CN115810772A - Fuel cell heat management system with cold accumulation function - Google Patents
Fuel cell heat management system with cold accumulation function Download PDFInfo
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- CN115810772A CN115810772A CN202211613799.2A CN202211613799A CN115810772A CN 115810772 A CN115810772 A CN 115810772A CN 202211613799 A CN202211613799 A CN 202211613799A CN 115810772 A CN115810772 A CN 115810772A
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- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 133
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims description 22
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- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fuel cell heat management system with cold accumulation function, comprising: the fuel cell main cooling system directly dissipates heat for the fuel cell stack through cooling liquid circulation; the cold accumulation system is used for circulating cold water and exchanging heat with the cooling liquid of the main cooling system of the fuel cell through a first heat exchanger; the refrigerating system is used for circulating and flowing the refrigerant in the refrigerating system and exchanging heat with the cold storage water in the cold storage system through a second heat exchanger; the system effectively increases the peak heat dissipation capacity of the existing heat dissipation system of the fuel cell, and can improve the power performance, the operation reliability and the service life of the fuel cell vehicle.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of proton exchange membrane fuel cells, in particular to a fuel cell heat management system with a cold accumulation function.
Background
Proton exchange membrane fuel cells are power generation devices that convert the chemical energy of fuel (hydrogen) into electrical energy, and are increasingly used in vehicle power systems due to their advantages of high efficiency, environmental protection, and high driving ability. With the development of fuel cell technology, the output power is increasing continuously, and the problem of heat dissipation becomes more and more a bottleneck restricting the development thereof. Under rated conditions, the generated energy and the heat productivity of the fuel cell are about 1:1, the working temperature is usually 65-80 ℃, compared with the working temperature of a fuel vehicle about 105 ℃, the heat dissipation temperature difference is too small, the heat dissipation load is large, and under the application scene of high environmental temperature, an over-temperature fault is easy to occur, so that the power system limits the power operation, and the driving safety and experience are seriously influenced.
The heat dissipation capability of the fuel cell system is generally improved at present from three aspects: the radiator performance is improved, and the radiator with higher heat exchange coefficient is developed, so that the radiator has the advantages that larger space is not required to be occupied, technical progress of the industry is relied on, and the development cost is high; secondly, the working temperature of the electric pile is increased, but the water content in the membrane of the fuel cell can be rapidly reduced due to overhigh temperature, so that the performance is reduced and even the membrane is damaged; thirdly, the area of the radiator is increased, and the method needs to select larger or more radiators, so that the whole vehicle has higher layout space requirement, the use amount of the cooling liquid of the system is increased, the weight is increased, and in addition, the adverse effect on the temperature control of the system is brought under the low-temperature environment.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a scheme for improving the heat dissipation capacity of a fuel cell system, which does not occupy larger space and has low development cost.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a thermal management system for a fuel cell with a cold storage function, comprising:
the fuel cell main cooling system directly dissipates heat for the fuel cell stack through cooling liquid circulation;
the cold accumulation system is used for circulating cold water and exchanging heat with the cooling liquid of the main cooling system of the fuel cell through a first heat exchanger;
and the refrigerant circularly flows in the refrigerating system and exchanges heat with the cold storage water in the cold storage system through the second heat exchanger.
Preferably, the first heat exchanger comprises a high-temperature pipeline and a low-temperature pipeline, wherein the high-temperature pipeline of the first heat exchanger is connected in the main cooling system of the fuel cell, and the low-temperature pipeline of the first heat exchanger is connected in the cold accumulation system;
the second heat exchanger also comprises a high-temperature pipeline and a low-temperature pipeline, wherein the high-temperature pipeline of the second heat exchanger is connected in the cold accumulation system, and the low-temperature pipeline of the second heat exchanger is connected in the refrigeration system.
Preferably, the fuel cell main cooling system comprises:
the first circulating water pump is used for providing circulating power for cooling liquid in the main cooling system of the fuel cell;
the first temperature sensor is arranged at the upstream of the fuel cell stack and used for detecting the temperature of the cooling liquid entering a pipeline of the fuel cell stack;
the radiator is connected with the high-temperature pipeline of the first heat exchanger in parallel, and the radiator and the first heat exchanger are both arranged at the downstream of the fuel cell stack and used for radiating heat for the cooling liquid;
and the first three-way valve is arranged between the radiator and the first heat exchanger as well as the fuel cell stack and is used for controlling and distributing the flow of the cooling liquid passing through the radiator and the high-temperature pipeline of the first heat exchanger.
Preferably, the cold storage system comprises, connected by a pipeline:
the second circulating water pump is arranged at the upstream of the low-temperature pipeline of the first heat exchanger and provides circulating power for cold storage water of the cold storage system;
the second three-way valve is arranged between the first heat exchanger low-temperature pipeline and the second circulating water pump and used for controlling the cold storage water flow flowing into the first heat exchanger low-temperature pipeline;
the water storage tank is arranged at the downstream of the low-temperature pipeline of the first heat exchanger and stores cold water when the cold water does not need to circulate;
the second temperature sensor is arranged at the outlet of the water storage tank and is used for detecting the water temperature of cold storage water of the cold storage system;
and the high-temperature pipeline of the second heat exchanger is connected between the second temperature sensor and the second circulating water pump and is used for heat exchange between the cold accumulation system and the refrigeration system.
Preferably, the water storage tank and the pipelines at the two ends of the water storage tank are provided with heat insulation layers, and the volume of the water storage tank depends on the duration time required by the peak heat dissipation capacity of the fuel cell.
Preferably, a bypass which is connected with the low-temperature pipeline of the first heat exchanger in parallel and is respectively connected with the second three-way valve and the water storage tank is arranged, when the heat dissipation capacity of the main cooling system of the fuel cell is insufficient, the first three-way valve controls the cooling liquid with proper flow to flow through the high-temperature pipeline of the first heat exchanger, and the second three-way valve controls the cold storage water with proper flow to flow through the low-temperature pipeline of the first heat exchanger; when the heat dissipation capacity of the main cooling system of the fuel cell is enough, the first three-way valve controls all cooling water to flow through the radiator, and all cold storage water of the second three-way valve passes through a bypass which is connected with the low-temperature pipeline of the first heat exchanger in parallel.
Preferably, PID closed-loop control is arranged among the first three-way valve, the second three-way valve and the first temperature sensor, the flow of the cooling liquid passing through the high-temperature pipeline of the first heat exchanger is adjusted through the first three-way valve, the flow of the cold storage water passing through the low-temperature pipeline of the first heat exchanger is adjusted through the second three-way valve, and the measurement value of the first temperature sensor is monitored to reach the required value.
Preferably, the refrigeration system comprises, connected by a pipe:
the compressor is arranged at the downstream of the low-temperature pipeline of the second heat exchanger, compresses the flowing refrigerant to heat the refrigerant and provides circulating power of the refrigerant in the pipeline;
the condenser is arranged at the downstream of the compressor, and the refrigerant exchanges heat with the environment in the condenser to reduce the temperature;
and the throttling valve is arranged between the condenser and the low-temperature pipeline of the second heat exchanger and is used for reducing the pressure of the passing refrigerant.
Preferably, the fuel cell thermal management system with cold accumulation function comprises three working phases:
and an idle working stage: starting a second circulating water pump of the refrigeration system and the cold accumulation system; controlling all cooling liquid to flow through the radiator through a first three-way valve; controlling all cold water to flow through a bypass connected with the first heat exchanger in parallel through a second three-way valve;
and (3) a normal working stage: controlling all the cooling liquid to flow through the radiator through a first three-way valve; monitoring the temperature of a second temperature sensor at the outlet of the water storage tank, opening a second circulating water pump to enable cold storage water to flow circularly when the temperature of the second temperature sensor is higher than a first threshold value temperature, and simultaneously starting a refrigeration system to cool the cold storage water in the cold storage system, wherein the cold storage water is controlled to flow through a bypass which is connected with the low-temperature pipeline of the first heat exchanger in parallel through a second three-way valve; when the measured temperature of the second temperature sensor is lower than a second threshold temperature, the refrigerating system is closed, meanwhile, the second circulating water pump is closed, and sufficient cold storage water is stored in the water storage tank;
and (3) an overheating load working stage: shutting down the refrigeration system; opening a second circulating water pump to enable the cold storage water to flow circularly; controlling a proper amount of cooling liquid to flow through a high-temperature pipeline of the first heat exchanger through a first three-way valve; and a proper amount of cold accumulation water flows through the low-temperature pipeline of the first heat exchanger under the control of the second three-way valve, so that the cold accumulation water exchanges heat with the cooling liquid and cools the cooling liquid.
Preferably, the first threshold temperature and the second threshold temperature are set according to heat dissipation requirements, and the first threshold temperature is higher than the second threshold temperature.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the cold accumulation system is added in the fuel cell system to serve as a buffer, so that the peak heat dissipation capacity of the existing heat dissipation system of the fuel cell is effectively increased, and the power performance of the fuel cell vehicle is improved;
the invention provides an effective fuel cell system idling zero output scheme; if the fuel cell system can not achieve zero power output in idling, redundant electric energy needs to be stored in a power battery of the whole vehicle; however, under the condition that the power battery is high in SOC or low in temperature, the power battery cannot be charged with electric energy, at the moment, only the fuel battery system can be closed, and the power battery system is started when power requirements of the whole vehicle are waited, so that the system starting and stopping frequency is obviously increased; in order to realize zero output at idle speed, the conventional method is to consume redundant electric power through an air compressor, a heater or a cooling fan, which is undoubtedly waste; the invention can consume the redundant electric energy of the system in idle speed by the refrigerating system and store the redundant electric energy in the form of cold water;
the invention can reduce the failure occurrence rate and variable working condition frequency of the fuel cell system, and improve the reliability and durability of the fuel cell system; the invention can greatly increase the heat dissipation capacity of the fuel cell system, thereby effectively relieving the overtemperature problem under the short-time peak power working condition and greatly reducing the occurrence of overtemperature faults.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a heat exchange relationship diagram of a fuel cell thermal management system of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a fuel cell thermal management system with a cold storage function according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solution, the structural features, the achieved objects and the effects of the embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.
It should be noted that the drawings are simplified and not to precise scale, so that the drawings are provided for convenience and clarity in describing the embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the embodiments of the present invention.
It is to be noted that, in the present invention, relational terms such as first and second, and the like are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
The embodiment discloses a fuel cell thermal management system with cold accumulation function, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, comprising a fuel cell main cooling system, a cold accumulation system exchanging heat with the fuel cell main cooling system through a first heat exchanger 6, and a refrigeration system exchanging heat with the cold accumulation system through a second heat exchanger 11.
The first heat exchanger 6 is used for heat exchange of the main cooling system of the fuel cell and the cold accumulation system, and comprises a high-temperature pipeline and a low-temperature pipeline, the high-temperature pipeline 61 of the first heat exchanger is connected in the main cooling system of the fuel cell, and the low-temperature pipeline 62 of the first heat exchanger is connected in the cold accumulation system. The second heat exchanger 11 is used for heat exchange between the cold storage system and the refrigeration system, and also includes a high temperature pipeline 111 connected to the cold storage system and a low temperature pipeline 112 connected to the refrigeration system. Preferably, stainless steel plate heat exchangers are selected for both the first heat exchanger 6 and the second heat exchanger 11.
The fuel cell generates electricity by an electrochemical reaction between fuel and air in the fuel cell stack 3 while generating a large amount of heat, and the fuel cell main cooling system directly dissipates heat to the fuel cell stack 3 by circulating a cooling fluid in a pipe.
The fuel cell main cooling system comprises: the first circulating water pump 1 is arranged at the upstream of the fuel cell stack 3 and provides circulating power for the cooling liquid in the main cooling system of the fuel cell, and in other embodiments, the first circulating water pump 1 can also be arranged at other positions of the pipeline of the main cooling system of the fuel cell and also can play a role in providing circulating power; a first temperature sensor 2 disposed upstream of the fuel cell stack 3 for detecting a stack-entering water temperature of the coolant entering the pipe of the fuel cell stack 3; the radiator 5 is connected with the first heat exchanger high-temperature pipeline 61 in parallel, the radiator 5 and the first heat exchanger high-temperature pipeline 61 are both arranged at the downstream of the fuel cell stack 3, and the cooling liquid enters the radiator 5 and the first heat exchanger high-temperature pipeline 61 for heat dissipation after passing through the fuel cell stack 3; and a first three-way valve 4 provided between the radiator 5 and the first heat exchanger high-temperature piping 61 and the fuel cell stack 3, for distributing the flow of the coolant passing through the radiator 5 and the first heat exchanger high-temperature piping 61.
The radiator 5 is used for radiating heat in the cooling liquid passing through the radiator 5 to the ambient air, so that the heat of the fuel cell main cooling system is radiated to the ambient air.
The flow direction of the cooling liquid in the main cooling system of the fuel cell is as follows: after being powered by the first circulating water pump 1, the cooling liquid enters the fuel cell stack 3 to take away heat, after being distributed by the first three-way valve 4, part of the cooling liquid is cooled through the radiator 5, the other part of the cooling liquid is cooled through the first heat exchanger 6 and the cold accumulation system, the two parts of the cooling liquid are cooled respectively and then return to the stack circulating water pump 1, and the first temperature sensor 2 monitors whether the temperature of the cooling liquid entering the fuel cell stack 3 meets the requirements.
Cold storage water circulates in the cold storage system and exchanges heat with the cooling liquid of the main cooling system of the fuel cell through the first heat exchanger 6, and the cold storage system comprises a first heat exchanger and a second heat exchanger which are connected through a pipeline: the second circulating water pump 7 is arranged at the upstream of the low-temperature pipeline 62 of the first heat exchanger 6 and provides circulating power for the cold storage water of the cold storage system; a second three-way valve 8 disposed between the first heat exchanger low-temperature pipeline 62 and the second circulating water pump 7, for controlling the flow rate of the cold storage water flowing into the first heat exchanger low-temperature pipeline 62; a storage tank 9 disposed downstream of the first heat exchanger low-temperature line 62 for storing low-temperature cold-storage water; a second temperature sensor 10 arranged at the outlet of the water storage tank 9 and used for detecting the temperature of cold storage water in the cold storage system; and a second heat exchanger high-temperature pipeline 111 connected between the second temperature sensor 10 and the second circulating water pump 7 and used for heat exchange between the cold storage system and the refrigeration system.
The water storage tank 9 and the pipelines at the two ends thereof are provided with heat insulation layers, and the volume of the water storage tank 9 depends on the duration time required by the peak heat dissipation capacity of the fuel cell.
By arranging a bypass in parallel with the first heat exchanger low-temperature pipeline 62, namely, a bypass which is directly connected by avoiding the first heat exchanger low-temperature pipeline 62 is arranged between the second three-way valve 8 and the water storage tank 9; the second three-way valve 8 controls the cold storage water flow flowing into the first heat exchanger low-temperature pipeline 62, specifically: when the heat dissipation capacity of the main cooling system of the fuel cell is insufficient, that is, all the cooling liquid cannot be reduced to the required temperature only by the radiator 5, the first three-way valve 4 controls the cooling liquid with proper flow to flow through the high-temperature pipeline 61 of the first heat exchanger, and the second three-way valve 8 also controls the cold storage water with proper flow to the water storage tank 9 through the low-temperature pipeline 62 of the first heat exchanger, so that the heat dissipation capacity of part of the main cooling system of the fuel cell can be shared, and other cold storage water directly flows to the water storage tank 9 through a bypass which is connected with the low-temperature pipeline 62 of the first heat exchanger in parallel; when the heat dissipation capacity of the main cooling system of the fuel cell is enough, the first three-way valve 4 controls all cooling liquid to flow through the radiator 5 for heat dissipation, and the second three-way valve 8 controls all cold storage water to flow through a bypass which is connected with the low-temperature pipeline 62 of the first heat exchanger in parallel and be stored in the water storage tank 9.
In order to make the heat dissipation effect of the cold storage water on the cooling liquid reach the expectation, a PID (proportional integral derivative) closed-loop control is arranged between the first three-way valve 4, the second three-way valve 8 and the first temperature sensor 2, the flow of the cooling liquid passing through the radiator 5 and the high temperature pipeline 61 of the first heat exchanger are adjusted through the first three-way valve 4, the cold storage water flow passing through the low temperature pipeline 62 of the first heat exchanger is adjusted through the second three-way valve 8, and meanwhile, the measured value of the first temperature sensor 2 is monitored, namely the temperature of the entering water of the fuel cell pile 3 is enabled to reach the allowable value, and the maximum allowable entering water temperature is 70 ℃ under the general condition. The flow rate of the coolant passing through the radiator 5 is controlled within a certain range, so that the heat dissipation capacity of the radiator 5 is exerted and is within the maximum heat dissipation capacity of the radiator 5.
The flow direction of cold storage water in the cold storage system is as follows: the cold water is powered by the second circulating water pump 7, exchanges heat with the main cooling system of the fuel cell through the first heat exchanger 6 or directly flows to the water storage tank 9, and then flows through the second heat exchanger 11 to exchange heat with the refrigeration system and then returns to the second circulating water pump 7 again.
The refrigerant circularly flows in the refrigeration system and exchanges heat with cold storage water in the cold storage system through the second heat exchanger 11, and the refrigeration system comprises: a compressor 13 disposed downstream of the second heat exchanger low-temperature line 112, for compressing the refrigerant flowing therethrough to raise the temperature thereof and providing a circulating power of the refrigerant in the line; a condenser 14 arranged downstream of said compressor 13, in which the refrigerant exchanges heat with the environment to be cooled; a throttle valve 12 disposed between the condenser 14 and the low-temperature line of the second heat exchanger 11, which reduces the pressure of the refrigerant passing therethrough, and at the same time, there may be some vaporization of the refrigerant to further reduce the temperature of the refrigerant flowing out of the throttle valve; the cooled refrigerant flows through the second heat exchanger 11 to exchange heat with the cold storage system, and then flows into the compressor 13 to be circulated again.
Use above-mentioned fuel cell thermal management system to dispel the heat to fuel cell, control cold-storage system and refrigerating system's work in different working stages makes it store low temperature cold-storage water when the heat dissipation of fuel cell main cooling system is enough, supplementary heat dissipation when the heat dissipation of fuel cell main cooling system is not enough specifically includes following three working stages:
and (3) idling working stage: at the moment, the required power of the whole vehicle is zero, if the fuel cell system is directly closed, the fuel cell system is frequently started and stopped, so that the service life of the fuel cell system is reduced, and the fuel cell system is usually operated at reduced power; the energy conversion efficiency of the fuel cell can be improved due to the reduction of the power, but the monomer voltage is also increased, and the service life of the fuel cell is also shortened due to the overhigh monomer voltage; therefore, the fuel cell system usually specifies a minimum power condition to keep the cell voltage and power at proper values, but the normal auxiliary power consumption under the minimum power condition is often not enough to consume all the power generated by the fuel cell stack 3;
therefore, in the idle working stage, the cold accumulation system is not needed for heat exchange of the main cooling system of the fuel cell, the second circulating water pump 7 and the compressor 13 of the refrigeration system and the cold accumulation system are started to consume the redundant output power of the fuel cell system under the minimum power working condition, and at the moment: the coolant is controlled to completely flow through the radiator 5 through the first three-way valve 4; the refrigerant circulates in the refrigerating system to consume redundant power; after the cold storage water and the refrigerant are subjected to heat exchange and temperature reduction through the second heat exchanger 11, the cold storage water and the refrigerant are controlled by the second three-way valve 8 to completely flow through a bypass connected with the first heat exchanger 6 in parallel, and the cold storage water circulates in the cold storage system to consume redundant power, and meanwhile, the storage work of the low-temperature cold storage water is carried out in the water storage tank 9, but the redundant power in the idle working stage can not complete sufficient low-temperature cold storage water storage under the general condition, and the low-temperature cold storage water still needs to be stored in the next stage.
And (3) a normal working stage: this moment, the whole vehicle demand power is medium or the ambient temperature is lower for radiator 5's heat-sinking capability is enough, and its radiator fan is not fully opened, also need not the cold-storage system to assist the heat dissipation, can carry out the storage work of low temperature cold storage water, and is specific: the coolant is controlled to completely flow through the radiator 5 through the first three-way valve 4; monitoring the temperature of a second temperature sensor 10 at the outlet of the water storage tank 9, when the temperature is higher than a first threshold value temperature, opening a second circulating water pump 7 to enable cold storage water to circularly flow, and simultaneously opening a compressor 13 of a refrigerating system to enable the refrigerating system to cool the cold storage water in the cold storage system, wherein the second three-way valve 8 is used for controlling the cold storage water to completely flow through a bypass which is connected with a low-temperature pipeline 62 of the first heat exchanger in parallel; when the measured temperature of the second temperature sensor 10 is lower than the second threshold temperature, the refrigeration system is turned off, and simultaneously the second circulating water pump 7 is turned off, and sufficient cold storage water is stored in the water storage tank 9.
The first threshold temperature and the second threshold temperature are set according to heat dissipation requirements, and the first threshold temperature is higher than the second threshold temperature, for example, the first threshold temperature is set to be 25 ℃, and the second threshold temperature is set to be 10 ℃.
An overheat load working stage: the whole car required power is higher and ambient temperature is also higher this moment for 5 full load work of radiator (radiator fan opens fully) still can not reach the purpose that reduces the temperature of the main cooling system of fuel cell pile completely, consequently need open the supplementary heat dissipation cooling of cold-storage system, specific: shutting down the refrigeration system in case it consumes additional power; a second circulating water pump 7 of the cold accumulation system is opened to make the cold accumulation water flow circularly; a proper amount of cooling liquid is controlled to flow through the first heat exchanger high-temperature pipeline 61 through the first three-way valve 4; the second three-way valve 8 controls a proper amount of cold accumulation water to flow through the low-temperature pipeline 62 of the first heat exchanger, so that the cold accumulation water exchanges heat with part of the cooling liquid and cools the cooling liquid, and the peak heat dissipation capacity of the fuel cell is improved.
In other embodiments, an air conditioning system or a heat pump system on the whole vehicle can be used or modified as a refrigerating system to provide a cold source for the cold accumulation system so as to cool the cold accumulation water, so that the cost is further reduced, and the space is saved.
The fuel cell vehicle is additionally provided with the cold accumulation system as a buffer, so that the peak heat dissipation capacity of the existing heat dissipation system of the fuel cell is effectively increased, and the power performance of the fuel cell vehicle is improved.
For example, for a fuel cell vehicle with a rated power demand of 80kW and a peak power demand of 120kW, a radiator of 80kW may be selected with a cold storage system of 60L water storage tank. When the vehicle runs at the peak power, the cold accumulation system can support the whole vehicle to run for more than 6 minutes at the peak power (more than 50% of rated load), and can support the whole vehicle to run for several kilometers at full speed, and the detailed calculation is as follows: assuming that the target temperature (second threshold temperature) of the cold water storage system is 10 ℃, the maximum allowable stack temperature of the fuel cell system is 70 ℃; then the peak power operation time T = Q/W =15120kJ/40kW =378S =6.3min, wherein Q is the heat capacity of the cold storage water, Q = C × m × Δ T =4.2kJ/kg/K × 60kg × (70-10) K =15120kJ, W is the auxiliary heat dissipation power provided by the cold storage system, and W =120kW-80kW =40kW.
While the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood that the above description should not be taken as limiting the invention. Various modifications and alterations to this invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the foregoing description. Accordingly, the scope of the invention should be limited only by the attached claims.
Claims (10)
1. A fuel cell thermal management system with a cold storage function, comprising:
the fuel cell main cooling system directly dissipates heat for the fuel cell stack through cooling liquid circulation;
the cold storage system is used for circulating cold water and exchanging heat with a cooling liquid of the main cooling system of the fuel cell through a first heat exchanger;
and the refrigerating system is used for circulating and flowing the refrigerant in the refrigerating system and exchanging heat with the cold storage water in the cold storage system through the second heat exchanger.
2. The fuel cell thermal management system with cold accumulation function of claim 1, wherein said first heat exchanger includes a high temperature pipeline and a low temperature pipeline, wherein the first heat exchanger high temperature pipeline is connected in the fuel cell main cooling system, and the first heat exchanger low temperature pipeline is connected in the cold accumulation system;
the second heat exchanger also comprises a high-temperature pipeline and a low-temperature pipeline, wherein the high-temperature pipeline of the second heat exchanger is connected in the cold accumulation system, and the low-temperature pipeline of the second heat exchanger is connected in the refrigeration system.
3. The fuel cell thermal management system with cold storage function according to claim 2, wherein said fuel cell primary cooling system comprises, connected by piping:
the first circulating water pump is used for providing circulating power for cooling liquid in the main cooling system of the fuel cell;
the first temperature sensor is arranged at the upstream of the fuel cell stack and used for detecting the temperature of the cooling liquid entering a pipeline of the fuel cell stack;
the radiator is connected with the high-temperature pipeline of the first heat exchanger in parallel, and the radiator and the first heat exchanger are both arranged at the downstream of the fuel cell stack and used for radiating heat for the cooling liquid;
and the first three-way valve is arranged between the radiator and the first heat exchanger as well as the fuel cell stack and is used for controlling and distributing the flow of the cooling liquid passing through the radiator and the high-temperature pipeline of the first heat exchanger.
4. The fuel cell thermal management system with cold accumulation function according to claim 3, wherein said cold accumulation system comprises, connected by a pipe:
the second circulating water pump is arranged at the upstream of the low-temperature pipeline of the first heat exchanger and provides circulating power for cold storage water of the cold storage system;
the second three-way valve is arranged between the first heat exchanger low-temperature pipeline and the second circulating water pump and used for controlling the cold storage water flow flowing into the first heat exchanger low-temperature pipeline;
the water storage tank is arranged at the downstream of the low-temperature pipeline of the first heat exchanger and stores cold water when the cold water is not required to circulate;
the second temperature sensor is arranged at the outlet of the water storage tank and is used for detecting the water temperature of cold storage water of the cold storage system; wherein the high-temperature pipeline of the second heat exchanger is connected with the second temperature sensor and the second circulating water pump
And the heat exchanger is used for heat exchange between the cold accumulation system and the refrigeration system.
5. The fuel cell thermal management system with cold accumulation function according to claim 4, wherein said water storage tank and the pipes at both ends thereof are provided with thermal insulation layers, and the volume of the water storage tank depends on the duration time required for the peak heat dissipation capacity of the fuel cell.
6. The fuel cell thermal management system with cold storage function according to claim 4, wherein a bypass is provided in parallel with the low temperature pipeline of the first heat exchanger and connected to the second three-way valve and the water storage tank, respectively
When the heat dissipation capacity of the main cooling system of the fuel cell is insufficient, the first three-way valve controls cooling liquid with proper flow to flow through the high-temperature pipeline of the first heat exchanger, and the second three-way valve controls cold-storage water with proper flow to flow through the low-temperature pipeline of the first heat exchanger; when the heat dissipation capacity of the main cooling system of the fuel cell is enough, the first three-way valve controls all cooling water to flow through the radiator, and all cold storage water of the second three-way valve passes through a bypass which is connected with the low-temperature pipeline of the first heat exchanger in parallel.
7. The fuel cell thermal management system with cold accumulation function according to claim 6, wherein PID closed-loop control is provided between the first three-way valve, the second three-way valve and the first temperature sensor, the flow rate of the cooling liquid passing through the high temperature pipeline of the first heat exchanger is adjusted by the first three-way valve, the flow rate of the cold accumulation water passing through the low temperature pipeline of the first heat exchanger is adjusted by the second three-way valve, and the measurement value of the first temperature sensor is monitored to reach a desired value.
8. The fuel cell thermal management system with cold storage function of claim 7, wherein said refrigeration system comprises, connected by piping:
the compressor is arranged at the downstream of the low-temperature pipeline of the second heat exchanger, compresses the flowing refrigerant to heat the refrigerant and provides circulating power of the refrigerant in the pipeline;
the condenser is arranged at the downstream of the compressor, and the refrigerant exchanges heat with the environment in the condenser to reduce the temperature;
and the throttling valve is arranged between the condenser and the low-temperature pipeline of the second heat exchanger and is used for reducing the pressure of the passing refrigerant.
9. The fuel cell thermal management system with cold storage functionality according to claim 8, comprising three operational phases:
and (3) idling working stage: starting a second circulating water pump of the refrigeration system and the cold accumulation system; controlling all the cooling liquid to flow through the radiator through a first three-way valve; controlling all cold water to flow through a bypass connected with the first heat exchanger in parallel through a second three-way valve;
and (3) a normal working stage: controlling all the cooling liquid to flow through the radiator through a first three-way valve; monitoring the temperature of a second temperature sensor at the outlet of the water storage tank, opening a second circulating water pump to enable cold storage water to flow circularly when the temperature of the second temperature sensor is higher than a first threshold value temperature, and simultaneously starting a refrigeration system to cool the cold storage water in the cold storage system, wherein the cold storage water is controlled to flow through a bypass which is connected with the low-temperature pipeline of the first heat exchanger in parallel through a second three-way valve; when the measured temperature of the second temperature sensor is lower than a second threshold temperature, the refrigerating system is closed, meanwhile, the second circulating water pump is closed, and sufficient cold storage water is stored in the water storage tank;
and (3) an overheating load working stage: shutting down the refrigeration system; opening a second circulating water pump to enable the cold storage water to flow circularly; controlling a proper amount of cooling liquid to flow through a high-temperature pipeline of the first heat exchanger through a first three-way valve; and a proper amount of cold accumulation water flows through the low-temperature pipeline of the first heat exchanger through the control of a second three-way valve, so that the cold accumulation water exchanges heat with the cooling liquid and cools the cooling liquid.
10. The fuel cell thermal management system with cold storage function according to claim 9, wherein the first threshold temperature and the second threshold temperature are set according to heat dissipation requirements, and the first threshold temperature is higher than the second threshold temperature.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117352901A (en) * | 2023-10-17 | 2024-01-05 | 广州高澜节能技术股份有限公司 | Energy storage cabinet cooling system and cooling method |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117352901A (en) * | 2023-10-17 | 2024-01-05 | 广州高澜节能技术股份有限公司 | Energy storage cabinet cooling system and cooling method |
| CN117352901B (en) * | 2023-10-17 | 2024-05-14 | 广州高澜节能技术股份有限公司 | Energy storage cabinet cooling system and cooling method |
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