CN115801156A - Millimeter wave MIMO beam domain channel modeling method and system - Google Patents

Millimeter wave MIMO beam domain channel modeling method and system Download PDF

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CN115801156A
CN115801156A CN202211102161.2A CN202211102161A CN115801156A CN 115801156 A CN115801156 A CN 115801156A CN 202211102161 A CN202211102161 A CN 202211102161A CN 115801156 A CN115801156 A CN 115801156A
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刘洋
钱昊
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Jiangnan University
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Abstract

The invention relates to a beam domain modeling method based on large-scale MIMO, which comprises the steps of establishing a geometric domain CI R system model representing an MIMO channel, carrying out beam domain conversion through a unitary matrix to obtain a beam domain CI R system model, and modeling scattering environments between a transmitter and a receiver of the beam domain CI R system model into a single-hop cluster and a double-hop cluster; 3D modeling is carried out on the single-hop clusters and the double-hop clusters to obtain a 3D model in which the single-hop clusters and the double-hop clusters exist in a compounding mode; and performing visual area modeling on the single-hop clusters and the double-hop clusters on the planar antenna array by adopting a visual area theory, and generating the positions and the lengths of the visual areas of the single-hop clusters and the double-hop clusters in the horizontal and vertical directions so as to represent the channel non-stationarity. The invention considers the rich scattering characteristic of the MIMO channel, introduces single/double hop clusters, describes the visible area of the clusters on the antenna plane array, simulates the space-time-frequency non-stationarity of the large-scale MIMO channel, and the simulation result shows that the modeling method has good effectiveness.

Description

Millimeter wave MIMO beam domain channel modeling method and system
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of channel modeling, in particular to a millimeter wave MIMO-based beam domain modeling method and system.
Background
In massive MIMO systems, base stations (Base Station) are equipped with a large number of antennas, resulting in huge transceiver complexity. And converting the system channel from the spatial Domain to the Beam Domain is an effective scheme. Beam domain channel modeling characterizes the power coupling between transmit and receive beams by sampling the propagation environment in the angular domain. As the number of antennas increases, channel elements of a beam domain tend to be uncorrelated, fading of the channel elements decreases, and frequency flat characteristics are exhibited.
With the increasing shortage of wireless spectrum resources, the development of millimeter wave frequency band becomes one of the research hotspots in the communication field. Compared with the frequency band below 6GHz, the massive MIMO channel of the millimeter wave frequency band has more remarkable scattering effect and high attenuation due to the complex rich scattering environment. For millimeter wave band beam domain modeling, more accurately subdivided cluster modeling needs to be used to characterize the distribution of millimeter wave band clusters.
Many beam domain channel studies and measurements indicate that the introduction of massive MIMO techniques makes the spatially non-stationary nature of the clusters in the beam domain channel non-negligible. Therefore, it is crucial to establish an accurate massive MIMO beam domain channel model in the millimeter wave band. In general, there are two different approaches to characterizing the non-stationarity of a cluster by channel modeling: the first is a life-death (BD) process, focusing on the evolution of clusters over time; the second is a cluster visible area (VR) method, where VR refers to an area on the antenna array, each cluster is assigned to a particular VR, and the corresponding cluster is only visible to the antenna when the antenna is in the VR. Therefore, it is crucial to establish a large-scale MIMO beam domain channel model representing spatial non-stationarity in the millimeter wave frequency band.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a millimeter wave MIMO-based beam domain modeling method and system, which consider the rich scattering characteristic of an MIMO channel, introduce single/double hop clusters, describe a visible area clustered on an antenna plane array and simulate the space-time-frequency non-stationarity of a large-scale MIMO channel, and simulation results show that the modeling method has good effectiveness.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a millimeter wave MIMO-based beam domain modeling method, which comprises the following steps:
s1, establishing a geometric domain CIR system model representing an MIMO channel, and performing beam domain conversion through a unitary matrix to obtain a beam domain CIR system model, wherein the beam domain CIR system model adopts a single-hop and double-hop propagation composite mechanism, and a scattering environment between a transmitter and a receiver corresponding to the beam domain CIR system model is modeled into a single-hop cluster and a double-hop cluster;
s2, performing 3D modeling on parameters of the single-hop clusters and the double-hop clusters in the S1 based on rich scattering characteristics of a millimeter wave channel to obtain a 3D model in which the single-hop clusters and the double-hop clusters are combined, wherein the 3D modeling comprises geometric distribution, angles, time delay and power of the single-hop clusters and the double-hop clusters;
and S3, performing visual area modeling on the single-hop clusters and the double-hop clusters on the planar antenna array by adopting a visual area theory, and generating the positions and the lengths of the visual areas of the single-hop clusters and the double-hop clusters in the horizontal and vertical directions so as to represent the channel non-stationarity.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the single-hop cluster and the double-hop cluster in S1 are represented as: the single-hop cluster represents a virtual link from a transmitting end to the single-hop cluster and then to a receiving end; a pair of dual hop clusters represents a first bounce from a transmitter to a first reflecting cluster and a virtual link consisting of a last bounce from the last reflecting cluster to a receiver and multiple bounces between the first and last bounces.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the method for establishing a geometric domain CIR system model characterizing a MIMO channel in S1 and performing beam domain transformation through a unitary matrix to obtain the beam domain CIR system model includes:
s1.1, establishing a geometric domain CIR system model as follows:
Figure BDA0003841021970000021
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0003841021970000022
Figure BDA0003841021970000023
Figure BDA0003841021970000024
in the formula, h i，j (tau) represents the impulse response between the ith row and jth column of antennas of the transmitting terminal and the receiving terminal, SBC represents a single-hop cluster, DBC represents a double-hop cluster, LOS represents a sight line part, and K represents a line of sight part R Denotes the Rice factor, P k Representing the normalized total power, η, of the kth path between the transmitting end and the receiving end SBC And η DBC The scattering power ratios of the single-hop clusters and the double-hop clusters are respectively,
Figure BDA0003841021970000025
representing an impulse response between a transmitting end and a receiving end, wherein:
Figure BDA0003841021970000026
Figure BDA0003841021970000027
in the formula (d) h And d v Respectively representing the spacing in azimuth and elevation of adjacent antennas in a uniform planar antenna array,
Figure BDA0003841021970000028
and
Figure BDA0003841021970000029
respectively representing the azimuth angles of the base station side and the user side of the k-th path;
Figure BDA00038410219700000210
and
Figure BDA00038410219700000211
elevation angles, v, of a base station side and a user side respectively representing a k-th path k Denotes the Doppler shift, wherein f k = v/λ, λ represents a wavelength, and v and α represent a moving speed and a moving azimuth angle of the user side, respectively; f. of c Representing the carrier frequency, τ k Denotes the propagation delay of the k-th path, phi k Representing a phase shift of a kth path;
s1.2, notes
Figure BDA00038410219700000212
In (1)
Figure BDA00038410219700000213
The response matrix of the uniform planar antenna array is written as:
Figure BDA0003841021970000031
s1.3, introducing transformation matrix
Figure BDA0003841021970000032
Performing beam domain switching to obtain:
Figure BDA0003841021970000033
wherein:
Figure BDA0003841021970000034
Figure BDA0003841021970000035
in the formula I s And I e Respectively, a start index and an end index of the antenna for the visible region on the uniform planar antenna array.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the method for performing 3D modeling on parameters of a single/double-hop cluster in S2 includes:
s2.1, modeling the geometric distribution of the single/double-hop clusters based on the distance from the single/double-hop clusters to the transmitting end and the receiving end and obeying exponential distribution;
s2.2, modeling the geometric distribution of the single/double jump clusters based on the von Misses distribution of the azimuth angle and the cosine distribution of the elevation angle of the single/double jump clusters;
s2.3, obtaining distance vectors of the single/double hop clusters at the transmitter and the receiver sides according to the angle parameters of the single/double hop clusters, and modeling the delay, the frequency shift and the phase shift of the single/double hop clusters based on the distance vectors;
and S2.4, modeling the power of the single/double hop clusters according to the delay obtained in the S2.3.
In one embodiment of the invention, the method of S2.1 comprises: the distances from the single/double hop clusters to the transmitting end and the receiving end are subjected to exponential distribution
Figure BDA0003841021970000036
Obtain the geometric distribution of single/double jumping clusters as
Figure BDA0003841021970000037
Wherein k is d A distance parameter representing an exponential distribution.
In one embodiment of the invention, the method of S2.2 comprises: azimuth angle of single/double jump cluster
Figure BDA0003841021970000038
Obeying von mises distribution, elevation
Figure BDA0003841021970000041
A cosine distribution is obeyed in which, among other things,
Figure BDA0003841021970000042
respectively representing azimuth and elevation angles between the single/double hop clusters and the center of the transmit antenna array,
Figure BDA0003841021970000043
respectively representing azimuth and elevation angles between the single/double hop clusters and the center of the receive antenna array.
In one embodiment of the invention, the method of S2.3 comprises:
obtaining the distance vector from the single/double hop clusters to the center of the transmitter and receiver array according to the angle parameter
Figure BDA0003841021970000044
Figure BDA0003841021970000045
Wherein D represents an initial position vector of the receiver,
Figure BDA0003841021970000046
respectively representing compliance with exponential distribution
Figure BDA0003841021970000047
And
Figure BDA0003841021970000048
the Frobenius norm of (a);
the doppler shift and phase shift of the LoS component are:
Figure BDA0003841021970000049
Figure BDA00038410219700000410
distance of LoS path component
Figure BDA00038410219700000411
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure BDA00038410219700000412
to represent
Figure BDA00038410219700000413
And with
Figure BDA00038410219700000414
BetweenThe LoS distance vector of (a) is,
Figure BDA00038410219700000415
an antenna p at the transmitting end is shown,
Figure BDA00038410219700000416
an antenna q at the receiving end is represented,
Figure BDA00038410219700000417
are respectively
Figure BDA00038410219700000418
And
Figure BDA00038410219700000419
is determined by the 3D position vector of (a),
Figure BDA00038410219700000420
and
Figure BDA00038410219700000421
respectively representing the maximum Doppler shift, v, of the transmitting and receiving antennas T And v R Are the relative velocity vectors of the transmitting end and the receiving end, phi, respectively 0 For the initial phase, λ is the wavelength,<·，·>representing an inner product operation;
the doppler shift and phase shift of the SBC component are:
Figure BDA00038410219700000422
Figure BDA00038410219700000423
distance of SBC path component therein
Figure BDA00038410219700000424
Figure BDA00038410219700000425
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure BDA00038410219700000426
and
Figure BDA00038410219700000427
are respectively
Figure BDA00038410219700000428
The s-th single-hop cluster,
Figure BDA00038410219700000429
A distance vector between the cluster and the s-th single hop cluster;
the doppler shift and phase shift of the DBC component are respectively:
Figure BDA00038410219700000430
Figure BDA0003841021970000051
wherein the distance of the DBC path component
Figure BDA0003841021970000052
Figure BDA0003841021970000053
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure BDA0003841021970000054
and
Figure BDA0003841021970000055
respectively represent
Figure BDA0003841021970000056
The m-th double-jumping cluster,
Figure BDA0003841021970000057
The distance vector from the nth double-hop cluster,
Figure BDA0003841021970000058
denotes a virtual delay, D denotes a transmitting/receiving end distance, tau max Represents the maximum time delay and c represents the speed of light.
In one embodiment of the invention, the method of S2.4 comprises: the average power of the single/double hop clusters on the kth path is:
Figure BDA0003841021970000059
wherein the virtual delay of the k path
Figure BDA00038410219700000510
r τ Denotes the ratio of delays, σ τ Denotes a randomly generated delay spread factor, u n Representing random variables, i.e. u, subject to uniform distribution n ～U(0，1)，Z n Obeying a Gaussian distribution, Z n ～N(0，σ k )，σ k The standard deviation of the shading for single/double hop clusters is indicated.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the method of S3 includes: performing visual area modeling on the planar antenna array to generate the visual area positions of the single/double jumping clusters in the horizontal and vertical directions:
Figure BDA00038410219700000511
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA00038410219700000512
and
Figure BDA00038410219700000513
antenna array with horizontally oriented visible areas each clusterColumn start and end indices, subject to uniform distribution
Figure BDA00038410219700000514
Figure BDA00038410219700000515
And
Figure BDA00038410219700000516
the antenna array start index and end index in the vertical direction of the visible area of the cluster respectively, and are subject to uniform distribution
Figure BDA00038410219700000517
Figure BDA00038410219700000518
d h And d v Indicating the spacing of the UPA adjacent antennas in azimuth and elevation, respectively.
In addition, the invention also provides a beam domain modeling system based on millimeter wave MIMO, which comprises:
the CIR construction and beam domain transformation module is used for establishing a geometric domain CIR system model representing an MIMO channel and performing beam domain conversion through a unitary matrix to obtain a beam domain CIR system model, wherein the beam domain CIR system model adopts a single-hop and double-hop propagation composite mechanism, and a scattering environment between a transmitter and a receiver corresponding to the beam domain CIR system model is modeled into a single-hop cluster and a double-hop cluster;
and the single-hop cluster and double-hop cluster modeling module is used for performing 3D modeling on parameters of the single-hop cluster and the double-hop cluster in the S1 based on rich scattering characteristics of a millimeter wave channel to obtain a 3D model in which the single-hop cluster and the double-hop cluster exist in a composite mode, wherein the 3D modeling comprises the geometric distribution, the angle, the delay and the power of the single-hop cluster and the geometric distribution, the angle, the delay, the power and the virtual absolute delay of the double-hop cluster:
and the visual area modeling module is used for carrying out visual area modeling on the single-hop clusters and the double-hop clusters on the planar antenna array by adopting a visual area theory, and generating the positions and the lengths of the visual areas of the single-hop clusters and the double-hop clusters in the horizontal and vertical directions so as to represent the channel non-stationarity.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages:
the invention provides a millimeter wave MIMO beam domain channel modeling method, which considers the rich scattering characteristic of an MIMO channel, introduces single/double hop clusters, describes a visible area clustered on an antenna plane array, simulates the space-time-frequency non-stationarity of a large-scale MIMO channel, and has good effectiveness as shown by a simulation result.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a millimeter wave MIMO beam domain channel modeling method according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a millimeter wave beam domain channel scattering environment according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a profile of a channel response with a visibility region occupancy of 0.
Fig. 4 is a profile of the channel response with a visibility region ratio of 0.4.
Fig. 5 is a profile of the channel response with a visibility region ratio of 0.8.
Fig. 6 is a MPC (multi-path component part) position profile of the transmitting end UPA.
Fig. 7 is a diagram of channel capacity analysis of a 64x64 antenna array for different visible area ratios.
Fig. 8 is a diagram of channel capacity analysis of a 4x64 antenna array with different visible area ratios.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the following figures and specific examples so that those skilled in the art may better understand the present invention and practice it, but the examples are not intended to limit the present invention.
Some terms in the present invention explain: impulse Response (CIR); a Uniform Planar antenna Array (UPA).
Referring to fig. 1 and fig. 2, the invention discloses a millimeter wave MIMO beam domain channel modeling method, which comprises the following steps:
s1, establishing a geometric domain CIR system model representing an MIMO channel, and performing wave beam domain conversion through a unitary matrix to obtain a wave beam domain CIR system model, wherein the wave beam domain CIR system model adopts a single-hop and double-hop propagation composite mechanism, and a scattering environment between a transmitter and a receiver corresponding to the wave beam domain CIR system model is modeled into a single-hop cluster and a double-hop cluster;
s2, performing 3D modeling on the parameters of the single-hop cluster and the double-hop cluster in the S1 based on rich scattering characteristics of a millimeter wave channel to obtain a 3D model in which the single-hop cluster and the double-hop cluster exist in a composite mode, wherein the 3D modeling comprises the geometric distribution, the angle, the delay and the power of the single-hop cluster and the double-hop cluster;
and S3, performing visual area modeling on the single-hop clusters and the double-hop clusters on the planar antenna array by adopting a visual area theory, and generating the positions and the lengths of the visual areas of the single-hop clusters and the double-hop clusters in the horizontal and vertical directions so as to represent the channel non-stationarity.
The invention provides a millimeter wave MIMO beam domain channel modeling method, which considers the rich scattering characteristic of an MIMO channel, introduces single/double hop clusters, describes a visible area clustered on an antenna plane array, simulates the space-time-frequency non-stationarity of a large-scale MIMO channel, and has good effectiveness as shown by a simulation result.
Wherein, the single/double hop cluster in step S1 is represented as follows: the k-th path l k Two cases are distinguished: the first type is represented by a single hop cluster SBC, namely the single hop cluster SBC is formed from a transmitting terminal Tx to the single hop cluster SBC and then to a receiving terminal Rx; the second is represented by a pair of double-hop clusters DBC, i.e. from the transmitter Tx to the first reflection cluster DBC T First bounce and last reflection cluster DBC R The last bounce to the receiver Rx and the multiple bounces between the first and last bounce constitute an abstract virtual link.
Assuming that a transmitting end is in a static state and a receiving end is in a moving state, and the channel impulse response of a geometric domain is represented by P h ×P v Matrix array
Figure BDA0003841021970000071
Is represented by the formula, wherein h i，j (τ) is the transmit end Tx or UPA (uniform plane)Antenna array) impulse response between the ith row and jth column antennas and the receiving end Rx, i.e., UT (user), the impulse response of the proposed beam-domain CIR system model can be calculated as:
Figure BDA0003841021970000072
wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
Figure BDA0003841021970000073
Figure BDA0003841021970000074
Figure BDA0003841021970000075
wherein, K R Is the leis factor; p is k Represents the normalized total power of the kth path between Tx and Rx; eta SBC And η DBC The scattering power ratios of single-hop clusters and double-hop clusters are respectively satisfied with eta SBC +η DBC =1; the symbols f and φ are Doppler frequency and phase, as described below;
Figure BDA0003841021970000076
the impulse response between the transmitting end Tx and the receiving end Rx specifically includes:
Figure BDA0003841021970000077
Figure BDA0003841021970000078
the first half of the expression is the response of UPA at the transmitting end, and the second half is the frequency shift and phase shift caused by UT movement at the receiving end. Wherein, d h And d v Respectively representing the spacing of the UPA adjacent antennas in azimuth and elevation;
Figure BDA0003841021970000079
and
Figure BDA00038410219700000710
respectively representing the azimuth angles of the base station side and the user side of the kth path;
Figure BDA00038410219700000711
and
Figure BDA00038410219700000712
respectively representing elevation angles of a base station side and a user side of a k-th path; v. of k Is the Doppler shift, f k = v/λ, λ is the wavelength, v and α are the moving speed and moving azimuth angle of the user side, respectively; f. of c Is the carrier frequency, τ k Is the propagation delay of the kth path, phi k Is the phase shift of the kth path and is uniformly distributed in [0,2 π), i.e., Φ k ～U[0，2π)。
Then, the wave beam domain conversion is carried out through a unitary matrix:
note the book
Figure BDA00038410219700000713
In
Figure BDA00038410219700000714
The response matrix of the UPA can be written as:
Figure BDA00038410219700000715
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA00038410219700000716
Figure BDA0003841021970000081
introducing transformation matrices
Figure BDA0003841021970000082
Wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
Figure BDA0003841021970000083
Figure BDA0003841021970000084
and performing beam domain switching:
Figure BDA0003841021970000085
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0003841021970000086
I s and I e Respectively, a start index and an end index of the antenna index of the visual area on the UPA.
In step S2, the method for performing 3D modeling on the parameters of the single-hop cluster and the double-hop cluster in S1 respectively includes:
s2.1, modeling the geometric distribution of the single/double-hop clusters based on the distance from the single/double-hop clusters to the transmitting end and the receiving end and obeying exponential distribution;
s2.2, modeling the geometric distribution of the single/double jump clusters based on the von Misses distribution of the azimuth angle and the cosine distribution of the elevation angle of the single/double jump clusters;
s2.3, obtaining distance vectors of the single/double hop clusters at the transmitter and the receiver sides according to the angle parameters of the single/double hop clusters, and modeling the delay, the frequency shift and the phase shift of the single/double hop clusters based on the distance vectors;
and S2.4, modeling the power of the single/double hop clusters according to the delay obtained in the S2.3.
Specifically, the content of 3D modeling of the parameters of the single-hop cluster is as follows:
s21.1, enabling the distances from the single-hop clusters to the transmitting end and the receiving end to obey exponential distribution
Figure BDA0003841021970000087
Geometric distribution of single-hop clusters:
Figure BDA0003841021970000091
wherein k is d A distance parameter of exponential distribution;
s21.2, enabling azimuth angle of single-hop cluster
Figure BDA0003841021970000092
Obeying von mises distribution, elevation
Figure BDA0003841021970000093
A cosine distribution is obeyed in which, among other things,
Figure BDA0003841021970000094
respectively the azimuth angle and the elevation angle between the single-hop cluster and the center of the transmitting antenna array,
Figure BDA0003841021970000095
respectively the azimuth angle and the elevation angle between the single-hop cluster and the center of the receiving antenna array;
s21.3, obtaining distance vectors from the single-hop clusters to the centers of the transmitter Tx array and the receiver Rx array according to the angle parameters
Figure BDA0003841021970000096
Figure BDA0003841021970000097
Figure BDA0003841021970000098
Where D is the initial position vector of the receiver Rx,
Figure BDA0003841021970000099
respectively, subject to exponential distribution
Figure BDA00038410219700000910
The Frobenius norm of (a);
distance of LoS path component
Figure BDA00038410219700000911
Wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
Figure BDA00038410219700000912
is that
Figure BDA00038410219700000913
And
Figure BDA00038410219700000914
the LoS distance vector between the two (x) and (y),
Figure BDA00038410219700000915
is an antenna p at the transmitting end and,
Figure BDA00038410219700000916
which is the antenna q at the receiving end,
Figure BDA00038410219700000917
are respectively
Figure BDA00038410219700000918
And
Figure BDA00038410219700000919
of the 3D position vector.
The doppler shift and phase shift of the LoS component are:
Figure BDA00038410219700000920
Figure BDA00038410219700000921
wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
Figure BDA00038410219700000922
and
Figure BDA00038410219700000923
maximum Doppler shift, v, of the transmitting and receiving antennas, respectively T And v R Respectively, a transmitting end and a receiving end relative velocity vector. Phi is a 0 For the initial phase, λ is the wavelength,<·，·>representing the inner product operation.
Distance of SBC path components
Figure BDA00038410219700000924
Wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
Figure BDA00038410219700000925
and
Figure BDA00038410219700000926
are respectively
Figure BDA00038410219700000927
The s-th single-hop cluster,
Figure BDA00038410219700000928
The distance vector from the s-th single-hop cluster,
Figure BDA00038410219700000929
is an antenna p at the transmitting end and,
Figure BDA00038410219700000930
which is the antenna q at the receiving end,
Figure BDA00038410219700000931
are respectively
Figure BDA00038410219700000932
And
Figure BDA00038410219700000933
the 3D position vector of (a).
The doppler shift and phase shift of the SBC component are:
Figure BDA00038410219700000934
Figure BDA0003841021970000101
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0003841021970000102
and
Figure BDA0003841021970000103
maximum Doppler shift, v, of the transmitting and receiving antennas, respectively T And v R Are respectively the relative velocity vectors of the transmitting end and the receiving end, phi 0 For the initial phase, λ is the wavelength,<·，·>representing an inner product operation;
s21.4, the average power of the single-hop cluster on the kth path is as follows:
Figure BDA0003841021970000104
wherein the virtual delay of the k path
Figure BDA0003841021970000105
r τ Is the ratio of the delays, σ τ Is a randomly generated delay spread factor, u n Is a random variable, i.e. u, subject to uniform distribution n ～U(0，1)，Z n Obeying a Gaussian distribution, Z n ～N(0，σ k )，σ k Is the standard deviation of the shading for a single hop cluster.
Specifically, the content of 3D modeling of the parameters of the double-hop cluster is as follows:
s22.1, enabling the distances from the double-hop clusters to the transmitting end and the receiving end to be subjected to exponential distribution
Figure BDA0003841021970000106
Geometric distribution of double-hop clusters:
Figure BDA0003841021970000107
wherein k is d A distance parameter of exponential distribution;
s22.2, making the azimuth angle of the double-hop cluster
Figure BDA0003841021970000108
Obeying von mises distribution, elevation
Figure BDA0003841021970000109
A cosine distribution is obeyed in which, among other things,
Figure BDA00038410219700001010
respectively the azimuth and elevation between the dual-hop clusters and the center of the transmit antenna array,
Figure BDA00038410219700001011
respectively the azimuth angle and the elevation angle between the double-hop cluster and the center of the receiving antenna array;
s22.3, obtaining distance vectors from the double-hop clusters to the centers of the transmitter Tx array and the receiver Rx array according to the angle parameters
Figure BDA00038410219700001012
Figure BDA00038410219700001013
Figure BDA00038410219700001014
Where D is the initial position vector of the receiver Rx,
Figure BDA00038410219700001015
respectively subject to exponential distribution
Figure BDA00038410219700001016
The Frobenius norm of (a);
distance of DBC path component
Figure BDA00038410219700001017
Figure BDA00038410219700001018
Wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
Figure BDA00038410219700001019
and
Figure BDA00038410219700001020
are respectively
Figure BDA00038410219700001021
The m-th double-jumping cluster,
Figure BDA00038410219700001022
The distance vector from the nth double-hop cluster,
Figure BDA00038410219700001023
is an antenna p at the transmitting end and,
Figure BDA00038410219700001024
which is the antenna q at the receiving end,
Figure BDA00038410219700001025
are respectively
Figure BDA00038410219700001026
And
Figure BDA00038410219700001027
is determined by the 3D position vector of (a),
Figure BDA00038410219700001028
representing virtual delays, satisfying a uniform distribution, i.e.
Figure BDA00038410219700001029
D is the transmitting-receiving end distance, τ max For maximum delay, c is the speed of light.
The doppler shift and phase shift of the DBC component are:
Figure BDA0003841021970000111
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0003841021970000112
and
Figure BDA0003841021970000113
maximum Doppler shift, v, of the transmitting and receiving antennas, respectively T And v R Respectively, a transmitting end and a receiving end relative velocity vector. Phi is a unit of 0 For the initial phase, λ is the wavelength,<·，·>which represents the operation of the inner product,
Figure BDA0003841021970000114
representing virtual absolute delays, satisfying a uniform distribution, i.e.
Figure BDA0003841021970000115
D is the transmitting-receiving end distance, τ max For maximum delay, c is the speed of light;
s22.4, the average power of the double-hop clusters on the kth path is as follows:
Figure BDA0003841021970000116
wherein the content of the first and second substances,virtual delay of k path
Figure BDA0003841021970000117
r τ Is the ratio of the delays, σ τ Is a randomly generated delay spread factor u n Is a random variable, i.e. u, subject to uniform distribution n ～U(0，1)，Z n Obeying a Gaussian distribution, Z n ～N(0，σ k′ )，σ k′ Is the standard deviation of shading for the double-hop cluster.
In step S3, visual area modeling is performed on the planar antenna array to generate the visual area positions of the single-hop clusters in the horizontal and vertical directions:
Figure BDA0003841021970000118
wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
Figure BDA0003841021970000119
and
Figure BDA00038410219700001110
the antenna array start index and end index in the horizontal direction of the visible area, respectively, of the cluster, are subject to a uniform distribution, i.e.
Figure BDA00038410219700001111
Figure BDA00038410219700001112
Figure BDA00038410219700001113
And
Figure BDA00038410219700001114
the antenna array start index and end index in the vertical direction of the visible area, which are clusters, respectively, and are subject to uniform distribution, i.e.
Figure BDA00038410219700001115
Figure BDA00038410219700001116
d h And d v Indicating the spacing of the UPA adjacent antennas in azimuth and elevation, respectively. The channel non-stationarity in the planar antenna array region is not isotropic, i.e. the length of the visible area of the single-hop cluster is different in the horizontal and vertical directions.
Step S3, performing visible area modeling on the planar antenna array to generate visible area positions of the double-jump clusters in the horizontal and vertical directions:
Figure BDA00038410219700001117
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA00038410219700001118
and
Figure BDA00038410219700001119
the antenna array starting index and the end index of the visual area of the single-hop cluster in the horizontal direction are respectively, namely the visual area is uniformly distributed
Figure BDA00038410219700001120
Figure BDA00038410219700001121
And
Figure BDA00038410219700001122
the antenna array starting index and the antenna array ending index of the visible area of the double-hop cluster in the vertical direction respectively are subject to uniform distribution
Figure BDA00038410219700001123
d h And d v Indicating the spacing of the UPA adjacent antennas in azimuth and elevation, respectively. The channel non-stationarity in the planar antenna array domain is not isotropic, i.e. the length of the visible area of the dual-hop cluster is different in the horizontal and vertical directions.
The technical solution of the present invention is further explained and explained with reference to the specific embodiments.
The invention selects an indoor office environment as a reference environment. In order to characterize the beam domain channel model, fig. 3-6 show the response profile of the channel matrix H and the angle distribution of the transmitting end rays. The result shows that under the condition of partial visible area occupation ratios of different single/double hop clusters, the array non-stationarity of the large-scale MIMO channel can increase the beam width and reduce the spatial resolution of partial visible directions, thereby influencing the richness of the beams.
Theoretically, the size of the channel capacity is in direct proportion to the number of antennas, and the M × M antenna system has M times channel capacity gain compared with the antenna system. The simulation results of fig. 7 and 8 are not consistent with the theoretical results, which can be explained by the rich scattering characteristics of the beam domain channels. Meanwhile, the larger the partial visual area occupancy of the single/double hop cluster, the smaller the channel capacity, since as the partial visual area increases, the beam becomes wider, causing power leakage and appearing more conspicuously on larger scale antenna arrays.
In the following, a millimeter wave MIMO-based beam domain modeling system disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention is introduced, and a millimeter wave MIMO-based beam domain modeling system described below and a millimeter wave MIMO-based beam domain modeling method described above may be referred to in a corresponding manner.
The embodiment of the present invention further provides a millimeter wave MIMO-based beam domain modeling system, including:
the CIR construction and beam domain transformation module is used for establishing a geometric domain CIR system model representing an MIMO channel, and performing beam domain conversion through a unitary matrix to obtain a beam domain CIR system model, wherein the beam domain CIR system model adopts a single-hop and double-hop propagation composite mechanism, and a scattering environment between a transmitter and a receiver corresponding to the beam domain CIR system model is modeled into a single-hop cluster and a double-hop cluster;
the single-hop cluster and double-hop cluster modeling module is used for carrying out 3D modeling on parameters of the single-hop cluster and the double-hop cluster in the S1 based on rich scattering characteristics of a millimeter wave channel to obtain a 3D model in which the single-hop cluster and the double-hop cluster exist in a composite mode, wherein the 3D modeling comprises the geometric distribution, the angle, the delay and the power of the single-hop cluster and the geometric distribution, the angle, the delay, the power and the virtual absolute delay of the double-hop cluster;
and the visual area modeling module is used for carrying out visual area modeling on the single-hop clusters and the double-hop clusters on the planar antenna array by adopting a visual area theory, and generating the positions and the lengths of the visual areas of the single-hop clusters and the double-hop clusters in the horizontal and vertical directions so as to represent the channel non-stationarity.
The millimeter wave MIMO based beam domain modeling system of this embodiment is used to implement the foregoing millimeter wave MIMO based beam domain modeling method, and therefore, the specific implementation of this system can be seen in the foregoing part of the millimeter wave MIMO based beam domain modeling method, and therefore, the specific implementation thereof may refer to the description of the corresponding partial embodiments, and will not be described here again.
In addition, since the millimeter wave MIMO based beam domain modeling system of this embodiment is used to implement the foregoing millimeter wave MIMO based beam domain modeling method, the role thereof corresponds to that of the foregoing method, and details are not repeated here.
As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, embodiments of the present application may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present application may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present application may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and so forth) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The present application is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the application. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Various other modifications and alterations will occur to those skilled in the art upon reading the foregoing description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications derived therefrom are intended to be within the scope of the invention.

Claims (10)

1. A wave beam domain modeling method based on millimeter wave MIMO is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, establishing a geometric domain CIR system model representing an MIMO channel, and performing beam domain conversion through a unitary matrix to obtain a beam domain CIR system model, wherein the beam domain CIR system model adopts a single-hop and double-hop propagation composite mechanism, and a scattering environment between a transmitter and a receiver corresponding to the beam domain CIR system model is modeled into a single-hop cluster and a double-hop cluster;
s2, performing 3D modeling on parameters of the single-hop clusters and the double-hop clusters in the S1 based on rich scattering characteristics of a millimeter wave channel to obtain a 3D model in which the single-hop clusters and the double-hop clusters are combined, wherein the 3D modeling comprises geometric distribution, angles, time delay and power of the single-hop clusters and the double-hop clusters;
and S3, performing visual area modeling on the single-hop clusters and the double-hop clusters on the planar antenna array by adopting a visual area theory, and generating the positions and the lengths of the visual areas of the single-hop clusters and the double-hop clusters in the horizontal and vertical directions so as to represent channel non-stationarity.
2. The millimeter wave MIMO-based beam domain modeling method of claim 1, wherein the single-hop cluster and the double-hop cluster in S1 are represented as: the single-hop cluster represents a virtual link from a transmitting end to the single-hop cluster and then to a receiving end; a pair of dual hop clusters represents a first bounce from a transmitter to a first reflecting cluster and a virtual link consisting of a last bounce from the last reflecting cluster to a receiver and multiple bounces between the first and last bounces.
3. The millimeter wave MIMO based beam domain modeling method according to claim 1, wherein the method for establishing a geometrical domain CIR system model characterizing the MIMO channel in S1, and performing beam domain transformation by using a unitary matrix to obtain the beam domain CIR system model comprises:
s1.1, establishing a geometric domain CIR system model as follows:
Figure FDA0003841021960000011
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure FDA0003841021960000012
Figure FDA0003841021960000013
Figure FDA0003841021960000014
in the formula, h i,j (tau) represents impulse response between the ith row and the jth column of the transmitting end and the receiving end, SBC represents a single-hop cluster, DBC represents a double-hop cluster, loS represents a sight line part, and K represents a line of sight part R Denotes the Rice factor, P k Representing the normalized total power, η, of the kth path between the transmitting end and the receiving end SBC And η DBC The scattering power ratios of the single-hop clusters and the double-hop clusters are respectively,
Figure FDA0003841021960000015
representing an impulse response between a transmitting end and a receiving end, wherein
Figure FDA0003841021960000016
Figure FDA0003841021960000017
And is
Figure FDA0003841021960000018
In the formula (d) h And d v Respectively representing the spacing in azimuth and elevation of adjacent antennas in a uniform planar antenna array,
Figure FDA0003841021960000021
and
Figure FDA0003841021960000022
respectively representing azimuth angles of a base station side and a user side of a kth path;
Figure FDA0003841021960000023
and
Figure FDA0003841021960000024
respectively representing the elevation angles of the base station side and the user side of the k-th path; upsilon is k Denotes the Doppler shift, wherein f k = v/λ, λ represents a wavelength, and v and α represent a moving speed and a moving azimuth angle of the user side, respectively; f. of c Representing the carrier frequency, τ k Denotes the propagation delay of the k-th path, phi k Representing the phase shift of the kth path;
s1.2, notes
Figure FDA0003841021960000025
In (1)
Figure FDA0003841021960000026
The response matrix of the uniform planar antenna array is written as:
Figure FDA0003841021960000027
s1.3, introducing transformation matrix
Figure FDA0003841021960000028
Performing beam domain switching to obtain:
Figure FDA0003841021960000029
wherein:
Figure FDA00038410219600000210
Figure FDA00038410219600000211
in the formula I s And I e Antennas respectively visible on a uniform planar arrayA start index and an end index.
4. The millimeter wave MIMO-based beam domain modeling method of claim 1, wherein the 3D modeling of parameters of single/double hop clusters in S2 comprises:
s2.1, modeling the geometric distribution of the single/double-hop clusters based on the distance from the single/double-hop clusters to the transmitting end and the receiving end and obeying exponential distribution;
s2.2, modeling the geometric distribution of the single/double jump clusters based on the von Misses distribution of the azimuth angle and the cosine distribution of the elevation angle of the single/double jump clusters;
s2.3, obtaining distance vectors of the single/double hop clusters at the transmitter and the receiver sides according to the angle parameters of the single/double hop clusters, and modeling the delay, the frequency shift and the phase shift of the single/double hop clusters based on the distance vectors;
and S2.4, modeling the power of the single/double-hop cluster according to the delay obtained in the S2.3.
5. The millimeter wave MIMO based beam domain modeling method of claim 4, wherein the S2.1 method comprises: the distances from the single/double hop clusters to the transmitting end and the receiving end are subjected to exponential distribution
Figure FDA0003841021960000031
Obtain the geometric distribution of single/double jumping clusters as
Figure FDA0003841021960000032
Wherein k is d A distance parameter representing an exponential distribution.
6. The millimeter wave MIMO based beam domain modeling method of claim 4, wherein the S2.2 method comprises: azimuth angle of single/double jump cluster
Figure FDA0003841021960000033
Obeying von mises distribution, elevation
Figure FDA0003841021960000034
A cosine distribution is obeyed in which, among other things,
Figure FDA0003841021960000035
respectively representing azimuth and elevation angles between the single/double hop clusters and the center of the transmit antenna array,
Figure FDA0003841021960000036
respectively, the azimuth and elevation angles between the single/double hop clusters and the center of the receive antenna array.
7. The millimeter wave MIMO based beam domain modeling method of claim 4, wherein the S2.3 method comprises:
obtaining the distance vector from the single/double hop clusters to the center of the transmitter and receiver array according to the angle parameter
Figure FDA0003841021960000037
Figure FDA0003841021960000038
Where D represents the initial position vector of the receiver,
Figure FDA0003841021960000039
respectively representing compliance with exponential distribution
Figure FDA00038410219600000310
And
Figure FDA00038410219600000311
the Frobenius norm of (a);
the doppler shift and phase shift of the LoS component are:
Figure FDA00038410219600000312
Figure FDA00038410219600000313
distance of LoS path component
Figure FDA00038410219600000314
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure FDA00038410219600000315
represent
Figure FDA00038410219600000316
And
Figure FDA00038410219600000317
the LoS distance vector between the two (x) and (y),
Figure FDA00038410219600000318
an antenna p at the transmitting end is indicated,
Figure FDA00038410219600000319
an antenna q at the receiving end is represented,
Figure FDA00038410219600000320
are respectively
Figure FDA00038410219600000321
And
Figure FDA00038410219600000322
is determined by the 3D position vector of (a),
Figure FDA00038410219600000323
and
Figure FDA00038410219600000324
respectively representing the maximum Doppler shift, v, of the transmitting and receiving antennas T And v R Are respectively the relative velocity vectors of the transmitting end and the receiving end, phi 0 For the initial phase, λ is the wavelength,<·，·>representing an inner product operation;
the doppler shift and phase shift of the SBC component are:
Figure FDA00038410219600000325
Figure FDA00038410219600000326
distance of SBC path component therein
Figure FDA00038410219600000327
Figure FDA0003841021960000041
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure FDA0003841021960000042
and
Figure FDA0003841021960000043
are respectively
Figure FDA0003841021960000044
The s-th single-hop cluster,
Figure FDA0003841021960000045
A distance vector between the cluster and the s-th single hop cluster;
the doppler shift and phase shift of the DBC component are respectively:
Figure FDA0003841021960000046
Figure FDA0003841021960000047
wherein the distance of the DBC path component
Figure FDA0003841021960000048
Figure FDA0003841021960000049
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure FDA00038410219600000410
and
Figure FDA00038410219600000411
respectively represent
Figure FDA00038410219600000412
And the m-th double-jumping cluster,
Figure FDA00038410219600000413
The distance vector from the nth double-hop cluster,
Figure FDA00038410219600000414
denotes a virtual delay, D denotes a transmitting/receiving end distance, tau max Represents the maximum time delay and c represents the speed of light.
8. The millimeter wave MIMO based beam domain modeling method of claim 4, wherein the S2.4 method comprises: the average power of the single/double hop clusters on the kth path is:
Figure FDA00038410219600000415
wherein the virtual delay of the k path
Figure FDA00038410219600000423
r τ Denotes the ratio of delays, σ τ Denotes a randomly generated delay spread factor, u n Representing random variables, i.e. u, subject to uniform distribution n ～U(0,1)，Z n Obeying a Gaussian distribution, Z n ～N(0,σ k )，σ k The standard deviation of the shading for single/double hop clusters is indicated.
9. The millimeter wave MIMO-based beam domain modeling method of claim 1, wherein the S3 method comprises: visual area modeling is carried out on the planar antenna array, and the visual area positions of the single/double jump clusters in the horizontal and vertical directions are generated:
Figure FDA00038410219600000416
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure FDA00038410219600000417
and
Figure FDA00038410219600000418
the antenna array start index and end index in the horizontal direction of the visible area, respectively, of the cluster, are subject to a uniform distribution, i.e.
Figure FDA00038410219600000419
Figure FDA00038410219600000420
And
Figure FDA00038410219600000421
the antenna array start index and end index in the vertical direction of the visible area of the cluster respectively, and are subject to uniform distribution
Figure FDA00038410219600000422
d h And d v Indicating the spacing of the UPA adjacent antennas in azimuth and elevation, respectively.
10. A millimeter wave MIMO based beam domain modeling system, comprising:
the CIR construction and beam domain transformation module is used for establishing a geometric domain CIR system model representing an MIMO channel and performing beam domain conversion through a unitary matrix to obtain a beam domain CIR system model, wherein the beam domain CIR system model adopts a single-hop and double-hop propagation composite mechanism, and a scattering environment between a transmitter and a receiver corresponding to the beam domain CIR system model is modeled into a single-hop cluster and a double-hop cluster;
the single-hop cluster and double-hop cluster modeling module is used for carrying out 3D modeling on parameters of the single-hop cluster and the double-hop cluster in S1 based on rich scattering characteristics of a millimeter wave channel to obtain a 3D model in which the single-hop cluster and the double-hop cluster exist in a composite mode, wherein the 3D modeling comprises the geometric distribution, the angle, the delay and the power of the single-hop cluster and the geometric distribution, the angle, the delay, the power and the virtual absolute delay of the double-hop cluster;
and the visual area modeling module is used for carrying out visual area modeling on the single-hop clusters and the double-hop clusters on the planar antenna array by adopting a visual area theory and generating the positions and the lengths of the visual areas of the single-hop clusters and the double-hop clusters in the horizontal and vertical directions so as to represent the channel non-stationarity.
CN202211102161.2A 2022-09-09 2022-09-09 Millimeter wave MIMO beam domain channel modeling method and system Pending CN115801156A (en)

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