CN115769785B - Method for rapidly screening cassava tetranychus cinnabarinus resistant germplasm - Google Patents
Method for rapidly screening cassava tetranychus cinnabarinus resistant germplasm Download PDFInfo
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- 235000016735 Manihot esculenta subsp esculenta Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 144
- 241000344246 Tetranychus cinnabarinus Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 241000658379 Manihot esculenta subsp. esculenta Species 0.000 title 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for rapidly screening a resistance germplasm of a cassava tetranychus cinnabarinus, which relates to the technical field of crop breeding and comprises the following steps: the outer wall of one side of the bottom box is fixedly provided with a vertical plate, and universal wheels are arranged at the corner positions of the bottom end of the bottom box; the interval-adjustable wind speed simulation assembly is mounted on the outer wall of the bottom box and comprises a wind power supply assembly, a rotary driving assembly and a transfer transmission assembly, and the wind power supply assembly is mounted on the outer wall of the vertical plate. According to the method, drought extreme weather is simulated from multiple aspects, a systematic objective external environment is provided for the resistance breeding of the cassava against the tetranychus cinnabarinus, errors caused by artificial subjective factors and external environment factors are reduced, the efficiency of the cassava variety breeding is improved, the overlong breeding period of new varieties caused by the excessively low grading requirements is avoided, and the reliability of the mite resistance identification result of the cassava variety obtained in the later stage is ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of crop breeding, in particular to a method for rapidly screening a resistance germplasm of a tetranychus cinnabarinus.
Background
The cassava is a crop of the genus cassava of the family Euphorbiaceae, and is grown underground to obtain a tuber rich in starch, so that higher biomass can be obtained, the tuber is called as pioneer crop and barren crop, and the tuber is one of three tuber crops in the world, and is one of seven crops with annual yield of more than one hundred million tons, and is mainly distributed in tropical and subtropical areas such as Guangxi, guangdong, hainan, yunnan and Fujian in China. The Guangxi is the largest cassava production and processing base in China, the cassava planting area and the cassava yield are more than 60% of the whole country, and the suitable cassava planting area is the tropical area and the partial subtropical area, so that the conditions of light, heat, moisture and the like are excellent, the biological diversity is rich, and the occurrence and the harm of various diseases, insects (mites) and grass are very facilitated. Tetranychus cinnabarinus is the most widely-occurring pest mite on cassava, and each large cassava producing area is distributed, and the female mites are oval, rust red or dark red. The two sides of the male mite body are respectively provided with 1 long part which is sometimes divided into two parts, namely a front part and a rear part. The mites are clustered on the backs of the cassava leaves to absorb juice, and the initial page is a small green fading point and turns to be off-white; when serious, the leaf is withered and yellow like a fire, which causes early leaf fall or premature senility of plants. The tetranychus cinnabarinus is one of 4 most serious harmful organisms commonly occurring in cassava planting areas in the world, and the tetranychus cinnabarinus mainly colonizes on the back of cassava leaves and on the two sides of veins to cause the harm of piercing and sucking juice, so that the yield of the cassava can be reduced by 20% -70%, and the cassava can be prevented from being received when the harm is serious; and after 3 months of cassava planting, carrying out artificial drought conditions and 15-30 days of drought, and carrying out cassava tetranychus cinnabarinus resistant germplasm screening.
In the process, in order to research the resistant germplasm of the cassava tetranychus cinnabarinus, a field observation mode is needed, but the method is greatly influenced by external environmental factors, such as soil fertility, grasses (the soil humidity is influenced, weeds around the field can be the hosts of the cassava tetranychus cinnabarinus), the previous year mite injury condition, whether the continuous drought extreme weather exists or not, the time of the fertilization time is far from the continuous drought weather (the weather of 7 days or more), and the like, because the row spacing of the cassava plants is large (generally 0.8m & lt 1 & gt), the same area is difficult to unify the factors, the screening period of the resistant germplasm of the cassava tetranychus cinnabarinus is long, and only a few extreme weather years can evaluate the resistance of the tetranychus cinnabarinus, so that the resistant cassava germplasm is not easy to screen in a short time, and the resistant breeding process of the cassava tetranychus cinnabarinus is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for rapidly screening the resistant germplasm of the Tetranychus cinnabarinus, which is used for artificially manufacturing and simulating short drought extreme weather so as to solve the problems in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: the invention also provides a method for rapidly screening the cassava tetranychus cinnabarinus resistant germplasm device, which comprises the following steps:
S101: filling soil in a cassava pot body, wherein the soil is cassava field cultivation layer soil plus 0.5 kg/pot plus 18-16-17 Sjog fertilizer 5 g/pot, planting a reference plant in the soil, and then moving the device to an outdoor environment;
S102: a worker fixes a plurality of groups of cassava potting bodies planted with cassava on the rotary soaking component by utilizing the cassava potting positioning component;
s103: after the cassava potting main body is fully arranged on the device, a worker simulates an external drought environment through the interval-adjustable wind speed simulation assembly, the rotary soaking assembly and the drying simulation assembly;
S104: fifteen to twenty days of drought of the cassava, the temperature is required to reach more than thirty ℃ to enable the cassava to be close to a field environment for planting, when the disease of the disease-sensitive cassava variety reaches a 'feel' level, the disease-sensitive rate is observed and counted, the 'mite damage index' is calculated, and the disease-resistant level of the cassava germplasm is evaluated according to the mite damage index;
s105: if the external weather reaches drought and high temperature (more than 30 ℃), the manufacturing of short drought extreme weather is stopped manually, and when overcast weather appears, the device is moved into the device and is continuously observed, or a simple canopy is built nearby the device, and cultivation is always carried out outdoors;
s106: after the cultivation time is over, the personnel count the mite damage index and then eliminate the single plants with high sense, sense and middle sense, and reserve the cassava germplasm above the middle resistance (containing the middle resistance), thereby completing the resistance screening work of the cassava germplasm on tetranychus cinnabarinus.
A germplasm device comprising: the device comprises a bottom box and universal wheels, wherein a vertical plate is fixed on the outer wall of one side of the bottom box;
The interval-adjustable wind speed simulation assembly is arranged on the outer wall of the bottom box and comprises a wind power supply assembly, a rotary driving assembly and a transfer transmission assembly, wherein the wind power supply assembly is arranged on the outer wall of the vertical plate, and the rotary driving assembly and the transfer transmission assembly are respectively arranged on the outer walls of two sides of the bottom box;
The I-shaped bracket is arranged at the top end of the transfer transmission assembly, a main tray is fixed at the top end of the I-shaped bracket, a drying simulation assembly is arranged at the center position of the top end of the main tray, and the drying simulation assembly comprises a heat preservation supporting piece, a heating unit and a temperature sensor;
The rotary soaking component is arranged at the top end of the main tray and comprises a rotary power structure and a plurality of groups of rotary transmission structures, and the plurality of groups of rotary transmission structures are uniformly distributed at the outer edge of the drying simulation component;
the cassava positioning component cultivated in a pot, the cassava positioning component cultivated in a pot is arranged at the top end of the inner rotary transmission structure, the cassava main body cultivated in a pot is arranged in the cassava positioning component cultivated in a pot, the cassava positioning component cultivated in a pot comprises a fixed structure and an elastic clamping structure, and a PLC control panel is arranged on the outer wall of one side of the vertical plate.
Preferably, the wind power supply assembly is an arc-shaped holding plate and an axial flow fan, the arc-shaped holding plates are provided with two groups, the two groups of arc-shaped holding plates are fixed on two sides of the inside of the vertical plate, the axial flow fan is installed between the two groups of arc-shaped holding plates, and the air outlet end of the axial flow fan faces the drying simulation assembly.
Preferably, the transfer transmission assembly is a screw transfer structure and a transverse guide unit, the screw transfer structure is a ball screw which is rotatably mounted on the outer wall of the bottom box, inverted U-shaped frames are mounted on screw thread positions on two sides of the surface of the ball screw through nut pairs, rectangular plates are fixed between the inverted U-shaped frames, the top ends of the inverted U-shaped frames are fixedly connected with the bottom ends of the I-shaped brackets, the transverse guide unit comprises a linear rail fixed on the outer wall of the bottom box on one side of the ball screw, sliding sleeves corresponding to the positions of the two groups of inverted U-shaped frames are mounted on the surface of the linear rail in a sliding manner, connecting pieces are fixed on the surfaces of the sliding sleeves, and the top ends of the connecting pieces are fixedly connected with the bottom ends of the inverted U-shaped frames.
Preferably, the rotary driving assembly is a servo motor and a synchronous belt transmission structure, the servo motor is arranged on the inner wall of the interval-adjustable wind speed simulation assembly, the rotating end of the interval-adjustable wind speed simulation assembly extends to the outside of the bottom box, the synchronous belt transmission structure is a driving belt wheel arranged at the rotating end of the interval-adjustable wind speed simulation assembly and a driven belt wheel arranged at the top end of the ball screw, a belt is wound between the driving belt wheel and the driven belt wheel, and the input end of the servo motor is electrically connected with the output end of the PLC control panel.
Preferably, the heat preservation support piece is a hollow cylinder, a heat dissipation hole, a heat preservation inner sleeve and an annular flange, the hollow cylinder is fixed at the center position of the top end of the main tray, equidistant heat dissipation holes are uniformly formed in the outer peripheral surface of the hollow cylinder, the heat preservation inner sleeve is fixed at the bottom of the hollow cylinder, the annular flange is fixed at one end inside the cover Wen Natao, and the temperature sensor is mounted at one side of the bottom end of the annular flange.
Preferably, the heating unit is an electric heating pipe arranged at the center of the bottom of the hollow cylinder, the top end of the electric heating pipe extends to the outside of the annular flange and the heat insulation inner sleeve, the heating unit further comprises a second fan arranged at the top of the hollow cylinder, and the input ends of the electric heating pipe, the second fan and the temperature sensor are electrically connected with the output end of the PLC control panel.
Preferably, the rotary power structure comprises an outer gear ring, an inner gear ring, a motor frame, a transmission main shaft, a driving gear and a gear motor, wherein the outer gear ring is rotatably arranged at the top end of the main tray, the inner gear ring is fixed on the inner annular wall of the outer gear ring, the motor frame is fixed on the outer wall of one side of the I-shaped bracket, the gear motor is arranged at the bottom end of the motor frame, the input end of the gear motor is electrically connected with the output end of the PLC control panel, the transmission main shaft is arranged at the rotating end of the gear motor, the top end of the transmission main shaft extends to the outside of the motor frame, the driving gear is fixed at the top end of the transmission main shaft, and the driving gear and the outer gear ring are meshed with each other.
Preferably, the internal rotation transmission structure is provided with four groups, the internal rotation transmission structure comprises a vertical shaft, a driven gear and a secondary turntable, the vertical shaft is rotatably arranged at the top end of the main tray, the driven gear is fixed at one side of the surface of the vertical shaft, the secondary turntable is fixed at the top end of the vertical shaft, and the cassava potting positioning assembly is arranged at the top end of the secondary turntable.
Preferably, the fixed knot constructs for bottom plate and two sets of vice right angle location baffle, the top at vice carousel is fixed to the bottom plate, two sets of vice right angle location baffle is fixed in one side on bottom plate top, two sets of vice right angle location baffle is symmetrical structure about the central line of bottom plate, elasticity clamping structure is including fixing at bottom plate top fixing base to and slidable mounting is at the sliding seat on bottom plate top, sliding seat and fixing base pass through elastic director interconnect, all be fixed with main right angle location baffle on the both sides outer wall of sliding seat, elastic director is slide bar and torsion spring, the slide bar is fixed on the outer wall of sliding seat one side, the one end that the sliding seat was kept away from to the slide bar extends to the outside of fixing base, one side winding on slide bar surface has torsion spring.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the method for rapidly screening the resistance germplasm of the cassava tetranychus cinnabarinus simulates drought extreme weather from multiple aspects, provides a systematic objective external environment for the resistance breeding of the cassava tetranychus cinnabarinus, reduces errors caused by artificial subjective factors and external environment factors, improves the efficiency of the breeding of the cassava varieties, avoids overlong breeding period caused by excessively low grading requirements, and ensures the reliability of the mite resistance identification result of the cassava germplasm obtained in the later period;
(1) Through the structure of mutual coordination of the interval-adjustable wind speed simulation assembly, the drying simulation assembly and the like, a worker simulates an external drought environment through the interval-adjustable wind speed simulation assembly, the rotary soaking assembly and the drying simulation assembly, so that the worker is close to the field environment for planting, when a disease-sensitive cassava variety (contrast) is in a 'feel' level, the disease-sensitive rate is observed and counted, the 'mite damage index' is calculated, drought extreme weather is simulated from multiple aspects, a system objective external environment is provided for resistance breeding of the cassava to tetranychus cinnabarinus, errors caused by artificial subjective factors and external environment factors are reduced, and the efficiency of cassava resistance germplasm screening and resistance breeding is improved;
(2) Through being provided with the structure that mutually supports such as cassava cultivated in a pot locating component and I bracket, in dry simulation subassembly simulation temperature in-process, the staff opens rotatory soaking component, utilize rotatory soaking component to rotate multiunit cassava cultivated in a pot main part, avoid the cassava plant to appear the phenomenon of chapping, dry out with the contact surface of hollow section of thick bamboo, namely the staff opens gear motor through PLC control panel, gear motor drives transmission main shaft in proper order, driving gear and outer ring rotation, because the ring gear is fixed on the inner wall of outer ring gear, and then ring gear drive driven gear and vertical scroll rotate, thereby utilize the vice carousel of vertical scroll drive, cassava cultivated in a pot locating component and fixed cassava cultivated in a pot main part to revolve, thereby make each face of cassava plant can all with dry simulation subassembly contact, avoid the survival rate of cassava plant, ensure the reliability of the mite resistance identification result and the excellent resistance strain screening result of cassava species that later stage obtains.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a front view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic side view of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic top view of the I-shaped bracket of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic top view of the cassava potting positioning assembly of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged schematic view of the structure of FIG. 2B according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a drought simulation assembly of the present invention in a front view;
FIG. 7 is an enlarged schematic view of the structure of FIG. 1A according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic perspective view of an I-shaped bracket according to the present invention;
In the figure: 1. a bottom box; 101. a universal wheel; 2. a vertical plate; 3. a PLC control panel; 4. the interval-adjustable wind speed simulation assembly; 401. arc-shaped holding plates; 402. an axial flow fan; 403. a linear rail; 404. a sliding sleeve; 405. a connecting sheet; 406. a ball screw; 407. an inverted U-shaped frame; 408. a rectangular plate; 409. a synchronous belt transmission structure; 410. a servo motor; 5. an i-shaped bracket; 501. a master tray; 502. an outer toothed ring; 503. an inner gear ring; 504. a vertical shaft; 505. a driven gear; 506. an auxiliary turntable; 507. a motor frame; 508. a transmission main shaft; 509. a drive gear; 510. a speed reducing motor; 6. a cassava potting positioning component; 601. a bottom plate; 602. a fixing seat; 603. a slide bar; 604. a sliding seat; 605. a torsion spring; 606. a main right angle positioning baffle; 607. an auxiliary right-angle positioning baffle; 7. a cassava potting body; 8. drying the simulation component; 801. a hollow cylinder; 802. a heat radiation hole; 803. a thermal insulation inner sleeve; 804. an annular flange; 805. a temperature sensor; 806. an electric heating tube; 807. and a second fan.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The method for rapidly screening the resistance germplasm of the Tetranychus cinnabarinus comprises the following steps:
s101: filling the cassava pot body 7 with soil, wherein the soil is cassava field cultivation layer soil plus 0.5 kg/pot plus 18-16-17 Sjog fertilizer 5 g/pot, planting a reference plant in the soil, and then moving the device to an outdoor environment;
S102: a worker fixes a plurality of groups of cassava potting main bodies 7 planted with cassava on the rotary soaking component by utilizing the cassava potting positioning component 6;
S103: after the cassava potting main body 7 is fully arranged on the device, a worker simulates an external drought environment through the interval-adjustable wind speed simulation assembly 4, the rotary soaking assembly and the drying simulation assembly 8;
s104: fifteen to twenty days of drought of cassava, the temperature is required to reach more than thirty ℃ to enable the cassava to be planted near a field environment, the disease-sensing grade of the disease-sensing cassava variety is observed, the disease-sensing rate is counted, the mite damage index is calculated, and the disease-resistant grade of the cassava germplasm is evaluated according to the mite damage index;
S105: if the external weather reaches drought temperature, artificially stopping manufacturing short drought extreme weather, and when overcast weather appears, moving the device into the device and continuously observing, or building a simple canopy near the device, and cultivating all the time outdoors;
S106: after the cultivation time is over, the personnel count the mite damage index and then eliminate the single plants with high sense, sense and middle sense, and the cassava germplasm above the middle resistance is reserved, so that the screening work of the resistance of the cassava germplasm to tetranychus cinnabarinus is completed.
The first embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 to 8, comprises a bottom case 1 and a universal wheel 101, wherein a vertical plate 2 is fixed on the outer wall of one side of the bottom case 1;
The space-adjustable wind speed simulation assembly 4 is arranged on the outer wall of the bottom box 1, the space-adjustable wind speed simulation assembly 4 comprises a wind power supply assembly, a rotary driving assembly and a transfer transmission assembly, the wind power supply assembly is arranged on the outer wall of the vertical plate 2, and the rotary driving assembly and the transfer transmission assembly are respectively arranged on the outer walls of the two sides of the bottom box 1;
the wind power supply assembly comprises an arc holding plate 401 and an axial flow fan 402, wherein the arc holding plate 401 is provided with two groups, the two groups of arc holding plates 401 are fixed on two sides of the inside of the vertical plate 2, the axial flow fan 402 is arranged between the two groups of arc holding plates 401, and the air outlet end of the axial flow fan 402 faces the drying simulation assembly 8;
The I-shaped bracket 5 is arranged at the top end of the transfer transmission component, the top end of the I-shaped bracket 5 is fixedly provided with a main tray 501, a drying simulation component 8 is arranged at the center position of the top end of the main tray 501, and the drying simulation component 8 comprises a heat preservation supporting piece, a heating unit and a temperature sensor 805;
the heat-insulating support piece is a hollow cylinder 801, a heat-radiating hole 802, a heat-insulating inner sleeve 803 and an annular flange 804, the hollow cylinder 801 is fixed at the center position of the top end of the main tray 501, the heat-radiating holes 802 are uniformly formed in the outer peripheral surface of the hollow cylinder 801, the heat-insulating inner sleeve 803 is fixed at the bottom of the hollow cylinder 801, and the heat-insulating inner sleeve 803 plays a role in heat insulation;
The annular flange 804 is fixed at one end in the interior of the Wen Natao 803, the temperature sensor 805 is arranged at one side of the bottom end of the annular flange 804, and the temperature sensor 805 plays a role in detecting the temperature in the hollow barrel 801;
the heating unit is an electric heating pipe 806 arranged at the central position of the bottom of the hollow cylinder 801, the top end of the electric heating pipe 806 extends to the outside of the annular flange 804 and the heat insulation inner sleeve 803, the heating unit further comprises a second fan 807 arranged at the top of the hollow cylinder 801, the input ends of the electric heating pipe 806, the second fan 807 and the temperature sensor 805 are electrically connected with the output end of the PLC control panel 3, and a worker starts the drying simulation assembly 8 to work through the PLC control panel 3, namely, the PLC control panel 3 starts the electric heating pipe 806 to heat and starts the second fan 807 to blow;
The second fan 807 blows the heated dry air in the hollow cylinder 801 out of the heat radiation holes 802, namely, the dry hot air is uniformly diffused at the cassava potting main body 7 around the drying simulation assembly 8, and the environment near the cassava potting main body 7 is heated and the air humidity is reduced by the drying simulation assembly 8 so as to simulate drought environment;
The rotary soaking component is arranged at the top end of the main tray 501 and comprises a rotary power structure and a plurality of groups of rotary transmission structures, and the plurality of groups of rotary transmission structures are uniformly distributed at the outer edge of the drying simulation component 8;
the cassava potting positioning assembly 6 is arranged at the top end of the inner rotary transmission structure, a cassava potting main body 7 is arranged in the cassava potting positioning assembly 6, soil is filled in the cassava potting main body 7, the soil is cassava field cultivation layer soil plus organic fertilizer of 0.5 kg/basin plus 18-16-17 Schdanish compound fertilizer of 5 g/basin, and a reference plant is planted in the soil;
a worker fixes a plurality of groups of cassava potting main bodies 7 planted with cassava on the rotary soaking component by utilizing the cassava potting positioning component 6;
The cassava potting positioning assembly 6 comprises a fixed structure and an elastic clamping structure, a PLC control panel 3 is arranged on the outer wall of one side of the vertical plate 2, and after the cassava potting main body 7 is fully arranged on the device, workers simulate external drought environments through the interval-adjustable wind speed simulation assembly 4, the rotary soaking assembly and the drying simulation assembly 8;
Fifteen to twenty days of drought of the cassava, the temperature of the cassava is required to reach more than thirty ℃ to enable the cassava to be close to a field environment for planting, when the disease of the disease-sensitive cassava variety reaches a 'feel' level, the disease-sensitive rate is observed and counted, the 'mite damage index' is calculated, and the disease resistance level of the cassava germplasm is evaluated according to the mite damage index. If the external weather reaches drought and high temperature (the air temperature reaches more than thirty ℃), the manufacturing of short drought extreme weather is stopped manually, when overcast weather appears, the device is moved into the room and is continuously observed, or a simple canopy is built near the device, the cultivation is always carried out outdoors, after the cultivation time is finished, the staff calculates mite damage indexes, then eliminates the cassava germplasm with high sense, sense and sense, and retains the single plant with more than medium resistance (including medium resistance), and then the screening work of the resistance of the cassava germplasm to tetranychus cinnabarinus is completed;
The staff opens the axial flow fan 402 through the PLC control panel 3 to work, utilizes the axial flow fan 402 to blow to the cassava pot body 7 all around for simulating external wind power environment, thereby simulate drought extreme weather from many aspects, provide the objective external environment of system for the resistance breeding of cassava to tetranychus cinnabarinus, reduce the error that artificial subjective factor and external environment factor caused, improve the efficiency of cassava tetranychus cinnabarinus resistance germplasm screening and resistance variety breeding, avoid the breeding cycle overlength that the classification requirement caused excessively low, guarantee the reliability of the mite resistance identification result of cassava germplasm that obtains later stage.
In the second embodiment, based on the first embodiment, as shown in fig. 1,2, 4 and 5, the fixing structure is a bottom plate 601 and two sets of auxiliary right-angle positioning baffles 607, the bottom plate 601 is fixed at the top end of the auxiliary turntable 506, the two sets of auxiliary right-angle positioning baffles 607 are fixed at one side of the top end of the bottom plate 601, and the two sets of auxiliary right-angle positioning baffles 607 are symmetrical about the central line of the bottom plate 601;
The elastic clamping structure comprises a fixed seat 602 fixed at the top end of the bottom plate 601 and a sliding seat 604 slidably arranged at the top end of the bottom plate 601, the sliding seat 604 and the fixed seat 602 are connected with each other through elastic guides, main right angle positioning baffles 606 are fixed on the outer walls of the two sides of the sliding seat 604, the elastic guides are a sliding rod 603 and a torsion spring 605, a worker manually pulls the sliding rod 603, the sliding rod 603 drives the sliding seat 604 and the main right angle positioning baffles 606 to slide on the upper surface of the bottom plate 601, the main right angle positioning baffles 606 and the auxiliary right angle positioning baffles 607 are gradually far away, and the torsion spring 605 is in a compressed state until the torsion spring 605 is compressed to a limit position;
the sliding rod 603 is fixed on the outer wall of one side of the sliding seat 604, one end of the sliding rod 603 far away from the sliding seat 604 extends to the outside of the fixed seat 602, and a torsion spring 605 is wound on one side of the surface of the sliding rod 603;
The staff places the cassava potted body 7 on main right angle positioning baffle 606, puts stably the back, unclamps slide bar 603 for torsion spring 605 promotes sliding seat 604 by oneself, main right angle positioning baffle 606 remove towards the direction of vice right angle positioning baffle 607, and then fixes the cassava potted body 7 by main right angle positioning baffle 606, vice right angle positioning baffle 607, avoids cassava potted body 7 to appear rocking at follow-up operation in-process unstable phenomenon.
In the third embodiment, based on the first embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the transfer transmission component is a screw rod transfer structure and a transverse guiding unit, the screw rod transfer structure is a ball screw rod 406 rotatably installed on the outer wall of the bottom box 1, inverted U-shaped frames 407 are installed at two side threads on the surface of the ball screw rod 406 through nut pairs, rectangular plates 408 are fixed between the two groups of inverted U-shaped frames 407, the top ends of the inverted U-shaped frames 407 are fixedly connected with the bottom ends of the i-shaped brackets 5, the transverse guiding unit comprises a linear rail 403 fixed on the outer wall of the bottom box 1 on one side of the ball screw rod 406, a sliding sleeve 404 corresponding to the positions of the two groups of inverted U-shaped frames 407 is slidably installed on the surface of the linear rail 403, a connecting sheet 405 is fixed on the surface of the sliding sleeve 404, the top ends of the connecting sheet 405 are fixedly connected with the bottom ends of the inverted U-shaped frames 407, the transfer stability of the inverted U-shaped frames 407 is improved through the sliding sleeve 404 and the linear rail 403, and the transfer shaking of the cassava potting main body 7 is reduced;
The rotary driving assembly is a servo motor 410 and a synchronous belt transmission structure 409, the servo motor 410 is arranged on the inner wall of the interval-adjustable wind speed simulation assembly 4, the rotating end of the interval-adjustable wind speed simulation assembly 4 extends to the outside of the bottom box 1, the synchronous belt transmission structure 409 is a driving belt pulley arranged at the rotating end of the interval-adjustable wind speed simulation assembly 4 and a driven belt pulley arranged at the top end of the ball screw 406, a belt is wound between the driving belt pulley and the driven belt pulley, and the input end of the servo motor 410 is electrically connected with the output end of the PLC control panel 3;
The ball screw 406 is driven to rotate through the servo motor 410 and the synchronous belt transmission structure 409, and the inverted U-shaped frame 407, the connecting sheet 405 and the sliding sleeve 404 are driven to horizontally move by the ball screw 406, so that the space between the cassava potting main body 7 and the axial flow fan 402 is debugged, and the cassava potting main body 7 and plants obtain larger external simulated wind power.
In the fourth embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, 2, 3, 7 and 8, the rotary power structure includes an outer gear ring 502, an inner gear ring 503, a motor frame 507, a transmission main shaft 508, a driving gear 509 and a gear motor 510, the outer gear ring 502 is rotatably installed at the top end of the main tray 501, the inner gear ring 503 is fixed on the inner annular wall of the outer gear ring 502, and the motor frame 507 is fixed on the outer wall of one side of the i-shaped bracket 5;
in the process of simulating air temperature by the drying simulation assembly 8, a worker starts a rotary soaking assembly, and rotates a plurality of groups of cassava potting main bodies 7 by using the rotary soaking assembly, so that the phenomenon of cracking and drying up of the contact surface of the cassava plants and the hollow barrel 801 is avoided;
A gear motor 510 is arranged at the bottom end of the motor frame 507, the input end of the gear motor 510 is electrically connected with the output end of the PLC control panel 3, a transmission main shaft 508 is arranged at the rotating end of the gear motor 510, the top end of the transmission main shaft 508 extends to the outside of the motor frame 507, a driving gear 509 is fixed at the top end of the transmission main shaft 508, and the driving gear 509 and the external gear ring 502 are meshed with each other;
The operator starts a speed reducing motor 510 through the PLC control panel 3, and the speed reducing motor 510 sequentially drives a transmission main shaft 508, a driving gear 509 and an external gear ring 502 to rotate;
The internal rotation transmission structure is provided with four groups and comprises a vertical shaft 504, a driven gear 505 and a secondary turntable 506, the vertical shaft 504 is rotatably arranged at the top end of the main tray 501, the driven gear 505 is fixed at one side of the surface of the vertical shaft 504, the secondary turntable 506 is fixed at the top end of the vertical shaft 504, and the cassava potting positioning component 6 is arranged at the top end of the secondary turntable 506;
Because the inner gear ring 503 is fixed on the inner wall of the outer gear ring 502, the inner gear ring 503 drives the driven gear 505 and the vertical shaft 504 to rotate, thereby utilizing the vertical shaft 504 to drive the auxiliary turntable 506, the cassava potting positioning component 6 and the fixed cassava potting main body 7 to rotate, each side of the cassava plant can be contacted with the drying simulation component 8, the phenomenon of single-sided drying of the cassava plant is avoided, the survival rate of the cassava plant is ensured, and the reliability of the mite resistance identification result and the excellent resistance strain screening result of the cassava germplasm obtained in the later period is ensured.
When the embodiment of the application is used, soil is filled in the cassava potting main body 7, the soil is 0.5 kg/pot of cassava field cultivation layer soil plus organic fertilizer plus 5 g/pot of 18-16-17 Schdanli compound fertilizer, a reference plant is planted in the soil, then the device is moved to an outdoor environment, and a plurality of groups of cassava potting main bodies 7 planted with cassava are fixed on a rotary soaking component by workers through the cassava potting positioning component 6;
After the cassava potting main body 7 is fully arranged on the device, workers simulate an external drought environment through the interval-adjustable wind speed simulation assembly 4, the rotary soaking assembly and the drying simulation assembly 8, the cassava is drought for fifteen to twenty days, the air temperature is more than thirty ℃ to enable the cassava to be close to the field environment for planting, when the disease-sensing cassava variety is in a 'sense' level, the disease-sensing rate is observed and counted, the 'mite damage index' is calculated, and the disease-resistant level of the cassava variety is evaluated according to the mite damage index. If the external weather reaches drought temperature in the process, artificially stopping manufacturing short drought extreme weather, moving the device into the device and continuously observing the device when overcast weather appears, or building a simple canopy near the device, always cultivating the device outdoors, after the cultivation time is over, eliminating the cassava germplasm with 'high sense', 'sense' and 'sense of middle', retaining the cassava germplasm with 'sense of middle' and more than 'sense of middle', and further finishing the screening work of the resistance of the cassava germplasm to tetranychus cinnabarinus;
The staff opens the dry simulation assembly 8 through the PLC control panel 3 to work, namely, the PLC control panel 3 opens the electric heating pipe 806 to heat, and opens the second fan 807 to blow air, the in-process heat preservation endotheca 803 plays the heat preservation effect, the temperature sensor 805 plays the effect of detecting the inside temperature of the hollow barrel 801, at this moment, the second fan 807 blows out the dry air heated in the hollow barrel 801 from the cooling hole 802, namely, the dry hot air evenly spreads at the cassava potting body 7 around the dry simulation assembly 8, the environment near the cassava potting body 7 is warmed up and the air humidity is reduced by utilizing the dry simulation assembly 8, and the staff simultaneously opens the axial flow fan 402 to blow air around the cassava potting body 7 through the PLC control panel 3, and the axial flow fan 402 is used for simulating the outside wind power environment, thereby simulating drought extreme from multiple aspects, provide the objective external environment of the system for the cassava to the resistance breeding of the tetranychus cinnabarinus, the error caused by artificial subjective factors and the external environment factors is reduced, the efficiency of the quality screening and the resistance breeding varieties of the tetranychus in the cassava is improved, the quality is ensured to have the reliability of the quality and the quality of the pannus caused by the stage.
It is noted that relational terms such as first and second, and the like are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made therein without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (4)
1. A method for rapidly screening a resistance germplasm of a tetranychus cinnabarinus is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s101: filling soil in a cassava pot body (7) of a germplasm device, wherein the soil is cassava field cultivation layer soil plus organic fertilizer of 0.5 kg/basin plus 18-16-17 Schdanli compound fertilizer of 5 g/basin, planting a reference plant in the soil, and then moving the device to an outdoor environment;
S102: a worker fixes a plurality of groups of cassava potted bodies (7) planted with cassava on the rotary soaking component by utilizing the cassava potted positioning component (6);
s103: after the cassava potting main body (7) is fully arranged on the device, a worker simulates an external drought environment through the interval-adjustable wind speed simulation assembly (4), the rotary soaking assembly and the drying simulation assembly (8);
s104: fifteen to twenty days of drought of cassava, the air temperature is required to reach more than thirty ℃ to enable the cassava to be planted close to a field environment, when the disease of the disease-sensitive cassava variety reaches a ' feel ' level, the damage condition of the cassava leaves is started to be observed, the disease-sensitive level of the leaves is counted, mite damage indexes are calculated, the resistance level of each cassava germplasm is evaluated according to the mite damage indexes, and the evaluation method and the grading standard of the resistance of the cassava germplasm are referred to the technical rules of the industrial standard of the people's republic of China, namely NY/T2445-2013 of the identification of the resistance of cassava germplasm resources;
S105: if the external weather reaches drought temperature, artificially stopping manufacturing short drought extreme weather, and when overcast weather appears, moving the device into the device and continuously observing, or building a simple canopy near the device, and cultivating all the time outdoors;
S106: after the cultivation time is over, the personnel count the mite damage index and then eliminate the single plants with high sense, sense and middle sense, and reserve the cassava germplasm above the middle resistance, thereby completing the screening work of the resistance of the cassava germplasm to tetranychus cinnabarinus;
The germplasm device comprises:
The device comprises a bottom box (1) and universal wheels (101), wherein a vertical plate (2) is fixed on the outer wall of one side of the bottom box (1);
The space-adjustable wind speed simulation assembly (4), the space-adjustable wind speed simulation assembly (4) is arranged on the outer wall of the bottom box (1), the space-adjustable wind speed simulation assembly (4) comprises a wind power supply assembly, a rotary driving assembly and a transfer transmission assembly, the wind power supply assembly is arranged on the outer wall of the vertical plate (2), and the rotary driving assembly and the transfer transmission assembly are respectively arranged on the outer walls of two sides of the bottom box (1);
The I-shaped bracket (5), the I-shaped bracket (5) is arranged at the top end of the transfer transmission assembly, a main tray (501) is fixed at the top end of the I-shaped bracket (5), a drying simulation assembly (8) is arranged at the center position of the top end of the main tray (501), and the drying simulation assembly (8) comprises a heat preservation supporting piece, a heating unit and a temperature sensor (805);
the rotary soaking component is arranged at the top end of the main tray (501) and comprises a rotary power structure and a plurality of groups of rotary transmission structures, and the plurality of groups of rotary transmission structures are uniformly distributed at the outer edge of the drying simulation component (8);
the cassava potting positioning assembly (6), the cassava potting positioning assembly (6) is arranged at the top end of the inner rotary transmission structure, a cassava potting main body (7) is arranged in the cassava potting positioning assembly (6), the cassava potting positioning assembly (6) comprises a fixing structure and an elastic clamping structure, and a PLC control panel (3) is arranged on the outer wall of one side of the vertical plate (2);
the wind power supply assembly comprises arc-shaped holding plates (401) and axial flow fans (402), wherein the arc-shaped holding plates (401) are provided with two groups, the two groups of arc-shaped holding plates (401) are fixed on two sides of the inside of the vertical plate (2), the axial flow fans (402) are arranged between the two groups of arc-shaped holding plates (401), and the air outlet ends of the axial flow fans (402) face the drying simulation assembly (8);
The device comprises a conveying transmission component and a transverse guide unit, wherein the conveying transmission component is a screw rod conveying structure and the transverse guide unit, the screw rod conveying structure is a ball screw rod (406) rotatably arranged on the outer wall of a bottom box (1), inverted U-shaped frames (407) are respectively arranged at two side screw thread positions on the surface of the ball screw rod (406) through nut pairs, rectangular plates (408) are fixed between the two groups of inverted U-shaped frames (407), the top ends of the inverted U-shaped frames (407) are fixedly connected with the bottom ends of I-shaped brackets (5), the transverse guide unit comprises a linear rail (403) fixed on the outer wall of the bottom box (1) on one side of the ball screw rod (406), sliding sleeves (404) corresponding to the positions of the two groups of inverted U-shaped frames (407) are slidably arranged on the surface of the linear rail (403), connecting pieces (405) are fixedly arranged on the surfaces of the sliding sleeves (404), and the top ends of the connecting pieces (405) are fixedly connected with the bottom ends of the inverted U-shaped frames (407).
The rotary driving assembly is a servo motor (410) and a synchronous belt transmission structure (409), the servo motor (410) is arranged on the inner wall of the interval-adjustable wind speed simulation assembly (4), the rotating end of the interval-adjustable wind speed simulation assembly (4) extends to the outside of the bottom box (1), the synchronous belt transmission structure (409) is a driving belt pulley arranged at the rotating end of the interval-adjustable wind speed simulation assembly (4) and a driven belt pulley arranged at the top end of the ball screw (406), a belt is wound between the driving belt pulley and the driven belt pulley, and the input end of the servo motor (410) is electrically connected with the output end of the PLC control panel (3);
The rotary power structure comprises an outer gear ring (502), an inner gear ring (503), a motor frame (507), a transmission main shaft (508), a driving gear (509) and a speed reducing motor (510), wherein the outer gear ring (502) is rotatably arranged at the top end of a main tray (501), the inner gear ring (503) is fixed on the inner annular wall of the outer gear ring (502), the motor frame (507) is fixed on the outer wall of one side of an I-shaped bracket (5), the bottom end of the motor frame (507) is provided with the speed reducing motor (510), the input end of the speed reducing motor (510) is electrically connected with the output end of a PLC control panel (3), the transmission main shaft (508) is arranged at the rotating end of the speed reducing motor (510), the top end of the transmission main shaft (508) extends to the outside of the motor frame (507), the driving gear (509) is fixed at the top end of the transmission main shaft (508), and the driving gear (509) and the outer gear ring (502) are meshed with each other;
The automatic packaging machine is characterized in that four groups of internal rotation transmission structures are arranged, each internal rotation transmission structure comprises a vertical shaft (504), a driven gear (505) and an auxiliary turntable (506), the vertical shafts (504) are rotatably arranged at the top ends of the main trays (501), the driven gears (505) are fixed on one sides of the surfaces of the vertical shafts (504), the auxiliary turntable (506) is fixed at the top ends of the vertical shafts (504), and the cassava potting positioning assembly (6) is arranged at the top ends of the auxiliary turntables (506).
2. The method for rapidly screening the resistant germplasm of the tetranychus cinnabarinus according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the heat preservation support piece is a hollow cylinder (801), a heat dissipation hole (802), a heat preservation inner sleeve (803) and an annular flange (804), the hollow cylinder (801) is fixed at the center position of the top end of the main tray (501), equidistant heat dissipation holes (802) are uniformly formed in the outer peripheral surface of the hollow cylinder (801), the heat preservation inner sleeve (803) is fixed at the bottom of the hollow cylinder (801), the annular flange (804) is fixed at one end inside the Wen Natao (803), and the temperature sensor (805) is mounted at one side of the bottom end of the annular flange (804).
3. The method for rapidly screening the resistant germplasm of the tetranychus cinnabarinus according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: the heating unit is an electric heating pipe (806) arranged at the central position of the bottom of the hollow cylinder (801), the top end of the electric heating pipe (806) extends to the outside of the annular flange (804) and the heat insulation inner sleeve (803), the heating unit further comprises a second fan (807) arranged at the top of the hollow cylinder (801), and the input ends of the electric heating pipe (806), the second fan (807) and the temperature sensor (805) are electrically connected with the output end of the PLC control panel (3).
4. The method for rapidly screening the resistant germplasm of the tetranychus cinnabarinus according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the utility model discloses a fixed knot constructs for bottom plate (601) and two sets of vice right angle location baffle (607), bottom plate (601) are fixed on the top of vice carousel (506), two sets of vice right angle location baffle (607) are fixed on one side on bottom plate (601) top, two sets of vice right angle location baffle (607) are symmetrical structure about the central line of bottom plate (601), elasticity clamping structure is including fixing bottom plate (601) top fixing base (602) to and slidable mounting is in sliding seat (604) on bottom plate (601) top, sliding seat (604) and fixing base (602) are through elastic director interconnect, all be fixed with main right angle location baffle (606) on the both sides outer wall of sliding seat (604), elastic director is slide bar (603) and torsion spring (605), slide bar (603) are fixed on the outer wall of sliding seat (604) one side, one end that slide bar (603) kept away from sliding seat (604) extends to the outside of fixing base (602), one side winding on slide bar (603) surface has torsion spring (605).
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