CN115796906A - Software cost estimation system - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a software cost estimation system and a method, wherein a software case database is established, and a software project to be estimated is decomposed into a plurality of demand points or function points one by one according to an estimation method; matching the keywords in the demand points or the function points with the demands or the functions in the software case database one by one, and calculating the matching rate; selecting the first n matching rates from high to low to carry out normalization processing, and obtaining weights; weighted average is carried out on the required cost or the function cost corresponding to the first n matching rates, and the weighted average is the estimated cost of the required points or the function points; and finally summarizing the estimated cost of the demand points or the function points one by one to obtain the cost of the software to be estimated. The invention has the advantages that the design of the software cost case database is realized, the software cost estimation is carried out based on the reference data of the software cost case database, meanwhile, the demand estimation and the function point estimation are supported, and the reliability of the software cost estimation is greatly improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of software development, in particular to a software cost estimation system.
Background
Early in a software project, requirements were often known, but no code was implemented, but the software workload was estimated in order to make project decisions, investment decisions, and the like. The current software cost estimation comprises a class comparison method, an expert experience method and a function point analysis method. However, simple rule-based methods, expert experience methods, lack quantitative support, and the estimation process cannot be replicated. The function point analysis method has no uniform standard, so that subjectivity is too strong when different personnel estimate the cost of the same software system, and the reliability of the obtained cost result is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a software cost estimation system.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the software cost estimation system comprises a software case database, a project information collection and processing module and a software cost estimation module;
the software case database comprises a historical project information base, a historical system reference base, a historical function reference base and a historical demand reference base, and is used for storing the total data of the cost, the function and the demand of the historical project and forming a relation mapping table between the project and the system, the function and the demand;
the project information collecting and processing module is used for collecting the project information of the software to be estimated and decomposing the project information into a plurality of corresponding demand points or function points according to an estimation method;
the software cost estimation module matches a historical case in the software case database for the software project to be estimated according to the key words in the demand points or the function points, and determines the cost of the software to be estimated according to the historical case information and the estimation method.
Further, the historical project information base comprises project names, industries, construction time, project construction contents, system names, project functions or requirements, project workload and project cost; the historical system reference library, the historical function reference library and the historical demand reference library are formed by project data which are reviewed or repeated in a historical project information library;
the historical system reference library comprises the system name, the system construction content, the system function or requirement, the system workload, the system cost and the project to which the system belongs;
the historical function reference library comprises function names, function construction contents, function workload, function manufacturing cost, function affiliated systems and function affiliated projects;
the historical demand benchmark base comprises demand names, demand construction contents, demand workload, demand construction cost, a demand affiliated system and demand affiliated projects.
Further, the estimation method comprises a demand point estimation method and a function point estimation method.
Further, the demand point estimation method matches the keywords in the demand points with the demands in the historical demand reference library and calculates the matching rate, and selects the first n matching rates from high to low to perform normalization processing to obtain the weight; and weighted averaging the required construction cost corresponding to the first n matching rates to obtain the estimated construction cost of the required point.
Further, the function point estimation method matches the keywords in the function points with the functions in the historical function reference library and calculates the matching rate, and selects the first n matching rates from high to low to perform normalization processing to obtain the weight; and weighting and averaging the function construction cost corresponding to the first n matching rates to obtain the estimated construction cost of the function point.
Further, the cost of the software to be estimated is a summary of estimated costs of a plurality of demand points or function points.
The software cost estimation method comprises the following steps:
s1, constructing a software case database;
s2, collecting the information of the software project to be estimated, and selecting an estimation method;
s3, decomposing the software project to be estimated into a plurality of demand points or function points one by one according to the estimation method;
s4, matching the keywords in the demand points or the function points with the demands or the functions in the software case database one by one, and calculating the matching rate;
s5, selecting the first n matching rates from high to low to carry out normalization processing to obtain weights;
s6, weighted average is carried out on the demand cost or the function cost corresponding to the first n matching rates, and the weighted average is the estimated cost of the demand points or the function points;
and S7, summarizing the estimation cost of the demand points or the function points one by one to obtain the cost of the software to be estimated.
The invention has the advantages that the design of the software cost case database, the software cost estimation is carried out based on the reference data of the software cost case database, meanwhile, the demand estimation and the function point estimation are supported, and the reliability of the software cost estimation is greatly improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of the system of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in FIG. 1, the software cost estimation system of the present invention includes a software case database, a project information collecting and processing module, and a software cost estimation module;
the software case database comprises a historical project information base, a historical system reference base, a historical function reference base and a historical demand reference base, and is used for storing the total data of the historical project cost, the functions and the demands and forming a relation mapping table among the projects, the systems, the functions and the demands. The historical project information base comprises project names, affiliated industries, construction time, project construction contents, system names, project functions or requirements, project workload and project cost;
the historical system reference library, the historical function reference library and the historical demand reference library are formed by reviewed or repeated project data in a historical project information library;
the historical system reference library comprises the system name, the system construction content, the system function or requirement, the system workload, the system cost and the project to which the system belongs;
the historical function reference library comprises function names, function construction contents, function workload, function manufacturing cost, function affiliated systems and function affiliated projects;
the historical demand benchmark base comprises demand names, demand construction contents, demand workload, demand construction cost, a demand affiliated system and demand affiliated projects.
That is, a historical item information base is extracted and screened out a historical system reference base, a historical function reference base and a historical demand reference base, one item may relate to a plurality of systems, and one system may relate to a plurality of functions; one function is attributed to one system; a project may involve multiple requirements, a requirement may involve multiple systems or functions, and a system may involve multiple requirements; the relation between the project and the system and the function is 1-to-many, and the relation between the requirement and the system and the function is many-to-many. Therefore, a relation mapping table between requirement-system and requirement-function is established.
The construction of the software cost case database prepares a data base for software cost estimation. Combining the software cost case database, wherein the project information collecting and processing module is used for collecting the project information of the software to be estimated and decomposing the project information into a plurality of corresponding demand points or function points according to the estimation method;
specifically, software project information to be estimated is integrally input, and whether the software project information belongs to demand estimation or function point estimation is selected; according to the estimation requirement, only the relevant information input of the specific demand point or function point needing to be estimated can be selected.
After receiving input information, the system preprocesses the software project information to be estimated, correspondingly decomposes the project information into a plurality of item-by-item demand points or function points according to a selected estimation method (namely a demand estimation method or a function point estimation method), and then calculates the manufacturing cost one by one according to the demand points or the function points.
And the software cost estimation module matches the historical cases in the software case database for the software items to be estimated according to the key words in the demand points or the function points, and determines the cost of the software to be estimated according to the historical case information and the estimation method.
The method comprises the following steps that a demand point estimation algorithm matches keywords in demand points with demands in a historical demand benchmark base and calculates matching rates, and the first n matching rates are selected from high to low to be normalized to obtain weights; and weighting and averaging the required construction costs corresponding to the first n matching rates, namely obtaining the estimated construction cost of the required point.
The function point estimation method matches and calculates the matching rate according to the keywords in the function points and the functions in the historical function reference library, and selects the first n matching rates from high to low to carry out normalization processing to obtain the weight; and weighting and averaging the function construction cost corresponding to the first n matching rates to obtain the estimated construction cost of the function point.
Specifically, when the demand point estimation method is selected, for the tth demand point of the software item to be estimated, according to the keyword in the tth demand point, the demand matched with the tth demand point is searched in the historical demand reference library. If N matched requirements are inquired, respectively calculating the matching degree of the N matched requirements and the t-th requirement point, and marking as p i And representing the matching degree of the ith matched demand and the tth demand point. From top to bottom, the first n matching degrees are selected for the next calculation.
Namely, the first n matching degrees of the t-th demand point are normalized to obtain the weight a i The calculation formula is as follows:
estimated cost Y of the t-th demand point t The required cost X corresponding to the requirements of the first n matching degrees i And (4) weighted average. Is formulated as follows:
finally, the estimated cost of all the demand points is summed up to obtain the cost of the software to be estimated.
When the function point estimation method is selected, for the t-th function point of the software item to be estimated, according to the key word in the t-th function point, searching the function matched with the t-th function point in the historical function reference library. If N matched functions are inquired, the matching degree of the N matched functions and the t-th function point is respectively calculated and is marked as p i And representing the matching degree of the ith matched function and the tth function point. From top to bottom, the first n matching degrees are selected for further calculation.
Namely, the first n matching degrees of the t functional point are normalized to obtain the weight a i The calculation formula is as follows:
estimated cost Y of the t-th function point t Function cost X of corresponding function for first n matching degrees i And (4) weighted average. Is formulated as follows:
finally, the estimated cost of all the function points is summarized and added to obtain the cost of the software to be estimated.
As shown in fig. 2, the software cost estimation method of the present invention includes the following steps:
s1, constructing a software case database;
the software case database comprises a historical project information base, a historical system reference base, a historical function reference base and a historical demand reference base, and is used for storing the total data of the cost, the function and the demand of the historical project and forming a relation mapping table between the project and the system, the function and the demand; the historical project information base comprises project names, affiliated industries, construction time, project construction contents, system names, project functions or requirements, project workload and project cost;
the historical system reference library, the historical function reference library and the historical demand reference library are formed by reviewed or repeated project data in the historical project information library;
the historical system reference library comprises the system name, the system construction content, the system function or requirement, the system workload, the system cost and the project to which the system belongs;
the historical function reference library comprises function names, function construction contents, function workload, function manufacturing cost, function affiliated systems and function affiliated projects;
the historical demand benchmark base comprises demand names, demand construction contents, demand workload, demand construction cost, a demand affiliated system and demand affiliated projects.
That is, a historical item information base is extracted and screened out a historical system reference base, a historical function reference base and a historical demand reference base, one item may relate to a plurality of systems, and one system may relate to a plurality of functions; one function is attributed to one system; a project may involve multiple requirements, a requirement may involve multiple systems or functions, and a system may involve multiple requirements; the relation between the project and the system and the function is 1-to-many, and the relation between the requirement and the system and the function is many-to-many. Therefore, a relation mapping table between requirement-system and requirement-function is established.
The construction of the software cost case database prepares a data reference for software cost estimation.
S2, collecting the information of the software project to be estimated, and selecting an estimation method; specifically, software project information to be estimated is integrally input, and whether the software project information belongs to demand estimation or function point estimation is selected; according to the estimation requirement, only the relevant information input of the specific demand point or function point needing to be estimated can be selected.
S3, decomposing the software project to be estimated into a plurality of demand points or function points one by one according to the estimation method;
s4, matching the keywords in the demand points or the function points with the demands or the functions in the software case database one by one, and calculating the matching rate;
s5, selecting the first n matching rates from high to low to carry out normalization processing to obtain weights;
s6, weighted average is carried out on the demand cost or the function cost corresponding to the first n matching rates, and the weighted average is the estimated cost of the demand points or the function points;
specifically, when the demand point estimation method is selected, for the tth demand point of the software item to be estimated, according to the keyword in the tth demand point, the demand matched with the tth demand point is searched in the historical demand reference library. And if N matched requirements are inquired, respectively calculating the matching degree of the N matched requirements and the t-th requirement point. From top to bottom, the first n matching degrees are selected for normalization processing, after the weights are obtained, the required construction costs corresponding to the first n matching degrees are weighted and averaged, and the estimated construction cost of the required points is obtained
When the function point estimation method is selected, for the t-th function point of the software item to be estimated, according to the key word in the t-th function point, searching the function matched with the t-th function point in the historical function reference library. If N matched functions are searched, the matching degrees of the N matched functions and the t-th function point are respectively calculated. From top to bottom, the first n matching degrees are selected for normalization processing, after the weight is obtained, the function cost corresponding to the first n matching degrees is weighted and averaged to obtain the estimated cost of the function point
And S7, summarizing the estimation cost of the demand points or the function points one by one to obtain the cost of the software to be estimated.
Claims (7)
1. A software cost estimation system, characterized by: the system comprises a software case database, a project information collecting and processing module and a software cost estimation module;
the software case database comprises a historical project information base, a historical system reference base, a historical function reference base and a historical demand reference base, and is used for storing the total data of the cost, the function and the demand of the historical project and forming a relation mapping table between the project and the system, the function and the demand;
the project information collecting and processing module is used for collecting the project information of the software to be estimated and decomposing the project information into a plurality of corresponding demand points or function points according to an estimation method;
the software cost estimation module matches the historical cases in the software case database for the software items to be estimated according to the keywords in the demand points or the function points, and determines the cost of the software to be estimated according to the historical case information and the estimation method.
2. The software cost estimation system of claim 1, wherein: the historical project information base comprises project names, affiliated industries, construction time, project construction contents, system names, project functions or requirements, project workload and project cost; the historical system reference library, the historical function reference library and the historical demand reference library are formed by project data which are reviewed or repeated in a historical project information library;
the historical system reference library comprises the system name, the system construction content, the system function or requirement, the system workload, the system cost and the project to which the system belongs;
the historical function reference library comprises function names, function construction contents, function workload, function manufacturing cost, function affiliated systems and function affiliated projects;
the historical demand benchmark base comprises demand names, demand construction contents, demand workload, demand construction cost, a demand affiliated system and demand affiliated projects.
3. The software cost estimation system of claim 1, wherein: the estimation method comprises a demand point estimation method and a function point estimation method.
4. The software cost estimation system of claim 3, wherein: the demand point estimation method matches the keywords in the demand points with the demands in the historical demand reference library and calculates the matching rate, and the first n matching rates are selected from high to low to carry out normalization processing to obtain the weight; and weighted averaging the required construction cost corresponding to the first n matching rates to obtain the estimated construction cost of the required point.
5. The software cost estimation system of claim 3, wherein: the function point estimation method is used for matching and calculating the matching rate according to the keywords in the function points and the functions in the historical function reference library, and performing normalization processing on the first n matching rates from high to low to obtain the weight; and weighting and averaging the function cost corresponding to the first n matching rates to obtain the estimated cost of the function point.
6. The software cost estimation system of claim 1, wherein: the cost of the software to be estimated is the sum of the estimated cost of a plurality of demand points or function points.
7. A software cost estimation method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, constructing a software case database;
s2, collecting the information of the software project to be estimated, and selecting an estimation method;
s3, decomposing the software project to be estimated into a plurality of demand points or function points one by one according to the estimation method;
s4, matching the keywords in the demand points or the function points with the demands or the functions in the software case database one by one, and calculating the matching rate;
s5, selecting the first n matching rates from high to low to carry out normalization processing to obtain weights;
s6, weighted averaging the required cost or the function cost corresponding to the first n matching rates, namely the estimated cost of the required points or the function points;
and S7, summarizing the estimation cost of the demand points or the function points one by one to obtain the cost of the software to be estimated.
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