CN115784724A - Lanthanum chromate ceramic and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Lanthanum chromate ceramic and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of ceramics. The invention provides a lanthanum chromate ceramic and a preparation method thereof. Ball-milling lanthanum oxide, chromium oxide and absolute ethyl alcohol to obtain ball-milled slurry; performing, molding and roasting the ball-milling slurry and polyvinyl butyral in sequence to obtain a ceramic biscuit; and heating the ceramic biscuit to a first temperature, applying a direct current electric field, continuously heating to a second temperature to carry out flash firing, and carrying out heat preservation sintering at the second temperature to obtain the lanthanum chromate ceramic. The lanthanum chromate ceramic prepared by low-temperature reaction flash firing has a good microstructure, high density, uniform size and small average particle size, the phase transition and densification processes from oxide to perovskite can be completed instantly within a few seconds by the preparation method, the flash firing temperature is low, excessive growth of crystal grains can be inhibited, the aim of preparing the lanthanum chromate ceramic from oxide raw materials at a low temperature in a short time is fulfilled, the synthesis process is simplified, and the preparation energy consumption is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ceramics, in particular to lanthanum chromate ceramic and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The lanthanum chromate is a perovskite type rare earth oxide, and the compact lanthanum chromate ceramic has good conductivity and high-temperature oxidation resistance, so that the lanthanum chromate ceramic has wide application in many fields. For example, the lanthanum chromite ceramic can be used as an electrode material in a magnetofluid generator, a connector of a solid oxide fuel cell, a sensor, a high-temperature heating element, a thermistor and the like, but the densification process of the lanthanum chromite ceramic is difficult because the chromium element volatilizes at high temperature in the preparation process.
The traditional preparation method of the lanthanum chromate ceramic is that oxide powder is calcined to obtain a perovskite structure, and then the perovskite structure is sintered at normal pressure, wherein the sintering temperature of the method is about 1650 ℃, and long-time heat preservation treatment is needed; the low-temperature rapid densification of the lanthanum chromate material can be realized by adopting spark plasma sintering and vacuum hot-pressing sintering processes, but the spark plasma sintering needs to be sintered in the atmosphere of nitrogen and the like and is provided with a graphite mold; the vacuum hot pressing technique also requires a sintering mold, and the required pressure is large. The flash firing technology is characterized in that a direct current electric field is applied to a sample at a certain furnace body temperature, the electric conductivity of the sample is rapidly increased in the sintering process, the actual temperature of the sample is far higher than the ambient temperature due to the thermal-electric coupling effect, the densification process of the sample can be accelerated due to the rapid apparent temperature rise rate, and the ceramic biscuit can be rapidly densified at a low temperature far lower than that of the conventional pressureless sintering. The method adopts the reaction flash firing technology to obtain the lanthanum chromate ceramic, on one hand, the characteristics of the flash firing technology are highlighted, namely, compact ceramic is obtained at low temperature in a short time, and phase transition and densification are combined in the one-step flash firing process, so that the problems of high sintering temperature, difficulty in densification, large particle size and the like in the conventional preparation of the lanthanum chromate ceramic can be solved, the preparation process is simplified, and the energy consumption is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a lanthanum chromate ceramic and a preparation method thereof aiming at the defects of the prior art.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a preparation method of lanthanum chromate ceramic, which comprises the following steps:
1) Ball-milling lanthanum oxide, chromium oxide and absolute ethyl alcohol to obtain ball-milled slurry;
2) Performing, molding and roasting the ball-milling slurry and polyvinyl butyral in sequence to obtain a ceramic biscuit;
3) And heating the ceramic biscuit to a first temperature, applying a direct current electric field, continuously heating to a second temperature to carry out flash firing, and carrying out heat preservation sintering at the second temperature to obtain the lanthanum chromate ceramic.
Preferably, the lanthanum oxide obtained in the step 1) is subjected to water removal treatment; the temperature of the dewatering treatment is 800-1000 ℃, the time is 0.5-1.5 h, and the heating rate of heating to the dewatering treatment temperature is 4-6 ℃/min.
Preferably, the molar ratio of lanthanum oxide to chromium oxide in step 1) is 1:0.5 to 1.5; the mass ratio of the total mass of the lanthanum oxide and the chromium oxide to the absolute ethyl alcohol is 1:1.5 to 2.5.
Preferably, the rotation speed of the ball milling in the step 1) is 450-500 r/min, and the ball milling time is 12-24 h.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the ball milling slurry to the polyvinyl butyral in the step 2) is 1:0.05 to 0.08.
Preferably, the preshaping pressure of the step 2) is 7-9 MPa, and the preshaping time is 25-35 s; the molding pressure is 16-20 MPa, and the molding time is 50-70 s; the roasting temperature is 550-680 ℃, and the roasting time is 0.5-1.5 h.
Preferably, the heating rate of the heating to the first temperature in the step 3) is 4-6 ℃/min, and the first temperature is 180-220 ℃.
Preferably, the intensity of the DC electric field in the step 3) is 70-100V/cm, and the current density of the DC electric field is 20-30A/cm 2 。
Preferably, the second temperature in the step 3) is 300-450 ℃, and the time of heat preservation and sintering is 1-10 s.
The invention also provides the lanthanum chromate ceramic prepared by the preparation method.
The beneficial effects of the invention include the following:
1) The lanthanum chromate ceramic prepared by low-temperature reaction flash firing has a good microstructure, high density, uniform size and small average grain size.
2) The method for preparing the lanthanum chromate ceramic by low-temperature reaction flash firing can instantly finish the phase transition and densification process from the oxide to the perovskite within a few seconds, has low flash firing temperature, can inhibit excessive growth of crystal grains, realizes the aim of preparing the lanthanum chromate ceramic from the oxide raw material at low temperature in a short time, simplifies the synthesis process and reduces the preparation energy consumption.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a scanning electron micrograph of a lanthanum chromate ceramic prepared in example 1;
FIG. 2 is a scanning electron micrograph of the lanthanum chromate ceramic prepared in example 2;
FIG. 3 is a scanning electron micrograph of the lanthanum chromate ceramic prepared in example 4;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between the current density at different electric field intensities and the furnace body temperature during the process of preparing lanthanum chromate ceramic by reactive flash firing;
FIG. 5 shows the effect of the heat-preserving sintering time on the composition of the lanthanum chromate ceramic phase during the preparation of the lanthanum chromate ceramic by the reactive flash sintering technique.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a preparation method of lanthanum chromate ceramic, which comprises the following steps:
1) Performing ball milling on lanthanum oxide, chromium oxide and absolute ethyl alcohol to obtain ball milling slurry;
2) Performing, molding and roasting the ball-milling slurry and polyvinyl butyral in sequence to obtain a ceramic biscuit;
3) And heating the ceramic biscuit to a first temperature, applying a direct current electric field, continuously heating to a second temperature to perform flash firing, and performing heat preservation sintering at the second temperature to obtain the lanthanum chromate ceramic.
In the invention, the lanthanum oxide in the step 1) is preferably lanthanum oxide subjected to water removal treatment; the temperature of the dewatering treatment is preferably 800-1000 ℃, more preferably 850-950 ℃, and more preferably 900 ℃; the time is preferably 0.5 to 1.5h, more preferably 0.8 to 1.2h, and more preferably 1h; the heating rate to the water removal treatment temperature is preferably 4 to 6 ℃/min, more preferably 4.5 to 5.5 ℃/min, and still more preferably 5 ℃/min.
In the present invention, the molar ratio of lanthanum oxide to chromium oxide in step 1) is preferably 1:0.5 to 1.5, more preferably 1:0.8 to 1.2, more preferably 1:1; the mass ratio of the total mass of the lanthanum oxide and the chromium oxide to the absolute ethyl alcohol is preferably 1:1.5 to 2.5, more preferably 1:1.8 to 2.2, more preferably 1:2.
in the invention, the rotation speed of the ball milling in the step 1) is preferably 450-500 r/min, more preferably 460-490 r/min, and even more preferably 470-480 r/min; the time for ball milling is preferably 12 to 24 hours, more preferably 14 to 22 hours, and still more preferably 16 to 20 hours.
In the invention, the mass ratio of the ball milling slurry in the step 2) to the polyvinyl butyral is preferably 1:0.05 to 0.08, more preferably 1: 0.06-0.07.
In the invention, the ball milling slurry in the step 2) is preferably ball milling slurry after drying treatment; the temperature of the drying treatment is preferably 170 to 190 ℃, more preferably 175 to 185 ℃, and still more preferably 180 ℃; the time for the drying treatment is preferably 11 to 13 hours, more preferably 11.5 to 12.5 hours, and still more preferably 12 hours.
In the present invention, the pressure of the preforming in step 2) is preferably 7 to 9MPa, more preferably 7.5 to 8.5MPa, and still more preferably 8MPa; the preforming time is preferably 25 to 35s, more preferably 28 to 32s, and still more preferably 30s; the molding pressure is preferably 16 to 20MPa, more preferably 17 to 19MPa, and still more preferably 18MPa; the molding time is preferably 50 to 70 seconds, more preferably 55 to 65 seconds, and still more preferably 60 seconds; the roasting temperature is preferably 550-680 ℃, more preferably 580-650 ℃, and more preferably 600-630 ℃; the time for the calcination is preferably 0.5 to 1.5 hours, more preferably 0.8 to 1.2 hours, and still more preferably 1 hour.
In the invention, before the preforming in the step 2), the ball milling slurry and the polyvinyl butyral are ground to obtain a mixture; the particle size of the mixture is preferably 1.4-1.7 μm; more preferably 1.5 to 1.6 μm.
In the invention, the roasting in the step 2) is used for removing the polyvinyl butyral.
In the invention, the heating rate of the step 3) to the first temperature is preferably 4-6 ℃/min, more preferably 4.5-5.5 ℃/min, and even more preferably 5 ℃/min; the first temperature is preferably 180 to 220 ℃, more preferably 190 to 210 ℃, and still more preferably 200 ℃.
In the invention, the intensity of the direct current electric field in the step 3) is preferably 70-100V/cm, more preferably 80-90V/cm, and even more preferably 85V/cm; the current density of the DC electric field is preferably 20 to 30A/cm 2 More preferably 22 to 28A/cm 2 More preferably 24 to 26A/cm 2 。
In the invention, the second temperature in the step 3) is preferably 300-450 ℃, more preferably 350-400 ℃, and more preferably 370-380 ℃; the time for the heat-retaining sintering is preferably 1 to 10 seconds, more preferably 3 to 8 seconds, and still more preferably 5 to 6 seconds.
In the invention, the ceramic biscuit in the step 3) is heated to the first temperature, then the direct current electric field is applied, the heating is continued to the second temperature, the flash firing is generated, and the specific operation steps of the heat preservation sintering at the second temperature are preferably as follows:
coating platinum slurry on two sides of a ceramic biscuit as a current collector, connecting the biscuit with a direct current power supply through a platinum wire, and placing the biscuit into a sintering furnace: setting the intensity and current density of a direct current electric field, heating a sintering furnace from room temperature, applying a preset direct current electric field after the temperature is raised to a first temperature, preserving heat and sintering at a flash temperature (a second temperature) when the current is suddenly increased (the sudden temperature is the flash temperature), closing the direct current power supply and the sintering furnace after sintering is finished, and taking out a sample after the sample is cooled.
The invention also provides the lanthanum chromate ceramic prepared by the preparation method.
The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Heating 1mol of lanthanum oxide to 900 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min, removing water at 900 ℃ for 1h, adding 1mol of chromium oxide and absolute ethyl alcohol (the mass ratio of the total mass of the lanthanum oxide and the chromium oxide to the absolute ethyl alcohol is 1; drying the ball milling slurry at 180 ℃ for 12h, mixing with polyvinyl butyral (the mass ratio of the ball milling slurry to the polyvinyl butyral is 1.
Coating platinum slurry on two sides of a ceramic biscuit as a current collector, connecting the biscuit with a direct current power supply through a platinum wire, and placing the biscuit into a sintering furnace: setting the intensity of the direct current electric field to be 70V/cm and the current density of the direct current electric field to be 30A/cm 2 Heating the sintering furnace from room temperature at a heating rate of 5 ℃/min, applying a preset direct current electric field when the temperature is increased to 200 ℃, generating sudden current increase when the temperature of the sintering furnace is 435 ℃, closing a direct current power supply and the sintering furnace after heat preservation and sintering at 435 ℃ for 1s, and taking out a sample after cooling the sample to obtain the lanthanum chromate ceramic.
As can be seen from fig. 1: the lanthanum chromate ceramic prepared by the embodiment has a good microstructure, low porosity, uniform particle size and an average particle size of 1.7 mu m.
Example 2
Heating 1mol of lanthanum oxide to 800 ℃ at a speed of 4 ℃/min, removing water at 800 ℃ for 1.5h, adding 0.5mol of chromium oxide and absolute ethyl alcohol (the mass ratio of the total mass of the lanthanum oxide and the chromium oxide to the absolute ethyl alcohol is 1.5), and then introducing the mixture into a ball mill with a rotation speed of 480r/min for ball milling for 20h to obtain ball milling slurry; drying the ball milling slurry at 170 ℃ for 13h, mixing with polyvinyl butyral (the mass ratio of the ball milling slurry to the polyvinyl butyral is 1.
Coating platinum slurry on two sides of a ceramic biscuit to serve as a current collector, connecting the biscuit with a direct current power supply through a platinum wire, and placing the biscuit in a sintering furnace: setting the intensity of the direct current electric field to be 70V/cm and the current density of the direct current electric field to be 30A/cm 2 Heating the sintering furnace from room temperature at a heating rate of 4 ℃/min, applying a preset direct current electric field when the temperature is increased to 180 ℃, generating sudden current increase when the temperature of the sintering furnace is 425 ℃, closing a direct current power supply and the sintering furnace after the sintering furnace is subjected to heat preservation sintering at 425 ℃ for 5s, and taking out a sample after a sample is cooled to obtain the lanthanum chromate ceramic.
As can be seen from fig. 2: the lanthanum chromate ceramic prepared by the embodiment has a good microstructure, basically achieves a fully-compact structure, is uniform in particle size and has an average particle size of 2.25 mu m.
Example 3
Heating 1mol of lanthanum oxide to 1000 ℃ at the speed of 6 ℃/min, removing water at 1000 ℃ for 0.5h, adding 1.5mol of chromium oxide and absolute ethyl alcohol (the mass ratio of the total mass of the lanthanum oxide and the chromium oxide to the absolute ethyl alcohol is 1; drying the ball milling slurry at 190 ℃ for 11h, mixing with polyvinyl butyral (the mass ratio of the ball milling slurry to the polyvinyl butyral is 1.
Coating platinum slurry on two sides of a ceramic biscuit to serve as a current collector, connecting the biscuit with a direct current power supply through a platinum wire, and placing the biscuit in a sintering furnace: setting the intensity of the direct current electric field to be 85V/cm and the current density of the direct current electric field to be 20A/cm 2 Heating the sintering furnace from room temperature at a heating rate of 6 ℃/min, applying a preset direct current electric field when the temperature is raised to 220 ℃, generating current surge when the temperature of the sintering furnace is 375 ℃, closing a direct current power supply and the sintering furnace after insulating and sintering for 10s at 375 ℃, and taking out a sample after a sample is cooled to obtain the lanthanum chromate ceramic.
Example 4
Heating 1mol of lanthanum oxide to 950 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min, removing water at 950 ℃ for 0.8h, adding 1mol of chromium oxide and absolute ethyl alcohol (the mass ratio of the total mass of the lanthanum oxide and the chromium oxide to the absolute ethyl alcohol is 1: 2), and then introducing the mixture into a ball mill with the rotating speed of 480r/min for ball milling for 16h to obtain ball milling slurry; drying the ball milling slurry at 185 ℃ for 11.5h, mixing the ball milling slurry with polyvinyl butyral (the mass ratio of the ball milling slurry to the polyvinyl butyral is 1.
Coating platinum slurry on two sides of a ceramic biscuit as a current collector, connecting the biscuit with a direct current power supply through a platinum wire, and placing the biscuit into a sintering furnace: setting the intensity of the direct current electric field to be 100V/cm and the current density of the direct current electric field to be 20A/cm 2 Heating the sintering furnace from room temperature at a heating rate of 5 ℃/min, applying a preset direct current electric field when the temperature is increased to 200 ℃, generating sudden increase of current when the temperature of the sintering furnace is 300 ℃, closing a direct current power supply and the sintering furnace after the sintering furnace is subjected to heat preservation sintering at 300 ℃ for 1s, and taking out a sample after the sample is cooled to obtain the lanthanum chromate ceramic.
FIGS. 1 to 3 are scanning electron micrographs of the lanthanum chromate ceramics prepared in example 1, example 2 and example 4, respectively. As can be seen from fig. 1 to 3: the lanthanum chromate ceramic prepared in example 4 has a good microstructure, and has a smaller and uniform particle size with an average particle size of 1.41 μm, compared with the sintered samples in examples 1 and 2, which indicates that the low-temperature reactive flash firing technique can effectively control the grain growth.
Comparative example 1
Changing the strength of the direct current electric field in the embodiment 4 to 59V/cm, keeping other conditions unchanged, applying the preset electric field, wherein the current does not reach the preset current density, slowly increasing the current from 1mA to stable current 630mA under the given electric field strength, and when the furnace temperature reaches 600 ℃, the current surge is not generated, and the current density does not reach the limited current density, closing the direct current power supply, and taking out the sample after the sample is cooled.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing that the direct current electric field strength of the lanthanum chromate ceramic prepared in example 4 is changed, other conditions are not changed, and the current density at different electric field strengths is determined to be changed along with the furnace body temperature, and it can be seen from FIG. 4 that, when a certain electric field strength is applied to a sample within a certain range, the current is suddenly increased at a certain temperature point, the flash point is gradually reduced along with the increase of the electric field strength, and when the electric field strength is 100V/cm, the flash temperature is only 300 ℃; when the electric field strength is 70V/cm, the flash temperature is 430 ± 5 ℃, but when the electric field strength is below a certain threshold (corresponding to comparative example 1), a sharp increase in current density or failure to reach the current limit density value hardly occurs.
FIG. 5 shows the effect of different holding sintering times on the phase composition of lanthanum chromate ceramic, with the holding sintering time being varied for the lanthanum chromate ceramic prepared in example 1 and other conditions being unchanged. As can be seen from FIG. 5, when the heat-preservation sintering time is 10s, lanthanum oxide and chromium oxide in the raw materials of the obtained lanthanum chromate ceramic completely react and are completely converted into a perovskite structure, and no other second phase exists; and when the heat preservation sintering time is 1s and 5s, the flash-burned product mainly contains lanthanum chromate, but the reaction is not complete, and a small amount of raw material phase lanthanum oxide still exists.
The preparation method can instantly finish the phase transformation and densification process from the oxide to the perovskite within a few seconds, has low flash firing temperature, can inhibit excessive growth of crystal grains, realizes the aim of preparing the lanthanum chromate ceramic from the oxide raw material at low temperature in a short time, simplifies the synthesis process and reduces the preparation energy consumption.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of lanthanum chromate ceramic is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) Ball-milling lanthanum oxide, chromium oxide and absolute ethyl alcohol to obtain ball-milled slurry;
2) Performing, forming and roasting the ball-milling slurry and polyvinyl butyral in sequence to obtain a ceramic biscuit;
3) And heating the ceramic biscuit to a first temperature, applying a direct current electric field, continuously heating to a second temperature to perform flash firing, and performing heat preservation sintering at the second temperature to obtain the lanthanum chromate ceramic.
2. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the lanthanum oxide in step 1) is a water-removed lanthanum oxide; the temperature of the dewatering treatment is 800-1000 ℃, the time is 0.5-1.5 h, and the heating rate of heating to the dewatering treatment temperature is 4-6 ℃/min.
3. The production method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the molar ratio of lanthanum oxide to chromium oxide in step 1) is 1:0.5 to 1.5; the mass ratio of the total mass of the lanthanum oxide and the chromium oxide to the absolute ethyl alcohol is 1:1.5 to 2.5.
4. The preparation method of claim 3, wherein the rotation speed of the ball milling in the step 1) is 450-500 r/min, and the ball milling time is 12-24 h.
5. The preparation method of claim 4, wherein the mass ratio of the ball milling slurry in the step 2) to the polyvinyl butyral is 1:0.05 to 0.08.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the pressure for the preforming in step 2) is 7 to 9MPa, and the preforming time is 25 to 35s; the molding pressure is 16-20 MPa, and the molding time is 50-70 s; the roasting temperature is 550-680 ℃, and the roasting time is 0.5-1.5 h.
7. The method according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the heating to the first temperature in step 3) is performed at a heating rate of 4 to 6 ℃/min, and the first temperature is 180 to 220 ℃.
8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the intensity of the DC electric field in the step 3) is 70 to 100V/cm, and the current density of the DC electric field is 20 to 30A/cm 2 。
9. The preparation method of claim 8, wherein the second temperature in step 3) is 300-450 ℃, and the time for heat preservation and sintering is 1-10 s.
10. A lanthanum chromate ceramic prepared by the method of any one of claims 1 to 9.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101439877A (en) * | 2008-12-16 | 2009-05-27 | 河北师范大学 | Process for preparing La2/3Sr1/3MnO3 and La1.4Sr1.6Mn2O7 composite material |
| CN109935901A (en) * | 2019-03-25 | 2019-06-25 | 武汉理工大学 | A kind of Nb, Ta are co-doped with carbuncle type LLZO solid electrolyte and preparation method thereof |
| CN110294629A (en) * | 2019-08-15 | 2019-10-01 | 内蒙古科技大学 | A kind of chromic lanthanum ceramics and preparation method thereof |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101439877A (en) * | 2008-12-16 | 2009-05-27 | 河北师范大学 | Process for preparing La2/3Sr1/3MnO3 and La1.4Sr1.6Mn2O7 composite material |
| CN109935901A (en) * | 2019-03-25 | 2019-06-25 | 武汉理工大学 | A kind of Nb, Ta are co-doped with carbuncle type LLZO solid electrolyte and preparation method thereof |
| CN110294629A (en) * | 2019-08-15 | 2019-10-01 | 内蒙古科技大学 | A kind of chromic lanthanum ceramics and preparation method thereof |
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