CN115788286A - Coal rock body pressure relief type oval drilling guide slotting pressure relief method - Google Patents

Coal rock body pressure relief type oval drilling guide slotting pressure relief method Download PDF

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CN115788286A
CN115788286A CN202211623408.5A CN202211623408A CN115788286A CN 115788286 A CN115788286 A CN 115788286A CN 202211623408 A CN202211623408 A CN 202211623408A CN 115788286 A CN115788286 A CN 115788286A
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pressure relief
drill
hole
auxiliary
drilling
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CN115788286B (en
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乔伟
程香港
贺虎
刘梦楠
孟祥胜
谢俊霞
任洋洋
黄荣杰
蔡进
汪祯
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China University of Mining and Technology CUMT
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Abstract

The invention discloses a coal rock pressure relief similar elliptical drilling guiding grooving pressure relief method, which utilizes a main drill bit to cooperate with auxiliary drill bits capable of extending towards two sides to construct a similar elliptical hole in the drilling process, can accurately and effectively centralize the drilling construction direction, ensures that the drilling construction is straight, effectively follows the pressure relief design, and enables stress to be effectively released and transferred along a similar water caltrop through constructing the similar elliptical drilling so as to achieve the purpose of effectively relieving pressure; the guide grooving is carried out in the similar-ellipse pressure relief holes, the pressure relief effect of the traditional similar-ellipse pressure relief holes is effectively enhanced, so that stress can be released according to the guide grooves, in addition, a good channel is provided for hydraulic fracturing and blasting pressure relief, the fracturing direction and the blasting range are optimized, the purposes of permeability increasing and pressure relief are achieved, the requirements of green, safe and efficient production of mines and rock burst prevention are fully met.

Description

Coal rock body pressure relief type oval drilling guide slotting pressure relief method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of coal mine safety mining, in particular to a coal rock pressure relief type oval drilling guide slotting pressure relief method.
Background
The large-diameter drilling pressure relief of the coal rock mass is the most common coal rock mass stress pressure relief method, and other pressure relief methods can perform blasting and hydraulic fracturing after the large-diameter drilling pressure relief of the coal rock mass, so that the effect of enhancing pressure relief is achieved. A large amount of engineering practices in the early stage prove that the stress concentration of the coal rock mass can be effectively reduced by the pressure relief of the large-diameter drill hole of the coal rock mass, but the pressure relief of the large-diameter drill hole of the coal rock mass still has many troublesome problems due to the complexity of underground geological conditions:
(1) during construction, because the stratum is not homogeneous, if meet when wearing the layer, the drill bit often deflects to the one deck of relative weakness for major diameter drilling hole is oblique, and the orbit can't be discerned, can't accurately be under construction according to the release design, can't reach the purpose of effective release pressure.
(2) Because the deformation resistance of the circular drill hole is stronger, when the pressure relief drill hole is constructed densely, the disturbance to the surrounding rock mass is large, the surrounding rock mass of the drill hole bears larger pressure when the pressure comes in for a period, and the circular drill hole is not deformed or has small deformation, so that the aim of effectively relieving the pressure cannot be achieved.
(3) When the pressure relief is enhanced by drilling holes, the influence range of blasting and hydraulic fracturing is small and the pressure relief effect is not obvious because the drilling holes are distributed in a circular shape. Such as: hydraulic fracturing requires a large fracture pressure; the top plate blasting can not effectively connect to achieve the purpose of top cutting, and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical defects, the invention aims to provide a coal and rock mass pressure relief type elliptical drilling guide slotting pressure relief method which can accurately and effectively straighten the drilling construction direction, ensure that the drilling construction is straight, effectively follow the pressure relief design, and effectively release and transfer the stress along a quasi-diamond corner (a dominant fracture part) through constructing the quasi-elliptical drilling so as to achieve the purpose of effectively relieving the pressure; the guide grooving is carried out in the similar-ellipse pressure relief holes, the pressure relief effect of the traditional similar-ellipse pressure relief holes is effectively enhanced, so that stress can be released according to the guide grooves, in addition, a good channel is provided for hydraulic fracturing and blasting pressure relief, the fracturing direction and the blasting range are optimized, the purposes of permeability increasing and pressure relief are achieved, the requirements of green, safe and efficient production of mines and rock burst prevention are fully met.
According to the theory of elasticity mechanics, when a stressed rock body is holed, the hole edge stress is far larger than the stress distribution when no hole exists and far larger than the stress at a position far away from the hole, namely, the stress of the rock body is redistributed to achieve the effect of pressure relief due to the hole opening of the stressed rock body, and in addition, the stress at the edge of the small hole is concentrated.
According to the theory of elasticity, in order to transform the area of the middle plane of the thin plate on the z plane into the central unit on the zeta plane, the transformation formula is known by the complex function:
Figure BDA0004002981770000021
where R and m are both real numbers, as follows:
Figure BDA0004002981770000022
Figure BDA0004002981770000023
when solving the stress of a point away from the edge of the elliptical hole, the point is always in a polar coordinate system (r, theta) taking the end point of the ellipse as the origin, and the geometrical relationship is as follows:
z=a+rcosθ+irsinθ
y=rsinθ
according to the theory of elastic mechanics, a stress expression expressed in polar coordinates can be obtained, so that the expression is simplified as follows:
Figure BDA0004002981770000024
Figure BDA0004002981770000025
Figure BDA0004002981770000026
f is the force of the geological body acting around the hole, σ x Is a positive stress, σ, in the X direction y Is a positive stress in the y direction, tau xy Is xy direction shear stress;
from the above formula, the stress of the oval hole edge has a significant relationship with the curvature of the hole edge, and the stress gradually increases with the increase of the curvature. Namely, the stress is concentrated near the end point of the long shaft of the ellipse, and the stress value is higher than that of the end point of the short shaft.
When the long axis and the short axis are equal to each other, the stress concentration degree of the hole edge of the round hole is relatively low, the deformation resistance is stronger,
assuming that the maximum principal stress of the hole edge of the conventional coal rock pressure relief circular hole is sigma, the stress concentration coefficient of the end part of the long shaft caused by the similar oval drilling construction is upsilon, and the maximum principal stress of the end part of the long shaft of the similar oval drilling is as follows:
σ′=(1+υ)σ
from the theory of strength, it is known that when the maximum principal stress in the rock mass reaches or exceeds the uniaxial compressive strength of the rock mass, the rock mass will fracture.
Therefore, compared with the conventional circular pressure relief drilling hole, when the coal rock mass is subjected to pressure relief, the end part of the long axis of the quasi-ellipse is more easily cracked, so that the stress concentration of the coal rock mass is more effectively relieved, and the purpose of pressure relief is achieved.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a coal and rock mass pressure relief similar oval drilling guide slotting pressure relief method, which comprises the following steps of:
s1, designing a working face pressure relief scheme, and determining the aperture, the hole depth, the distance, the slotting position and the hole sealing length of a working face pressure relief hole;
s2, mounting a drilling device at the end part of the drill rod and constructing and drilling the oval pressure relief hole, wherein the drilling device comprises a main drill bit fixed at the front end of the drill rod, and two auxiliary drill bits capable of contracting and expanding towards the direction of the drill rod are symmetrically arranged on two sides behind the main drill bit;
s3, installing a drilling hole centering device at the tail part of the drill rod, placing the drilling hole centering device at the position of the hole opening of the pressure relief hole, and ensuring that the drill rod is always positioned at the central position of the pressure relief hole;
s4, when the drilling machine drills to the designed depth, the drill rod is stopped to be pushed, the original position is kept to rotate, and the drilling speed is reduced;
s5, adjusting auxiliary drill bits on two sides of the drill rod to extend outwards, and cutting the hole wall by using lateral cutting tools on the edges of the auxiliary drill bits;
s6, as the distance between the auxiliary drill bit and the main drill bit reaches the maximum, the lateral cutting tool on the auxiliary drill bit does not advance any more;
s7, controlling the auxiliary drill bits on the two sides of the drill rod to shrink and recover towards the direction of the drill rod and returning to the initial state;
s8: repeating the steps S4-S7 to continue drilling and pressure relief work until the construction of the pressure relief hole is completed;
and S9, after the pressure relief work is finished, taking down the drilling hole righting device and the drilling device in sequence, and at the moment, finishing the pressure relief work of the coal seam drilling hole.
Preferably, the main drill bit is a mm diamond-impregnated bit, the front surface of the matrix of the main drill bit is provided with a cutting tool and a water gap, the auxiliary drill bit is a mm diamond-impregnated bit, and the front surface and the side surface of the matrix of the auxiliary drill bit are respectively provided with a forward cutting tool and a lateral cutting tool.
Preferably, the drilling device comprises a main gear arranged on a drill rod, and a control box rotationally connected with the main gear is nested beside the drill rod; the auxiliary drill bit is fixed with a rotating shaft of the auxiliary gear, and the main gear drives the auxiliary gear to rotate through a transmission system;
the transmission system comprises a main rod fixed on the control box, one end of the main rod, which is far away from the control box, is hinged with an auxiliary rod and is connected with a return spring, one end of the auxiliary rod, which is far away from the main rod, is rotatably connected with an auxiliary gear, and a chain is connected between the main gear and the auxiliary gear;
a driving motor is arranged at the point of the main rod and the auxiliary rod, the output end of the driving motor fixes a driving rod, and one end of the driving rod, which is far away from the driving motor, is provided with a chain wheel meshed with the chain and tightly props against the chain;
the control box is internally provided with a processor and an explosion-proof battery, the processor is electrically connected with the driving motor and used for controlling whether the control chain wheel tightly pushes the chain or not, the processor is wirelessly connected with external communication equipment, and the processor and the driving motor are electrically connected with the explosion-proof battery.
Preferably, the drilling righting device comprises a cylinder body, a cylinder body bearing is nested on the inner wall of the cylinder body, an inner cylinder body which is coaxially arranged with the cylinder body bearing is arranged in the inner cavity of the cylinder body bearing, the inner cylinder body is composed of a plurality of arc-shaped pressing pieces, and each arc-shaped pressing piece is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the cylinder body bearing through a pressing spring.
Preferably, the transmission system further comprises a protective cover arranged at the periphery of the main gear, the auxiliary gear and the chain and used for protecting the main gear, the auxiliary gear and the chain.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method can accurately and effectively centralize the drilling construction direction, ensure the drilling construction to be straight, and lead the stress to be effectively released and transferred along the water chestnut-like position through constructing the elliptical drilling so as to achieve the purpose of effectively relieving the pressure; the guide grooving is carried out in the similar-ellipse pressure relief holes, the pressure relief effect of the traditional similar-ellipse pressure relief holes is effectively enhanced, so that stress can be released according to the guide grooves, in addition, a good channel is provided for hydraulic fracturing and blasting pressure relief, the fracturing direction and the blasting range are optimized, the purposes of permeability increasing and pressure relief are achieved, the requirements of green, safe and efficient production of mines and rock burst prevention are fully met.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a primary drill bit and a secondary drill bit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view (forward expansion) of a primary drill bit and a secondary drill bit provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating the connection of a primary gear and a secondary gear according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic connection diagram (top view) of a primary gear and a secondary gear provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a borehole centralizer provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a pressure relief hole of a coal seam according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the location of a dominant rupture in an elliptical-like hole provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals:
1. a main drill bit; 2. a secondary drill bit; 3. a pinion gear; 4. an auxiliary rod; 5. a drive motor; 6. a main rod; 7. a control box; 8. a drill stem; 9. a chain; 10. a sprocket; 11. a main gear; 12. a drive rod; 13. a barrel; 14. an inner cylinder; 15. a cylinder block bearing; 16. the spring is compressed.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any creative effort based on the embodiments in the present invention, belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1 to 7, a coal rock body pressure relief similar oval drill hole guiding slotting pressure relief method,
the invention provides a coal and rock mass pressure relief similar oval drilling guide slotting pressure relief method, which comprises the following steps of:
s1, designing a working surface pressure relief scheme, and determining the aperture, the hole depth, the distance, the slotting position and the hole sealing length of a working surface pressure relief hole;
s2, mounting a drilling device at the end part of the drill rod and constructing and drilling the oval pressure relief hole, wherein the drilling device comprises a main drill bit fixed at the front end of the drill rod, and two auxiliary drill bits capable of contracting and expanding towards the direction of the drill rod are symmetrically arranged on two sides behind the main drill bit;
the drilling device comprises a main gear 11 arranged on a drill rod, and a control box 7 rotationally connected with the drill rod is nested beside the main gear 11; the auxiliary drill bit 2 is fixed with a rotating shaft of the auxiliary gear 3, and the main gear 11 drives the auxiliary gear 3 to rotate through a transmission system;
the transmission system comprises a main rod 6 fixed on a control box 7, one end of the main rod 6, far away from the control box 7, is hinged with an auxiliary rod 4 and is connected with a return spring, one end of the auxiliary rod 4, far away from the main rod 6, is rotatably connected with an auxiliary gear 3, and a chain 9 is connected between a main gear 11 and the auxiliary gear 3;
a driving motor 5 is arranged at the point of the main rod 6 and the auxiliary rod 4, the output end of the driving motor 5 is fixed with a driving rod 12, and one end of the driving rod 12 far away from the driving motor 5 is provided with a chain wheel 10 meshed with the chain 9 and tightly props against the chain 9;
a processor and an explosion-proof battery are arranged in the control box 7, the processor is electrically connected with the driving motor 5 and used for controlling whether the chain wheel 10 tightly props the chain 9 or not, the processor is wirelessly connected with external communication equipment, the external communication equipment sends an instruction to control the driving motor 5 to drive the chain wheel 10 to work, and when the driving motor 5 controls the chain wheel 10 to prop up the chain 9, the auxiliary gears 3 and the auxiliary drill bits 2 on the two sides shrink together towards the direction of the drill rod; when the driving motor 5 controls the chain wheel 10 to recover and not jack up the chain 9, under the tension of the return spring, the auxiliary gear 3 and the auxiliary drill bit 2 extend to two sides; the processor and the driving motor 5 are electrically connected with the explosion-proof battery.
The main drill bit selects a 150mm diamond-impregnated drill bit, the front surface of a matrix of the main drill bit is provided with a cutting tool and a water gap, the auxiliary drill bit selects a 100mm diamond-impregnated drill bit, and the front surface and the side surface of the matrix of the auxiliary drill bit are respectively provided with a forward cutting tool and a lateral cutting tool.
S3, installing a drilling hole centering device at the tail of the drill rod, and placing the drilling hole centering device at the hole opening position of the pressure relief hole to ensure that the drill rod is always positioned at the center position of the pressure relief hole;
the drilling righting device comprises a cylinder body, a cylinder body bearing is nested on the inner wall of the cylinder body, an inner cavity of the cylinder body bearing is provided with an inner cylinder body which is coaxially arranged with the cylinder body bearing, the inner cylinder body is composed of a plurality of arc-shaped pressing pieces, and each arc-shaped pressing piece is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the cylinder body bearing through a pressing spring.
The transmission system also comprises a protective cover which is arranged at the periphery of the main gear, the auxiliary gear and the chain and plays a protective role on the main gear, the auxiliary gear and the chain.
S4, when the drilling machine drills to the designed depth, the drilling rod is stopped to be pushed, the original position is kept to rotate, and the drilling speed is reduced;
s5, adjusting auxiliary drill bits on two sides of the drill rod to extend outwards, and cutting towards the hole wall by using lateral cutting tools on the edges of the auxiliary drill bits;
s6, as the distance between the auxiliary drill bit and the main drill bit reaches the maximum, the lateral cutting tool on the auxiliary drill bit does not advance any more;
s7, controlling the auxiliary drill bits on the two sides of the drill rod to shrink and recover towards the direction of the drill rod and returning to the initial state;
s8: repeating the steps S4-S7 to continue drilling and pressure relief work until the construction of the pressure relief hole is completed;
and S9, after the pressure relief work is finished, taking down the drilling hole righting device and the drilling device in sequence, and at the moment, finishing the pressure relief work of the coal seam drilling hole.
Compared with the conventional circular pressure relief drilling hole, when the coal rock mass is subjected to pressure relief, the end part of the long axis of the quasi-ellipse is more easily cracked (the advantage crack is shown in figure 7), so that the stress concentration of the coal rock mass is more effectively relieved, and the purpose of pressure relief is achieved. The method can accurately and effectively centralize the drilling construction direction, ensure the drilling construction to be straight, effectively follow the pressure relief design, and effectively release and transfer the stress along the quasi-water chestnut positions by constructing the quasi-elliptical drilling so as to achieve the purpose of effectively relieving pressure; the guide grooving is carried out in the similar-ellipse pressure relief holes, the pressure relief effect of the traditional similar-ellipse pressure relief holes is effectively enhanced, so that stress can be released according to the guide grooves, in addition, a good channel is provided for hydraulic fracturing and blasting pressure relief, the fracturing direction and the blasting range are optimized, the purposes of permeability increasing and pressure relief are achieved, the requirements of green, safe and efficient production of mines and rock burst prevention are fully met.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.

Claims (5)

1. A coal rock pressure relief similar oval drill hole guiding grooving pressure relief method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, designing a working surface pressure relief scheme, and determining the aperture, the hole depth, the distance, the slotting position and the hole sealing length of a working surface pressure relief hole;
s2, mounting a drilling device at the end part of the drill rod and constructing and drilling the oval pressure relief hole, wherein the drilling device comprises a main drill bit fixed at the front end of the drill rod, and two auxiliary drill bits capable of contracting and expanding towards the direction of the drill rod are symmetrically arranged on two sides behind the main drill bit;
s3, installing a drilling hole centering device at the tail part of the drill rod, placing the drilling hole centering device at the position of the hole opening of the pressure relief hole, and ensuring that the drill rod is always positioned at the central position of the pressure relief hole;
s4, when the drilling machine drills to the designed depth, the drill rod is stopped to be pushed, the original position is kept to rotate, and the drilling speed is reduced;
s5, adjusting auxiliary drill bits on two sides of the drill rod to extend outwards, and cutting towards the hole wall by using lateral cutting tools on the edges of the auxiliary drill bits;
s6, as the distance between the auxiliary drill bit and the main drill bit reaches the maximum, the lateral cutting tool on the auxiliary drill bit does not advance any more;
s7, controlling the auxiliary drill bits on the two sides of the drill rod to shrink and recover towards the direction of the drill rod and returning to the initial state;
s8: repeating the steps S4-S7 to continue drilling and pressure relief work until the construction of the pressure relief hole is completed;
s9, after the pressure relief work is completed, the drilling hole righting device and the drilling device are sequentially taken down, and at the moment, the coal bed drilling hole pressure relief work is completed.
2. The elliptical drill hole guiding grooving pressure relief method for pressure relief of coal and rock mass as claimed in claim 1, wherein the main drill bit is 150mm diamond-impregnated bit, the front face of the casing of the main drill bit is provided with cutting tools and water gap, the auxiliary drill bit is 100mm diamond-impregnated bit, and the front face and the side face of the casing of the auxiliary drill bit are respectively provided with forward cutting tools and lateral cutting tools.
3. The elliptical drill hole guiding grooving pressure relief method for pressure relief of coal and rock masses as claimed in claim 1, wherein the drilling device comprises a main gear arranged on a drill rod, the drill rod is further nested with a control box rotatably connected with the main gear near the main gear; the auxiliary drill bit is fixed with a rotating shaft of the auxiliary gear, and the main gear drives the auxiliary gear to rotate through a transmission system;
the transmission system comprises a main rod fixed on the control box, one end of the main rod, which is far away from the control box, is hinged with an auxiliary rod and is connected with a return spring, one end of the auxiliary rod, which is far away from the main rod, is rotatably connected with an auxiliary gear, and a chain is connected between the main gear and the auxiliary gear;
a driving motor is arranged at the point of the main rod and the auxiliary rod, the output end of the driving motor fixes a driving rod, and one end of the driving rod, which is far away from the driving motor, is provided with a chain wheel meshed with the chain and tightly props against the chain;
be equipped with treater and explosion-proof battery in the control box, treater electric connection driving motor is used for controlling whether tight chain in top of control sprocket, treater and external communication equipment wireless connection, treater, driving motor electric connection explosion-proof battery.
4. The elliptical drill hole guide grooving pressure relief method for coal and rock mass pressure relief as claimed in claim 3, wherein the drill hole centering device comprises a cylinder, a cylinder bearing is nested on the inner wall of the cylinder, an inner cylinder is coaxially arranged in the inner cavity of the cylinder bearing, the inner cylinder is composed of a plurality of arc-shaped pressing pieces, and each arc-shaped pressing piece is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the cylinder bearing through a pressing spring.
5. The elliptical drill hole guiding grooving pressure relief method for coal rock mass pressure relief as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the transmission system also comprises a protective cover arranged at the periphery of the main gear, the auxiliary gear and the chain and used for protecting the main gear, the auxiliary gear and the chain.
CN202211623408.5A 2022-12-16 2022-12-16 Coal rock mass pressure relief quasi-elliptic drilling guide slotting pressure relief method Active CN115788286B (en)

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107023295A (en) * 2017-04-14 2017-08-08 华北科技学院 A kind of hard coal erosion control destressing borehole construction method and equipment
CN107576233A (en) * 2017-09-14 2018-01-12 太原理工大学 A kind of equivalent ellipsoidal hole sets orientation broken rock method
CN110374599A (en) * 2019-07-23 2019-10-25 中国矿业大学 A kind of coal petrography drills the method for forming tunnel erosion control weak structure repeatedly
CN111894608A (en) * 2020-08-06 2020-11-06 中国矿业大学 Rectangular shield machine with Leluo triangular auxiliary cutter head
CN216690974U (en) * 2021-12-23 2022-06-07 山河智能装备股份有限公司 Drill bit

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107023295A (en) * 2017-04-14 2017-08-08 华北科技学院 A kind of hard coal erosion control destressing borehole construction method and equipment
CN107576233A (en) * 2017-09-14 2018-01-12 太原理工大学 A kind of equivalent ellipsoidal hole sets orientation broken rock method
CN110374599A (en) * 2019-07-23 2019-10-25 中国矿业大学 A kind of coal petrography drills the method for forming tunnel erosion control weak structure repeatedly
CN111894608A (en) * 2020-08-06 2020-11-06 中国矿业大学 Rectangular shield machine with Leluo triangular auxiliary cutter head
CN216690974U (en) * 2021-12-23 2022-06-07 山河智能装备股份有限公司 Drill bit

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