CN115770912A - Assembled electrode for machining annular groove and annular groove machining method - Google Patents

Assembled electrode for machining annular groove and annular groove machining method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115770912A
CN115770912A CN202211529745.8A CN202211529745A CN115770912A CN 115770912 A CN115770912 A CN 115770912A CN 202211529745 A CN202211529745 A CN 202211529745A CN 115770912 A CN115770912 A CN 115770912A
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China
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discharge
stainless steel
tool electrode
machining
electrode
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伏金娟
张亚雄
武晓会
蔡延华
杨立光
荣田
邢鹏
王炳达
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Beijing Electric Processing Research Institute Co ltd
Beijing Xinghang Electromechanical Equipment Co Ltd
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Beijing Electric Processing Research Institute Co ltd
Beijing Xinghang Electromechanical Equipment Co Ltd
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Priority to CN202211529745.8A priority Critical patent/CN115770912A/en
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Abstract

The invention relates to an assembled electrode for processing an annular groove and an annular groove processing method, belongs to the technical field of processing of ultra-long pipe fittings, and solves the problem that the annular groove is difficult to be processed on an ultra-long thin-walled pipe with high precision in the prior art. The electrode comprises a conductive piece and a discharging piece electrically connected with the conductive piece, wherein the discharging piece is sleeved on a workpiece to be machined and moves eccentrically around the workpiece to be machined to realize the electric spark machining of an annular groove of the workpiece to be machined; the discharge end of the discharge piece is matched with the annular groove in shape, and the discharge piece is detachably connected with the conductive piece. The method realizes high-precision processing of the annular groove of the ultra-long thin-walled tube, and can be processed in place at one time, thereby obviously improving the processing efficiency.

Description

Assembled electrode for machining annular groove and annular groove machining method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of processing of ultra-thin and long pipe fittings, in particular to an assembled electrode for processing an annular groove and an annular groove processing method.
Background
Annular grooves need to be machined on some ultra-long and thin flying products, and the annular grooves machined on the ultra-long and thin flying products have the characteristics of small diameter and thin wall thickness and are smaller in size. For the flight products with the size being crucial to control, the requirement on the machining precision of the annular groove puts higher requirements on the machining mode of the annular groove.
The requirement on the machining precision of the annular groove is difficult to meet by adopting the traditional turning mode. This is because the machining accuracy of the annular groove is inevitably affected by both the clamping of the part and the application of the cutting force during the turning.
Therefore, in order to meet the processing requirements of the annular groove on the ultra-long aviation product, a new annular groove processing device needs to be explored.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above analysis, the embodiments of the present invention are directed to providing an assembled electrode for machining an annular groove and an annular groove machining method, so as to solve the problem that it is difficult to machine an annular groove on an ultra-thin and long thin-walled tube with high precision.
On one hand, the embodiment of the invention provides an assembled electrode for machining an annular groove, which comprises a conductive piece and a discharging piece electrically connected with the conductive piece, wherein the discharging piece is sleeved on a workpiece to be machined and moves eccentrically around the workpiece to be machined to realize the electric spark machining of the annular groove of the workpiece to be machined;
the discharging end of the discharging piece is matched with the annular groove in shape, and the discharging piece is detachably connected with the conductive piece.
Based on the further improvement of the processing device, the conductive piece comprises a conductive rod, one end of the conductive rod is a conductive end and is clamped on the universal adjustable clamp, and the other end of the conductive rod is electrically connected with the discharging piece.
Based on the further improvement of above-mentioned processingequipment, the electrode includes a plurality of limiting plates and is used for the clamping piece of fixed limiting plate, and is a plurality of the limiting plate encloses into the centre gripping space that is used for fixed and connect conducting rod one end and discharge piece.
Based on the further improvement of the processing device, the discharging piece is of a circular ring structure, one end of the conducting rod is provided with a step hole coaxial with the discharging piece, and the discharging piece is detachably and coaxially arranged in the step hole of the conducting rod.
Based on the further improvement of the processing device, the excircle end part of the discharge piece is a mounting end, one end of the conducting rod is a circular end part, a step through hole-shaped groove for placing the mounting end is arranged on the circular end part, the mounting end is clamped in the groove, and the discharge piece is electrically connected with the conducting rod through the mounting end;
the annular limiting plate is fixedly mounted on the conducting rod through a bolt so as to press the mounting end of the discharging piece into the groove.
Based on the further improvement of the processing device, the discharge part is of a continuous annular structure, and the diameter size of the inner circle of the discharge part of the annular structure is smaller than that of the inner circle of the annular end part of the conducting rod.
Based on further improvement of the processing device, the discharge part comprises a plurality of fan-shaped discharge parts, and the fan-shaped discharge parts form the annular discharge part;
wherein the fan-shaped discharge parts are electrically connected with each other;
the inner circle diameter size of the discharging piece is smaller than that of the circular end part of the conducting rod.
Based on further improvement of the processing device, the annular limiting plate comprises a plurality of fan-shaped limiting plates, and the fan-shaped limiting plates form the annular limiting plate;
the fan-shaped limiting plates are used for pressing the fan-shaped discharge parts on the annular end parts of the conducting rods respectively. The discharging part comprises a plurality of electric spark machining point positions which are arranged around the circumferential direction of the workpiece to be machined;
the method comprises the following steps that during the process that a discharging piece surrounds a workpiece to be machined to perform eccentric motion electric spark machining, the same electric spark machining point comprises a working state and a non-working state;
and processing the annular groove on the surface to be processed by the working state of the plurality of electric spark processing point positions arranged around the circumferential direction of the part to be processed.
In one aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a method for machining an annular groove, including performing electric discharge machining on an annular groove of a workpiece to be machined by using the electrode described above.
Compared with the prior art, the invention can realize at least one of the following beneficial effects:
1. the discharging part of the tool electrode is detachably connected with the conductive part, after electric spark machining, the whole tool electrode does not need to be detached from the universal adjustable fixture for replacement, and the damaged tool electrode can be replaced only by replacing the discharging part, so that the clamping of the tool electrode can be realized without adjusting the universal adjustable fixture again, and the replacement is convenient.
2. The discharge part comprises a plurality of fan-shaped discharge parts, and after the machining is finished, the fan-shaped discharge parts with damaged parts can be replaced, so that the machining cost increased by integrally replacing the discharge part is avoided; meanwhile, for processing annular grooves with various shapes, the whole tool electrode does not need to be designed and processed for adapting to the annular groove, and the electric spark processing of the annular grooves with various shapes can be realized by replacing part of fan-shaped discharge parts, so that the processing cost of the annular grooves is reduced.
3. The tool electrode has a circular discharge end which is sleeved on the outer end face of the ultra-thin stainless steel pipe to perform eccentric motion, in the process, the distance between the end face of the discharge end and the end face to be processed of the ultra-thin stainless steel pipe is continuously changed, the end face with the closer distance is a working end, and the end face with the farther distance is a non-working end, so that the outer end face of the ultra-thin stainless steel pipe is subjected to electric spark processing through the working end; along the direction of processing promptly, the position of working end constantly changes on the interior circle terminal surface of discharge end, when the interior circle terminal surface of discharge end is close to the outer terminal surface of super long stainless steel pipe promptly, the terminal surface of this discharge end is the working end, when the outer terminal surface of super long stainless steel pipe is kept away from to this terminal surface, this terminal surface changes into non-working end, dynamic transition between working end and the non-working end has been realized, with this, the working end of having avoided tool electrode is in lasting processing state, greatly reduced the loss to the working end of tool electrode, it is less than or equal to 1% to have realized that tool electrode loss, and then reduced tool electrode's working end face deformation, with this precision to super long stainless steel pipe rupture groove processing has been improved.
4. The discharge end of the tool electrode is sleeved on the ultra-long stainless steel pipe to do eccentric motion, when in machining, the distance between the discharge end and the ultra-long stainless steel pipe is reduced from large to small and then increased from small to large, metal scraps are generated between the discharge end and the stainless steel pipe in the process of reducing the distance from large to small, at the moment, part of the metal scraps are discharged along with working liquid through a machining gap, in the process of reducing the distance to large, the distance between the discharge end and the stainless steel pipe can be increased by nearly 200 times, the efficiency of discharging the metal scraps is obviously improved, the phenomenon that the metal scraps are accumulated at the discharge end due to untimely discharge is avoided, the loss of the tool electrode is reduced, and the risk of short circuit caused by the fact that the tool electrode is directly connected with the stainless steel pipe through the metal scraps is avoided.
5. The discharge end sleeve of the tool electrode can perform eccentric motion on the ultra-long stainless steel pipe, metal scraps can be efficiently discharged, and then electric spark machining is performed with a small machining gap, so that machining current and machining voltage values can be reduced, machining cost is reduced, and a fracture groove with low surface roughness can be obtained.
6. The machining of the broken grooves with different wall thicknesses can be realized by adjusting the value of the single-side feeding amount, the machining of the sizes of different oblique angles alpha can be realized by adjusting the shape of the discharge end of the tool electrode, and a foundation is laid for the rapid production and the batch production of products.
7. The tool electrode eccentrically moves for a circle around the central axis of the inner cavity of the ultra-long stainless steel pipe, so that the processing of the broken groove of the ultra-long stainless steel pipe can be finished, the one-time processing in place is realized, and the processing efficiency is obviously improved.
8. The invention abandons the traditional turning mode of the ultra-long stainless steel pipe, utilizes the working end of the tool electrode to discharge and corrode and remove the metal on the surface of the ultra-long stainless steel pipe, and carries out the fracture groove machining, namely, in the machining process, the tool electrode is not contacted with the surface of the ultra-long stainless steel pipe, thereby avoiding the deformation of the ultra-long stainless steel pipe and overcoming the damage problem of the cutting force to the ultra-long stainless steel pipe.
9. The invention utilizes the eccentric motion of the discharge end of the tool electrode around the central axis of the inner cavity of the ultra-long stainless steel pipe to process the breaking groove of the ultra-long stainless steel pipe, namely, the ultra-long stainless steel can realize the processing of the annular breaking groove on the outer surface without rotating in the processing process, thereby overcoming the problem that the coaxiality of the ultra-long stainless steel pipe is deteriorated to influence the processing precision in the rotation process.
10. The tool electrode eccentrically moves around the central axis of the inner cavity of the stainless steel pipe, so that the unilateral feeding amount of the end surface of each discharge end is the same, the consistency of the processing depth of the breaking groove is ensured, and the processing precision of the breaking groove is improved.
11. The inclination angle of the tool electrode on the horizontal plane is adjusted through the first adjusting part of the universal adjustable clamp; according to the detection value of the dial indicator and the moving time and speed of the dial indicator, the inclination angle of the tool electrode on the YZ surface of the machine tool is determined, the angle scale value on the first connecting body is compared, the corner adjusting bolt is pushed to the corresponding scale, the inclination angle of the tool electrode on the YZ surface of the machine tool can be adjusted in a high-precision mode, the tool electrode is aligned, operation is convenient, and machining efficiency and precision are improved.
12. During processing, the stainless steel tube with the ultra-long length is placed in the V-shaped grooves in the equal-height positioning blocks and the auxiliary bearing blocks, the upper surface of the stainless steel tube with the ultra-long length is limited by the clamping plate, clamping and positioning of the stainless steel tube with the ultra-long length can be achieved, clamping is convenient, and stability of the stainless steel tube with the ultra-long length in the processing process can be guaranteed.
In the invention, the technical schemes can be combined with each other to realize more preferable combination schemes. Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by the practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and drawings.
Drawings
The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating particular embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention, wherein like reference numerals are used to designate like parts throughout.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a limiting member, a limiting plate and a conductive member in the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a limiting member, a limiting plate and a conductive member according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the annular limiting plate, the annular discharging element and the conductive element of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a circular limiting plate, a circular discharging element and a conductive element according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 isbase:Sub>A schematic cross-sectional view taken at A-A of FIG. 3;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the structure of the fan-shaped limiting plate, the fan-shaped discharging portion and the conductive member of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of a sectored limiting plate, a sectored discharging portion and a conductive member according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of the tool electrode of the present invention with the center line of the discharge end coinciding with the central axis of the inner cavity of the stainless steel tube;
FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of the tool electrode of the present invention with its center line offset from the central axis of the inner cavity of the stainless steel tube;
FIG. 10 shows the discharge of the tool electrode of the present inventionWhen the end ring eccentrically moves around the central axis of the inner cavity of the stainless steel tube, the central point O of the discharge end 2 Schematic diagram of motion trail of;
FIG. 11 shows that when the discharge end of the tool electrode of the present invention eccentrically moves around the central axis of the inner cavity of the stainless steel tube, any point O on the discharge end 3 Schematic diagram of motion trail of;
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the universally adjustable clamp of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a universally adjustable clamp of the present invention;
FIG. 14 is a schematic view of a mating structure of the adjusting screw and the first connecting body according to the present invention;
FIG. 15 is a schematic structural view of a stainless steel pipe rupture groove according to the present invention;
FIG. 16 is a schematic view of the structure of the load bearing assembly of the present invention engaged with a stainless steel tube;
FIG. 17 is a schematic view of a stainless steel pipe after the fracture groove is processed.
Reference numerals:
1-a tool electrode; 101-a discharge end; 102-a working end; 103-non-working end; 104-a conductive terminal; 2-a transmission rod; 3-equal-height positioning blocks; 4-an auxiliary bearing block; 5-clamping the plate; 6-stainless steel tube; 601-breaking the groove; 7-machine direction; 8-direction of eccentric motion; 9-a machine tool workbench; 10-a reference seat; 11-a holder; 12-a fastening screw; 13-a first fixed seat; 14-a second fixed seat; 15-vertical screws; 16-an insulating plate; 17-a gripper head; 18-a first linker; 19-a second linker; 20-a rotor; 21-corner adjusting bolts; 22-notches; 23-the moving direction of the dial indicator on the discharge end surface of the tool electrode along the Z-axis direction of the machine tool; 24-the moving direction of the dial indicator on the discharge end surface of the tool electrode along the Y-axis direction of the machine tool; 25-a conductive member; 26-ring-shaped discharge piece; 27-limiting plate; 28-a clamping member; 29-ring-shaped limiting plate; 30-a sector-shaped discharge portion; 31-a fan-shaped limiting plate; 32-grooves; h 1 -wall thickness of stainless steel tube; h 2 -breaking the groove wall thickness; alpha-breaking groove bevel angle; s 11 、S 12 、S 13 、S 14 Four points selected on the circular working end of the tool electrode to stainless steelActual allowance gap value between the outer end surfaces of the tubes; s 2 -machining the gap; o is 1 -a discharge end center point; o is 2 -stainless steel tube lumen center point; o is 3 -a selected point on the discharge end.
Detailed Description
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate preferred embodiments of the invention and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the scope of the invention.
The ratio of the diameter to the length is 1. For example, the stainless steel tube used on a certain aviation product has the outer diameter of 2mm, the inner diameter of 1mm and the length of 1-1.2 m, and the ratio of the outer diameter to the length of the stainless steel tube is 1-600, and the stainless steel tube belongs to an ultra-long stainless steel tube. When the device is used, a V-shaped groove is generally required to be processed on the ultra-long steel pipe, and the V-shaped groove is a fracture groove and used for separating the flying product guidance system from the product fairing body when a product reaches a preset height and position.
Because the superfine stainless steel pipe has small diameter and thin wall thickness, and the wall thickness of the breaking groove is thinner, if the wall thickness of the breaking groove is 0.3 +/-0.05 mm, the important size of the superfine stainless steel pipe cannot be obtained through direct measurement; when the breaking groove is machined at a certain position of the ultra-long stainless steel pipe, the traditional turning machining mode is adopted, the wall thickness of the position of the breaking groove is difficult to ensure, the centrifugal force of the workpiece caused by the overlong length in the rotation process is larger, the coaxiality of the workpiece is poorer, and the generated cutting force is easy to cause the deformation of the ultra-long stainless steel pipe.
If the existing electric spark machining device is adopted to machine the breaking groove of the ultra-long stainless steel pipe, the ultra-long stainless steel pipe needs to be rotated, and then the tool electrode is continuously pushed on the surface of the ultra-long stainless steel pipe for machining, but because the ultra-long stainless steel pipe is longer, the centrifugal force causing the rotation of a workpiece in the rotation process is larger, the coaxiality of the workpiece is poorer, and the wall thickness of the breaking groove position is difficult to ensure; in the machining process, part of the total energy is released to the tool electrode, so that tool loss is caused, the shape of the lost tool electrode is finally copied on the ultra-long stainless steel pipe, and the machining precision of the fracture groove is seriously influenced.
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides an assembled electrode for processing an annular groove, comprising a conductive member 25, and a discharge member electrically connected to the conductive member 25, wherein the discharge member is sleeved on a workpiece to be processed and eccentrically moves around the workpiece to be processed to realize the electric spark processing of the annular groove of the workpiece to be processed;
the discharging end of the discharging piece is matched with the annular groove in shape, and the discharging piece is detachably connected with the conductive piece.
Specifically, the conductive member 25 includes a conductive rod, one end of the conductive rod is a conductive end and is clamped on the universal adjustable clamp, and the other end of the conductive rod is electrically connected to the discharging member.
That is, the tool electrode 1 is no longer an integral structure, the discharge member and the conductive member 25 are detachably connected, and after the discharge member of the electrode eccentrically moves around the workpiece to be machined to perform electric discharge machining, the damaged discharge member can be separately replaced to avoid affecting the machining accuracy.
In one possible embodiment, as shown in fig. 1-2, the electrode comprises a plurality of limiting plates 27 and a clamping member 28 for fixing the limiting plates 27, wherein the plurality of limiting plates 27 surround a clamping space for fixing and connecting one end of the conductive rod and the discharging member. Wherein, one end of the discharging piece and one end of the conducting rod are respectively inserted into the clamping space, the discharging piece and one end of the conducting rod are respectively fastened in the clamping space through the clamping piece 28, the connection of the discharging piece and the conducting piece 25 is realized, and after the electric spark machining is finished, the clamping piece 28 is removed, and the replacement of the discharging piece can be realized.
Wherein, be equipped with four limiting plates 27, clamping piece 28 can be two arcs, and two arcs are laminated in four limiting plates 27's outside, and two arcs pass through bolt fastening connection each other to this, exert pressure to four limiting plates 27 for four limiting plates 27 extrude towards discharge and conducting rod, and then realize fastening discharge and conducting rod in the centre gripping space. The clamping member 28 may have other shapes, and it is sufficient that the four limit plates 27 can press the conductive rod.
The discharge part may be a circular ring-shaped structure, and as shown in fig. 2, a connection part is disposed at an upper end of the circular ring-shaped discharge part, and the connection part is disposed in the clamping space and electrically connected to the conductive rod.
In a possible embodiment, as shown in fig. 3 to 5, the discharge part is a circular ring structure, the end of the conducting rod electrically connected with the discharge part is provided with a stepped hole coaxial with the discharge part, and the discharge part is detachably and coaxially arranged in the stepped hole of the conducting rod.
The outer circle surface of the discharging piece is in clearance fit with the inner wall of the step hole, one end surface of the discharging piece is abutted to the step surface in the step hole, and axial limiting of the discharging piece in the step hole of the conducting rod is achieved.
The conducting rod further comprises an annular limiting plate 29 for pressing the discharging piece 26 in the stepped hole of the conducting rod. Specifically, the annular position limiting plate 29 is provided with a through hole coaxial with the discharge element 26, and is fixedly mounted on the conductive rod outside the stepped hole by a bolt. Therefore, before machining, the workpiece to be machined sequentially penetrates through part of the stepped hole, the circular center hole of the discharging part 26 and the through hole of the circular limiting plate, the discharging part is sleeved outside the workpiece to be machined, and after machining is completed, the circular limiting plate 29 is removed, and then the discharging part can be replaced.
In a specific embodiment, the end part of the conducting rod electrically connected with the discharging part is in a circular ring structure, the circular center hole is a step through hole-shaped groove, the end part of the excircle of the discharging part is a mounting end, the circular end part of the conducting rod is provided with a groove 32 for placing the mounting end, the mounting end is clamped in the groove 32, and the discharging part is electrically connected with the conducting rod through the mounting end; the annular end part of the conducting rod is also provided with an annular limiting plate 29, and the annular limiting plate 29 is fixedly installed on the conducting rod through a bolt so as to press the installation end of the annular discharging piece 26 in the groove 32. Thus, after the machining is completed, the discharge element can be replaced by removing the annular stopper plate 29.
In one possible embodiment, as shown in fig. 6-7, the discharge member comprises a plurality of fan-shaped discharge portions 30, the plurality of fan-shaped discharge portions 30 forming the annular discharge member 26; the plurality of fan-shaped discharge portions 30 are electrically connected to each other; the annular stopper plate 29 includes a plurality of fan-shaped stopper plates 31, and the plurality of fan-shaped stopper plates 31 form the annular stopper plate 29; the plurality of fan-shaped limit plates 31 press the plurality of fan-shaped discharge parts 30 against the stepped holes of the conductive rods, respectively. Therefore, after the processing is finished, the fan-shaped discharge part 30 can be replaced independently, so that the discharge part can be replaced; when the annular groove machining device is used for machining, the inner arc-shaped surface of the fan-shaped discharge part 30 faces a surface to be machined, and for annular grooves with different required shapes and sizes, the annular grooves with different shapes and sizes can be machined by changing the shape of the inner arc-shaped surface of the fan-shaped discharge part 30.
Illustratively, four fan-shaped discharge portions 30 are provided, and four fan-shaped restriction plates 31 are provided.
Compared with the prior art, the discharging part of the tool electrode 1 is detachably connected with the conductive part, after the electric spark machining, the whole tool electrode 1 does not need to be detached from the universal adjustable fixture for replacement, and the damaged tool electrode 1 can be replaced only by replacing the discharging part, so that the clamping of the tool electrode can be realized without adjusting the universal adjustable fixture again, the replacement is convenient, and the electric spark machining cost is reduced due to the electrode material of the conductive part.
Wherein, the diameter size of the inner circle of the discharge part with the annular structure is smaller than that of the inner circle of the stepped hole of the conducting rod.
Specifically, the discharge part is connected with the conductive part to form a complete tool electrode 1, at this time, one end of the tool electrode 1 is a discharge end 101, the discharge end comprises a plurality of electric spark machining points arranged around the circumference of the workpiece to be machined, and the same electric spark machining point comprises a working state and a non-working state;
when the distance between the electric spark machining point and the surface to be machined is larger than a threshold value, the electric spark machining point is in a non-working state; when the distance between the electric spark machining point and the surface to be machined is smaller than or equal to a threshold value, the electric spark machining point is in a working state; the threshold is a discharge distance between an electric discharge machining point and a surface to be machined, which meets machining requirements, and is 0-50 μm in an exemplary manner.
It can be understood that the discharge end 101 includes a plurality of electrical discharge machining point locations that are arranged around the circumference of the workpiece to be machined, and the plurality of electrical discharge machining point locations that are arranged around the circumference of the workpiece to be machined may be continuously distributed around the circumference of the workpiece to be machined or may be discontinuously distributed around the circumference of the workpiece to be machined, and continuous machining and forming of the V-shaped groove on the surface to be machined may be achieved.
In a possible embodiment, one end of the tool electrode 1 is annular, that is, a plurality of electric spark machining points arranged around the circumference of the workpiece to be machined form a continuous annular shape, the inner circle end of the annular shape is matched with the shape of the V-shaped groove, that is, the inner circle end is convex, the V-shaped groove is concave, and the cross-sectional size of the convex shape is the same as the cross-sectional shape of the concave groove; the other end of the tool electrode 1 is a conductive end 104, which is electrically connected to an output end of a power supply device disposed on the machine tool, and is used for introducing current and transmitting the current to an inner circle end, and at this time, the inner circle end is a discharge end 101, so as to implement the processing of the V-shaped groove on the surface to be processed through the working state of a plurality of electric spark processing points of the discharge end 101, which are circumferentially disposed around the workpiece to be processed.
In a possible embodiment, the discharge end is a rigid structure, and the discharge end 101 is sleeved on the outer end face of the stainless steel tube 6; when in processing, the stainless steel tube 6 is electrically connected with the other output end of the power supply device, and the tool electrode 1 eccentrically moves around the central axis of the inner cavity of the stainless steel tube 6; wherein, in the process of the eccentric motion of the tool electrode 1, the distance between the inner circle end surface of the discharge end 101 and the end surface to be processed of the stainless steel tube 6 is constantly changed; when the distance between the electric spark machining point and the surface to be machined is greater than the threshold value, the electric spark machining point is in a non-working state, and at the moment, the electric spark machining point is a non-working end 103; when the distance between the electric spark machining point and the surface to be machined is smaller than or equal to the threshold value, the electric spark machining point is in a working state, and at the moment, the electric spark machining point is a working end 102, so that the working state and the non-working state are changed at the same electric spark machining point, the working states of all the electric spark machining points jointly realize machining of the broken groove on the surface to be machined, namely, the position of the working end 102 is continuously changed in the inner circular end surface of the discharge end 101, the circular discharge end of the tool electrode eccentrically moves for a circle around the central axis of the inner cavity of the stainless steel pipe, and all the working ends form continuous circular discharge ends around the stainless steel pipe in the circumferential direction, so that the discharge end 101 of the tool electrode 1 is prevented from being in a continuous machining state, and further the loss of the tool electrode 1 is reduced.
Wherein, in the process of the eccentric motion of the tool electrode 1, the distance between the end surface of the discharge end 101 and the end surface to be processed of the stainless steel tube 6 is constantly changed, the end surface with the distance of 10-50 μm is in a working state, namely a working end 102, and the end surface with the distance of more than 50 μm is in a non-working state, namely a non-working end 103. Wherein, the processing tracks of all the working ends 102 together form an ultra-long stainless steel pipe breaking groove 601.
The annular discharge end 101 of the tool electrode 1 comprises a plurality of working ends 102 which are distributed annularly, and when the discharge end eccentrically moves around the central axis of the inner cavity of the stainless steel tube 6 to be machined, the working ends 102 are in an asynchronous and non-continuous machining state; and the processing tracks of the plurality of working ends jointly form a breaking groove of the stainless steel pipe 6.
After the tool electrode 1 eccentrically moves for a circle, all end faces of the discharge end 101 participate in electric spark machining, namely, all working ends 102 form the complete discharge end 101, and machining tracks of all working ends 102 form the ultra-long stainless steel pipe breaking groove 601 together; along the machining direction 7, the working ends 102 have a circular motion phenomenon on the discharge end 101, that is, the positions of the working ends 102 are different at different times, so that all the working ends 102 are machined alternately and orderly, the machining direction 7 is the circumferential direction around the outer end surface of the stainless steel tube 6, and the surface where the circumferential direction is located is perpendicular to the central axis of the inner cavity of the stainless steel tube 6.
Specifically, one end of the tool electrode 1 is mounted on the machine tool through a universal adjustable clamp, and the discharge end 101 of the tool electrode 1 is sleeved on the outer end surface of the stainless steel tube 6, as shown in fig. 8, the center of the inner circular end of the discharge end 101 of the tool electrode 1 coincides with the central axis of the inner cavity of the stainless steel tube 6, and a margin gap is formed between the discharge end 101 and the outer end surface of the stainless steel tube 6, that is, the diameter of the inner circular end of the discharge end 101 is larger than the outer diameter of the stainless steel tube 6, and exemplarily, the diameter of the inner circular end is 10-20mm, which is the diameter of the inner circular endThe external diameter of the stainless steel tube 6 is 5-10 times. Thereby, during the electric discharge machining, the determination of the single-side feed amount O is facilitated 1 O 2 The value of (c). During machining, the tool electrode 1 is driven by the machine tool to swing, and at this time, as shown in fig. 9, the discharge end 101 of the tool electrode 1 is in an eccentric motion state around the central axis of the inner cavity of the stainless steel tube 6.
Wherein the one-side feed amount O 1 O 2 Satisfies the following conditions:
O 1 O 2 ＝S 1 +(H 1 -H 2 )-S 2
wherein, O 1 Represents the center point of the discharge end 101 of the tool electrode;
O 2 the center point of the inner cavity of the stainless steel pipe 6 is shown;
H 1 the wall thickness of the stainless steel tube 6;
H 2 the wall thickness of the breaking groove 601;
S 2 the machining gap is the closest distance between the working end 102 and the end face of the stainless steel pipe 601 when the tool electrode 1 eccentrically moves;
S 1 there is a margin gap between the discharge end 101 and the outer end surface of the stainless steel pipe 6.
Wherein S is 1 Satisfies the following conditions:
Figure BDA0003972396270000091
wherein, as shown in FIG. 8, S 11 、S 12 、S 13 、S 14 The four points are evenly distributed on the discharge end 101 for the actual margin gap value between the four points selected on the discharge end 101 of the tool electrode and the outer end surface of the stainless steel pipe 6.
Exemplary, S 11 、S 12 、S 13 、S 14 Respectively 2.055mm, 2.060mm, 2.065mm, 2.050mm, in which case S 1 ＝2.058mm。
Wherein the machining gap S 2 The value is 10-50 μm to meet the requirement of electric spark machining.
Exemplary, S 2 ＝10μm；H 1 ＝0.5mm，H 2 ＝0.3mm，S 1 =2.058mm, in which case O 1 O 2 ＝2.248mm。
Wherein the measurement S can be performed by means of an automatic centering module on the machine tool 11 、S 12 、S 13 、S 14 If the four values are equal, the center of the inner circular end of the discharge end 101 of the tool electrode 1 coincides with the central axis of the inner cavity of the stainless steel tube 6.
Wherein, after the center of the discharge end 101 of the tool electrode 1 is adjusted by the machine tool to coincide with the central axis of the inner cavity of the stainless steel tube 6, the actually measured S 11 、S 12 、S 13 、S 14 The closer the four values of (1) are, the more precise the value of S1 and thus the amount of one-sided feeding O 1 O 2 The more accurate, the more accurate the machining gap can be ensured during the eccentric movement of the tool electrode 1, and the machining depth of the working end 101 can be ensured, so as to ensure the dimensional accuracy of the machined breaking groove 601.
After the center of the discharge end 101 of the tool electrode 1 is adjusted to coincide with the central axis of the inner cavity of the stainless steel tube 6, the tool electrode 1 is in an eccentric motion state under the action of a machine tool, and the detailed process is shown below.
At the center point O of the discharge end 101 of the tool electrode 1 1 And the center point O of the inner cavity of the stainless steel pipe 6 2 The motion trajectory of (2) is illustrated as follows:
moving the tool electrode 1 so that O 1 Away from O 2 Moving distance and one-side feed O 1 O 2 Same, at this time, O 1 And O 2 A distance of O between 1 O 2 ；
With O 2 Centered on O 1 O 2 To a radius, adding O 1 Around O 2 Rotation at this time, O 1 The moving track is a circle, as shown in FIG. 10, the center of which is O 2 Radius is O 1 O 2 ；
Wherein in moving O 1 When the shortest distance between the end surface of the discharge end 101 and the surface of the stainless steel pipe 6 reaches 10 μm, the discharge end is openedStarting a power supply device to transmit pulse voltage to the tool electrode 1 and the stainless steel pipe 6, and corroding and removing metal on the surface of the stainless steel pipe 6 at a processing speed of 0.04g/min until O 1 And O 2 A distance of O between 1 O 2 Then O is 1 Around O 2 Performing a circular motion.
To further illustrate the motion trajectory of the tool electrode 1, an arbitrary point O on the discharge end 101 is selected 3 With O 3 Is illustrated as follows:
moving the tool electrode 1 so that O 3 Towards O 2 Moving by a distance O 1 O 2 ；
At O 1 Around O 2 During rotation, at this time, O is shown in FIG. 11 3 The trajectory of (a) is: with O 3 Is the initial position of (A) as the center of a circle, and is O 1 O 2 A circle with a radius;
wherein, in O 3 In the moving process, when the closest distance between the end face of the discharge end 101 and the surface of the stainless steel pipe 6 reaches 10 micrometers, a power supply device is started to transmit pulse voltage to the tool electrode 1 and the stainless steel pipe 6, and metal on the surface of the stainless steel pipe 6 is etched at a processing speed of 0.04g/min until O 3 Is moved by a distance of O 1 O 2 Then, O 3 Then, the circular motion is performed by taking the initial position as the center of a circle.
Therefore, in the process of the eccentric motion of the tool electrode 1, the distance between the inner circle end face of the discharge end 101 and the outer surface of the stainless steel tube 6 is continuously changed, the distance between each part of the inner circle end face of the discharge end 101 and the outer end face of the stainless steel tube 6 is changed from close to far, and further, the discharge end 101 is changed from the working state to the non-working state, namely, the dynamic change between the working end 102 and the non-working end 103 is realized, so that the working end 102 of the tool electrode 1 is prevented from being in a continuous machining state, and the loss of the working end 102 of the tool electrode 1 is greatly reduced.
Wherein, a margin gap S is arranged between the discharge end 101 and the outer end surface of the stainless steel pipe 601 1 To ensure that the non-machining gap between the non-working end 103 of the discharge end 101 and the end surface of the stainless steel tube 6 is large enough to ensureThe pulse voltage released at the non-working end 103 cannot corrode the metal on the surface of the stainless steel pipe 6. Thus, dynamic switching between the working end 102 and the non-working end 103 is achieved when the tool electrode 1 is moved eccentrically.
The conductive end of the tool electrode 1 is electrically connected with one output end of a power supply device arranged on the machine tool, the stainless steel tube 6 is electrically connected with the other output end of the power supply device, the power supply device comprises a pulse power supply, and the two output ends of the pulse power supply are respectively connected with the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the pulse power supply and used for outputting pulse voltage.
Illustratively, during the machining, the electrical parameters satisfy:
the pulse width is 30-60 mus, the pulse interval is 20-30 mus, the average processing current is 0.8-2A, and the average processing voltage is 30-60V.
Specifically, the tool electrode is also provided with a driving component, so that the driving component is used for driving the tool electrode to move during processing; the driving assembly comprises a transmission rod 2, one end of the transmission rod 2 is connected with the tool electrode 1 through a universal adjustable fixture, the other end of the transmission rod 2 is installed on a machine tool, the transmission rod 2 can be controlled to swing through the machine tool, and then the transmission rod 2 drives the discharge end 101 of the tool electrode 1 to perform eccentric motion around the central axis of the inner cavity of the stainless steel pipe 6.
Specifically, the transmission rod 2 swings clockwise in a swing plane ZY which is parallel to the plane where the discharge end 101 is located, so that the discharge end of the tool electrode 1 eccentrically moves around the central axis of the inner cavity of the stainless steel tube 6. Wherein the stainless steel pipe 6 is kept still during the processing.
Illustratively, during the machining process, the non-electrical parameters satisfy:
the swing speed of the driving component is 0.4-0.6 rpm, the processing gap is 10-50 μm, the processing speed is 0.02-0.045 g/min, and the single-side feed amount is 2.214-2.2.316 mm.
Specifically, the universal adjustable fixture is connected with the tool electrode 1 and used for adjusting the control position of the tool electrode 1 to realize alignment of the tool electrode and ensure the machining precision.
As shown in fig. 12 to 14, the universal adjustable fixture includes a clamping portion for clamping the tool electrode 1, a first adjusting portion for aligning the tool electrode 1 in the XY plane direction of the machine tool, and a second adjusting portion for aligning the tool electrode 1 in the YZ plane direction of the machine tool, wherein the clamping portion, the first adjusting portion, and the second adjusting portion are sequentially connected to each other from bottom to top; in the alignment, the tool electrode 1 is first aligned in the XY plane direction of the machine tool by the first adjustment portion, and then the tool electrode 1 is aligned in the YZ plane direction of the machine tool by the second adjustment portion to ensure that the discharge end surface of the tool electrode 1 is perpendicular to the position to be machined of the stainless steel pipe.
Specifically, the clamping part includes a reference seat 10 and a clamping seat 11 installed on the reference seat 10, wherein a clamping space for installing the tool electrode 1 is provided between adjacent surfaces of the clamping seat 11 and the reference seat 10, and during installation, the upper end of the tool electrode 1 is installed in the clamping space so as to clamp the tool electrode 1.
Furthermore, the clamping part further comprises a fastening screw 12 for adjusting the clamping force of the tool electrode 1, the fastening screw 12 is screwed on the clamping seat 11, and one end of the fastening screw penetrates through the clamping seat 11 and is located in the clamping space. When the tool electrode 1 is mounted, after the upper end of the tool electrode 1 is placed in the clamping space, the fastening screw 12 is rotated, and the end face of the tool electrode 1 is pressed by the fastening screw 12 to press the tool electrode 1 tightly to prevent the tool electrode 1 from sliding.
The inner end face of the clamping space connected with the tool electrode 1 is a V-shaped face, the upper end face of the tool electrode 1 is matched with the V-shaped face, and the angle of the V-shaped face is 90 degrees so as to prevent the tool electrode 1 from sliding in the horizontal direction in the process of pressing the tool electrode 1 by the fastening screw 12. Thus, the clamping of the tool electrode 1 is realized.
Specifically, the first adjusting part comprises a first fixed seat 13 and a second fixed seat 14 which are distributed up and down, the second fixed seat 14 is installed at the lower end of the first fixed seat 13 through a vertical screw 15, and a gap is formed between adjacent surfaces of the first fixed seat 13 and the second fixed seat 14; wherein, the one end of vertical screw 15 passes through first fixing base 13 and second fixing base 14 to with first fixing base 13 spiro union, and with second fixing base 14 sliding connection, be equipped with the nut in the bottom of vertical screw 15, with in the direction of perpendicular to second fixing base 14, carry out spacingly with adjusting the inclination of second fixing base 14 on the horizontal direction through rotatory vertical screw 15 to second fixing base 14.
Wherein, be equipped with four perpendicular screws 15, and vertical, even distribution is on first fixing base 13 to this, rotatory arbitrary perpendicular screw 15 can realize the inclination of local regulation second fixing base 14 on the horizontal direction. The top of the four vertical screws 15 is a rotating head, so that a force can be applied to rotate the vertical screws 15, and in an initial state, the same allowance gap is provided between the rotating heads of all the vertical screws 15 and the upper end surface of the first fixing seat, so as to ensure that the vertical screws 15 have a sufficient screwing space.
Illustratively, when the vertical screw 15 at the left end of the first fixing base 13 is rotated clockwise, the vertical screw 15 drives the left end of the second fixing base 14 to incline downwards.
Further, an insulating plate 16 is fixedly mounted at the lower end of the second fixing seat 14, and the reference seat 10 is fixedly connected with the lower end face of the insulating plate 16, so that when the inclination angle of the second fixing seat 14 in the horizontal direction is adjusted, the tool electrode 1 can be aligned in the vertical direction, and meanwhile, the insulating plate 16 can prevent an operator from getting an electric shock.
Illustratively, when the left end of the second fixed seat 14 is inclined downward, the lower end of the tool electrode 1 is inclined rightward.
Specifically, the second adjustment portion includes the anchor clamps head 17, first connector 18, second connector 19 and rotor 20, wherein, anchor clamps head 17 is installed on the lathe, first connector 18 and anchor clamps head 17 fixed connection, rotor 20 is located between first connector 18 and the second connector 19, and the upper end of rotor 20 and first connector 18 are at the horizontal direction rotatable coupling, the lower extreme and the second connector 19 of rotor 20 are fixed to meet, the lower extreme of second connector 19 and the top fixed connection of first fixing base 13, with this, rotate in the horizontal direction through rotor 20, realize controlling second connector 19 and rotate at the horizontal plane, and then realize adjusting the position of first fixing base 13 in the horizontal direction, and then realize finding tool electrode 1 in the YZ direction of lathe.
The lower end of the first connecting body 18 is provided with a cavity for placing the rotating body 20, the rotating body 20 is placed in the cavity, and the upper end of the rotating body 20 is rotatably installed on the top wall of the cavity; one end of the rotating body 20 is provided with a corner adjusting bolt 21, one end of the corner adjusting bolt 21 is screwed on the rotating body 20, and the other end of the corner adjusting bolt 21 penetrates through the cavity wall of the first connecting body 18 and is positioned outside the first connecting body 18; a notch 22 is formed on the side end face of the first connecting body 18, so that when the rotating body 20 rotates, the rotation angle adjusting bolt 21 can slide in the notch 22; the end part of the corner adjusting bolt 21, which is located outside the first connecting body 18, is a bolt head, and by rotating the bolt head, the corner adjusting bolt 21 can be close to or far away from the first connecting body in the direction towards the first connecting body, so that the pressing force of the corner adjusting bolt 21 on the first connecting body 18 can be adjusted, and the state of the rotating body 20 can be adjusted.
Illustratively, the rotation angle adjusting bolt 21 is rotated counterclockwise until the pressing force of the rotation angle adjusting bolt 21 on the first connecting body 18 is removed, at which time the rotating body 20 can rotate freely, and the rotation angle is limited by the length of the notch 22.
Illustratively, the rotation angle adjusting screw 21 is rotated clockwise until the rotation angle adjusting screw 21 presses against the end face of the first connecting body 18, at which time the rotating body 20 cannot rotate.
Furthermore, the length direction of the notch 22 is provided with a scale of a rotation angle, wherein the rotation angle adjusting bolt 21 is positioned at the middle part of the notch 22 and is 0 degree, and when the rotation angle adjusting bolt 21 rotates clockwise, the maximum position of the rotation angle adjusting bolt 21 moving is 10-30 degrees; when the tool electrode 1 rotates anticlockwise, the maximum position of the rotation angle adjusting bolt 21 is-30 degrees to-10 degrees, so that the rotation angle of the rotating body 20 can be accurately adjusted, and the tool electrode 1 can be accurately adjusted.
Wherein, the surface of the end face of the first connecting body 18, on which the scales are arranged, is used as a reference surface to push the rotation angle adjusting bolt 21 to rotate, and the pushing angle is beta;
wherein, the center of the rotating body 20 is used as the center of a circle, and the angle β pushed by the corner adjusting bolt 21 satisfies the following conditions:
Figure BDA0003972396270000131
wherein, S: taking the discharge end face of the tool electrode 1 as a reference surface, moving a dial indicator in the Y-axis direction of the machine tool, wherein the movement distance of a pointer of the dial indicator is S;
v 1 the speed of movement of the dial indicator;
t 1 the time of movement of the dial gauge.
In the process of aligning the tool electrode 1, a dial indicator is used for aligning the tool electrode 1 to set a reference surface to adjust the universal adjustable fixture, so that the relative position error of the tool electrode and the XYZ axis of the machine tool is smaller than or equal to 0.01mm.
Specifically, one end of the transmission rod 2 is fixedly connected with the reference seat 10, and the transmission rod 2 is parallel to the central line of the discharge end 101 of the tool electrode 1; in the machining process, the other end of the transmission rod 2 is installed on a machine tool so as to move through the machine tool to drive the transmission rod 2 to swing, and then the tool electrode 1 and the universal adjustable fixture are driven to move through the transmission rod 2, so that the discharge end 101 of the tool electrode 1 can perform eccentric motion around the central axis of the inner cavity of the stainless steel tube 6.
Specifically, a bearing assembly is further arranged, so that the bearing assembly is used for clamping the stainless steel pipe 6 during machining; the bearing assembly comprises an equal-height positioning block 3 and an auxiliary bearing block 4 which are arranged on a machine tool; so as to place the stainless steel tube 6 on the equal-height positioning block 3 and the auxiliary bearing block 4 to clamp the stainless steel tube 6.
Specifically, two equal-height positioning blocks 3 are arranged, and the two equal-height positioning blocks 3 are respectively positioned on two sides of the to-be-machined position of the stainless steel pipe 6, so that the stability of the to-be-machined position of the stainless steel pipe 6 is ensured in the machining process. Illustratively, the distance between two equal-height positioning blocks 3 is 20-50mm.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 15 to 16, two auxiliary bearing blocks 4 are provided, and two equal-height positioning blocks 3 are located between the two auxiliary bearing blocks 4, so as to support and position two ends of the stainless steel tube 6 through the two auxiliary bearing blocks 4, and further ensure the stability of the stainless steel tube 6 in the machining process.
The upper end faces of the equal-height positioning block 3 and the auxiliary bearing block 4 are flush, a V-shaped groove is formed in the upper end faces of the equal-height positioning block 3 and the auxiliary bearing block 4, and the stainless steel pipe 6 is placed in the V-shaped groove to limit the stainless steel pipe 6.
Furthermore, the equal-height positioning blocks 3 are also provided with clamping plates 5, the clamping plates 5 cover the V-shaped grooves and are clamped on the equal-height positioning blocks 3 to limit the stainless steel pipes 6, and the stability of the stainless steel pipes 6 is further improved. Illustratively, the V-shaped groove has an angle of 60 to 90 degrees and a depth of 5 to 10mm.
Before the stainless steel tube 6 is placed on the equal-height positioning blocks 3, firstly, the tool electrode 1 needs to be centered and aligned by using a machine tool, then the stainless steel tube 6 penetrates into the discharge end 101 of the tool electrode 1, finally, the equal-height positioning blocks 3, the auxiliary bearing blocks 4 and the clamping plates 5 are used for clamping the stainless steel tube 6, and the stainless steel tube 6 is aligned through the equal-height positioning blocks 3 and the auxiliary bearing blocks 4.
Specifically, after the tool electrode 1 is aligned, the XYZ axes of the machine tool are utilized to adjust the positions of the equal-height positioning block 3 and the auxiliary bearing block 4 on the machine tool so as to align the stainless steel tube 6, ensure that the central axis of the inner cavity of the stainless steel tube 6 coincides with the central line of the discharge end 101 of the tool electrode 1, so as to determine the value of the unilateral feeding amount and further improve the machining precision.
The alignment process of the stainless steel pipe 6 is as follows.
Firstly, fixing 2 equal-height positioning blocks 3 and 2 auxiliary supporting blocks 4 on a workbench 9 of a machine tool, and then utilizing a dial indicator pull gauge to align the side surface of the equal-height positioning blocks to be parallel to the X axis of the machine tool, wherein the parallelism error is less than or equal to 0.01mm.
Before the stainless steel tube 6 is placed on the equal-height positioning block 3, the stainless steel tube 6 penetrates into the discharge end 101 of the tool electrode 1, and then the stainless steel tube 6 is placed on the equal-height positioning block 3 and the auxiliary bearing block 4, so that the stainless steel tube 6 is aligned through the equal-height positioning block 3 and the auxiliary bearing block 4.
In addition, the invention also provides a processing method of the annular groove, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: clamping and aligning the tool electrode by using a universal adjustable clamp;
step 2: clamping and aligning the stainless steel pipe by using a bearing assembly;
and 3, step 3: processing the annular groove on the surface to be processed by utilizing the working state of a plurality of electric spark processing point positions arranged around the circumference of the stainless steel pipe of the tool electrode;
and changing the distance between the electric spark machining point and the surface to be machined to enable the same electric spark machining point to be in a working state or a non-working state.
Wherein, after processing, change impaired discharge spare to reduce the influence to the machining precision.
Specifically, the step 1 includes the steps of:
s11: clamping the tool electrode 1 by using a clamping part of the universal adjustable clamp, and pressing the tool electrode 1 by using a fastening screw 12;
s12: in the XY plane direction of the machine tool, the upper and lower spatial positions of the vertical screw 15 are adjusted to adjust the inclination angle of the second fixed seat 14 in the horizontal direction;
s13: the position of the rotating body 20 in the horizontal plane is adjusted in the machine tool YZ plane direction, thereby adjusting the tilt angle of the tool electrode 1 in the machine tool YZ plane.
In S11, after the upper end of the tool electrode 1 is placed in the clamping space, the fastening screw 12 is rotated, and the end face of the tool electrode 1 is pressed by the fastening screw 12 to press the tool electrode 1 against the sliding.
Further, the inner end of the clamping space in the V shape is limited to the tool electrode 1, so as to prevent the tool electrode 1 from sliding in the horizontal direction during the process of pressing the tool electrode 1 by the fastening screw 12.
Specifically, in S12, the tilt angle of the tool electrode 1 in the horizontal plane direction is adjusted by the first adjustment portion of the universally adjustable jig.
Wherein, arbitrary vertical screw 15 is rotated, realizes the inclination of local regulation second fixing base 14 on the horizontal direction.
Illustratively, the vertical screw 15 located at the left end of the first fixing seat 13 is rotated clockwise, so that the vertical screw 15 drives the left end of the second fixing seat 14 to incline downwards, and then the lower end of the tool electrode 1 inclines to the right through the transmission of the insulating plate.
Specifically, in S13, the tilt angle of the tool electrode 1 in the YZ direction of the machine tool is adjusted by the second adjusting portion of the universally adjustable jig.
The second connecting body 19 is controlled to rotate in the horizontal plane through the rotation of the rotating body 20 in the horizontal direction, so that the position of the first fixing seat 13 is adjusted in the horizontal direction, and the tool electrode 1 is aligned in the YZ direction of the machine tool.
The direction of the angle adjusting bolt 21 towards the first connecting body is close to or far away from the first connecting body by rotating the bolt head, so that the pressing force of the angle adjusting bolt 21 on the first connecting body 18 can be adjusted, and the state of the rotating body 20 can be adjusted.
Illustratively, the rotation angle adjusting bolt 21 is rotated counterclockwise until the pressing force of the rotation angle adjusting bolt 21 on the first connecting body 18 is removed, at which time the rotating body 20 can rotate freely, and the rotation angle is limited by the length of the notch 22.
Illustratively, the rotation angle adjusting bolt 21 is rotated clockwise until the rotation angle adjusting bolt 21 presses against the end face of the first connecting body 18, at which time the rotor 20 cannot rotate.
Wherein, the surface of the first connecting body 18 with the scale on the end surface is used as a reference surface to push the corner adjusting bolt 21 to rotate, and the pushing angle is beta;
wherein, the center of the rotating body 20 is used as the center of a circle, and the angle β pushed by the corner adjusting bolt 21 satisfies the following conditions:
Figure BDA0003972396270000161
wherein, S: taking the discharge end face of the tool electrode 1 as a reference surface, moving a dial indicator in the Y-axis direction of the machine tool, wherein the movement distance of a pointer of the dial indicator is S;
v 1 the speed of movement of the dial indicator;
t 1 is thousands ofAnd (5) dividing the moving time.
In the process of aligning the tool electrode 1, a dial indicator is used for aligning the tool electrode 1 to set a reference surface to adjust the universal adjustable fixture, so that the relative position error of the tool electrode and the XYZ axis of the machine tool is less than or equal to 0.01mm.
Specifically, in step 2, the stainless steel tube 6 is placed on the contour positioning block 3 and the auxiliary bearing block 4 to clamp the stainless steel tube 6.
The two equal-height positioning blocks 3 are used for clamping two sides of the position to be machined of the stainless steel pipe 6, so that the stability of the position to be machined of the stainless steel pipe 6 is ensured in the machining process. Illustratively, the distance between two equal-height positioning blocks 3 is 20-50mm.
Wherein, two equal-height positioning blocks 3 are placed between the two auxiliary bearing blocks 4, so as to support and position the two ends of the stainless steel tube 6 through the two auxiliary bearing blocks 4, and further ensure the stability of the stainless steel tube 6 in the processing process.
Wherein, the stainless steel tube 6 is placed in the V-shaped grooves formed on the upper end surfaces of the equal-height positioning blocks 3 and the auxiliary bearing blocks 4 so as to limit the stainless steel tube 6.
Furthermore, cover grip block 5 on V type groove to the joint is on equal altitude locating piece 3, in order to carry on spacingly to stainless steel pipe 6, further improves stainless steel pipe 6's stability. Illustratively, the V-shaped groove has an angle of 60 to 90 degrees and a depth of 5 to 10mm.
Before the stainless steel tube 6 is placed on the equal-height positioning block 3, firstly, a machine tool is used for centering and aligning the tool electrode 1, then the stainless steel tube 6 is inserted into the discharge end 101 of the tool electrode 1, finally, the equal-height positioning block 3, the auxiliary bearing block 4 and the clamping plate 5 are used for clamping the stainless steel tube 6, and the equal-height positioning block 3 and the auxiliary bearing block 4 are used for centering the stainless steel tube 6.
Specifically, after the tool electrode 1 is aligned, the XYZ axes of the machine tool are utilized to adjust the positions of the equal-height positioning block 3 and the auxiliary bearing block 4 on the machine tool so as to align the stainless steel tube 6, ensure that the central axis of the inner cavity of the stainless steel tube 6 coincides with the central line of the discharge end 101 of the tool electrode 1, so as to determine the value of the unilateral feeding amount and further improve the machining precision.
The alignment process of the stainless steel pipe 6 is as follows.
Firstly, fixing 2 equal-height positioning blocks 3 and 2 auxiliary supporting blocks 4 on a workbench 9 of a machine tool, and then utilizing a dial indicator to align the side surface of the dial indicator to be parallel to the X axis of the machine tool, wherein the parallelism error is less than or equal to 0.01mm.
Before the stainless steel tube 6 is placed on the equal-height positioning block 3, the stainless steel tube 6 penetrates into the discharge end 101 of the tool electrode 1, and then the stainless steel tube 6 is placed on the equal-height positioning block 3 and the auxiliary bearing block 4, so that the stainless steel tube 6 is aligned through the equal-height positioning block 3 and the auxiliary bearing block 4.
Specifically, in step 3, the tool electrode 1 is clamped in the clamping part, and the reference seat 10 of the clamping part is connected with a driving assembly, wherein the driving assembly comprises a transmission rod 2, namely, one end of the transmission rod 2 is connected with the reference seat 10 and is parallel to the central line of the discharge end 101 of the tool electrode 1; in the machining process, the other end of the transmission rod 2 is installed on a machine tool to move through the machine tool to drive the transmission rod 2 to swing, and then the tool electrode 1 and the universal adjustable fixture are driven to move through the transmission rod 2, so that the discharge end 101 of the tool electrode 1 does eccentric motion around the central axis of the inner cavity of the stainless steel tube 6, therefore, the discharge end 101 of the tool electrode surrounds the end face of the stainless steel tube 6 to perform electric spark machining, the machining direction 7 is the circumferential direction around the outer end face of the stainless steel tube 6, and the central line of the circumferential direction is overlapped with the central axis of the inner cavity of the stainless steel tube 6.
Specifically, before the tool electrode 1 performs eccentric motion, the center of the inner circular end of the discharge end 101 of the tool electrode 1 needs to be adjusted to coincide with the central axis of the stainless steel tube 6, and an allowance gap is formed between the discharge end 101 and the outer end surface of the stainless steel tube 6, that is, the diameter of the inner circular end of the discharge end 101 is larger than the outer diameter of the stainless steel tube 6, and exemplarily, the diameter of the inner circular end is 10-20mm, which is 5-10 times the outer diameter of the stainless steel tube 6. Thereby, during the electric discharge machining, the determination of the single-side feed amount O is facilitated 1 O 2 The value of (c).
WhereinSingle side feed O 1 O 2 Satisfies the following conditions:
O 1 O 2 ＝S 1 +(H 1 -H 2 )-S 2
wherein, O 1 Represents the center point of the discharge end 101 of the tool electrode 1;
O 2 represents the center point of the inner cavity of the stainless steel pipe 6;
H 1 the wall thickness of the stainless steel tube 6;
H 2 the wall thickness of the breaking groove 601;
S 1 a margin gap is formed between the discharge end 101 and the outer end face of the stainless steel pipe 6;
S 2 the machining gap is the closest distance between the working end 102 and the end face of the stainless steel pipe 601 when the tool electrode 1 moves eccentrically.
Wherein S is 1 Satisfies the following conditions:
Figure BDA0003972396270000181
wherein S is 11 、S 12 、S 13 、S 14 Four points are uniformly distributed on the discharge end 101 for actual allowance gap values between the discharge end 101 of the tool electrode 1 and the outer end surface of the stainless steel pipe 6.
Exemplary, S 11 、S 12 、S 13 、S 14 Respectively 2.055mm, 2.060mm, 2.065mm, 2.050mm, in which case S 1 ＝2.058mm。
Wherein the machining gap S 2 The value is 10-50 μm to meet the requirement of electric spark machining.
Exemplary, S 2 ＝10μm；H 1 ＝0.5mm，H 2 ＝0.3mm，S 1 =2.058mm, in which case O 1 O 2 ＝2.248mm。
Wherein the measurement S can be performed by means of an automatic centering module on the machine tool 11 、S 12 、S 13 、S 14 Wherein, if the four values are equal, it is trueNow the center of the inner circular end of the discharge end 101 of the tool electrode 1 coincides with the central axis of the inner cavity of the stainless steel tube 6.
Wherein, after the center of the discharge end 101 of the tool electrode 1 is adjusted by the machine tool to coincide with the central axis of the inner cavity of the stainless steel tube 6, the actually measured S 11 、S 12 、S 13 、S 14 The closer the four values of (1) are, the more precise the value of S1 and thus the amount of one-sided feeding O 1 O 2 The more accurate, the more accurate the machining gap during the eccentric motion of the tool electrode 1 can be ensured, and the machining depth of the working end 102 can be ensured, so as to ensure the dimensional accuracy of the machined breaking groove 601.
Specifically, after the center of the discharge end 101 of the tool electrode 1 is adjusted to coincide with the central axis of the inner cavity of the stainless steel tube 6, the tool electrode 1 is driven by a machine tool to perform eccentric motion, and the detailed process is shown below.
At the center point O of the discharge end 101 of the tool electrode 1 1 And the center O of the inner cavity of the stainless steel pipe 6 2 The motion trajectory of (a) is illustrated as follows:
moving the tool electrode 1 so that O 1 Away from O 2 Distance of travel and one-side feed O 1 O 2 Same, at this time, O 1 And O 2 A distance of O between 1 O 2 ；
With O 2 Centered on O 1 O 2 To a radius, adding O 1 Around O 2 Rotation at this time, O 1 The moving track is a circle, and the center of the circle is O 2 Radius of O 1 O 2 ；
Wherein in the movement of O 1 When the closest distance between the end face of the discharge end 101 and the surface of the stainless steel tube 6 reaches 10 μm, the power supply is started to supply pulse voltage to the tool electrode 1 and the stainless steel tube 6, and metal on the surface of the stainless steel tube 6 is etched at a processing speed of 0.04g/min until O 1 And O 2 Has a distance of O 1 O2, then O 1 Around O 2 Performing a circular motion.
To further illustrate the motion trajectory of the tool electrode 1, an arbitrary point O on the discharge end 101 is selected 3 With O 3 Is illustrated as follows:
moving the tool electrode 1 so that O 3 Towards O 2 Moving by a distance O 1 O 2 ；
At O 1 Around O 2 While rotating, at this time, O 3 The trajectory of (a) is: with O 3 Is taken as the center of a circle and takes O as the center 1 O 2 A circle with a radius;
wherein, in O 3 In the moving process, when the closest distance between the end face of the discharge end 101 and the surface of the stainless steel pipe 6 reaches 10 micrometers, a power supply device is started to transmit pulse voltage to the tool electrode 1 and the stainless steel pipe 6, and metal on the surface of the stainless steel pipe 6 is etched at a processing speed of 0.04g/min until O 3 A moving distance of O 1 O 2 Then, O 3 Then, the initial position is used as the center of a circle to do circular motion.
Therefore, in the process of the eccentric motion of the tool electrode 1, the distance between the inner circle end surface of the discharge end 101 and the outer surface of the stainless steel tube 6 is changed continuously, the distance between each part of the inner circle end surface of the discharge end 101 and the outer end surface of the stainless steel tube 6 is changed from close to far, and further, the discharge end 101 is changed from the working state to the non-working state, namely, the dynamic change between the working end 102 and the non-working end 103 is realized.
An allowance gap is formed between the discharge end 101 and the outer end face of the stainless steel tube 601, so that a non-machining gap between the non-working end 103 of the discharge end 101 and the end face of the stainless steel tube 6 is large enough, and the pulse voltage released from the non-working end 103 cannot erode metal on the surface of the stainless steel tube 6. Thus, dynamic switching between the working end 102 and the non-working end 103 is achieved when the tool electrode 1 is moved eccentrically.
During processing, the stainless steel tube 6 and the discharge end 101 of the tool electrode 1 are immersed in a liquid medium with a certain degree of insulation, such as kerosene, mineral oil or deionized water; when pulse voltage is applied to the discharge end 101 and the stainless steel tube 6, the liquid medium at the closest point between the stainless steel tube 6 and the discharge end 101 under the current condition is broken down to form a discharge channelThe cross-sectional area of the channel is small and the discharge time is extremely short, resulting in a high concentration of energy (10) 6 W/cm 2 ) The instantaneous high temperature generated in the discharge area is enough to melt and even evaporate the metal on the surface of the stainless steel pipe 6, so that a small pit is formed; after the first pulse discharge is finished, and a short interval time is passed, the second pulse is subjected to breakdown discharge at the closest point between the two electrodes, so that the high-frequency cycle is repeated, the tool electrode 1 is continuously fed to the stainless steel tube 6, the shape of the tool electrode is finally copied on the stainless steel tube 6, and a required machining surface is formed; in the machining process, although a small part of the total energy is also released to the tool electrode 1 to cause the loss of the tool electrode 1, the discharge end 101 of the tool electrode 1 eccentrically moves around the central axis of the inner cavity of the stainless steel tube 6, and the working end 102 at the discharge end 101 continuously changes positions, so that the loss of the tool electrode 1 is reduced by avoiding the continuous machining of the working end 102, and further, the working end 102 of the discharge end 101 keeps a complete shape at each time of machining, and the machining precision is improved.
Illustratively, during the machining process, the electrical parameters satisfy:
the pulse width is 30-60 mus, the pulse interval is 20-30 mus, the average processing current is 0.8-2A, and the average processing voltage is 30-60V.
Specifically, during machining, the tool electrode 1 is controlled by the machine tool to move eccentrically, and the stainless steel pipe 6 is kept stationary.
The tool electrode 1 is connected with a driving device arranged on a machine tool, the driving device comprises a transmission rod 2, and when in machining, the machine tool controls the transmission rod 2 to swing, so that the tool electrode 1 is driven to do eccentric motion through the transmission rod 2;
specifically, the transmission rod 2 swings clockwise in a swing plane ZY which is parallel to the plane where the discharge end 101 is located, so that the tool electrode 1 eccentrically moves around the central axis of the inner cavity of the stainless steel tube 6.
Illustratively, during the machining process, the non-electrical parameters satisfy:
the swing speed of the driving component is 0.4-0.6 rpm, the processing clearance is 10-50 μm, and the processing speed is 0.02-0.045 g/min.
Therefore, the discharge end 101 of the tool electrode 1 eccentrically moves for a circle around the central axis of the inner cavity of the stainless steel tube 6, so that the machining of the stainless steel tube fracture groove 601 can be completed, the one-time machining in place is realized, and the machining efficiency is obviously improved.
Compared with the prior art, the discharging part of the tool electrode is detachably connected with the conductive part, after electric spark machining, the whole tool electrode does not need to be detached from the universal adjustable fixture for replacement, and the damaged tool electrode can be replaced only by replacing the discharging part, so that the clamping of the tool electrode can be realized without adjusting the universal adjustable fixture again, and the replacement is convenient.
The discharge part consists of a plurality of fan-shaped discharge parts, and after the machining is finished, the fan-shaped discharge parts with damaged parts can be replaced, so that the machining cost increased by integrally replacing the discharge part is avoided; meanwhile, for processing the annular grooves with various shapes, the whole tool electrode does not need to be designed and processed for adapting to the annular grooves, and the electric spark processing of the annular grooves with various shapes can be realized by replacing part of the fan-shaped discharge parts, so that the processing cost of the annular grooves is reduced.
The inclination angle of the tool electrode 1 on the horizontal plane is adjusted through a first adjusting part of the universal adjustable clamp; according to the detection value of the dial indicator and the moving time and speed of the dial indicator, the inclination angle of the tool electrode 1 on the YZ surface of the machine tool is determined, the angle scale value on the first connecting body 18 is compared, the rotation angle adjusting bolt 21 is pushed to corresponding scales, the inclination angle of the tool electrode 1 on the YZ surface of the machine tool can be adjusted in a high-precision mode, the tool electrode 1 is aligned, operation is convenient, and machining efficiency and precision are improved.
During processing, the stainless steel tube 6 with the ultra-long length is placed in the V-shaped grooves in the equal-height positioning blocks 3 and the auxiliary bearing blocks 4, the clamping plate 5 is utilized to limit the upper surface of the stainless steel tube with the ultra-long length, clamping and positioning of the stainless steel tube with the ultra-long length can be achieved, clamping is convenient, and stability of the stainless steel tube 6 with the ultra-long length in the processing process can be guaranteed.
The discharge end 101 of the tool electrode 1 is annular and is sleeved on the outer end face of the ultra-long stainless steel tube 6 to perform eccentric motion, in the process, the distance between the end face of the discharge end 101 and the end face to be processed of the ultra-long stainless steel tube 6 is changed continuously, the closer distance is a working end 102, and the farther distance is a non-working end 103, so that the outer end face of the ultra-long stainless steel tube 6 is subjected to electric spark processing through the working end 102; namely, along the machining direction, the position of the working end 102 is continuously changed on the inner circular end face of the discharge end 101, namely, when the inner circular end face of the discharge end 101 is close to the outer end face of the ultra-long stainless steel tube 6, the end face of the discharge end 101 is the working end 102, when the end face is far away from the outer end face of the ultra-long stainless steel tube 6, the end face is changed into the non-working end 103, and dynamic change between the working end 102 and the non-working end 103 is realized, so that the working end 102 of the tool electrode 1 is prevented from being in a continuous machining state, the loss of the working end 102 of the tool electrode 1 is greatly reduced, the loss of the tool electrode is less than or equal to 1%, and further the deformation of the working end face of the tool electrode 1 is reduced, thereby improving the machining precision of the breaking groove 601 of the ultra-long stainless steel tube.
According to the tool electrode 1, the discharging end 101 of the tool electrode 1 is sleeved on the ultra-long stainless steel pipe 6 to perform eccentric motion, when the tool electrode is machined, the distance between the discharging end 101 and the ultra-long stainless steel pipe 6 is reduced from large to small and then increased from small to large, metal debris is generated between the discharging end 101 and the stainless steel pipe 6 in the process of reducing the distance from large to small, at the moment, part of the metal debris can be discharged along with working liquid through a machining gap, in the process of reducing the distance from small to large, the distance between the discharging end 101 and the stainless steel pipe 6 can be increased by nearly 200 times, the efficiency of discharging the metal debris is remarkably improved, the phenomenon that the metal debris is accumulated at the discharging end 101 due to untimely discharging of the metal debris is avoided, the loss of the tool electrode 1 is reduced, and the risk that the tool electrode 1 is directly connected with the stainless steel pipe 6 through the metal debris to cause short circuit is avoided.
The discharge end 101 of the tool electrode 1 is sleeved on the ultra-long stainless steel pipe 6 to do eccentric motion, so that metal scraps can be efficiently discharged, and further, the electric spark machining can be performed with a small machining gap, so that the machining current and the machining voltage value can be reduced, the machining cost is reduced, and the fracture groove 601 with low surface roughness can be obtained.
The machining of the broken grooves 601 with different wall thicknesses can be realized by adjusting the value of the single-side feeding amount, the machining of the sizes of different oblique angles alpha can be realized by adjusting the shape of the discharge end 101 of the tool electrode 1, and a foundation is laid for the rapid production and the batch production of products.
The discharge end 101 of the tool electrode 1 eccentrically moves for a circle around the central axis of the inner cavity of the ultra-long stainless steel pipe 6, so that the processing of the broken groove 601 of the ultra-long stainless steel pipe can be completed, one-time processing is realized, and the processing efficiency is obviously improved.
Example 1
An assembled electrode for machining an annular groove, comprising: the discharging part is sleeved on the workpiece to be machined and moves eccentrically around the workpiece to be machined to realize the electric spark machining of the annular groove of the workpiece to be machined; wherein, the discharge end of the discharge part is matched with the shape of the annular groove, and the discharge part is detachably connected with the conductive part.
Specifically, the conductive piece comprises a conductive rod, one end of the conductive rod is a conductive end and is clamped on the universal adjustable clamp, and the other end of the conductive rod is electrically connected with the discharging piece.
Specifically, the tool electrode 1 includes 4 limiting plates 27 and a clamping member 28 for fixing the limiting plates 27, and the 4 limiting plates 27 surround a clamping space for fixing and connecting one end of the conductive rod and the discharge member. Wherein one end of the discharge element and one end of the conductive rod are inserted into the clamping space, and the discharge element and the conductive rod are fastened in the clamping space by the clamping element 28, so that the discharge element is connected with the conductive element 25.
Wherein, clamping piece 28 is two arcs, and two arcs laminates in four limiting plate 27's outside, and two arcs pass through bolt fastening connection each other to this, applys pressure to four limiting plate 27, makes four limiting plate 27 extrude towards discharge and conducting rod, and then realizes fastening discharge and conducting rod in the centre gripping space.
The discharge part is of a circular ring-shaped structure, a connecting part is arranged at the upper end of the circular ring-shaped discharge part and is used for being placed in the clamping space and electrically connected with the conducting rod.
Specifically, a complete tool electrode 1 is formed after the discharging part is connected with the conductive part, at this time, one end of the tool electrode 1 is in a ring shape, the inner circle end of the ring is matched with the shape of the breaking groove 601, the other end of the tool electrode 1 is a conductive end 104, and is electrically connected with one output end of a power supply device arranged on a machine tool so as to introduce current and transmit the current to the inner circle end, at this time, the inner circle end is a discharging end 101, and the discharging end 101 is sleeved on the outer end face of the stainless steel tube 6; when the tool electrode 1 eccentrically moves, the distance between the end face of the discharge end 101 and the end face to be machined of the stainless steel tube 6 is continuously changed, the distance is 10-50 μm, namely the working end 102, and the distance greater than 50 μm, namely the non-working end 103, is in a working state. Wherein, the processing tracks of all the working ends 102 together form an ultra-long stainless steel pipe breaking groove 601.
Wherein, the center of the inner circle end of the discharge end 101 of the tool electrode 1 coincides with the central axis of the inner cavity of the stainless steel tube 6, and a margin gap is arranged between the discharge end 101 and the outer end surface of the stainless steel tube 6, wherein the diameter of the end surface of the discharge end 101 is 20mm, which is 10 times of the outer diameter of the stainless steel tube 6, so as to determine the unilateral feeding O 1 O 2 A value of (d); during processing, the tool electrode 1 is driven by the driving component to swing, and at the moment, the discharge end 101 of the tool electrode 1 is in an eccentric motion state around the central axis of the inner cavity of the stainless steel tube 6.
In which the measurement S is carried out by means of an automatic centering module on the machine tool 11 、S 12 、S 13 、S 14 Respectively 2.055mm, 2.060mm, 2.065mm, 2.050mm, in which case S 1 ＝2.058mm。
Wherein S is 2 ＝10μm；H 1 ＝0.5mm，H 2 ＝0.3mm，S 1 =2.058mm, in which case O 1 O 2 ＝2.248mm。
After the center of the discharge end 101 of the tool electrode 1 is adjusted to coincide with the central axis of the inner cavity of the stainless steel tube 6, the tool electrode 1 is in an eccentric motion state under the action of the driving assembly.
The conductive end 104 of the tool electrode 1 is electrically connected with one output end of a power supply device arranged on the machine tool, the stainless steel tube 6 is electrically connected with the other output end of the power supply device, wherein the power supply device comprises a pulse power supply, and the two output ends of the pulse power supply are respectively connected with the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the pulse power supply and used for outputting pulse voltage.
Wherein, in the course of processing, the electrical parameter satisfies:
pulse width 40 μ s, pulse interval 26 μ s, average machining current 1A, and average machining voltage 40V.
Specifically, a transmission rod 2 is further arranged to drive the tool electrode to move; one end of the transmission rod 2 is connected with the tool electrode 1, the other end of the transmission rod 2 is installed on a machine tool, the transmission rod 2 can be controlled to swing through the machine tool, and then the transmission rod 2 drives the discharge end 101 of the tool electrode 1 to do eccentric motion around the central axis of the inner cavity of the stainless steel pipe 6. Wherein the stainless steel pipe 6 is kept in place during the processing.
Wherein, in the course of processing, the non-electric parameter satisfies:
the swing speed of the transmission rod 2 is 0.5rpm, and the machining gap S 2 10 μm, a processing speed of 0.04g/min, a single-side feed O 1 O 2 Is 2.248mm.
Specifically, a universal adjustable clamp is further arranged to clamp and align the tool electrode; the universal adjustable clamp comprises a clamping part, a first adjusting part and a second adjusting part; wherein, the clamping part includes reference base 10 and installs holder 11 on reference base 10, wherein, for the clamping space that is used for mounting tool electrode 1 between holder 11 and the reference base 10 looks proximal surface, during the installation, the upper end of tool electrode 1 is installed in this clamping space, including the fastening screw 12 that is used for adjusting the clamping dynamics to tool electrode 1, this fastening screw 12 spiro union is on holder 11, and its one end sees through holder 11 and lies in the clamping space.
Wherein, the inner end surface of the clamping space connected with the tool electrode 1 is a V-shaped surface, and the angle of the V-shaped surface is 90 degrees.
The first adjusting part comprises a first fixed seat 13 and a second fixed seat 14 which are distributed up and down, the second fixed seat 14 is installed at the lower end of the first fixed seat 13 through four vertical screws 15, and a gap is formed between adjacent surfaces of the first fixed seat 13 and the second fixed seat 14; one end of the vertical screw 15 penetrates through the first fixing seat 13 and the second fixing seat 14, is in threaded connection with the first fixing seat 13 and is in sliding connection with the second fixing seat 14, and a nut is arranged at the bottom of the vertical screw 15 so that the second fixing seat 14 can be limited in the direction perpendicular to the second fixing seat 14 to adjust the inclination angle of the second fixing seat 14 in the horizontal direction through rotating the vertical screw 15.
An insulating plate 16 is fixedly mounted at the lower end of the second fixed seat 14, and the reference seat 10 is fixedly connected with the lower end face of the insulating plate 16.
Wherein, the second adjustment portion includes anchor clamps head 17, first connector 18, second connector 19 and rotor 20, wherein, anchor clamps head 17 is installed on the lathe, first connector 18 and anchor clamps head 17 fixed connection, rotor 20 is located between first connector 18 and the second connector 19, and the upper end of rotor 20 and first connector 18 are rotatable coupling on the horizontal direction, the lower extreme and the second connector 19 of rotor 20 are fixed to meet, the lower extreme of second connector 19 and the top fixed connection of first fixing base 13.
Wherein, the lower end of the first connecting body 18 is provided with a cavity for placing a rotating body 20, the rotating body 20 is placed in the cavity, and the upper end of the rotating body 20 is rotatably mounted on the top wall of the cavity; one end of the rotating body 20 is provided with a corner adjusting bolt 21, one end of the corner adjusting bolt 21 is screwed on the rotating body 20, and the other end of the corner adjusting bolt 21 penetrates through the cavity wall of the first connecting body 18 and is positioned outside the first connecting body 18; a notch 22 is formed in a side end surface of the first coupling body 18 so that the rotation angle adjusting bolt 21 can slide in the notch 22 when the rotating body 20 rotates.
The length direction of the notch 22 is provided with a scale of a rotation angle, so that the angle pushed by the corner adjusting bolt can be accurately controlled, and the alignment precision of the tool electrode on the YZ plane of the machine tool is improved.
The angle beta pushed by the corner adjusting bolt 21 satisfies:
Figure BDA0003972396270000241
wherein, S: taking the discharge end face of the tool electrode 1 as a reference surface, moving a dial indicator in the Y-axis direction of the machine tool, wherein the movement distance of a pointer of the dial indicator is S;
v 1 the speed of the dial indicator moving is shown;
t 1 the time of dial indicator movement.
Specifically, the action assembly comprises a transmission rod 2, one end of the transmission rod 2 is fixedly connected with the reference seat 10, and the transmission rod 2 is parallel to the central line of the discharge end 101 of the tool electrode 1; in the machining process, the other end of the transmission rod 2 is installed on a machine tool so as to move through the machine tool to drive the transmission rod 2 to swing, and then the tool electrode 1 and the universal adjustable fixture are driven to move through the transmission rod 2, so that the discharge end 101 of the tool electrode 1 can eccentrically move around the central axis of the inner cavity of the stainless steel tube 6.
Specifically, a bearing assembly is further arranged to clamp and align the stainless steel tube; the bearing assembly comprises an equal-height positioning block 3 and an auxiliary supporting block 4 which are arranged on a machine tool, so that the stainless steel pipe 6 is placed on the equal-height positioning block 3 and the auxiliary supporting block 4 to clamp the stainless steel pipe 6.
Wherein, two equal-height positioning blocks 3 are arranged, the two equal-height positioning blocks 3 are respectively positioned at two sides of the position to be processed of the stainless steel tube 6, and the distance between the two equal-height positioning blocks 3 is 30mm.
Wherein, be equipped with two auxiliary bearing blocks 4, two equal altitude locating pieces 3 are located between two auxiliary bearing blocks 4 to support, fix a position stainless steel pipe 6's both ends through two auxiliary bearing blocks 4.
Wherein, the upper end faces of the equal-height positioning block 3 and the auxiliary bearing block 4 are flush, the upper end faces of the equal-height positioning block 3 and the auxiliary bearing block 4 are provided with V-shaped grooves, and the stainless steel pipe 6 is placed in the V-shaped grooves to limit the stainless steel pipe 6.
Furthermore, the equal-height positioning blocks 3 are also provided with clamping plates 5, the clamping plates 5 cover the V-shaped grooves and are clamped on the equal-height positioning blocks 3 to limit the stainless steel pipes 6, and the stability of the stainless steel pipes 6 is further improved. Illustratively, the V-groove has an angle of 90 ° and a depth of 10mm.
Before the stainless steel tube 6 is placed on the equal-height positioning block 3, firstly, the tool electrode 1 needs to be centered and aligned, then the stainless steel tube 6 penetrates into the discharge end 101 of the tool electrode 1, finally, the equal-height positioning block 3, the auxiliary bearing block 4 and the clamping plate 5 are used for clamping the stainless steel tube 6, and the stainless steel tube 6 is aligned through the equal-height positioning block 3 and the auxiliary bearing block 4.
Example 2
An assembled electrode for machining an annular groove, which is different from embodiment 1 in that: the discharging part is of a continuous circular structure, the end part of the conducting rod, which is electrically connected with the discharging part, is of a circular structure, the discharging part is detachably arranged on the circular end of the conducting rod, and the inner circle center of the discharging part is coincided with the inner circle center of the circular end of the conducting rod.
The outer circle end part of the discharging piece is a mounting end, a step hole of the conducting rod is provided with a groove 32 for placing the mounting end, the mounting end is clamped in the groove 32, and the discharging piece is electrically connected with the conducting rod through the mounting end;
the circular limiting plate 29 is fixedly mounted on the conducting rod through a bolt, so that the mounting end of the discharging piece is pressed in the groove 32.
The diameter size of the inner circle of the discharge part of the annular structure is smaller than that of the inner circle of the stepped hole of the conducting rod.
Example 3
An assembled electrode for machining an annular groove, which is different from embodiment 1 in that: the discharge part comprises a plurality of fan-shaped discharge parts 30, and the fan-shaped discharge parts 30 form an annular discharge part 26; the end part of the conducting rod electrically connected with the discharging part is of a circular structure, the discharging part is detachably arranged on the circular end of the conducting rod, and the inner circle center of the discharging part is superposed with the inner circle center of the circular end of the conducting rod.
The outer circle end part of the discharging piece is a mounting end, a groove 32 for placing the mounting end is formed in the stepped hole of the conducting rod, the mounting end is clamped in the groove 32, and the discharging piece is electrically connected with the conducting rod through the mounting end;
wherein, a plurality of fan-shaped limiting plates 31 are arranged on the step holes of the conducting rods, and the plurality of fan-shaped limiting plates 31 form the annular limiting plate 29.
The fan-shaped limiting plates 31 are respectively and fixedly mounted on the conductive rods through bolts so as to respectively press the fan-shaped discharge parts 30 on the stepped holes of the conductive rods.
Wherein, the diameter size of the inner circle of the discharge part of the annular structure is smaller than that of the inner circle of the stepped hole of the conducting rod.
Example 4
A processing method of an annular groove comprises the following steps:
step 1: aligning the tool electrode by using a universal adjustable clamp;
specifically, the spatial position of the tool electrode 1 is adjusted by the spatial position of the universally adjustable clamp 5.
The tool electrode 1 is fixed on a universal adjustable fixture 5, a dial indicator is used for aligning the tool electrode 1 to set a reference surface, and the universal adjustable fixture is adjusted to enable the relative position error of the tool electrode 1 and the XYZ axis of the machine tool to be less than or equal to 0.01mm.
Specifically, a reference surface in the XYZ three-dimensional direction is selected on the tool electrode, the gauge heads of the dial gauge are respectively contacted with the reference surface, then the dial gauge is moved, if the pointer on the dial gauge moves 0-10 micrometers, the accuracy meets the requirement, the alignment process is finished, if the pointer on the dial gauge moves more than 10 micrometers, the accuracy does not meet the requirement, the positions of the tool electrode in the three dimensions on the machine tool are correspondingly adjusted by the universal adjustable fixture until the pointer on the dial gauge moves 0-10 micrometers, and therefore alignment of the tool electrode is achieved.
The method comprises the following steps of utilizing a dial indicator to align tool electrodes in three dimensions of XYZ of a machine tool, and after alignment is completed, taking a value of movement of a pointer of the dial indicator in the three dimensions of XYZ as an alignment error, namely a relative position error.
Wherein, in the three directions of the XYZ axes of the machine tool, a small plane can be processed on the tool electrode as a reference plane.
Exemplarily, in the Z-axis direction of the machine tool, the tool electrode is aligned by using a dial indicator; the method comprises the steps of taking the discharge end face of a tool electrode as a reference surface, touching the head of a dial indicator to the horizontal plane of the upper end of a transmission rod, moving the dial indicator up and down, enabling the position of the tool electrode in the Z-axis direction to meet the requirement if the pointer of the dial indicator moves by 0-10 micrometers, adjusting the position of the tool electrode through a first adjusting part of a universal adjustable clamp if the pointer of the dial indicator moves by more than 10 micrometers, and continuously detecting by using the dial indicator after adjustment until the dial indicator moves within 0-10 micrometers.
Wherein, the adjustment process of universal adjustable anchor clamps is as follows:
specifically, a tool electrode is first mounted in a clamping portion, and the tool electrode is pressed by a fastening screw;
then, taking the discharge end face of the tool electrode as a reference surface, enabling a gauge head of the dial indicator to touch the reference surface and move in the Z-axis direction of the machine tool, wherein if a gauge needle of the dial indicator moves by 0-10 mu m, the position of the tool electrode does not need to be adjusted in the front-back direction of the XY surface of the machine tool, and if the gauge needle of the dial indicator moves by more than 10 mu m, the position of the tool electrode needs to be adjusted through the first adjusting part;
in the process of upward movement of the dial indicator, if the pointer moves clockwise, the upper end of the tool electrode inclines towards the reference surface, if the pointer moves anticlockwise, the upper end of the tool electrode inclines towards the opposite direction of the reference surface, and at the moment, the upper and lower space positions of the vertical screws close to the two sides of the discharge end surface are adjusted, so that the tool electrode can be aligned in the front and rear direction of the XY surface of the machine tool.
Wherein the vertical screw at the higher end is rotated clockwise and the vertical screw at the lower end is rotated counterclockwise to align the tool electrode in the front-rear direction of the XY plane of the machine tool.
Then, taking the upper end surface of the second fixed seat as a reference surface, touching the gauge head of the dial indicator to the reference surface, and moving the gauge head in the Y-axis direction of the machine tool, wherein if the gauge needle of the dial indicator moves by 0-10 microns, the position of the tool electrode does not need to be adjusted in the left-right direction of the XY surface of the machine tool, and if the gauge needle of the dial indicator moves by more than 10 microns, the position of the tool electrode needs to be adjusted through the first adjusting part;
the upper end face of the tool electrode is a plane, the plane is parallel to the central line of the discharge end and is connected with the lower end face of the insulating plate, the upper end face of the second fixing seat is parallel to the upper end face of the tool electrode, and therefore the tool electrode can be aligned in the left and right directions of the XY plane of the machine tool by taking the upper end face of the second fixing seat as a reference plane.
Wherein, at the in-process that the amesdial moved to the right, if the pointer clockwise removes, then the right-hand member of second fixing base is on the high side, and at this moment, the adjustable vertical screw that is close to the second fixing base right-hand member makes its clockwise rotation, or adjusts the vertical screw that is close to the second fixing base left end, makes its anticlockwise rotation.
In the process that the dial indicator moves rightwards, if the pointer moves anticlockwise, the left end of the second fixing seat is higher, at the moment, the vertical screw close to the left end of the second fixing seat can be adjusted to rotate clockwise, or the vertical screw close to the right end of the second fixing seat can be adjusted to rotate anticlockwise, and therefore the tool electrode can be aligned in the left and right directions of the XY surface of the machine tool.
Then, taking the discharge end face of the tool electrode as a reference surface, touching the reference surface by a gauge head of the dial indicator, and moving in the Y-axis direction of the machine tool; if the pointer of the dial indicator moves 0-10 mu m, the position of the tool electrode does not need to be adjusted in the YZ plane direction of the machine tool, and if the pointer of the dial indicator moves more than 10 mu m, the position of the tool electrode needs to be adjusted through the second adjusting part;
during the process of moving the dial indicator to the right, if the pointer moves clockwise, the tool electrode tilts in the clockwise direction, at the moment, the rotation angle adjusting bolt anticlockwise rotates, if the pointer moves anticlockwise, the tool electrode tilts in the anticlockwise direction, at the moment, the rotation angle adjusting bolt clockwise rotates.
WhereinAnd controlling the dial indicator to move in the three-dimensional directions of XYZ by using the machine tool, and recording the moving time and speed of the dial indicator so as to obtain the inclination angles of the tool electrode in the three-dimensional directions of XYZ. Wherein, in the YZ plane direction of the machine tool, the tool electrode is aligned by using the dial indicator, and the movement time of the dial indicator is recorded as t 1 Velocity v 1 Clockwise rotation distance of a pointer of the dial indicator is S; if 0 μm<S<10 μm, at this time, the rotation angle adjusting bolt does not need to be adjusted; if S>10 mu m, the corner adjusting bolt needs to be adjusted anticlockwise at the moment, the center of the rotating body is taken as the circle center, and the pushing angle beta of the corner adjusting bolt meets the following requirements:
Figure BDA0003972396270000271
when the corner adjusting bolt needs to be pushed anticlockwise, the corner adjusting bolt is firstly rotated anticlockwise to be movably connected with the first connecting body, then the corner adjusting bolt is pushed anticlockwise, the pushing angle is-beta, in the process, adjustment is carried out according to the scale of the notch of the first connecting body, the tool electrode can be aligned in the YZ plane direction of the machine tool, after alignment is finished, the corner adjusting bolt is rotated clockwise to be tightly pressed on the end face of the first connecting body, and the corner adjusting bolt is prevented from sliding.
Thus, the alignment process of the tool electrode is realized.
Step 2: clamping the stainless steel pipe 6 by using the bearing assembly, and aligning the stainless steel pipe 6;
specifically, firstly, 2 equal-height positioning blocks 3 and 2 auxiliary supporting blocks 4 are fixed on a workbench 9, a dial indicator is utilized to align the side surfaces of the equal-height positioning blocks and the auxiliary supporting blocks to be parallel to the X axis of a machine tool, the machine tool is utilized to adjust the positions of the equal-height positioning blocks 3 and the auxiliary supporting blocks 4, and the error of parallelism is less than or equal to 0.01mm.
Then placing the stainless steel tube 6 on the equal-height positioning blocks 3, penetrating the stainless steel tube 6 through the inner round end at the lower end of the tool electrode 1 before placing, and ensuring that the stainless steel tube 6 is in a horizontal position through the equal-height positioning blocks 3, wherein the distance between 2 equal-height positioning blocks 3 is 30mm;
then, both ends of the stainless steel pipe 6 are placed on the auxiliary support blocks 4, and finally, fixed by the clamping plates 5.
And 3, step 3: the center line of the discharge end 101 of the tool electrode 1 is adjusted by a machine tool to coincide with the central axis of the inner cavity of the stainless steel tube 6;
specifically, the position of the stainless steel tube 6 is adjusted by moving the bearing assembly in the X axis direction by the machine tool, so that the position to be machined of the stainless steel tube 6 is located in the discharge end 101 of the tool electrode 1;
then, measuring S by means of the automatic centering module of the machine tool 11 、S 12 、S 13 、S 14 If the four values are equal or the error is within +/-0.02 mm, the center of the discharge end 101 of the tool electrode 1 is coincided with the central axis of the inner cavity of the stainless steel tube 6, and if the four values are not coincided, the position of the bearing assembly is continuously adjusted through a machine tool until the requirements are met.
And 4, step 4: kerosene and water were used as working liquids, and the stainless steel pipe 6 was subjected to electric discharge machining using the tool electrode 1 in the working liquid.
S101: controlling the discharge end 101 of the tool electrode 1 to eccentrically move around the central axis of the inner cavity of the stainless steel pipe 6;
specifically, the machine tool drives the transmission rod 2 to swing on a YZ plane, and then the transmission rod 2 controls the discharge end 101 of the tool electrode 1 to eccentrically move around the central axis of the inner cavity of the stainless steel tube 6; the direction of eccentric movement 8 is shown in fig. 10.
Wherein the swing speed of the transmission rod 2 is 0.5rpm;
S 11 、S 12 、S 13 、S 14 actual measurement values were 2.055mm, 2.060mm, 2.065mm, and 2.050mm, respectively, at which time S was measured 1 ＝2.058mm；
Machining gap S 2 Is 10 μm;
single side feed O 1 O 2 ＝S 1 +(H 1 -H 2 )-S 2 ＝2.058+(0.5-0.3)-0.01＝2.248mm；
The processing speed was 0.04g/min.
S102: when the tool electrode 1 is eccentrically moved, the tool electrode 1 is energized to perform electric discharge machining.
Specifically, the electrical parameters satisfy:
pulse width 40 μ s, pulse interval 26 μ s, average machining current 1A, and average machining voltage 40V.
Wherein, after processing, change impaired discharge spare to reduce the influence to machining precision.
Therefore, the discharging end of the tool electrode eccentrically moves for a circle around the central axis of the inner cavity of the stainless steel pipe, so that the machining of the stainless steel pipe fracture groove can be completed, the one-time machining in place is realized, and the machining efficiency is obviously improved.
The #01- #10 pieces of ultra-long stainless steel pipes were subjected to the break groove processing by the above processing method, and the processing parameters are shown in table 1 below.
TABLE 1 processing parameters
Figure BDA0003972396270000291
Processing requirements are as follows: the wall thickness of the breaking groove is 0.3 +/-0.05 mm, and the bevel angle alpha is 90 degrees.
The results of the measurements are shown in Table 2 below.
TABLE 2 test results
Figure BDA0003972396270000292
Wherein, the electrode consumption ratio is E/W100%, wherein E is the diameter size variation of the discharge end of the tool electrode, and W is the initial diameter size of the inner circle end of the tool electrode.
As can be seen from table 2, the average value of the groove depth of the breaking groove of 10 stainless steel pipes processed by the method of the present invention is 0.2146mm, the standard deviation is 0.01427, the dispersion coefficient is 0.07, the breaking groove angles are 90 °, the average value of the wall thickness of the breaking groove is 0.299mm, the standard deviation is 0.006681, and the dispersion coefficient is 0.02.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that all or part of the flow of the method implementing the above embodiments may be implemented by a computer program, which is stored in a computer readable storage medium, to instruct related hardware. The computer readable storage medium is a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a read-only memory or a random access memory, etc.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. An assembled electrode for processing a ring-shaped groove is characterized in that: the electric discharge machining device comprises a conductive piece and a discharge piece electrically connected with the conductive piece, wherein the discharge piece is sleeved on a workpiece to be machined and surrounds the workpiece to be machined to perform eccentric motion so as to realize electric discharge machining of an annular groove of the workpiece to be machined;
the discharge end of the discharge piece is matched with the annular groove in shape, and the discharge piece is detachably connected with the conductive piece.
2. The electrode of claim 1, wherein: the conductive piece comprises a conductive rod, one end of the conductive rod is a conductive end and is clamped on the universal adjustable clamp, and the other end of the conductive rod is electrically connected with the discharging piece.
3. The electrode of claim 2, wherein: the electrode comprises a plurality of limiting plates and clamping pieces used for fixing the limiting plates, and the limiting plates surround a clamping space used for fixing and connecting one end of the conducting rod and the discharging pieces.
4. The electrode of claim 2, wherein: the discharging part is of a circular ring-shaped structure, one end of the conducting rod is provided with a step hole coaxial with the discharging part, and the discharging part is detachably and coaxially arranged in the step hole of the conducting rod.
5. The electrode of claim 2, wherein: the cylindrical end part of the discharge piece is a mounting end, one end of the conducting rod is a circular end part, a step through hole-shaped groove for placing the mounting end is formed in the circular end part, the mounting end is clamped in the groove, and the discharge piece is electrically connected with the conducting rod through the mounting end;
the annular limiting plate is fixedly arranged on the conducting rod through a bolt so as to tightly press the mounting end of the discharging piece in the groove.
6. The electrode of claim 5, wherein: the discharge part is of a continuous annular structure, and the diameter size of the inner circle of the discharge part of the annular structure is smaller than that of the inner circle of the annular end part of the conducting rod.
7. The electrode of claim 5, wherein: the discharge part comprises a plurality of fan-shaped discharge parts, and the fan-shaped discharge parts form the circular discharge part;
wherein the fan-shaped discharge parts are electrically connected with each other;
the diameter size of the inner circle of the discharging piece is smaller than that of the inner circle of the circular end part of the conducting rod.
8. The electrode of claim 7, wherein: the annular limiting plate comprises a plurality of fan-shaped limiting plates, and the fan-shaped limiting plates form the annular limiting plate;
the fan-shaped limiting plates are respectively used for pressing the fan-shaped discharge parts on the circular end parts of the conducting rods.
9. The electrode of claim 1, wherein: the discharging part comprises a plurality of electric spark machining point positions which are arranged around the circumferential direction of the workpiece to be machined;
the method comprises the following steps that during the process that a discharging piece surrounds a workpiece to be machined to perform eccentric motion electric spark machining, the same electric spark machining point comprises a working state and a non-working state;
and processing the annular groove on the surface to be processed by the working state of the plurality of electric spark processing point positions arranged around the circumferential direction of the workpiece to be processed.
10. A processing method of an annular groove is characterized in that: comprising the electro-discharge machining of an annular groove of a workpiece to be machined with an electrode according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
CN202211529745.8A 2022-11-30 2022-11-30 Assembled electrode for machining annular groove and annular groove machining method Pending CN115770912A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN116786920A (en) * 2023-08-28 2023-09-22 赫比(成都)精密塑胶制品有限公司 Electric spark machining method and machining equipment

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN116786920A (en) * 2023-08-28 2023-09-22 赫比(成都)精密塑胶制品有限公司 Electric spark machining method and machining equipment
CN116786920B (en) * 2023-08-28 2023-11-28 赫比(成都)精密塑胶制品有限公司 Electric spark machining method and machining equipment

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