable.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a load balancing modulation method for a power device of an excitation circuit of an electrically excited motor, which realizes the switching work of a chopping MOS tube by switching output PWM waves in a control program of a main control unit, balances the heat distribution and the voltage and current stress of a circuit, facilitates the device model selection and the design of a heat dissipation system, and is beneficial to prolonging the service life of the circuit.
In order to achieve the above object, an embodiment of the present invention provides a power device load balancing modulation method for electrically exciting an excitation circuit of a motor, where the method is used in a power device load balancing modulation apparatus, and the apparatus includes: the device comprises an excitation power circuit (1), an electric excitation motor (2), a current sensor (3), a signal conditioning circuit (4), a driving circuit (5) and an excitation controller (6); the excitation power circuit (1) provides excitation current for the electric excitation motor (2), the current sensor (3) is connected in series on an excitation winding of the electric excitation motor to detect current, the excitation controller (6) receives a signal of the current sensor (3) and then outputs a PWM (pulse-width modulation) signal to the driving circuit (5), and the driving circuit (5) controls an MOS (metal oxide semiconductor) tube in the excitation power circuit (1) according to the PWM signal.
In the excitation power circuit (1), the main circuit is composed of two MOS tubes and two diodes, wherein the MOS tube Q 1 And diode D 1 Form a first arm, Q 1 Is connected to the positive pole of the power supply, Q 1 Source and D of 1 Cathode is connected to D 1 The anode is connected with the negative pole of the power supply; MOS tube Q 2 And diode D 2 Form a second arm, Q 2 Is connected to the negative pole of the power supply, Q 2 Drain electrode of (1) and (D) 2 Anode connected to each other, D 2 The cathode is connected with the positive pole of the power supply; MOS tube Q 1 And MOS tube Q 2 The grid electrodes of the two bridge arms are connected with a driving circuit (5), and the middle points of the two bridge arms are used as excitation output ends.
In the operation process, when the excitation controller (6) is interrupted every time, the accumulated times of interruption are recorded, and the feedback value of the excitation current at the moment is received from the signal conditioning circuit (4);
based on the feedback value of the exciting current and the reference value I of the exciting current set in the exciting controller (6) f_ref Calculating by a current regulation algorithm to obtain an excitation voltage instruction, and giving the excitation voltage instruction to a PWM (pulse-width modulation) comparison register, wherein the PWM comparison register is one part of a digital micro-control unit used by an excitation controller; the excitation controller (6) sends out a first PWM signal for controlling the MOS transistor Q 1 On or off, and meanwhile, continuously sending a second high level signal to enable the MOS tube Q 2 And continuously conducting.
When the interruption frequency of the excitation controller (6) reaches a set valueThen the excitation controller (6) sends out a second PWM signal for controlling the MOS transistor Q 2 On or off, and meanwhile, continuously sending a first high level signal to enable the MOS transistor Q 1 And is continuously conducted.
The invention provides a power device load balancing modulation method for an excitation circuit of an electrically excited motor, which solves the problem of unbalanced heat distribution and voltage and current stress caused by different working states of power semiconductor devices in the excitation circuit of the electrically excited motor, and provides a power device loss balancing modulation method for the excitation circuit of the electrically excited motor. According to the modulation method, on the premise of not changing circuit topology, switching of the output PWM waves in the control program of the main control unit is achieved, switching work of the chopping MOS tube is achieved, heat distribution of a circuit and voltage and current stress are balanced, device selection and heat dissipation system design are facilitated, and the working life of the circuit is prolonged. The invention is realized by using a digital controller and is more suitable for modern power electronic control systems.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of an excitation circuit hardware of an electrically excited motor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a voltage-current key waveform diagram of an excitation circuit switching tube of an electrically excited machine according to an embodiment of the present invention in a switching operating state;
fig. 3 is a flowchart of a specific procedure of a wear leveling modulation method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Reference will now be made in detail to the embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary only for explaining the present invention and are not construed as limiting the present invention. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an", "the" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising," when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "connected" or "coupled" to another element, it can be directly connected or coupled to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. Further, "connected" or "coupled" as used herein may include wirelessly connected or coupled. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that, unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the prior art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.
The embodiment of the invention provides a load balancing modulation method for a power device of an excitation circuit of an electrically excited motor, which comprises the following steps of:
the electrically excited motor excitation circuit comprises the following components: the excitation control circuit comprises an excitation power circuit (1), an electric excitation motor (2), a current sensor (3), a signal conditioning circuit (4), a driving circuit (5) and an excitation controller (6), wherein the excitation power circuit (1) provides excitation current for the electric excitation motor (2), the current sensor (3) is connected in series on an excitation winding of the electric excitation motor to detect current, the excitation controller (6) receives a signal of the current sensor (3) and then outputs a PWM (pulse-width modulation) signal to the driving circuit (5), and the driving circuit (5) controls an MOS (metal oxide semiconductor) tube in the excitation power circuit (1) according to the PWM signal.
In the excitation power circuit (1), a main circuit is composed of two MOS tubes and two diodes, wherein the MOS tube Q 1 And diode D 1 Form a first arm, Q 1 Is connected to the positive pole of the power supply, Q 1 Source and D of 1 Cathode is connected to D 1 The anode is connected with the negative pole of the power supply; MOS tube Q 2 And diode D 2 Form a second arm, Q 2 Is connected to the negative pole of the power supply, Q 2 Drain electrode of (1) and (D) 2 Anode connected to each other, D 2 The cathode is connected with the positive pole of the power supply; MOS tube Q 1 And MOS transistor Q 2 The grid electrodes of the two bridge arms are connected with a driving circuit (5), and the middle points of the two bridge arms are used as excitation output ends. For example: the middle points a and b of the two bridge arms are used as excitation output ends and are connected with an excitation winding of the electric excitation motor.
The main magnetic field of the electric excitation motor (2) is generated after an excitation current is introduced into an excitation winding of the electric excitation motor (2), and the excitation current introduced into the excitation winding of the electric excitation motor (2) is direct current.
The current sensor (3) is connected in series with the current input end of the excitation winding of the electric excitation motor (2), and the current sensor (3) is used for sampling the excitation current I of the excitation winding of the motor f 。
The signal conditioning circuit (4) is used for receiving the electric signal output by the current sensor (3), processing the electric signal output by the current sensor (3) and outputting an exciting current feedback signal I f_fdb Wherein the processing of the electrical signal in the signal conditioning circuit (4) comprises: electrical isolation, amplitude amplification or attenuation. Specifically, the electrical isolation can be realized by a magnetic coupling or an optical coupling mode, and the amplification or attenuation of the amplitude of the electrical signal is realized by a proportional operation circuit formed by an operational amplifier. In practical application, the operations of electrical isolation, amplitude amplification or attenuation and the like can be selected according to the requirements of practical application, and the operations of electrical isolation, amplitude amplification or electrical attenuation can be generally consideredIsolation, amplitude attenuation "can basically cope with most of the requirements.
The drive circuit (5) is used for carrying out electrical isolation after receiving a PWM signal sent by the excitation controller (6); and the MOS tube is driven to work in a high-frequency switching state, the switching frequency is within the range of several kHz to dozens of kHz, namely 1kHz to 99kHz, and the excitation power circuit can work normally.
The excitation controller (6) adopts a digital micro-control unit; wherein, the excitation controller (6) samples and obtains an excitation current feedback signal I output by the signal conditioning circuit (4) f_fdb (ii) a Then the excitation controller (6) will I f_fdb And an excitation current reference value I set in a post-excitation controller (6) f_ref And performing comparison calculation, and finally outputting a PWM signal to control the on-off of the MOS tube.
In this embodiment, the working mode of the load balancing modulation apparatus for a power device includes: when the excitation controller (6) interrupts every time, recording the accumulated times of interruption, and receiving the feedback value of the excitation current from the signal conditioning circuit (4); based on the feedback value of the exciting current and the reference value I of the exciting current set in the exciting controller (6) f_ref Calculating by a current regulation algorithm to obtain an excitation voltage instruction, and giving the excitation voltage instruction to a PWM (pulse-width modulation) comparison register; the excitation controller (6) sends out a first PWM signal for controlling the MOS transistor Q 1 On or off, and meanwhile, continuously sending a second high level signal to enable the MOS tube Q 2 And is continuously conducted.
When the interruption frequency of the excitation controller (6) reaches a set value, the excitation controller (6) sends a second PWM signal for controlling the MOS transistor Q 2 On or off, and meanwhile, continuously sending a first high level signal to enable the MOS transistor Q 1 And is continuously conducted. In a 3.3V digital circuit, the high level range is usually 2V to 3.3V, and the low level range is usually 0V to 0.8V.
When the interruption frequency reaches the set value again, the excitation controller (6) sends out the first PWM signal again for controlling the MOS tube Q 1 On or off, and meanwhile, continuously sending a second high level signal to enable the MOS tubeQ 2 And (5) continuously conducting, and circularly performing reciprocating operation in the way.
In practical applications, as shown in fig. 3, the stress equalization modulation apparatus for an excitation circuit of an electrically excited machine designed in the present embodiment mainly operates as follows:
when the interruption counter of the excitation controller (6) reaches the integral multiple of the set interruption times, the MOS tube starts to be switched to work. The interrupt counter is implemented as an Int _ count interrupt number count variable, and may be implemented in a program code.
Wherein Int _ count is a count variable of the number of times of interruption, CMP _1 is a chopper tube modulated wave value, CMP _2 is a normally-conducting tube modulated wave value, PRD is a triangular carrier amplitude, and N is a preset interruption number; PID (If _ ref, if _ fdb) is an excitation current regulator calculation program, and calculates a required modulation wave value from an excitation current feedback value and a reference value.
When the excitation controller (6) enters the interruption, the program is started, then the interruption counter Int _ count is automatically added once when the interruption enters once, and the excitation current feedback value I at the moment is sampled f_fdb Then the exciting current is fed back to the value I f_fdb And a reference value I f_ref Feeding the current into an excitation current regulator, wherein the excitation current regulator is an excitation current regulator calculation program PID (If _ ref, if _ fdb);
the excitation current regulator calculates the amplitude CMP _1 of the required modulation wave, and adds 1 to the amplitude of the triangular carrier wave to be used as the amplitude CMP _2 of the other modulation wave, so that the amplitude of the other modulation wave is always larger than that of the triangular carrier wave.
CMP _1 is used to output a PWM signal, and CMP _2 is used to output a continuous high signal.
Then judging the size of the interrupt counter and the preset interrupt times N, if Int _ count is less than N, assigning CMP _1 to Q 1 PWM compare register of (1), CMP _2 is assigned to Q 2 Comparison register of (2), at this time Q 1 Tube chopping operation, Q 2 The tube is continuously conducted; if N < Int _ count < 2N, then assign CMP _2 to Q 1 PWM compare register of (1), CMP _1 is assigned to Q 2 Of the comparison register, in this case Q 2 Tube chopping operation, Q 1 The tube is continuously conducted; and if 2N is less than Int _ count, clearing the interrupt counter.
The above cycle may be repeated.
According to the control flow shown in FIG. 3, the key waveform of voltage and current in the excitation circuit is shown in FIG. 2, t 0 The moment is the switching working point of the chopper tube. At t 0 Before time, Q 1 Tube chopping operation, Q 2 The tube is continuously conducted; at t 0 After time, Q 2 Tube chopping operation, Q 1 The tube is continuously open. Switching the chopper tube has no effect on the field current and the voltage applied across the field winding.
The embodiment is mainly applied to an asymmetric H-bridge excitation circuit for controlling the magnitude of the excitation current of an electrically excited motor, switching operation of a chopping MOS tube and a reverse magnetic MOS tube is realized by improving a modulation method, so that the MOS tube and a diode which work in a reverse magnetic mode in the excitation circuit also participate in a conventional excitation working state, and a semiconductor switch device in the whole excitation circuit is in a balanced working state. The heat distribution and the voltage and current stress of the MOS tube and the diode are completely balanced in the average time period, the service life of a power device can be effectively prolonged, and the device model selection during design is facilitated.
The embodiment has the advantages that: 1. the invention realizes the mutual switching work of the switching tubes in the excitation circuit of the electric excitation motor, so that the device used for de-excitation also participates in the conventional working condition, the loss on the power device is balanced, the device selection is convenient, and the heat distribution of the circuit and the voltage and current stress of the device are optimized; 2. the control process of the stress balance modulation device for the exciting circuit of the electrically excited motor in the embodiment can be realized in a digital controller, is more suitable for a modern motor control system, is convenient for improving the existing equipment, and has low cost; 3. the embodiment can be realized by only slightly adjusting the control program, does not affect the original function, and can greatly prolong the service life of the circuit.
All the embodiments in the present specification are described in a progressive manner, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. In particular, the apparatus embodiments are substantially similar to the method embodiments and therefore are described in a relatively simple manner, and reference may be made to some of the description of the method embodiments for relevant points. The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are also within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (8)
1. A power device load balancing modulation method for an excitation circuit of an electrically excited motor is characterized in that the method is used for a power device load balancing modulation device, and the device comprises the following components: the excitation control system comprises an excitation power circuit (1), an electric excitation motor (2), a current sensor (3), a signal conditioning circuit (4), a driving circuit (5) and an excitation controller (6);
the excitation power circuit (1) provides excitation current for the electric excitation motor (2), the current sensor (3) is connected in series on an excitation winding of the electric excitation motor to detect current, the excitation controller (6) outputs a PWM (pulse-width modulation) signal to the driving circuit (5) after receiving a signal of the current sensor (3), and the driving circuit (5) controls an MOS (metal oxide semiconductor) tube in the excitation power circuit (1) according to the PWM signal;
in the excitation power circuit (1), the main circuit is composed of two MOS tubes and two diodes, wherein the MOS tube Q 1 And diode D 1 Form a first arm, Q 1 Is connected to the positive pole of the power supply, Q 1 Source and D of 1 Cathode is connected to D 1 The anode is connected with the negative pole of the power supply; MOS tube Q 2 And diode D 2 Form a second arm, Q 2 Connected to the negative pole of the power supply, Q 2 Drain electrode of (1) and (D) 2 Anode connected to each other, D 2 The cathode is connected with the positive pole of the power supply; MOS tube Q 1 And MOS transistor Q 2 The grid electrodes of the two bridge arms are connected with a driving circuit (5), and the middle points of the two bridge arms are used as excitation output ends.
2. The power device load balancing modulation method according to claim 1, wherein the main magnetic field of the electrically excited machine (2) is generated by an excitation current supplied to an excitation winding of the electrically excited machine (2), and the excitation current supplied to the excitation winding of the electrically excited machine (2) is direct current.
3. The power device load balancing modulation method according to claim 1, wherein the current sensor (3) is connected in series to a current input terminal of the excitation winding of the electrically excited machine (2), and the current sensor (3) is configured to sample an excitation current I of the excitation winding of the machine f 。
4. The power device load balancing modulation method according to claim 1,
the signal conditioning circuit (4) is used for receiving the electric signal output by the current sensor (3), processing the electric signal output by the current sensor (3) and outputting an exciting current feedback signal I f_fdb 。
5. The power device load balancing modulation method according to claim 1, wherein the driving circuit (5) is configured to perform electrical isolation after receiving the PWM signal sent by the excitation controller (6);
and drives the MOS tube to work in a high-frequency switching state, wherein the frequency of the high-frequency switching is in the kHz level.
6. The power device load balancing modulation method according to claim 1, characterized in that the excitation controller (6) employs a digital micro control unit;
the excitation controller (6) samples to obtain an excitation current feedback signal I output by the signal conditioning circuit (4) f_fdb ；
Then the excitation controller (6) will I f_fdb And the excitation current reference value I set in the post excitation controller (6) f_ref And performing comparison calculation, and finally outputting a PWM signal to control the on-off of the MOS tube.
7. The power device load balancing modulation method according to claim 1 or 6, comprising:
the excitation controller (6) records the accumulated times of interruption every time of interruption and receives the excitation current feedback value I from the signal conditioning circuit (4) f_fdb ；
Based on the feedback value of the exciting current and the reference value I of the exciting current set in the exciting controller (6) f_ref Calculating to obtain an excitation voltage instruction through a current regulation algorithm, sending a difference value of an excitation current reference value and a feedback value into a proportional integral regulator to calculate to obtain the excitation voltage instruction, and giving the excitation voltage instruction to a PWM (pulse width modulation) comparison register;
the excitation controller (6) sends out a first PWM signal for controlling the MOS transistor Q 1 On or off, and meanwhile, continuously sending a second high level signal to enable the MOS tube Q 2 And continuously conducting.
8. The power device load balancing modulation method according to claim 7, wherein when the number of interrupts of the excitation controller (6) reaches a set value, the excitation controller (6) sends a second PWM signal for controlling the MOS transistor Q 2 On or off, and meanwhile, continuously sending a first high level signal to enable the MOS transistor Q 1 And is continuously conducted.
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